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基本介紹

老君(jun)洞(dong)(dong)又名(ming)(ming)(ming)“真(zhen)(zhen)仙(xian)(xian)巖”、“靈巖”。位于融水苗族(zu)自治(zhi)縣城南1.5公(gong)(gong)里處，整個景區占地(di)10多公(gong)(gong)頃．有溶洞(dong)(dong)2個，洞(dong)(dong)口高約(yue)20米，寬約(yue)30米，縱(zong)深50米。洞(dong)(dong)內原有由(you)鐘(zhong)石(shi)自然(ran)凝成高達(da)7米多的老君(jun)像(xiang)，白發銀(yin)須(xu)，栩栩如生,老君(jun)洞(dong)(dong)因此(ci)得(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。宋代(dai)，洞(dong)(dong)中(zhong)建有真(zhen)(zhen)仙(xian)(xian)閣，此(ci)閣早(zao)已廢毀，只留存宋，元、明(ming)、清(qing)(qing)、民國碑刻136方。這些(xie)石(shi)刻有題記、詩(shi)文(wen)、詩(shi)賦、卜辭、書(shu)榜、圖像(xiang)等，字(zi)體則篆、棣、真(zhen)(zhen)、草均含。形(xing)式(shi)多樣，內容豐富，為(wei)歷(li)代(dai)學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)所(suo)重視。明(ming)代(dai)地(di)理學(xue)(xue)家(jia)、旅行家(jia)徐弘祖(zu)（徐霞客(ke)）到融水，在真(zhen)(zhen)仙(xian)(xian)巖住(zhu)了長達(da)13天之久，其(qi)主要活動就拓制(zhi)收集洞(dong)(dong)中(zhong)的石(shi)刻作(zuo)品。清(qing)(qing)代(dai)著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)金(jin)學(xue)(xue)家(jia)王昶(chang)撰輯(ji)《金(jin)石(shi)萃編》、陸(lu)增(zeng)祥撰輯(ji)《八瓊室金(jin)石(shi)補(bu)正》及(ji)名(ming)(ming)(ming)宦(huan)，學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)謝(xie)啟昆(kun)編撰《粵西金(jin)石(shi)略》，均對真(zhen)(zhen)仙(xian)(xian)巖石(shi)刻有所(suo)著(zhu)錄(lu)。據嘉慶《廣(guang)西通志》卷二(er)百六(liu)十引明(ming)人(ren)曹學(xue)(xue)佺《輿地(di)名(ming)(ming)(ming)勝志》稱：“靈巖山又名(ming)(ming)(ming)老君(jun)洞(dong)(dong)，宋咸(xian)平中(zhong)改名(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)真(zhen)(zhen)仙(xian)(xian)巖，頒太(tai)宗御書(shu)百二(er)十軸藏(zang)于內”，今存“瑞云、西江、精忠、頤堂”八字(zi)四(si)石(shi)，即為(wei)當時真(zhen)(zhen)仙(xian)(xian)閣所(suo)藏(zang)作(zuo)品。

老君(jun)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是融(rong)州古八景之(zhi)首，堪稱(cheng)“水月洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)天(tian)”。清(qing)澈婉(wan)蜒的(de)靈(ling)壽溪(xi)(xi)自洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)背穿山而(er)過．流(liu)(liu)經(jing)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中的(de)部分(fen)長約(yue)300米(mi)。乘小舟自后(hou)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)順流(liu)(liu)而(er)下(xia)，可(ke)一覽全洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)風光，觀賞(shang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中石(shi)(shi)壁上(shang)的(de)摩崖石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)及千(qian)姿(zi)百態的(de)鐘(zhong)乳石(shi)(shi)。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口古木參天(tian)，濃蔭蔽日，兩座宋(song)(song)代建造(zao)的(de)古石(shi)(shi)橋在洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口跨溪(xi)(xi)而(er)臥，其(qi)橋造(zao)型美觀，結構精(jing)巧，目前仍可(ke)通行汽車(che)。相(xiang)傳太(tai)上(shang)老君(jun)南(nan)游(you)融(rong)嶺至(zhi)此洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，竟流(liu)(liu)連忘返，對(dui)人說：“此洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)乃(nai)天(tian)之(zhi)絕勝(sheng)也，山石(shi)(shi)磺石(shi)(shi)元，溪(xi)(xi)流(liu)(liu)清(qing)邃，不(bu)復西度流(liu)(liu)沙。我當隱焉”，于是化(hua)身為(wei)石(shi)(shi)，永留洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中。此洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)因此得名(ming)，并成為(wei)全國道教圣地(di)“三十(shi)六洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)天(tian)”之(zhi)一。宋(song)(song)紹(shao)興年間，著名(ming)詩(shi)人、狀元張孝祥游(you)覽此洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，贊嘆不(bu)已，稱(cheng)之(zhi)為(wei)“天(tian)下(xia)第一真仙之(zhi)巖(yan)”。宋(song)(song)太(tai)宗頒御書120軸藏于洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內，并敕修此洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)“真仙巖(yan)”。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內滿壁題刻(ke)，僅宋(song)(song)碑就(jiu)有(you)17塊之(zhi)多。其(qi)中岳飛麾(hui)下(xia)獨臂(bei)將軍王佐所題的(de)“真仙洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”，字(zi)徑(jing)尺(chi)半，筆力挺拔。而(er)北(bei)宋(song)(song)元祜黨人沈千(qian)曾孫沈所立的(de)“元祜黨籍碑”，尤為(wei)珍(zhen)貴。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中之(zhi)景美不(bu)勝(sheng)收(shou)，有(you)天(tian)柱石(shi)(shi)星、金線吊葫(hu)蘆(lu)、鶴巖(yan)旭日、群(qun)峰來秀、仙翁對(dui)弈(yi)等。有(you)一拔地(di)而(er)起(qi)的(de)鼓形乳石(shi)(shi)，輕(qing)拍響如鐘(zhong)聲，鐘(zhong)聲上(shang)傳，倒懸的(de)石(shi)(shi)乳會馬上(shang)回音，由近及遠，回鳴不(bu)息，深深扣動人的(de)心弦。

老君洞(dong)景(jing)區原建有規模完整的三清(qing)殿、御書閣、紫薇(wei)閣、報恩寺、歲寒(han)軒、鴻音樓(lou)、麓石塔、清(qing)風亭(ting)、望遠亭(ting)堤五百(bai)羅漢豐都山等(deng)(deng)亭(ting)臺(tai)樓(lou)閣以及老君天然(ran)鐘(zhong)乳石像等(deng)(deng)。由(you)于歷史的原因(yin)，不少景(jing)點設施已(yi)遭毀壞，目前有關部(bu)門已(yi)經著手進(jin)行(xing)修復，開發了(le)隱仙洞(dong)、水月洞(dong)、羊角(jiao)洞(dong)，并新建了(le)盆景(jing)園、桃花園、荷花池(chi)、徐霞客(ke)雕像等(deng)(deng)供瀏(liu)覽觀光。

老君洞(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)園(yuan)林宗教設(she)施始建于唐，興盛(sheng)于宋，唐宋以(yi)(yi)來(lai)，很(hen)多文人墨(mo)客(ke)在洞(dong)(dong)內留下(xia)(xia)了大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)詩(shi)文、游記(ji)(ji)、碑(bei)(bei)刻、摩巖(yan)刻一(yi)百多處(chu)，是(shi)珍貴的(de)(de)歷史文化遺產，宋太(tai)宗親頒“御(yu)書碑(bei)(bei)”120軸藏于洞(dong)(dong)內，并敕封老君洞(dong)(dong)為“真(zhen)(zhen)仙巖(yan)”。明(ming)朝旅行家(jia)徐霞(xia)客(ke)曾在此洞(dong)(dong)住(zhu)了13天，這是(shi)他(ta)(ta)30年旅行活動(dong)(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)在一(yi)個洞(dong)(dong)內住(zhu)得最(zui)久的(de)(de)一(yi)次(ci)，并寫下(xia)(xia)了5000字游記(ji)(ji)，生動(dong)(dong)描述了老君洞(dong)(dong)山光水(shui)色及傳奇神(shen)話。他(ta)(ta)高舉火把(ba)進洞(dong)(dong)覽勝，遇到(dao)(dao)一(yi)條頭尾(wei)鉆(zhan)到(dao)(dao)石(shi)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)巨蟒攔路，他(ta)(ta)抬腳跨過，蛇蟒竟紋絲不(bu)動(dong)(dong)，可見暗洞(dong)(dong)幽深。站(zhan)在洞(dong)(dong)內溪流的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)段，可以(yi)(yi)看到(dao)(dao)真(zhen)(zhen)仙巖(yan)的(de)(de)前門和后門，都(dou)是(shi)由山石(shi)自成方圓，陽光照耀在小(xiao)溪的(de)(de)兩頭，仿佛兩輪皎月躍出水(shui)面。這“水(shui)月洞(dong)(dong)天”的(de)(de)壯(zhuang)觀，使徐霞(xia)客(ke)不(bu)禁贊道：“真(zhen)(zhen)仙為天下(xia)(xia)第(di)一(yi)，此景真(zhen)(zhen)仙第(di)一(yi)也(ye)！”宋代名詩(shi)人范成大(da)在《佳誨巖(yan)洞(dong)(dong)記(ji)(ji)》中(zhong)(zhong)贊曰：“融州有靈巖(yan)真(zhen)(zhen)仙洞(dong)(dong)，世(shi)傳不(bu)下(xia)(xia)桂(gui)林”。