翡(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是翡(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)的(de)(de)綠色(se)(se)與透(tou)明度的(de)(de)總稱,也是翡(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)結構與質地的(de)(de)表現形式,是評價翡(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)優劣(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)一個極(ji)重要的(de)(de)標志(zhi)。懂得欣賞翡(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)的(de)(de)人,非常重視選擇(ze)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)翡(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui),有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)人似乎將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)看得比顏色(se)(se)還重要,故有(you)(you)(you)“外行(xing)看色(se)(se),內行(xing)看種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”之說。行(xing)內還有(you)(you)(you)句話就是“種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)好(hao)(hao)遮三(san)丑”,指的(de)(de)是有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)翡(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)不(bu)但可使(shi)顏色(se)(se)淺的(de)(de)翡(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)顯得晶瑩漂(piao)亮,而(er)且(qie)可使(shi)不(bu)夠(gou)均(jun)勻的(de)(de)顏色(se)(se)由于相(xiang)互映(ying)照而(er)顯得均(jun)勻,更(geng)可使(shi)質地不(bu)夠(gou)細的(de)(de)翡(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)顯得不(bu)明顯。所以有(you)(you)(you)經驗(yan)的(de)(de)行(xing)家(jia)都很注(zhu)重翡(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)優劣(lie)(lie)。翡(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)原(yuan)料(liao),尤其(qi)是做手鐲的(de)(de)原(yuan)料(liao),不(bu)怕沒有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se),就怕沒有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
傳統上(shang)一般將翡(fei)(fei)翠分(fen)為老(lao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、老(lao)新(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和新(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),也有的稱為老(lao)坑種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、舊坑種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和新(xin)坑種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。老(lao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就是指(zhi)(zhi)那些結構致(zhi)密,綠色純正、分(fen)布均(jun)勻、質地細(xi)膩、透(tou)明度好、硬度大的一類翡(fei)(fei)翠;新(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)指(zhi)(zhi)翡(fei)(fei)翠的玉質疏松,透(tou)明度差,晶體顆粒較粗(cu),肉眼能見翠性;老(lao)新(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)則介于(yu)二者之(zhi)間(jian)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的新(xin)老(lao)并(bing)不(bu)代表翡(fei)(fei)翠形成時間(jian)的早晚,而是反映了翡(fei)(fei)翠后期改造的完全與否。
根據翡(fei)翠(cui)的色,透(tou)明度和質地等特征(zheng),也可將翡(fei)翠(cui)的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分為老(lao)坑玻璃種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、冰(bing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、芙蓉種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、金絲種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、干青種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、花青種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、豆(dou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、油青種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、馬牙種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等等。
芙蓉(rong)種翡翠有幾分芙蓉(rong)花的(de)氣(qi)韻。芙蓉(rong)種翡翠綠(lv)色清淡(dan)、柔純、綠(lv)得清澈純正,其(qi)顏(yan)色一般為淡(dan)綠(lv)色,不帶黃色調(diao),綠(lv)得較(jiao)純正,通體色澤一致,因此使人感(gan)到比較(jiao)清澈。芙蓉(rong)種翡翠底子略帶粉(fen)紅(hong)色,如(ru)果(guo)出現幾條深綠(lv)色的(de)“痕”,就(jiu)叫“芙蓉(rong)起青根。”如(ru)果(guo)出現不規(gui)則的(de)綠(lv)色“痕”,就(jiu)叫“花青芙蓉(rong)種”。
芙(fu)(fu)蓉種翡翠(cui)的質(zhi)地比豆種細,結(jie)構略有顆(ke)粒感,卻又看(kan)不到顆(ke)粒的界(jie)限。呈(cheng)透明(ming)至半透明(ming),雖不如(ru)玻璃種,但也不遜于冰種,色雖不濃卻清(qing)澈,所以價格適中(zhong),容易(yi)被一般人(ren)接(jie)受。如(ru)果其中(zhong)有深綠(lv)色的脈則稱作“芙(fu)(fu)蓉起青根”,其中(zhong)分布有不規則較深的綠(lv)色時又稱作“花青芙(fu)(fu)蓉種”。
由于顏色(se)較(jiao)淡,所(suo)以(yi)將芙蓉(rong)種翡(fei)(fei)翠制成(cheng)手鐲是上(shang)上(shang)之選,芙蓉(rong)種翡(fei)(fei)翠手鐲很(hen)少有綹裂和雜(za)質,顏色(se)清(qing)爽,質地較(jiao)細,透明度較(jiao)高,雖然(ran)每項指(zhi)標(biao)都不是頂(ding)級,但組合在一起(qi)卻(que)效果奇(qi)佳,而價格也(ye)只能(neng)算(suan)中等偏(pian)上(shang),非常(chang)適合中、青年女士佩(pei)戴(dai)。當然(ran),芙蓉(rong)種翡(fei)(fei)翠也(ye)可雕刻成(cheng)佩(pei)飾(shi)、墜飾(shi)等,特點是少作雕工,金(jin)保(bao)留大光面,以(yi)體現其整體的種水與顏色(se)和諧搭配(pei)的美觀效果,芙蓉(rong)種翡(fei)(fei)翠屬中高檔翡(fei)(fei)翠。
光澤
翡翠(cui)呈現(xian)(xian)玻(bo)璃光(guang)澤(ze),半透(tou)(tou)明(ming)或透(tou)(tou)明(ming)。翡翠(cui)因含(han)(han)有(you)不同的(de)(de)染(ran)色(se)離子(zi)而(er)呈現(xian)(xian)各種(zhong)顏色(se):通常有(you)白(bai)、紅、綠、紫(zi)。黃、粉等(deng)。純凈無雜(za)質(zhi)者為(wei)白(bai)色(se),若含(han)(han)有(you)鉻元(yuan)素,則(ze)呈現(xian)(xian)出(chu)柔潤艷(yan)麗的(de)(de)淡綠、深綠色(se),名(ming)之為(wei)翠(cui)。此品種(zhong)最為(wei)名(ming)貴,極受人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)珍視喜愛。若含(han)(han)錳則(ze)呈現(xian)(xian)淡紫(zi)色(se)、深紫(zi)色(se),常稱(cheng)為(wei)春地或藕粉地。含(han)(han)鐵元(yuan)素,則(ze)呈現(xian)(xian)暗紅、褐紅、赭紅色(se),被(bei)人(ren)們(men)稱(cheng)為(wei)翡。含(han)(han)鉻和銅(tong)元(yuan)素,則(ze)呈現(xian)(xian)淡藍、淡青色(se),人(ren)稱(cheng)橄欖水(shui)。高檔(dang)翡翠(cui)除(chu)顏色(se)好之外,質(zhi)地也極其重要。一(yi)般顏色(se)鮮嫩漂亮,質(zhi)地較透(tou)(tou)明(ming),玻(bo)璃光(guang)澤(ze)強者為(wei)上(shang)品。相反,質(zhi)地發干,透(tou)(tou)明(ming)度(du)較差(cha)的(de)(de)品種(zhong)次之。
透明度
翡翠是(shi)多晶體(ti),多數為半透(tou)(tou)明,甚至不透(tou)(tou)明。不可能(neng)象單(dan)晶體(ti)寶石如祖母(mu)綠那樣透(tou)(tou)明,使光線(xian)可以自由透(tou)(tou)過(guo),顯(xian)得很晶瑩。
結構
指的(de)是組(zu)成翡翠(cui)的(de)結(jie)(jie)晶微(wei)粒(li)的(de)粗細,結(jie)(jie)晶體(ti)的(de)形狀及其結(jie)(jie)合的(de)方式。行話稱(cheng)(cheng)結(jie)(jie)構為(wei)“底(di)”,有(you)稱(cheng)(cheng)“地”。
凈度
翡(fei)翠與其(qi)他(ta)寶石一樣,凈度是(shi)評(ping)估價(jia)值(zhi)的(de)一大因素(su),翡(fei)翠的(de)瑕疵(ci),主要是(shi)白色(se)和(he)黑色(se)。在評(ping)價(jia)翡(fei)翠時,根據瑕疵(ci)對翡(fei)翠美觀造成的(de)損害程(cheng)度來決定(ding)翡(fei)翠的(de)價(jia)值(zhi)。對高(gao)檔貨來說,瑕疵(ci)是(shi)嚴重的(de)缺(que)憾,而對中、低檔貨來說,影響(xiang)會小得多(duo)。