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基本介紹

老君洞(dong)(dong)(dong)又(you)名(ming)“真(zhen)(zhen)仙巖”、“靈(ling)巖”。位于融水(shui)苗族自治縣(xian)城南(nan)1.5公里處，整個(ge)景區占地10多公頃．有(you)(you)(you)溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)2個(ge)，洞(dong)(dong)(dong)口(kou)高約(yue)20米，寬約(yue)30米，縱深(shen)50米。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)原有(you)(you)(you)由鐘(zhong)石(shi)自然(ran)凝成高達7米多的老君像(xiang)，白發銀(yin)須，栩栩如生,老君洞(dong)(dong)(dong)因(yin)此(ci)得(de)名(ming)。宋代，洞(dong)(dong)(dong)中建有(you)(you)(you)真(zhen)(zhen)仙閣，此(ci)閣早已廢毀，只留存(cun)宋，元、明(ming)、清、民國(guo)碑(bei)刻(ke)(ke)136方。這些石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)(you)題記、詩(shi)文(wen)、詩(shi)賦、卜辭、書(shu)榜、圖像(xiang)等，字體(ti)則(ze)篆、棣、真(zhen)(zhen)、草均含。形式多樣，內(nei)容豐富，為(wei)歷代學(xue)者所重(zhong)視。明(ming)代地理學(xue)家、旅行家徐(xu)弘(hong)祖（徐(xu)霞客）到融水(shui)，在真(zhen)(zhen)仙巖住了長達13天(tian)之久，其(qi)主要活動就拓制收集洞(dong)(dong)(dong)中的石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)作品。清代著名(ming)金(jin)學(xue)家王昶撰輯《金(jin)石(shi)萃編》、陸增祥撰輯《八瓊室金(jin)石(shi)補正》及名(ming)宦，學(xue)者謝啟昆(kun)編撰《粵西(xi)金(jin)石(shi)略》，均對真(zhen)(zhen)仙巖石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)(you)所著錄。據嘉(jia)慶《廣西(xi)通志(zhi)(zhi)》卷二(er)百(bai)六十引明(ming)人曹學(xue)佺《輿地名(ming)勝志(zhi)(zhi)》稱：“靈(ling)巖山(shan)又(you)名(ming)老君洞(dong)(dong)(dong)，宋咸平(ping)中改名(ming)為(wei)真(zhen)(zhen)仙巖，頒太宗(zong)御(yu)書(shu)百(bai)二(er)十軸藏于內(nei)”，今存(cun)“瑞(rui)云、西(xi)江、精忠(zhong)、頤堂”八字四石(shi)，即為(wei)當時真(zhen)(zhen)仙閣所藏作品。

老君(jun)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)是融州古(gu)八景(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首，堪稱(cheng)“水月洞(dong)(dong)(dong)天(tian)”。清澈(che)婉(wan)蜒的(de)(de)靈壽溪(xi)自洞(dong)(dong)(dong)背(bei)穿山(shan)而(er)過．流經洞(dong)(dong)(dong)中的(de)(de)部分長約300米。乘(cheng)小舟自后洞(dong)(dong)(dong)順流而(er)下，可一(yi)覽全(quan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)風(feng)光，觀賞洞(dong)(dong)(dong)中石(shi)(shi)壁上的(de)(de)摩(mo)崖石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)及千(qian)姿百態的(de)(de)鐘(zhong)乳石(shi)(shi)。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)口(kou)古(gu)木參天(tian)，濃蔭蔽日(ri)，兩座宋代建造的(de)(de)古(gu)石(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)在洞(dong)(dong)(dong)口(kou)跨溪(xi)而(er)臥，其(qi)橋(qiao)造型美觀，結構精巧，目前仍可通行汽車(che)。相傳(chuan)太上老君(jun)南游融嶺至(zhi)此(ci)(ci)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)，竟(jing)流連(lian)忘返，對(dui)人(ren)說(shuo)：“此(ci)(ci)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)乃天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)絕勝(sheng)也(ye)，山(shan)石(shi)(shi)磺石(shi)(shi)元(yuan)，溪(xi)流清邃，不(bu)復西(xi)度流沙。我(wo)當隱焉”，于(yu)是化身為(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)，永留洞(dong)(dong)(dong)中。此(ci)(ci)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)因此(ci)(ci)得名，并成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)全(quan)國道(dao)教(jiao)圣地“三十六洞(dong)(dong)(dong)天(tian)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。宋紹興年間，著(zhu)名詩人(ren)、狀元(yuan)張(zhang)孝祥(xiang)游覽此(ci)(ci)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)，贊(zan)嘆不(bu)已，稱(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)“天(tian)下第一(yi)真仙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)巖(yan)(yan)”。宋太宗頒御書(shu)120軸藏于(yu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)，并敕(chi)修此(ci)(ci)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)“真仙巖(yan)(yan)”。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)滿壁題刻(ke)，僅(jin)宋碑就(jiu)有17塊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)。其(qi)中岳飛(fei)麾下獨臂將軍王佐(zuo)所(suo)題的(de)(de)“真仙洞(dong)(dong)(dong)”，字徑尺(chi)半，筆力挺(ting)拔(ba)。而(er)北宋元(yuan)祜(hu)黨人(ren)沈(shen)(shen)千(qian)曾孫沈(shen)(shen)所(suo)立的(de)(de)“元(yuan)祜(hu)黨籍碑”，尤為(wei)(wei)珍貴。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)(jing)美不(bu)勝(sheng)收，有天(tian)柱石(shi)(shi)星、金線(xian)吊葫蘆、鶴巖(yan)(yan)旭日(ri)、群(qun)峰來秀、仙翁對(dui)弈等(deng)。有一(yi)拔(ba)地而(er)起(qi)的(de)(de)鼓(gu)形乳石(shi)(shi)，輕(qing)拍響如鐘(zhong)聲(sheng)，鐘(zhong)聲(sheng)上傳(chuan)，倒懸(xuan)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)乳會馬上回(hui)音，由近及遠，回(hui)鳴不(bu)息，深深扣動人(ren)的(de)(de)心(xin)弦。

老君(jun)洞景區原(yuan)建有(you)規(gui)模完整(zheng)的三清殿、御書閣(ge)、紫薇閣(ge)、報恩寺、歲寒軒(xuan)、鴻音樓(lou)、麓石塔、清風亭、望遠亭堤(di)五百羅漢豐(feng)都(dou)山等(deng)亭臺樓(lou)閣(ge)以及(ji)老君(jun)天(tian)然鐘乳石像等(deng)。由于(yu)歷史的原(yuan)因，不少景點設施(shi)已遭毀壞，目前有(you)關(guan)部門已經著手進行修(xiu)復(fu)，開發了隱仙洞、水月洞、羊角(jiao)洞，并新建了盆景園、桃花(hua)園、荷花(hua)池、徐霞客(ke)雕像等(deng)供(gong)瀏覽觀光。

老(lao)君洞(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)園林宗教設施(shi)始建(jian)于(yu)唐，興盛于(yu)宋，唐宋以(yi)來，很多文人墨(mo)客在(zai)(zai)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)留下了(le)(le)大量的(de)(de)詩(shi)文、游記、碑(bei)刻(ke)、摩巖刻(ke)一(yi)百多處(chu)，是(shi)珍(zhen)貴的(de)(de)歷史文化遺產(chan)，宋太宗親頒“御書碑(bei)”120軸藏于(yu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)，并敕封老(lao)君洞(dong)(dong)(dong)為“真(zhen)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)巖”。明朝旅行(xing)家徐(xu)霞客曾在(zai)(zai)此洞(dong)(dong)(dong)住(zhu)了(le)(le)13天，這(zhe)是(shi)他(ta)30年旅行(xing)活動(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)個洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)住(zhu)得最久的(de)(de)一(yi)次，并寫下了(le)(le)5000字游記，生動(dong)描述(shu)了(le)(le)老(lao)君洞(dong)(dong)(dong)山光(guang)水色及(ji)傳奇神話。他(ta)高舉火把進洞(dong)(dong)(dong)覽勝，遇到一(yi)條頭尾(wei)鉆到石下的(de)(de)巨蟒攔路，他(ta)抬腳跨過，蛇蟒竟(jing)紋絲(si)不(bu)動(dong)，可(ke)見暗洞(dong)(dong)(dong)幽深。站在(zai)(zai)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)溪流的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)段，可(ke)以(yi)看到真(zhen)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)巖的(de)(de)前門(men)(men)和后門(men)(men)，都是(shi)由山石自(zi)成方圓(yuan)，陽光(guang)照耀(yao)在(zai)(zai)小溪的(de)(de)兩頭，仿佛兩輪皎月躍出水面。這(zhe)“水月洞(dong)(dong)(dong)天”的(de)(de)壯觀，使徐(xu)霞客不(bu)禁贊道(dao)：“真(zhen)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)為天下第(di)一(yi)，此景(jing)真(zhen)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)第(di)一(yi)也！”宋代名詩(shi)人范成大在(zai)(zai)《佳誨巖洞(dong)(dong)(dong)記》中(zhong)(zhong)贊曰：“融州有靈巖真(zhen)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)，世傳不(bu)下桂(gui)林”。