洪(hong)天錫,字(zi)君疇,泉(quan)州(zhou)晉江人。寶慶二(er)年,(公元(yuan)一二(er)二(er)六(liu)年)舉進士第,授廣州(zhou)司(si)法。歷拜監(jian)察御史(shi),累(lei)疏劾奄人,上(shang)章至六(liu)七次,最后請(qing)還(huan)御史(shi)印。宋時的奄人,不敢竅弄主威(wei),都(dou)是他(ta)的力量。累(lei)遷刑部尚書,又進華文(wen)(wen)閣直學(xue)士。尋致(zhi)仕,加端明(ming)殿學(xue)士。卒,謚文(wen)(wen)毅。天賜所著(zhu),有奏議、經(jing)筵講義、通祀輯略、味言發墨(mo)、陽嚴文(wen)(wen)集(ji)(均宋史(shi)本傳)傳世。
是年立夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,“天(tian)雨土”。天(tian)錫借此機會疏(shu)(shu)(shu)言(yan)“陰(yin)陽君子小(xiao)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)辨,乞屏絕私邪,休息(xi)土木,消天(tian)災。”并彈劾(he)少監余作(zuo)賓、外戚(qi)謝欒(luan)懋。當年四川中部地(di)震,浙、閩(min)鬧大水,天(tian)錫又上(shang)疏(shu)(shu)(shu):“上(shang)下窮(qiong)空,遠(yuan)兵怨(yuan)(yuan)疾,獨(du)貴(gui)戚(qi)巨(ju)閹享(xiang)富貴(gui)耳。舉天(tian)下窮(qiong)且怨(yuan)(yuan),陛(bi)下能(neng)獨(du)與數十人者(zhe)(zhe)共天(tian)下乎?”適逢蘇州百姓大論等(deng)“列訴宋(song)臣(chen)奪其田”,天(tian)錫立即交有關(guan)官署(shu)查處(chu)。豈料御(yu)前提舉卻移文聲(sheng)稱“田屬御(yu)莊,不(bu)當白臺(tai)”,儀鸞司(si)亦因此發文給常(chang)平司(si),企(qi)圖(tu)把(ba)水攪渾,以(yi)達包庇(bi)目的(de)。天(tian)錫義憤填膺,上(shang)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)責問(wen):“御(yu)史所(suo)(suo)以(yi)雪冤,常(chang)平所(suo)(suo)以(yi)均役,若中貴(gui)人得(de)以(yi)控之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),則內外臺(tai)可廢,猶為(wei)國有紀綱乎?”他毫(hao)不(bu)氣餒地(di)繼續彈劾(he)董(dong)宋(song)臣(chen)和都知盧允升,列舉他們的(de)罪惡。但理宗(zong)極力(li)庇(bi)護二(er)人。他又接(jie)連上(shang)六(liu)七道(dao)奏疏(shu)(shu)(shu),都無(wu)效果,最后(hou)(hou)只(zhi)好提出辭職,“請(qing)還御(yu)史印”,并沉痛(tong)地(di)告誡(jie)理宗(zong)道(dao):“明君當為(wei)后(hou)(hou)人除害,不(bu)應留(liu)下后(hou)(hou)患給后(hou)(hou)人。今朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting)輕給舍臺(tai)諫,輕百司(si)庶(shu)府,而(er)北司(si)獨(du)重,倉卒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)際,臣(chen)實懼怕。”他的(de)忠言(yan)雖沒(mei)有立即被理宗(zong)采納,但如《宋(song)史》所(suo)(suo)說:“然(ran)終(zhong)宋(song)世閹人不(bu)能(neng)竊弄主威者(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)天(tian)錫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力(li)。”由于(yu)理宗(zong)昏庸(yong),天(tian)錫憤然(ran)離開朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting),盡管改任為(wei)大理少卿,再遷為(wei)太常(chang),他都不(bu)接(jie)受。
南(nan)宋景定二年(nian)(nian)(1261年(nian)(nian)),理宗(zong)(zong)改(gai)派(pai)天錫(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)廣東(dong)提(ti)點刑獄,他(ta)5次辭(ci)(ci)絕(jue)。翌年(nian)(nian),起知(zhi)(zhi)潭州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),也拖了很久才(cai)赴(fu)任(ren)。天錫(xi)(xi)(xi)一到潭州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),尊先賢,除宿寇,逾年(nian)(nian)大治。爾后,升直(zhi)寶謨(mo)閣,再遷廣東(dong)轉(zhuan)運(yun)判(pan)官兼(jian)湖南(nan)安(an)撫(fu)使(shi),所到之(zhi)處(chu),決疑獄,劾貪吏,治財(cai)賦,整肅有法。理宗(zong)(zong)召(zhao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)秘書(shu)(shu)監兼(jian)侍(shi)講(jiang),天錫(xi)(xi)(xi)以(yi)耳(er)聾堅辭(ci)(ci);又加秘閣修撰和福建(jian)轉(zhuan)運(yun)副使(shi),仍被他(ta)婉(wan)言謝絕(jue)。咸淳(chun)元年(nian)(nian)(1265年(nian)(nian)),度(du)宗(zong)(zong)即位,召(zhao)天錫(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)侍(shi)御史兼(jian)侍(shi)讀,他(ta)一再辭(ci)(ci)謝,不(bu)(bu)許(xu),只好上(shang)路。赴(fu)任(ren)途中(zhong),監察御史張(zhang)桂忽然提(ti)出彈劾,結(jie)果未到任(ren)就被罷免。他(ta)不(bu)(bu)以(yi)自己進(jin)退為(wei)(wei)(wei)念,仍上(shang)疏病民五事(shi):曰(yue)(yue)公田,曰(yue)(yue)關子,曰(yue)(yue)銀綱,曰(yue)(yue)鹽鈔,曰(yue)(yue)賦役。又言:“在廷無嚴憚之(zhi)士,何(he)以(yi)寢奸謀?遇事(shi)無敢諍之(zhi)臣,何(he)以(yi)臨(lin)大節?人(ren)物稀疏,精(jing)采(cai)銷軟,隱惰(duo)惜已者多,忘身(shen)殉國(guo)者少。”度(du)宗(zong)(zong)接(jie)連委任(ren)天錫(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)工部(bu)侍(shi)郎兼(jian)直(zhi)學士院(yuan)加顯(xian)文(wen)(wen)閣待制、湖南(nan)安(an)撫(fu)使(shi)、潭州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)知(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、漳(zhang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)知(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),他(ta)都(dou)極力(li)辭(ci)(ci)卻。咸淳(chun)二年(nian)(nian),度(du)宗(zong)(zong)改(gai)任(ren)天錫(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)福建(jian)安(an)撫(fu)使(shi),又力(li)辭(ci)(ci),不(bu)(bu)許(xu),乃上(shang)任(ren)。任(ren)內疏陳鹽戶(hu)破(po)家(jia)隕身(shen)之(zhi)慘(can),請求罷免鹽稅,獲準。又請罷荔枝貢。不(bu)(bu)久,召(zhao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)刑部(bu)尚書(shu)(shu),后進(jin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)顯(xian)文(wen)(wen)閣直(zhi)學士、提(ti)舉太平興國(guo)宮(gong),御書(shu)(shu)三(san)札,催促上(shang)道,天錫(xi)(xi)(xi)皆力(li)辭(ci)(ci)。第二年(nian)(nian),進(jin)華(hua)文(wen)(wen)閣直(zhi)學士。不(bu)(bu)久致仕,加端明殿學士,轉(zhuan)一官。病危(wei)臨(lin)終,猶親(qin)自起草遺(yi)表,規說君相,以(yi)天下為(wei)(wei)(wei)重。天錫(xi)(xi)(xi)言動(dong)有準繩(sheng),居(ju)官耿介,臨(lin)事(shi)是非侃侃,不(bu)(bu)可回(hui)折(zhe)。他(ta)曾自書(shu)(shu)刊號春聯“生平要識瓊崖面,到此(ci)當(dang)堅鐵石(shi)心(xin)”。宋人(ren)周密說:“近世(shi)敢言之(zhi)士,始(shi)終一節,明目張(zhang)膽,言人(ren)所難,惟溫陵洪(hong)公一人(ren)。”咸淳(chun)三(san)年(nian)(nian),天錫(xi)(xi)(xi)逝世(shi)。度(du)宗(zong)(zong)特(te)贈正議大夫(fu),謚文(wen)(wen)毅。
所著有《經(jing)筵講義》
《通禮輯略》
《味言發墨》
《陽巖文集》
《洪文毅奏議(yi)》等,弟天(tian)驥(ji)。