廬山桃花(hua)源(yuan)風(feng)景名(ming)勝區(qu)是中(zhong)國(guo)田園詩歌(ge)鼻(bi)祖、東(dong)晉大詩人陶淵明的(de)傳(chuan)世名(ming)作《桃花(hua)源(yuan)記》創作原型地(di),是世界自然(ran)文化名(ming)山—廬山的(de)重(zhong)要組成(cheng)部(bu)分。
桃花源景(jing)區不僅自然風光秀麗(li),且歷史(shi)涵蘊深厚,人(ren)文景(jing)觀眾多。景(jing)區內有(you)楚人(ren)村(cun)、康王谷、恩(en)桃庵、陸羽亭等(deng)遺址;有(you)陶淵明、歐(ou)陽修、蘇軾、黃庭(ting)堅等(deng)歷代(dai)名(ming)家詠康王谷和谷簾泉的大(da)量詩文和所留下的摩巖石(shi)刻,是旅(lv)游休閑(xian)、度假避(bi)暑勝地。
位于(yu)康王谷人口處。漢時這一(yi)帶(dai)有(you)銅馬廟(miao),南朝梁代(dai)建有(you)康王觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),宋(song)時有(you)景(jing)德觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),今(jin)俱廢(fei),而“觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)口”之名卻保留至(zhi)今(jin)。觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)口外一(yi)側,有(you)一(yi)山埂,名“桃花尖(jian)”,位于(yu)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)口從谷中流出的(de)(de)溪水(shui)旁,高(gao)(gao)約(yue)400余(yu)米,面積約(yue)800余(yu)畝,廣植桃樹,因(yin)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)口一(yi)帶(dai)地(di)勢平坦(tan),惟以桃花尖(jian)山埂兀突,當春季桃花盛開之時,便覺特別爛漫醒(xing)目。觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)口前方,即(ji)往隘口道(dao)旁,有(you)一(yi)老(lao)松,其干(gan)佝僂偃伏,遠觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)似老(lao)人駝背,故俗稱“駝背樹”,其枝(zhi)虬節盤旋而上,針葉青蔥,樹皮光滑顯銀白色,為(wei)林木一(yi)大奇觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)口山門,由一(yi)座花崗(gang)青石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)牌(pai)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)組建而成,為(wei)“四(si)柱三門”式,柱為(wei)正長(chang)方形(xing),頂端為(wei)圓(yuan)形(xing),四(si)柱均突破橫額枋(fang)而聳立天(tian)(tian)際(ji)。柱的(de)(de)下(xia)端前后均以鼓(gu)形(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)枋(fang)相(xiang)砌。額枋(fang)正中有(you)毛澤(ze)東手書“桃花源(yuan)”三字石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke),由星子(zi)縣石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)高(gao)(gao)手仿(fang)毛澤(ze)東七律《登廬山》墨跡精(jing)刻(ke)(ke)而成。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱有(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)對(dui)聯一(yi)副:“世上無雙(shuang)夢;天(tian)(tian)下(xia)第(di)一(yi)泉”.背面對(dui)聯為(wei):“千秋康王谷;萬古陶(tao)令篇(pian)”。牌(pai)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)結構新穎,制作(zuo)精(jing)巧,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)采自星子(zi)縣橫塘玉泉山,質地(di)玉潤,灰中透白,無雕(diao)飾,略有(you)紋刻(ke)(ke),全以本(ben)色為(wei)工(gong),以古樸(pu)為(wei)質,與(yu)整個桃花源(yuan)景(jing)區的(de)(de)自然景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和人文(wen)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)融(rong)為(wei)一(yi)體,實為(wei)牌(pai)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)雕(diao)刻(ke)(ke)作(zuo)品中的(de)(de)上乘(cheng)之作(zuo)。
進山(shan)門一里,有(you)“回(hui)馬(ma)石(shi)”遺(yi)跡,此即秦(qin)國(guo)大(da)將(jiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)翦(jian)追(zhui)楚(chu)康王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)后裔不(bu)(bu)(bu)得處(chu)。關于康王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)的來歷(li),多種志(zhi)(zhi)書均(jun)有(you)記載。傳說:秦(qin)始皇二(er)十四年(nian)(nian)(前223年(nian)(nian))王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)翦(jian)伐楚(chu),康王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)后裔避難于廬山(shan)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)中(zhong),“翦(jian)追(zhui)之急,天忽(hu)大(da)風雷雨,翦(jian)人馬(ma)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能前。得脫,遂隱(yin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)出,因名其谷(gu)(gu)(gu)曰康王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)。”而“回(hui)馬(ma)石(shi)”則(ze)是秦(qin)將(jiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)翦(jian)“回(hui)馬(ma)”的地方(fang)。康王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)又稱“楚(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)”,據清(qing)同治版校點本(ben)《星(xing)子縣志(zhi)(zhi)》載:“昔始皇并六國(guo),楚(chu)康王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)昭(zhao)為(wei)秦(qin)將(jiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)翦(jian)所窘,逃于此,故(gu)名楚(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)。”從(cong)歷(li)史(shi)傳說這個角度看.康王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)的歷(li)史(shi)已有(you)2223年(nian)(nian)了。
問(wen)津(jin)堂 過回馬石(shi),抵(di)問(wen)津(jin)堂。有單層建筑三棟(dong),青(qing)瓦白樓(lou),小巧古樸,彼此(ci)相(xiang)連(lian)。背山面溪(xi),溪(xi)旁立一(yi)(yi)大石(shi),上(shang)刻“世外桃源(yuan)”四字(zi),前行十余米(mi),臨溪(xi)一(yi)(yi)亭(ting),名“問(wen)津(jin)亭(ting)”。亭(ting)額“凈土(tu)”二字(zi),中有一(yi)(yi)聯(lian)(lian):“桃花(hua)(hua)源(yuan)出康王(wang)谷(gu);彭(peng)澤令即武陵漁”。這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)景點(dian)與觀(guan)口山門“桃花(hua)(hua)源(yuan)”牌坊相(xiang)呼應,把陶淵(yuan)(yuan)明散(san)文《桃花(hua)(hua)源(yuan)記(ji)》的出處與康王(wang)谷(gu)聯(lian)(lian)系起(qi)來。陶淵(yuan)(yuan)明,字(zi)元亮(liang),一(yi)(yi)說名潛,字(zi)淵(yuan)(yuan)明,潯陽(yang)柴(chai)桑(今江西星子縣)人。生于(yu)晉哀帝(di)興寧三年(365年),卒(zu)于(yu)宋文帝(di)元嘉四年(427年)。卒(zu)后友朋私溢(yi)“靖節(jie)”。早年曾任(ren)江州祭酒、鎮軍參軍、彭(peng)澤
令等職,后因(yin)厭惡官(guan)場污濁,遂(sui)退隱農(nong)村。今星(xing)子縣(xian)山南的(de)玉(yu)京、栗里、醉石(shi)等風(feng)景點(dian),均留下他(ta)的(de)遺跡。陶淵明(ming)的(de)大(da)(da)(da)半生處于我國封建社會史上一個(ge)大(da)(da)(da)分(fen)裂(lie)、大(da)(da)(da)混(hun)亂(luan)的(de)黑暗(an)時代,由于社會的(de)動亂(luan),玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)風(feng)的(de)盛行,東(dong)晉文人競(jing)尚浮(fu)誕,馳(chi)騁玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)理,詩(shi)壇為玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)言詩(shi)所統治。晉末
宋(song)初(chu),佛(fo)教哲(zhe)理(li)又被引(yin)人文(wen)(wen)學(xue)創作。陶淵明生活在當時那(nei)樣(yang)一(yi)個(ge)思(si)想空虛、文(wen)(wen)學(xue)貧(pin)困的年代,他(ta)并(bing)沒有像清淡(dan)玄學(xue)家(jia)那(nei)樣(yang)狂(kuang)放不羈(ji),也沒有像佛(fo)教徒那(nei)樣(yang)無慮無營,而是(shi)在現(xian)實生活和(he)文(wen)(wen)學(xue)創作上,獨特地走(zou)著自己的道路,形成一(yi)種單純自然的新穎風格,成為中國文(wen)(wen)學(xue)發展史上的詩人和(he)散文(wen)(wen)家(jia)。《桃(tao)花源(yuan)記》整個(ge)作品都(dou)閃耀(yao)著理(li)想的光輝,在中國古代散文(wen)(wen)中素享盛名(ming)。
離開(kai)問津堂(tang),沿溪(xi)北行(xing)數里,康王谷開(kai)始(shi)顯示(shi)出它的(de)幽深古(gu)奧(ao),兩旁山峰挺(ting)拔(ba),樹木蔥蘢,谷口最窄處,僅十(shi)余米。又數十(shi)步(bu),忽(hu)峰回路(lu)轉,蒼松(song)翠竹,花(hua)香鳥語,則(ze)又有(you)一番(fan)景致。溪(xi)側有(you)桃葉渡、桃源洞諸景。《桃花(hua)源記(ji)》開(kai)篇說:“晉(jin)太(tai)元中(zhong),武陵人捕魚為業,緣溪(xi)行(xing),忘路(lu)之遠(yuan)近(jin)。忽(hu)逢桃花(hua)林(lin),夾岸數百步(bu),中(zhong)無雜樹,芳草鮮美(mei),落英繽紛。”來到(dao)這里,游(you)人能不被景觀所陶醉而“忘路(lu)”嗎?
這是“忘(wang)路谷(gu)”的(de)(de)延伸與推(tui)進(jin),也是在谷(gu)中行走時“忽峰(feng)回路轉”出現的(de)(de)景(jing)觀。谷(gu)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)源于漢陽(yang)峰(feng)的(de)(de)谷(gu)簾泉,噴薄而(er)出,奔(ben)流直瀉,蜿蜒曲折,縱穿(chuan)整個康王谷(gu),從谷(gu)口流出,經觀口山門(men),注入(ru)鄱(po)陽(yang)湖。大小不一(yi)的(de)(de)卵石(shi)散臥溪(xi)(xi)(xi)中,受水擊打,發(fa)出大小不一(yi)的(de)(de)巨響,永無停歇。谷(gu)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)一(yi)側(ce)傍山,另(ling)一(yi)側(ce)則用卵石(shi)壘疊(die)而(er)成(cheng)數(shu)米高的(de)(de)谷(gu)堤,堤上復(fu)為路,這就成(cheng)了(le)我們游人“緣(yuan)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)行”所走的(de)(de)路了(le)。桃花溪(xi)(xi)(xi)因桃花林而(er)得名,唐王維《桃源行》詩(shi):“漁舟逐水愛山村,兩岸桃花夾古津。……春來(lai)遍是桃花水,不辨仙源何處尋。”也許,王維曾來(lai)過此地(di)興(xing)游。
《桃花源(yuan)記》說:“林盡水源(yuan),便(bian)(bian)得一山(shan)(shan)(shan)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)有小口(kou),仿佛若有光(guang);便(bian)(bian)舍(she)船從口(kou)入。初極狹(xia),才通人(ren);復行(xing)數十步(bu),豁然開朗。土地平(ping)曠,屋舍(she)儼然,有良田(tian)美池(chi)桑竹(zhu)之(zhi)屬;阡陌交通,雞犬相(xiang)聞。”康(kang)王谷(gu)有九個自(zi)然村(cun)(cun),均(jun)沿谷(gu)而居,有張、吳、帥、汪、余、錢、康(kang)、等姓氏。建筑多(duo)為單層人(ren)字(zi)形,泥磚相(xiang)混結(jie)構,間(jian)以(yi)小院(yuan),院(yuan)內外及村(cun)(cun)之(zhi)四周,廣(guang)植桃樹(shu)。緣溪而行(xing),所逢(feng)第一個村(cun)(cun)莊名“口(kou)上(shang)張村(cun)(cun)”。其(qi)(qi)問茂林修竹(zhu),茅籬草(cao)舍(she),野趣天成,其(qi)(qi)民風淳(chun)樸,尤存古意(yi)。凡五六月來到這里(li),村(cun)(cun)旁溪畔的(de)桃樹(shu)已是(shi)果實累累,摘桃一袋,略給幾錢,在溪頭用泉水略洗,即(ji)可作為旅途美食。將離(li)去,村(cun)(cun)民猶呼:“下(xia)次再來。”據傳,楚(chu)康(kang)王后裔避難谷(gu)中(zhong),滿山(shan)(shan)(shan)遍野都是(shi)野桃樹(shu),他們即(ji)以(yi)桃為食,渡(du)過難關。后人(ren)便(bian)(bian)把桃樹(shu)稱之(zhi)為“恩(en)桃樹(shu)”,其(qi)(qi)果,即(ji)名“恩(en)桃”,流傳至今。
行至康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)底,一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)雄(xiong)關豁然迎面(mian)(mian)而(er)(er)立,高(gao)約8米余(yu),上(shang)(shang)設雉堞,堅如磐(pan)石。巨形拱(gong)門之上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)額枋一(yi)(yi)方,書“楚(chu)(chu)(chu)城(cheng)(cheng)”二字,兩側一(yi)(yi)聯:”楚(chu)(chu)(chu)雖三戶亡(wang)秦(qin)必楚(chu)(chu)(chu);秦(qin)唯二世起楚(chu)(chu)(chu)非秦(qin)”,高(gao)度(du)概括了秦(qin)滅(mie)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)、而(er)(er)秦(qin)僅歷(li)二世便被楚(chu)(chu)(chu)推翻的(de)(de)(de)(de)這段歷(li)史(shi),以(yi)及楚(chu)(chu)(chu)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)裔避難谷(gu)(gu)(gu)中,在(zai)此筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)實。進得城(cheng)(cheng)門,楚(chu)(chu)(chu)風撲(pu)面(mian)(mian)而(er)(er)來,有(you)(you)(you)懷念(nian)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)國忠臣三間大夫(fu)屈原的(de)(de)(de)(de)“大夫(fu)灘”,有(you)(you)(you)紀念(nian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)裔帶領(ling)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)人(ren)在(zai)此艱苦創業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)觀”。其(qi)建筑(zhu)造型(xing)以(yi)及附于建筑(zhu)之上(shang)(shang)棕(zong)褐(he)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)涂料(liao)等,均(jun)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)文化的(de)(de)(de)(de)氛(fen)圍(wei)與(yu)特色,因此,“康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)城(cheng)(cheng)”又稱(cheng)之為(wei)“楚(chu)(chu)(chu)城(cheng)(cheng)”。康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)又俗稱(cheng)廬山壟(long)(long),其(qi)壟(long)(long)底有(you)(you)(you)”上(shang)(shang)壟(long)(long)”與(yu)“下壟(long)(long)”之分,上(shang)(shang)壟(long)(long)村(cun)(cun)(cun)為(wei)督里錢(錢姓(xing)(xing)(xing))、杜家(jia)(吳(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing))、余(yu)家(jia)(余(yu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing))、帥家(jia)(帥姓(xing)(xing)(xing))、汪(wang)家(jia)(汪(wang)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)),下壟(long)(long)村(cun)(cun)(cun)為(wei)樓下村(cun)(cun)(cun)(吳(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing))、吳(wu)(wu)官村(cun)(cun)(cun)(吳(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)),烏龍村(cun)(cun)(cun)現稱(cheng)口上(shang)(shang)張(zhang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(張(zhang)姓(xing)(xing)(xing))。而(er)(er)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)簾泉對面(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)山,其(qi)山腰有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)村(cun)(cun)(cun)莊,叫(jiao)“半山康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)家(jia)”,這些村(cun)(cun)(cun)子均(jun)處康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)城(cheng)(cheng)內。據說,“半山康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)家(jia)”有(you)(you)(you)條祖訓:康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)得與(yu)熊(xiong)(xiong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)通(tong)婚。皆(jie)因康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)裔避難后(hou),改(gai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原故。康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)、熊(xiong)(xiong)二姓(xing)(xing)(xing)至今仍然保留(liu)著互不(bu)通(tong)婚的(de)(de)(de)(de)習俗。山谷(gu)(gu)(gu)盡頭乃崖壁險(xian)峭,有(you)(you)(you)潭名烏龍潭,匯聚筲箕(ji)(ji)洼之水。筲箕(ji)(ji)洼在(zai)篤里錢村(cun)(cun)(cun),有(you)(you)(you)小(xiao)道直達(da)漢陽峰。1938年,廬山孤軍被日(ri)軍所(suo)圍(wei),上(shang)(shang)山通(tong)道均(jun)被封鎖,蔣經國即縱穿(chuan)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)(gu)(gu),攀走筲箕(ji)(ji)洼,登上(shang)(shang)漢陽峰,舉行升旗儀式。
位于(yu)(yu)(yu)康(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)谷(gu)(gu)底(di),督里錢村右(you)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)方,與筲箕(ji)洼毗鄰。泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)源自(zi)漢(han)陽峰,據志書記(ji)載:“泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)西(xi)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)枕(zhen)石(shi)(shi)(shi)崖所阻,湍怒(nu)噴涌,散落紛(fen)紜,數(shu)十(shi)百(bai)縷,斑駁如玉(yu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian),懸注三(san)(san)百(bai)五十(shi)丈(zhang),故(gu)名(ming)(ming)谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。亦(yi)匡廬第一(yi)(yi)(yi)觀(guan)也(ye),”自(zi)從唐(tang)代陸(lu)羽(yu)尋訪廬山,踏(ta)勘此(ci)地(di),曾說“谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)”以(yi)來,吸引(yin)了(le)不少(shao)文化精(jing)英慕名(ming)(ming)而(er)至(zhi)。唐(tang)張又(you)新《謝山僧谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)》詩(shi):“消渴茂陵客,甘涼廬阜泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),瀉從千仞石(shi)(shi)(shi),寄送九江船。竹(zhu)柜新茶(cha)出(chu),銅鐺(dang)活火煎(jian),散花浮晚菊,沸(fei)沫響秋蟬。……超(chao)遞康(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)谷(gu)(gu),塵(chen)埃陸(lu)羽(yu)篇。何當結茅屋,長在(zai)(zai)水(shui)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)前。”宋陳舜愈《谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)》詩(shi):“玉(yu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)鋪水(shui)半天垂,行(xing)客尋山至(zhi)此(ci)稀;陸(lu)羽(yu)品題真黼黻,黃州吟詠盡(jin)珠璣。重來一(yi)(yi)(yi)酌非無分,未挈(qie)吾瓶(ping)可(ke)(ke)忍歸;終欲窮源登絕(jue)頂,帶(dai)云(yun)和(he)月(yue)弄清暉。”詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)把對(dui)(dui)谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)眷戀之(zhi)情發揮到(dao)(dao)(dao)極致。后任(ren)南康(kang)(kang)(kang)知(zhi)軍的(de)(de)朱熹則生(sheng)怕谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)過于(yu)(yu)(yu)寂寞,于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi),利用門身“地(di)方長官優勢”和(he)“名(ming)(ming)人(ren)(ren)效應”,在(zai)(zai)過觀(guan)口(kou)山門前行(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)里的(de)(de)地(di)方,也(ye)就是(shi)“回馬石(shi)(shi)(shi)”附近,用隸體書寫“谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”三(san)(san)字,刻于(yu)(yu)(yu)澗旁崖壁(bi)之(zhi)上(shang)(shang),以(yi)此(ci)招(zhao)徠(lai)游客。在(zai)(zai)世(shi)人(ren)(ren)眼(yan)中,谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)真容,千余(yu)年來,被(bei)定格在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種依稀的(de)(de)朦(meng)朧之(zhi)中。今天,我(wo)們(men)(men)終于(yu)(yu)(yu)揭開(kai)了(le)谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)新的(de)(de)世(shi)紀,那瑰偉(wei)絕(jue)特(te)的(de)(de)身姿(zi),那動人(ren)(ren)心魄的(de)(de)神韻,已經(jing)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)通過簡易便(bian)捷(jie)的(de)(de)登臨(lin),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)提供較好的(de)(de)審美視(shi)角。我(wo)們(men)(men)已經(jing)進入康(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)城,前行(xing)百(bai)余(yu)步,其(qi)(qi)右(you)側(ce)(ce)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)呈40度(du)(du)傾斜的(de)(de)花崗(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)階梯,百(bai)余(yu)級,拾級而(er)上(shang)(shang),至(zhi)山門,有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)檐(yan)式牌坊,四(si)柱三(san)(san)門,雄(xiong)奇挺(ting)拔,古拙素雅,額枋橫刻“天下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)第—泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”五字,靈秀飛(fei)動,遒勁飄逸。坊內一(yi)(yi)(yi)側(ce)(ce)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“陸(lu)羽(yu)茶(cha)莊”,另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)側(ce)(ce)則有(you)(you)“陸(lu)羽(yu)品茶(cha)碑”。沿著花崗(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)便(bian)道(dao)(dao)緩步前行(xing),山壁(bi)之(zhi)間(jian)及道(dao)(dao)旁巖石(shi)(shi)(shi)多有(you)(you)題刻。數(shu)度(du)(du)曲折,至(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)亭(ting)(ting),名(ming)(ming)“觀(guan)瀑(pu)亭(ting)(ting)”,四(si)角四(si)柱,立(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)危崖之(zhi)上(shang)(shang),單(dan)(dan)層(ceng),小巧,亭(ting)(ting)頂為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)垂直弧(hu)線形(xing),造型(xing)獨特(te)。站立(li)(li)亭(ting)(ting)中,谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)盡(jin)收眼(yan)底(di),這(zhe)(zhe)里是(shi)從側(ce)(ce)面(mian)(mian)觀(guan)瀑(pu)較好的(de)(de)位置。出(chu)亭(ting)(ting),下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)坡,兩度(du)(du)轉折,至(zhi)—單(dan)(dan)拱石(shi)(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao),石(shi)(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)橫臥(wo)澗溪之(zhi)上(shang)(shang),名(ming)(ming)“鴻漸(jian)橋(qiao)(qiao)”,陸(lu)羽(yu)字鴻漸(jian),是(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紀念這(zhe)(zhe)位“茶(cha)圣”發現(xian)此(ci)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)而(er)設。立(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)橋(qiao)(qiao)上(shang)(shang),谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)以(yi)全景式的(de)(de)立(li)(li)體畫面(mian)(mian)展現(xian)在(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)面(mian)(mian)前-過橋(qiao)(qiao),巖石(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)又(you)立(li)(li)一(yi)(yi)(yi)亭(ting)(ting),名(ming)(ming)“仰(yang)止亭(ting)(ting)”,六(liu)角六(liu)柱,分上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)兩層(ceng),雙檐(yan)飛(fei)翹(qiao),下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)層(ceng)有(you)(you)護欄(lan)(lan),欄(lan)(lan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)條凳,另(ling)辟石(shi)(shi)(shi)階至(zhi)上(shang)(shang)層(ceng),四(si)周(zhou)設腰欄(lan)(lan),有(you)(you)月(yue)形(xing)竹(zhu)聯一(yi)(yi)(yi)副:“谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)醉桃花源;仰(yang)止亭(ting)(ting)懷陸(lu)羽(yu)仙”,竹(zhu)聯為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鵝黃色,與亭(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)棕褐色形(xing)成鮮(xian)明(ming)反差,極為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)醒目。橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)方,怪石(shi)(shi)(shi)嶙峋,水(shui)行(xing)其(qi)(qi)間(jian),激浪飛(fei)濺。再下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),則一(yi)(yi)(yi)深潭(tan),相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)靜謐(mi)溫(wen)順,水(shui)溢潭(tan)外,復又(you)奔(ben)(ben)騰咆哮。潭(tan)壁(bi)有(you)(you)“高(gao)山流(liu)水(shui)”、“到(dao)(dao)(dao)此(ci)無塵(chen)”、“聽瀑(pu)”、“轟(hong)鳴不息”等石(shi)(shi)(shi)刻。瀑(pu)崖高(gao)數(shu)十(shi)米(mi),寬十(shi)幾米(mi),崖壁(bi)腹部(bu)平(ping)整稍凸,逐使飛(fei)瀑(pu)能依壁(bi)而(er)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)形(xing)成“簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)”式結構,“簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)”與“簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)”之(zhi)間(jian),以(yi)水(shui)柱相(xiang)隔,初分五道(dao)(dao),至(zhi)中部(bu),復成七道(dao)(dao),中無空隙,形(xing)成統一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)特(te)大(da)的(de)(de)“簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)”體。又(you)因(yin)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)流(liu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)瀉迅疾(ji),互相(xiang)磨擦碰撞,進發出(chu)千萬顆微型(xing)粒狀(zhuang)水(shui)珠,故(gu)人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)稱(cheng)其(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”,十(shi)分形(xing)象而(er)生(sheng)動地(di)概(gai)括了(le)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)奇觀(guan)。其(qi)(qi)左側(ce)(ce)崖壁(bi)刻“天下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”五個(ge)大(da)字,實在(zai)(zai)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)奇觀(guan)壯(zhuang)色的(de)(de)神來之(zhi)筆(bi)。從美學角度(du)(du)看,在(zai)(zai)觀(guan)瀑(pu)亭(ting)(ting)觀(guan)瀑(pu),有(you)(you)迷離朦(meng)朧之(zhi)美;在(zai)(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)觀(guan)瀑(pu),直面(mian)(mian)巨(ju)瀑(pu)飛(fei)流(liu)奔(ben)(ben)瀉而(er)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),則有(you)(you)雄(xiong)奇豪放之(zhi)美;立(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)仰(yang)止亭(ting)(ting)上(shang)(shang)層(ceng)觀(guan)瀑(pu),有(you)(you)淋漓通暢之(zhi)美;而(er)坐(zuo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)仰(yang)止亭(ting)(ting)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)層(ceng),身倚(yi)欄(lan)(lan)桿,悠閑(xian)仰(yang)觀(guan),則又(you)有(you)(you)飄逸飛(fei)動之(zhi)美。人(ren)(ren)與自(zi)然,在(zai)(zai)此(ci)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)高(gao)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)和(he)諧統一(yi)(yi)(yi)。
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