洪天(tian)錫,字君(jun)疇,泉州(zhou)晉江人。寶慶二(er)年(nian),(公元一二(er)二(er)六年(nian))舉進士第,授(shou)廣州(zhou)司法。歷(li)拜監(jian)察御史,累疏劾(he)奄人,上章至六七(qi)次,最(zui)后請還御史印。宋時的奄人,不敢(gan)竅弄(nong)主威,都是他(ta)的力(li)量。累遷刑(xing)部(bu)尚書,又進華文(wen)閣直學(xue)士。尋致仕,加端明殿學(xue)士。卒,謚文(wen)毅(yi)。天(tian)賜所著,有奏議、經筵講義、通祀輯略、味言發墨(mo)、陽嚴文(wen)集(均宋史本傳)傳世。
是年(nian)立夏(xia)之日,“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)雨(yu)土(tu)(tu)”。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)借(jie)此(ci)機會疏言(yan)“陰陽君子小人之所(suo)以(yi)辨,乞屏(ping)絕私(si)邪,休息土(tu)(tu)木,消天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)災。”并(bing)彈(dan)劾(he)少(shao)監余作(zuo)賓(bin)、外戚謝欒懋。當年(nian)四川(chuan)中部地(di)震,浙、閩鬧(nao)大(da)水(shui),天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)又上(shang)疏:“上(shang)下窮空,遠兵怨疾,獨貴戚巨閹(yan)享富貴耳。舉(ju)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下窮且怨,陛下能(neng)獨與(yu)數(shu)十人者(zhe)共天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下乎?”適(shi)逢蘇州百(bai)姓大(da)論等“列(lie)訴宋臣(chen)奪其(qi)田”,天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)立即交(jiao)有(you)關(guan)官(guan)署查處。豈料御(yu)(yu)前提(ti)舉(ju)卻移文聲稱“田屬御(yu)(yu)莊,不(bu)當白臺(tai)”,儀鸞司亦因此(ci)發文給(gei)(gei)常(chang)平司,企圖把(ba)水(shui)攪(jiao)渾,以(yi)達包庇目(mu)的。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)義(yi)憤填膺,上(shang)疏責問:“御(yu)(yu)史(shi)所(suo)以(yi)雪冤(yuan),常(chang)平所(suo)以(yi)均役,若(ruo)中貴人得以(yi)控之,則內外臺(tai)可廢,猶(you)為(wei)國有(you)紀綱(gang)乎?”他毫不(bu)氣(qi)餒地(di)繼續彈(dan)劾(he)董宋臣(chen)和都(dou)知(zhi)盧(lu)允升,列(lie)舉(ju)他們的罪(zui)惡。但理(li)宗(zong)極(ji)力(li)庇護二人。他又接連(lian)上(shang)六(liu)七(qi)道(dao)奏疏,都(dou)無效果,最后只好提(ti)出辭職,“請還御(yu)(yu)史(shi)印”,并(bing)沉(chen)痛(tong)地(di)告誡理(li)宗(zong)道(dao):“明君當為(wei)后人除害,不(bu)應留下后患給(gei)(gei)后人。今朝(chao)廷(ting)輕給(gei)(gei)舍(she)臺(tai)諫,輕百(bai)司庶府,而(er)北司獨重,倉卒之際,臣(chen)實(shi)懼怕。”他的忠言(yan)雖沒(mei)有(you)立即被(bei)理(li)宗(zong)采納,但如《宋史(shi)》所(suo)說(shuo):“然終宋世閹(yan)人不(bu)能(neng)竊弄主威者(zhe),皆天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)之力(li)。”由于理(li)宗(zong)昏庸,天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)憤然離開(kai)朝(chao)廷(ting),盡(jin)管改(gai)任(ren)為(wei)大(da)理(li)少(shao)卿,再(zai)遷為(wei)太常(chang),他都(dou)不(bu)接受。
南(nan)宋景定二年(nian)(1261年(nian)),理宗改派天(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)廣(guang)東提點(dian)刑獄,他(ta)(ta)(ta)5次辭絕(jue)。翌年(nian),起(qi)知(zhi)潭州(zhou),也拖了很久才赴任(ren)(ren)(ren)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)一(yi)到(dao)潭州(zhou),尊先賢,除宿寇,逾年(nian)大治。爾(er)后,升直寶謨閣(ge)(ge),再遷廣(guang)東轉(zhuan)運判官(guan)兼(jian)(jian)湖南(nan)安(an)撫(fu)使(shi),所到(dao)之(zhi)處,決疑獄,劾(he)貪吏,治財賦(fu),整(zheng)肅(su)有法。理宗召為(wei)秘(mi)書(shu)(shu)監兼(jian)(jian)侍(shi)講,天(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)以(yi)耳聾(long)堅辭;又(you)加(jia)秘(mi)閣(ge)(ge)修撰(zhuan)和福建轉(zhuan)運副使(shi),仍被他(ta)(ta)(ta)婉(wan)言(yan)謝(xie)絕(jue)。咸淳元(yuan)年(nian)(1265年(nian)),度宗即(ji)位,召天(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)侍(shi)御史兼(jian)(jian)侍(shi)讀,他(ta)(ta)(ta)一(yi)再辭謝(xie),不許,只好上路。赴任(ren)(ren)(ren)途中(zhong),監察御史張桂忽然(ran)提出彈劾(he),結(jie)果未到(dao)任(ren)(ren)(ren)就被罷免。他(ta)(ta)(ta)不以(yi)自(zi)(zi)己進退(tui)為(wei)念,仍上疏病(bing)(bing)民五事:曰(yue)公田,曰(yue)關子(zi),曰(yue)銀綱,曰(yue)鹽鈔,曰(yue)賦(fu)役(yi)。又(you)言(yan):“在廷無嚴憚之(zhi)士(shi),何(he)以(yi)寢奸謀?遇(yu)事無敢諍(zheng)之(zhi)臣,何(he)以(yi)臨大節?人(ren)物稀(xi)疏,精采銷(xiao)軟,隱惰惜已者多,忘身(shen)殉國者少。”度宗接(jie)連委任(ren)(ren)(ren)天(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)工(gong)部(bu)侍(shi)郎兼(jian)(jian)直學(xue)士(shi)院(yuan)加(jia)顯文(wen)閣(ge)(ge)待制(zhi)、湖南(nan)安(an)撫(fu)使(shi)、潭州(zhou)知(zhi)州(zhou)、漳州(zhou)知(zhi)州(zhou),他(ta)(ta)(ta)都極(ji)力(li)辭卻。咸淳二年(nian),度宗改任(ren)(ren)(ren)天(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)福建安(an)撫(fu)使(shi),又(you)力(li)辭,不許,乃(nai)上任(ren)(ren)(ren)。任(ren)(ren)(ren)內疏陳鹽戶破家隕身(shen)之(zhi)慘,請(qing)(qing)求(qiu)罷免鹽稅(shui),獲準(zhun)。又(you)請(qing)(qing)罷荔(li)枝貢。不久,召為(wei)刑部(bu)尚書(shu)(shu),后進為(wei)顯文(wen)閣(ge)(ge)直學(xue)士(shi)、提舉(ju)太平興(xing)國宮,御書(shu)(shu)三札,催促上道,天(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)皆(jie)力(li)辭。第(di)二年(nian),進華文(wen)閣(ge)(ge)直學(xue)士(shi)。不久致仕,加(jia)端(duan)明(ming)殿(dian)學(xue)士(shi),轉(zhuan)一(yi)官(guan)。病(bing)(bing)危臨終(zhong)(zhong),猶親自(zi)(zi)起(qi)草遺表,規說(shuo)君相,以(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下為(wei)重。天(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)言(yan)動有準(zhun)繩,居官(guan)耿(geng)介,臨事是非侃(kan)侃(kan),不可回折。他(ta)(ta)(ta)曾自(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)刊號(hao)春聯“生平要識瓊崖面(mian),到(dao)此當堅鐵石心(xin)”。宋人(ren)周(zhou)密(mi)說(shuo):“近世敢言(yan)之(zhi)士(shi),始終(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)節,明(ming)目張膽,言(yan)人(ren)所難,惟溫陵洪公一(yi)人(ren)。”咸淳三年(nian),天(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)逝(shi)世。度宗特贈正議大夫,謚文(wen)毅。
所(suo)著有《經筵(yan)講(jiang)義》
《通禮輯略》
《味言發墨》
《陽巖文集》
《洪文毅奏議》等(deng),弟天驥。