永(yong)安市貢(gong)川(chuan)(chuan)鎮位于永(yong)安市北(bei)郊,距城(cheng)18公里。貢(gong)川(chuan)(chuan),古(gu)(gu)名(ming)“貢(gong)堡”。據考(kao)古(gu)(gu)發(fa)現, 遠在新石器時(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)這里就有(you)人類活動;唐代(dai)(dai)貢(gong)川(chuan)(chuan)得到有(you)計劃的(de)開發(fa),宋(song)代(dai)(dai)達到輝煌時(shi)(shi)期,陳姓家(jia)族享有(you)“一門雙理學,九子(zi)十登科(ke)”的(de)美譽。福(fu)建宋(song)代(dai)(dai)理學“主心(xin)派”的(de)代(dai)(dai)表人物陳就是貢(gong)川(chuan)(chuan)人。為(wei)此,宋(song)高宗還特賜“大儒里”牌坊一座。明清兩(liang)代(dai)(dai),貢(gong)川(chuan)(chuan)進士、舉人、貢(gong)生迭出,是名(ming)人薈萃,文化燦(can)爛的(de)鐘靈毓秀之地(di)。
環繞貢(gong)(gong)川古鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)沙(sha)溪(xi)、胡貢(gong)(gong)溪(xi)兩(liang)(liang)條(tiao)(tiao)河(he)流(liu), 一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)自南(nan)向北,一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)從西到東(dong),兩(liang)(liang)溪(xi)在貢(gong)(gong)川南(nan)門處(chu)交(jiao)匯。在胡貢(gong)(gong)溪(xi)的(de)(de)水(shui)尾處(chu)建有(you)(you)一(yi)座古老的(de)(de)橋(qiao)梁(liang),她(ta)象(xiang)一(yi)道美(mei)麗的(de)(de)彩(cai)虹,連(lian)接貢(gong)(gong)堡與(yu)巫峽頭(tou)兩(liang)(liang)地(di)。雨(yu)季時節(jie),胡貢(gong)(gong)溪(xi)水(shui)較(jiao)渾濁,沙(sha)溪(xi)水(shui)較(jiao)清(qing)澈(che),交(jiao)會(hui)處(chu)涇渭分明,因而貢(gong)(gong)川人(ren)將這座橋(qiao)梁(liang)冠名為“會(hui)清(qing)”.會(hui)清(qing)橋(qiao)上(shang)還(huan)保留有(you)(you)一(yi)幅明代進士羅明祖撰寫的(de)(de)嵌字對聯:會(hui)極環瞻星(xing)北拱,清(qing)波永奠(dian)水(shui)東(dong)流(liu)。
會清橋歷(li)史悠久,會清橋屋(wu)有(you)11間,56根木(mu)柱,南北(bei)兩端設(she)有(you)門(men)樓(lou),中(zhong)部是(shi)(shi)升(sheng)起的橋亭(ting),布局勻稱(cheng)(cheng),規矩(ju)嚴整。門(men)樓(lou)為四面坡屋(wu)頂,飛檐(yan)翹角(jiao),正脊上矗立一對“魚吻”。傳說魚會吐(tu)水,有(you)防火(huo)之功能;橋亭(ting)是(shi)(shi)單檐(yan)歇山式屋(wu)頂,正脊上也有(you)魚吻,橋亭(ting)下(xia)為方(fang)型(xing)藻(zao)井(jing)(jing),藻(zao)井(jing)(jing)天(tian)花板上繪有(you)“雙龍(long)搶珠”彩(cai)畫。藻(zao)井(jing)(jing)下(xia)方(fang)便是(shi)(shi)神龕,內供“真(zhen)(zhen)武大帝”。真(zhen)(zhen)武又(you)稱(cheng)(cheng)“玄(xuan)武”,是(shi)(shi)道教的北(bei)方(fang)神,又(you)是(shi)(shi)水神,橋亭(ting)上祀奉真(zhen)(zhen)武是(shi)(shi)為了鎮守水尾,以(yi)期“清波永奠(dian)”。
橋(qiao)屋(wu)梁(liang)架簡潔,斗(dou)拱形式多樣,表(biao)現出古(gu)代(dai)工匠杰出的(de)(de)建筑藝(yi)術(shu)和(he)技(ji)巧。橋(qiao)屋(wu)采(cai)取五架抬(tai)梁(liang)式,斗(dou)拱則有“一(yi)斗(dou)三升”、“角背拱”、“駝峰拱”、“如意(yi)拱”等,它(ta)們不但有著(zhu)實際功能,還(huan)有著(zhu)較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)作用。橋(qiao)屋(wu)門(men)樓的(de)(de)屋(wu)檐之下,我們還(huan)可見(jian)到(dao)泥塑和(he)彩(cai)繪。裝(zhuang)飾(shi)藝(yi)術(shu)的(de)(de)融入,使得(de)會清橋(qiao)愈發顯得(de)絢麗多姿,品位不俗。