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王(wang)(wang)聞其賢,欲見之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),非(fei)(fei)(fei)為韓使(shi)于秦(qin),因上書(shu)說(shuo)(shuo)王(wang)(wang)曰：“今秦(qin)地方(fang)數千里,師(shi)名百(bai)萬,號令賞罰(fa),天(tian)下(xia)不(bu)如.臣昧死愿見大王(wang)(wang),言所以(yi)(yi)(yi)破(po)天(tian)下(xia)從(cong)計(ji),大王(wang)(wang)誠聽臣說(shuo)(shuo),一舉而天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)從(cong)不(bu)破(po),趙(zhao)不(bu)舉,韓不(bu)亡,荊、魏不(bu)臣,齊、燕(yan)不(bu)親,霸王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名不(bu)成(cheng),四鄰諸侯不(bu)朝,大王(wang)(wang)斬臣以(yi)(yi)(yi)徇(xun)國,以(yi)(yi)(yi)戒為王(wang)(wang)謀不(bu)忠者也.”王(wang)(wang)悅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),未(wei)任(ren)用(yong)(yong).李斯嫉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),曰：“韓非(fei)(fei)(fei),韓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)諸公子也.今欲并諸侯,非(fei)(fei)(fei)終為韓不(bu)為秦(qin),此人(ren)(ren)情也.今王(wang)(wang)不(bu)用(yong)(yong),久留而歸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),此自遺(yi)(yi)患也；不(bu)如以(yi)(yi)(yi)法誅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi).”王(wang)(wang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為然(ran),下(xia)吏(li)治非(fei)(fei)(fei).李斯使(shi)人(ren)(ren)遺(yi)(yi)非(fei)(fei)(fei)藥,令早自殺(sha).韓非(fei)(fei)(fei)欲自陳.不(bu)得見.王(wang)(wang)后悔,使(shi)人(ren)(ren)赦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),非(fei)(fei)(fei)已死矣.

原文

王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)聞(wen)其賢,欲(yu)見之(zhi)(zhi),非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)韓使于秦(qin),因上書說(shuo)(shuo)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)曰：“今(jin)秦(qin)地(di)方數千里,師名百(bai)萬,號令賞罰(fa),天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)不(bu)如.臣(chen)(chen)昧死(si)(si)愿見大王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),言(yan)所以破(po)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)從(cong)計,大王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)誠聽臣(chen)(chen)說(shuo)(shuo),一舉而(er)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)從(cong)不(bu)破(po),趙(zhao)不(bu)舉,韓不(bu)亡,荊、魏不(bu)臣(chen)(chen),齊、燕不(bu)親,霸(ba)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)名不(bu)成,四(si)鄰諸侯不(bu)朝,大王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)斬臣(chen)(chen)以徇國,以戒為(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)謀不(bu)忠者也(ye)(ye).”王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)悅之(zhi)(zhi),未任用.李(li)斯嫉(ji)之(zhi)(zhi),曰：“韓非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),韓之(zhi)(zhi)諸公子(zi)也(ye)(ye).今(jin)欲(yu)并(bing)諸侯,非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)終為(wei)(wei)韓不(bu)為(wei)(wei)秦(qin),此人情也(ye)(ye).今(jin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)用,久留而(er)歸之(zhi)(zhi),此自(zi)遺(yi)患(huan)也(ye)(ye)；不(bu)如以法誅之(zhi)(zhi).”王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)以為(wei)(wei)然,下(xia)(xia)吏治非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei).李(li)斯使人遺(yi)非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)藥(yao),令早自(zi)殺(sha).韓非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)欲(yu)自(zi)陳(chen).不(bu)得(de)見.王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)后悔,使人赦之(zhi)(zhi),非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)已死(si)(si)矣.

--選(xuan)自《資治通鑒·卷六》

注釋

王(wang)聞其(qi)(qi)賢：秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)嬴(ying)政(zheng)聽說韓非(fei)賢能.王(wang)：此處指(zhi)(zhi)秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)嬴(ying)政(zheng).其(qi)(qi)：此處代指(zhi)(zhi)韓非(fei)（韓國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)君之子）.

號：號稱

因：趁機

昧死：魯(lu)(lu)莽地(di)冒(mao)死.昧,冒(mao)昧、魯(lu)(lu)莽；死,冒(mao)死.

從(cong)：同“縱(zong)”,合縱(zong),戰國時期六國.反(fan)對(dui)秦國的聯盟(meng).

王(wang)以為然：秦王(wang)認為（李斯的(de)話）是正確的(de).

而：如果，假如

舉：攻下(xia),占領(ling).

陳：陳述.

譯文

秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)嬴(ying)(ying)政(zheng)聽(ting)說韓(han)(han)非(fei)(fei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)德才兼備的(de)(de)人(ren),便想(xiang)(xiang)約(yue)見他(ta)(ta).韓(han)(han)非(fei)(fei)正(zheng)好(hao)作為(wei)韓(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)使(shi)者來到(dao)秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo),趁機(ji)寫(xie)信呈(cheng)給嬴(ying)(ying)政(zheng),勸說道(dao)：“現(xian)今(jin)秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)疆域(yu)方圓數千(qian)里,軍隊號稱百(bai)萬,號令森嚴,賞(shang)罰公平(ping),天下(xia)沒(mei)有一個(ge)國(guo)(guo)家能(neng)(neng)比得(de)上.而我魯莽地冒(mao)死渴求見您一面,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)想(xiang)(xiang)說一說破壞各國(guo)(guo)合縱聯(lian)盟的(de)(de)計略.您若真能(neng)(neng)聽(ting)從我的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)張,那(nei)么,您如果(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)一舉拆(chai)散(san)天下(xia)的(de)(de)合縱聯(lian)盟,戰領趙(zhao)國(guo)(guo),滅亡(wang)韓(han)(han)國(guo)(guo),使(shi)楚國(guo)(guo)、魏國(guo)(guo)臣服(fu),齊國(guo)(guo)、燕國(guo)(guo)歸順,不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)令秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)確立(li)霸(ba)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)威名,使(shi)四周鄰國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)前(qian)來朝(chao)拜(bai),就請您把我殺了在(zai)全國(guo)(guo)示眾,以此告誡那(nei)些為(wei)君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)出謀劃策(ce)不(bu)(bu)(bu)忠(zhong)誠的(de)(de)人(ren).”嬴(ying)(ying)政(zheng)讀后,心中頗為(wei)喜悅,但一時(shi)還(huan)(huan)沒(mei)有任用他(ta)(ta).李(li)斯(si)很(hen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)忌(ji)妒(du)韓(han)(han)非(fei)(fei),便對嬴(ying)(ying)政(zheng)說：“韓(han)(han)非(fei)(fei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)韓(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)一個(ge)公子(zi),如今(jin)您想(xiang)(xiang)吞并(bing)各國(guo)(guo),韓(han)(han)非(fei)(fei)最終還(huan)(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)為(wei)韓(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)利益(yi)著想(xiang)(xiang),而不(bu)(bu)(bu)會為(wei)秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)盡心效力(li)的(de)(de),這也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)之常情.現(xian)在(zai)您不(bu)(bu)(bu)用他(ta)(ta),而讓他(ta)(ta)在(zai)秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)長期逗留后再(zai)放他(ta)(ta)回(hui)去(qu)(qu),這不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)(zi)留后患啊(a).還(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)如依法將他(ta)(ta)除掉算了.”秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)政(zheng)認為(wei)李(li)斯(si)說得(de)有理,便把韓(han)(han)非(fei)(fei)交(jiao)司法官吏治(zhi)罪(zui).李(li)斯(si)又派(pai)人(ren)送毒藥給韓(han)(han)非(fei)(fei),讓他(ta)(ta)趁早自(zi)(zi)殺.韓(han)(han)非(fei)(fei)試圖親自(zi)(zi)向秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)嬴(ying)(ying)政(zheng)陳述冤情,但卻(que)無(wu)法見到(dao)秦(qin)(qin)王(wang).不(bu)(bu)(bu)久,秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)政(zheng)有些后悔,就派(pai)人(ren)去(qu)(qu)赦免韓(han)(han)非(fei)(fei),可是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)韓(han)(han)非(fei)(fei)已(yi)經死了。

死亡謎案

韓(han)非(fei)(fei)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死(si)的母本說(shuo)法和主流說(shuo)法見(jian)于司馬(ma)遷的《史記·老子韓(han)非(fei)(fei)列傳》：“李斯、姚賈害之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，毀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰：‘韓(han)非(fei)(fei)，韓(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)諸(zhu)公子也(ye)。今(jin)王欲并諸(zhu)侯(hou)，非(fei)(fei)終為(wei)(wei)韓(han)不為(wei)(wei)秦，此(ci)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情也(ye)。今(jin)王不用，久留(liu)而歸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，此(ci)自遺患也(ye)。不如以過法殺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’秦王以為(wei)(wei)然，下吏(li)治非(fei)(fei)。李斯使(shi)人遺非(fei)(fei)藥，使(shi)自殺。韓(han)非(fei)(fei)欲自陳，不得見(jian)。秦王后悔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，使(shi)人赦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非(fei)(fei)已死(si)矣”

司馬遷寫韓(han)非子(zi)之(zhi)死，寫得簡(jian)練(lian)、生動、傳奇，然而太(tai)過簡(jian)略的(de)筆觸，給人留下(xia)了(le)難以釋然的(de)空白。

韓非子即使不(bu)死(si)，也早已斷絕了(le)活路，——終(zhong)將(jiang)走向死(si)路。

當(dang)堂(tang)溪公言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)諄(zhun)諄(zhun)地告誡(jie)韓非(fei)(fei)：“臣(chen)(chen)(chen)聞服禮(li)辭讓，全(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)術(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)；修行(xing)(xing)退智(zhi)，遂(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今先生(sheng)立法術(shu)，設度數，臣(chen)(chen)(chen)竊以(yi)為危于身(shen)而(er)(er)(er)殆于軀。何以(yi)效之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？所聞先生(sheng)術(shu)曰：“楚不用吳(wu)起而(er)(er)(er)削亂，秦行(xing)(xing)商君(jun)而(er)(er)(er)富彊(qiang)，二子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)已當(dang)矣，然(ran)(ran)(ran)而(er)(er)(er)吳(wu)起支解而(er)(er)(er)商君(jun)車裂者，不逢世(shi)遇主(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)患(huan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”逢遇不可(ke)必也(ye)(ye)(ye)，患(huan)禍不可(ke)斥也(ye)(ye)(ye)，夫(fu)舍乎全(quan)遂(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)而(er)(er)(er)肆乎危殆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)，竊為先生(sheng)無取(qu)焉。”韓非(fei)(fei)的回答，卻顯得(de)義正詞(ci)嚴(yan)，直率而(er)(er)(er)不夠(gou)禮(li)貌（倆人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間，可(ke)能存有年齡差距）：“臣(chen)(chen)(chen)明先生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)矣。夫(fu)治天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)柄(bing)，齊民萌(meng)(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度，甚(shen)未易處也(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)(ran)(ran)所以(yi)廢先王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教，而(er)(er)(er)行(xing)(xing)賤臣(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所取(qu)者，竊以(yi)為立法術(shu)，設度數，所以(yi)利民萌(meng)(meng)便眾庶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故不憚亂主(zhu)(zhu)暗上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)患(huan)禍，而(er)(er)(er)必思以(yi)齊民萌(meng)(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)利者，仁智(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。憚亂主(zhu)(zhu)暗上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)患(huan)禍，而(er)(er)(er)避乎死亡(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害，知明夫(fu)身(shen)而(er)(er)(er)不見民萌(meng)(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)利者，貪(tan)鄙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為也(ye)(ye)(ye)。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)不忍鄉貪(tan)鄙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為，不敢傷仁智(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)。先王(wang)有幸臣(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，然(ran)(ran)(ran)有大(da)傷臣(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實。”

“先王(wang)（當為先生）有幸臣之意(yi)，然有大(da)傷臣之實。”

韓非(fei)認為，堂(tang)溪(xi)公雖是一番(fan)好意，但不(bu)了(le)解(jie)自(zi)己，誤解(jie)了(le)自(zi)己，甚至(zhi)，傷害(hai)了(le)自(zi)己。同時，“憚亂主暗上之(zhi)(zhi)患禍，而(er)避(bi)乎死亡(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)，知明夫(fu)身而(er)不(bu)見民萌之(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)利(li)者，貪鄙之(zhi)(zhi)為也。”之(zhi)(zhi)句表明，韓非(fei)早已下定了(le)向(xiang)死而(er)行的決心，做(zuo)好了(le)向(xiang)死而(er)行的準備(bei)。

凄慘結局

因(yin)為(wei)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)非(fei)子和李斯(si)曾(ceng)經是同窗，李斯(si)深(shen)知韓(han)(han)(han)(han)非(fei)才能(neng)遠勝于(yu)自己，害怕韓(han)(han)(han)(han)非(fei)在秦國得到嬴(ying)(ying)政的(de)(de)賞識(shi)，搶了自己的(de)(de)飯碗，于(yu)是向嬴(ying)(ying)政誣陷詆(di)毀韓(han)(han)(han)(han)非(fei)，嬴(ying)(ying)政當時對李斯(si)是非(fei)常信任的(de)(de)，就(jiu)把韓(han)(han)(han)(han)非(fei)打入監獄，韓(han)(han)(han)(han)非(fei)就(jiu)這樣被李斯(si)害死在獄中。