翡(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)的(de)種(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)翡(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)的(de)綠(lv)色(se)與透明度(du)的(de)總稱,也是(shi)(shi)(shi)翡(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)結構(gou)與質地(di)的(de)表(biao)現形式,是(shi)(shi)(shi)評(ping)價翡(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)優劣(lie)的(de)一個極重(zhong)要的(de)標志。懂得(de)欣賞翡(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)的(de)人,非常重(zhong)視選擇種(zhong)好的(de)翡(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui),有(you)(you)的(de)人似乎(hu)將種(zhong)看(kan)得(de)比顏(yan)色(se)還重(zhong)要,故(gu)有(you)(you)“外行看(kan)色(se),內行看(kan)種(zhong)”之說。行內還有(you)(you)句(ju)話就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“種(zhong)好遮三丑”,指的(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)種(zhong)的(de)翡(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)不但可使(shi)顏(yan)色(se)淺(qian)的(de)翡(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)顯(xian)得(de)晶瑩(ying)漂亮,而且可使(shi)不夠(gou)均(jun)勻(yun)的(de)顏(yan)色(se)由于相互映(ying)照而顯(xian)得(de)均(jun)勻(yun),更可使(shi)質地(di)不夠(gou)細(xi)的(de)翡(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)顯(xian)得(de)不明顯(xian)。所以有(you)(you)經驗(yan)的(de)行家都很注重(zhong)翡(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)種(zhong)的(de)優劣(lie)。翡(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)原(yuan)料(liao),尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)做(zuo)手鐲的(de)原(yuan)料(liao),不怕沒有(you)(you)色(se),就(jiu)怕沒有(you)(you)種(zhong)。
傳統上一般將翡(fei)翠(cui)(cui)分為(wei)老(lao)種(zhong)(zhong)、老(lao)新種(zhong)(zhong)和新種(zhong)(zhong),也有的(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)為(wei)老(lao)坑(keng)種(zhong)(zhong)、舊坑(keng)種(zhong)(zhong)和新坑(keng)種(zhong)(zhong)。老(lao)種(zhong)(zhong)就是指那些(xie)結(jie)構致(zhi)密,綠色純正、分布均勻、質地細膩、透明度(du)好、硬(ying)度(du)大的(de)(de)(de)一類翡(fei)翠(cui)(cui);新種(zhong)(zhong)指翡(fei)翠(cui)(cui)的(de)(de)(de)玉質疏松,透明度(du)差(cha),晶體顆粒較粗(cu),肉眼能見翠(cui)(cui)性;老(lao)新種(zhong)(zhong)則(ze)介于二(er)者之間。種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)新老(lao)并不(bu)代表翡(fei)翠(cui)(cui)形成時間的(de)(de)(de)早晚(wan),而(er)是反映了翡(fei)翠(cui)(cui)后期改(gai)造的(de)(de)(de)完全與否。
根(gen)據翡(fei)翠的(de)色,透明度和質地等(deng)特征,也可(ke)將翡(fei)翠的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分為老坑玻璃(li)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、冰種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、芙蓉種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、金(jin)絲種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、干青(qing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、花(hua)青(qing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、豆種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、油青(qing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、馬(ma)牙種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)等(deng)。
芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)種(zhong)翡翠(cui)有幾分芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)花的氣韻(yun)。芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)種(zhong)翡翠(cui)綠(lv)(lv)色清淡、柔純(chun)、綠(lv)(lv)得(de)清澈純(chun)正,其顏色一般為(wei)淡綠(lv)(lv)色,不帶黃色調,綠(lv)(lv)得(de)較純(chun)正,通體色澤一致,因此使人(ren)感到比較清澈。芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)種(zhong)翡翠(cui)底子(zi)略帶粉紅色,如果(guo)出(chu)現幾條(tiao)深綠(lv)(lv)色的“痕”,就(jiu)叫(jiao)(jiao)“芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)起(qi)青(qing)根。”如果(guo)出(chu)現不規則的綠(lv)(lv)色“痕”,就(jiu)叫(jiao)(jiao)“花青(qing)芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)種(zhong)”。
芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)種(zhong)(zhong)翡(fei)翠(cui)的質地比豆種(zhong)(zhong)細,結(jie)構略有(you)(you)顆(ke)粒(li)感(gan),卻(que)又看不(bu)到(dao)顆(ke)粒(li)的界(jie)限。呈透(tou)(tou)明至半透(tou)(tou)明,雖不(bu)如(ru)玻璃(li)種(zhong)(zhong),但也(ye)不(bu)遜于冰種(zhong)(zhong),色(se)雖不(bu)濃卻(que)清澈,所(suo)以(yi)價(jia)格適中,容(rong)易被一般人接受(shou)。如(ru)果其(qi)中有(you)(you)深(shen)綠色(se)的脈則稱作“芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)起(qi)青(qing)根”,其(qi)中分布有(you)(you)不(bu)規則較深(shen)的綠色(se)時又稱作“花青(qing)芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)種(zhong)(zhong)”。
由于顏色較(jiao)淡,所(suo)以將芙蓉種(zhong)翡(fei)翠(cui)制(zhi)成手(shou)鐲是(shi)(shi)上上之選,芙蓉種(zhong)翡(fei)翠(cui)手(shou)鐲很(hen)少(shao)有綹裂和雜質,顏色清爽,質地較(jiao)細,透(tou)明度較(jiao)高,雖然(ran)每項指標都不是(shi)(shi)頂級,但組合(he)(he)在一起卻效(xiao)果奇佳,而價格也只能(neng)算中等(deng)偏(pian)上,非常適(shi)合(he)(he)中、青年女士佩戴。當(dang)然(ran),芙蓉種(zhong)翡(fei)翠(cui)也可雕刻成佩飾(shi)、墜飾(shi)等(deng),特點是(shi)(shi)少(shao)作雕工(gong),金保留大光(guang)面,以體現其整體的種(zhong)水與顏色和諧搭配的美觀(guan)效(xiao)果,芙蓉種(zhong)翡(fei)翠(cui)屬中高檔翡(fei)翠(cui)。
光澤
翡(fei)翠(cui)呈(cheng)現玻(bo)璃光澤,半透明或透明。翡(fei)翠(cui)因(yin)含(han)有不同的(de)(de)染(ran)色(se)(se)離子而呈(cheng)現各種(zhong)顏色(se)(se):通常有白、紅、綠、紫(zi)。黃、粉等。純凈無雜質者為(wei)(wei)(wei)白色(se)(se),若(ruo)含(han)有鉻元素(su),則呈(cheng)現出柔潤艷麗的(de)(de)淡綠、深綠色(se)(se),名之為(wei)(wei)(wei)翠(cui)。此品種(zhong)最(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)名貴,極受人們(men)的(de)(de)珍視喜愛。若(ruo)含(han)錳則呈(cheng)現淡紫(zi)色(se)(se)、深紫(zi)色(se)(se),常稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)春地(di)或藕粉地(di)。含(han)鐵元素(su),則呈(cheng)現暗紅、褐紅、赭紅色(se)(se),被人們(men)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)翡(fei)。含(han)鉻和(he)銅元素(su),則呈(cheng)現淡藍、淡青色(se)(se),人稱(cheng)橄欖(lan)水。高(gao)檔翡(fei)翠(cui)除顏色(se)(se)好之外,質地(di)也(ye)極其重(zhong)要。一般顏色(se)(se)鮮嫩漂(piao)亮,質地(di)較(jiao)透明,玻(bo)璃光澤強(qiang)者為(wei)(wei)(wei)上品。相反,質地(di)發(fa)干,透明度較(jiao)差的(de)(de)品種(zhong)次之。
透明度
翡翠是多(duo)晶體(ti),多(duo)數(shu)為半透明(ming),甚至不(bu)透明(ming)。不(bu)可(ke)能象單晶體(ti)寶石如(ru)祖母(mu)綠那樣透明(ming),使光線可(ke)以自由透過,顯得很(hen)晶瑩。
結構
指的(de)是組成翡(fei)翠的(de)結晶(jing)微(wei)粒(li)的(de)粗細(xi),結晶(jing)體的(de)形狀及其結合的(de)方式(shi)。行話(hua)稱結構為“底”,有稱“地”。
凈度
翡(fei)(fei)翠與其他寶石一(yi)樣,凈度是(shi)評(ping)估價(jia)(jia)值的(de)一(yi)大因素,翡(fei)(fei)翠的(de)瑕(xia)(xia)疵,主要是(shi)白色和黑色。在評(ping)價(jia)(jia)翡(fei)(fei)翠時,根據瑕(xia)(xia)疵對翡(fei)(fei)翠美觀造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)損害程度來(lai)決定(ding)翡(fei)(fei)翠的(de)價(jia)(jia)值。對高檔貨(huo)來(lai)說,瑕(xia)(xia)疵是(shi)嚴重的(de)缺憾,而對中(zhong)、低檔貨(huo)來(lai)說,影(ying)響會小得多(duo)。