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《鶯鶯傳》
0 票數:0 #文學作品#
《鶯鶯傳》是唐代傳奇小說,由元稹編撰,原題《傳奇》。其主要講述的是貧寒書生張生對沒落貴族女子崔鶯鶯始亂終棄的悲劇故事。《鶯鶯傳》成功地地塑造了崔鶯鶯的經典形象。她是位出身于沒落士族之家的少女,內心充滿了情與禮的矛盾。小說深刻揭示了出身和教養給鶯鶯帶來的思想矛盾和性格特征,細致地描繪這位少女在反抗傳統禮教時內心沖突的過程。
  • 中文名: 鶯鶯傳
  • 作者: 元稹
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基本介紹

《鶯鶯傳》是(shi)唐代(dai)傳奇小說(shuo),由元稹(zhen)編(bian)撰(zhuan)。原(yuan)題《傳奇》。主(zhu)要講述的是(shi)貧寒書(shu)生(sheng)張生(sheng)對沒落貴族女子崔鶯鶯始亂終棄(qi)的悲劇故事。

作品原文

唐貞元中,有張生者,性(xing)溫(wen)茂,美風(feng)容,內秉堅孤,非禮不(bu)可入。或朋従游(you)宴,擾雜(za)其間,他人皆洶洶拳拳,若將不(bu)及;張生容順而已,終不(bu)能亂。以(yi)是(shi)(shi)年二十三,未嘗近女(nv)色(se)。知者詰(jie)(jie)之(zhi),謝而言(yan)曰:"登徒子非好(hao)色(se)者,是(shi)(shi)有兇(xiong)行(xing)。余真好(hao)色(se)者,而適(shi)不(bu)我(wo)值。何(he)以(yi)言(yan)之(zhi)?大凡物之(zhi)尤者,未嘗不(bu)留連(lian)于(yu)心,是(shi)(shi)知其非忘情者也。"詰(jie)(jie)者識(shi)之(zhi)。

無幾何,張生游于(yu)蒲(pu),蒲(pu)之東十余里,有僧舍曰普救寺(si),張生寓焉。適有崔(cui)氏孀婦,將歸長安(an),路出于(yu)蒲(pu),亦止茲(zi)寺(si)。崔(cui)氏婦,鄭女也;張出于(yu)鄭,緒其親(qin),乃異派之従母。是歲,渾瑊薨于(yu)蒲(pu),有中(zhong)人(ren)丁文雅,不(bu)善于(yu)軍,軍人(ren)因喪而擾,大(da)掠蒲(pu)人(ren)。崔(cui)氏之家,財產甚厚,多奴仆,旅(lv)寓惶(huang)駭,不(bu)知(zhi)所托。

先(xian)是張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)與蒲(pu)將之(zhi)黨有善,請吏護之(zhi),遂(sui)不(bu)及于(yu)難。十余日(ri),廉(lian)使杜確將天子(zi)命以(yi)(yi)(yi)總(zong)戎節,令(ling)于(yu)軍,軍由(you)是戢。鄭厚張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)德甚(shen),因飾(shi)饌以(yi)(yi)(yi)命張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),中(zhong)堂宴之(zhi)。復謂張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)曰(yue)(yue):"姨之(zhi)孤(gu)嫠未亡,提攜幼(you)稚,不(bu)幸屬師徒大潰(kui),實(shi)不(bu)保其(qi)身,弱子(zi)幼(you)女(nv),猶(you)君之(zhi)生(sheng),豈可(ke)比常(chang)(chang)恩哉?今俾(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)仁兄(xiong)禮(li)奉見,冀所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)報恩也(ye)。"命其(qi)子(zi),曰(yue)(yue)歡郎(lang),可(ke)十余歲(sui),容甚(shen)溫美。次命女(nv):"出拜爾兄(xiong),爾兄(xiong)活爾。"久之(zhi)辭疾,鄭怒曰(yue)(yue):"張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)兄(xiong)保爾之(zhi)命,不(bu)然,爾且擄矣(yi),能復遠嫌乎?"久之(zhi)乃(nai)至(zhi),常(chang)(chang)服睟容,不(bu)加新飾(shi)。垂鬟接黛,雙(shuang)臉銷紅而已,顏色(se)艷(yan)異,光輝(hui)動人。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)驚為(wei)之(zhi)禮(li),因坐鄭旁。以(yi)(yi)(yi)鄭之(zhi)抑(yi)而見也(ye),凝睇(di)怨(yuan)絕,若不(bu)勝其(qi)體者(zhe)。問(wen)其(qi)年(nian)紀,鄭曰(yue)(yue):"今天子(zi)甲子(zi)歲(sui)之(zhi)七月,終于(yu)貞元庚(geng)辰,生(sheng)年(nian)十七矣(yi)。"張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)稍以(yi)(yi)(yi)詞導之(zhi),不(bu)對,終席而罷。

張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)自是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)惑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),愿(yuan)致其(qi)(qi)情,無由得也(ye)(ye)。崔(cui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)婢(bi)(bi)(bi)曰(yue)(yue)紅(hong)娘(niang)(niang),生私(si)為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禮者(zhe)數(shu)四(si),乘間(jian)遂道其(qi)(qi)衷。婢(bi)(bi)(bi)果驚沮,腆然而(er)奔,張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)生悔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。翼(yi)日(ri),婢(bi)(bi)(bi)復(fu)至(zhi)(zhi),張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)生乃(nai)羞而(er)謝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)復(fu)云(yun)所(suo)求(qiu)(qiu)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。婢(bi)(bi)(bi)因謂(wei)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)曰(yue)(yue):"郎(lang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),所(suo)不(bu)(bu)敢言(yan),亦不(bu)(bu)敢泄。然而(er)崔(cui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)姻族,君所(suo)詳也(ye)(ye),何不(bu)(bu)因其(qi)(qi)德而(er)求(qiu)(qiu)娶焉?"張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)曰(yue)(yue):"余始自孩(hai)提(ti),性(xing)不(bu)(bu)茍合。或(huo)時紈綺間(jian)居,曾莫流盼。不(bu)(bu)為(wei)當(dang)年,終(zhong)有(you)所(suo)蔽(bi)。昨日(ri)一席間(jian),幾(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)自持(chi)。數(shu)日(ri)來(lai)(lai),行忘(wang)止,食忘(wang)飽,恐不(bu)(bu)能(neng)逾(yu)旦暮。若(ruo)因媒氏而(er)娶,納采問名(ming),則(ze)三數(shu)月間(jian),索我于枯(ku)魚(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肆矣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。爾其(qi)(qi)謂(wei)我何?"婢(bi)(bi)(bi)曰(yue)(yue):"崔(cui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貞慎(shen)自保,雖所(suo)尊不(bu)(bu)可以(yi)非語犯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),下人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謀(mou),固難(nan)入矣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。然而(er)善屬文,往(wang)往(wang)沈吟章句,怨慕者(zhe)久之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。君試為(wei)喻情詩以(yi)亂(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)然則(ze)無由也(ye)(ye)。"張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)大喜(xi),立綴春(chun)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)二首以(yi)授之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夕(xi),紅(hong)娘(niang)(niang)復(fu)至(zhi)(zhi),持(chi)彩(cai)箋以(yi)授張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)曰(yue)(yue):"崔(cui)所(suo)命也(ye)(ye)。"題其(qi)(qi)篇曰(yue)(yue)《明月三五夜》,其(qi)(qi)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)曰(yue)(yue):"待月西(xi)廂下,迎風戶半開(kai)。拂墻花(hua)影動,疑是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)玉人(ren)來(lai)(lai)。"張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)亦微喻其(qi)(qi)旨,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夕(xi),歲二月旬有(you)四(si)日(ri)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。崔(cui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東有(you)杏花(hua)一株,攀援可逾(yu)。既望之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夕(xi),張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)因梯其(qi)(qi)樹(shu)而(er)逾(yu)焉,達于西(xi)廂,則(ze)戶半開(kai)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。紅(hong)娘(niang)(niang)寢于床,生因驚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。紅(hong)娘(niang)(niang)駭曰(yue)(yue):"郎(lang)何以(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)?"張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)因紿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue):"崔(cui)氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)箋召(zhao)我也(ye)(ye),爾為(wei)我告(gao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。"無幾(ji)(ji),紅(hong)娘(niang)(niang)復(fu)來(lai)(lai),連(lian)曰(yue)(yue):"至(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)!至(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)!"張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)生且喜(xi)且駭,必(bi)謂(wei)獲濟。及崔(cui)至(zhi)(zhi),則(ze)端服嚴容,大數(shu)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)曰(yue)(yue):"兄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恩,活(huo)我之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia),厚矣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)慈母以(yi)弱子幼女(nv)見(jian)(jian)托(tuo)。奈何因不(bu)(bu)令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)婢(bi)(bi)(bi),致淫逸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)詞(ci)(ci)(ci),始以(yi)護人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亂(luan)為(wei)義(yi),而(er)終(zhong)掠亂(luan)以(yi)求(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)亂(luan)易亂(luan),其(qi)(qi)去幾(ji)(ji)何?誠欲寢其(qi)(qi)詞(ci)(ci)(ci),則(ze)保人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奸(jian),不(bu)(bu)義(yi);明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于母,則(ze)背人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)惠(hui),不(bu)(bu)祥;將(jiang)寄與婢(bi)(bi)(bi)仆,又懼不(bu)(bu)得發其(qi)(qi)真(zhen)誠。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)托(tuo)短章,愿(yuan)自陳(chen)啟(qi),猶(you)懼兄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)見(jian)(jian)難(nan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)鄙靡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)詞(ci)(ci)(ci),以(yi)求(qiu)(qiu)其(qi)(qi)必(bi)至(zhi)(zhi)。非禮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動,能(neng)不(bu)(bu)愧心,特愿(yuan)以(yi)禮自持(chi),無及于亂(luan)。"言(yan)畢,翻然而(er)逝。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)自失者(zhe)久之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),復(fu)逾(yu)而(er)出,于是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)絕望。

數夕(xi),張(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)臨軒獨寢,忽(hu)有(you)(you)人覺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。驚駭而(er)(er)起,則(ze)紅(hong)娘(niang)斂衾(qin)(qin)攜枕而(er)(er)至(zhi)。撫(fu)張(zhang)(zhang)曰:"至(zhi)矣(yi)(yi)!至(zhi)矣(yi)(yi)!睡何(he)為哉?"并枕重(zhong)衾(qin)(qin)而(er)(er)去。張(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)拭目(mu)危坐久之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),猶疑(yi)夢寐,然而(er)(er)修謹以俟。俄而(er)(er)紅(hong)娘(niang)捧(peng)崔氏(shi)而(er)(er)至(zhi),至(zhi)則(ze)嬌羞融(rong)冶,力不(bu)能(neng)運支體,曩時端莊,不(bu)復同矣(yi)(yi)。是(shi)(shi)夕(xi)旬(xun)有(you)(you)八日也,斜(xie)月(yue)晶瑩,幽輝半(ban)床。張(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)飄飄然,且疑(yi)神仙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒(tu),不(bu)謂従人間至(zhi)矣(yi)(yi)。有(you)(you)頃,寺(si)鐘鳴,天將曉(xiao),紅(hong)娘(niang)促去。崔氏(shi)嬌啼宛(wan)(wan)轉,紅(hong)娘(niang)又(you)捧(peng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)去,終夕(xi)無一言。張(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)辨色而(er)(er)興,自疑(yi)曰:"豈其夢邪?"及明,睹(du)妝(zhuang)在(zai)臂,香在(zai)衣,淚光熒(ying)熒(ying)然,猶瑩于茵席而(er)(er)已。是(shi)(shi)后(hou)又(you)十(shi)余日,杳不(bu)復知。張(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)賦《會真詩(shi)》三(san)十(shi)韻,未畢,而(er)(er)紅(hong)娘(niang)適至(zhi)。因授之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以貽崔氏(shi)。自是(shi)(shi)復容之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),朝隱而(er)(er)出,暮隱而(er)(er)入,同安(an)于曩所謂西廂者,幾一月(yue)矣(yi)(yi)。張(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)常詰鄭(zheng)氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情,則(ze)曰:"我不(bu)可(ke)(ke)奈何(he)矣(yi)(yi),因欲(yu)就(jiu)成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。"無何(he),張(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)將之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長安(an),先以情喻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。崔氏(shi)宛(wan)(wan)無難詞,然而(er)(er)愁怨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容動人矣(yi)(yi)。將行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)再夕(xi),不(bu)可(ke)(ke)復見,而(er)(er)張(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)遂西下。

數月(yue),復(fu)(fu)游于(yu)蒲,會于(yu)崔氏(shi)者又累月(yue)。崔氏(shi)甚(shen)工刀札(zha),善(shan)屬文,求索再三,終(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可見(jian)。往(wang)往(wang)張(zhang)(zhang)生自(zi)以(yi)文挑,亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)甚(shen)睹(du)覽。大略崔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出人者,藝(yi)必窮極,而貌若(ruo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi);言則敏辯,而寡于(yu)酬對。待張(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)甚(shen)厚(hou),然未嘗以(yi)詞繼(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。時愁(chou)艷幽邃,恒若(ruo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)識;喜(xi)慍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容,亦罕形見(jian)。異時獨夜操琴,愁(chou)弄(nong)凄惻,張(zhang)(zhang)竊(qie)聽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),則終(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)復(fu)(fu)鼓(gu)矣。以(yi)是愈惑(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。張(zhang)(zhang)生俄以(yi)文調及期,又當(dang)西去(qu)。當(dang)去(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夕,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)復(fu)(fu)自(zi)言其(qi)情(qing),愁(chou)嘆于(yu)崔氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)側。崔已陰知(zhi)將訣(jue)矣,恭貌怡聲(sheng),徐謂張(zhang)(zhang)曰:"始亂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),終(zhong)(zhong)棄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),固其(qi)宜矣,愚不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢恨。必也(ye)(ye)君亂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),君終(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)惠(hui)也(ye)(ye);則歿身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誓,其(qi)有終(zhong)(zhong)矣,又何(he)必深感于(yu)此(ci)行?然而君既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)懌,無以(yi)奉寧(ning)。君常謂我善(shan)鼓(gu)琴,向時羞顏,所不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能及。今且往(wang)矣,既君此(ci)誠。"因(yin)命拂琴,鼓(gu)《霓裳羽衣序(xu)》,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)數聲(sheng),哀音(yin)怨亂,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)復(fu)(fu)知(zhi)其(qi)是曲也(ye)(ye)。左右皆唏噓,張(zhang)(zhang)亦遽(ju)止(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。投琴,泣(qi)下流連,趨(qu)歸鄭所,遂不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)復(fu)(fu)至。明旦而張(zhang)(zhang)行。

明年(nian),文戰(zhan)不(bu)勝,張(zhang)遂(sui)(sui)止于(yu)京,因貽(yi)書(shu)于(yu)崔,以(yi)廣(guang)其(qi)(qi)意。崔氏緘報之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)詞,粗載(zai)于(yu)此。曰:捧(peng)覽來問,撫愛(ai)過深,兒(er)(er)女之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing),悲喜交(jiao)集。兼惠花(hua)勝一(yi)(yi)(yi)合,口(kou)脂五寸,致耀首膏唇(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)飾。雖(sui)荷(he)殊恩,誰復為容?睹物(wu)增懷(huai),但積悲嘆耳。伏承使于(yu)京中就業(ye),進修之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,固(gu)(gu)在便(bian)安。但恨僻(pi)陋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren),永以(yi)遐棄,命也如(ru)此,知復何言?自去秋已來,常忽(hu)忽(hu)如(ru)有所失,于(yu)喧嘩(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),或勉為語(yu)笑,閑宵(xiao)自處,無(wu)(wu)不(bu)淚零。乃至(zhi)夢寢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間,亦多感咽。離憂(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)思,綢繆繾綣,暫若尋常;幽會未終,驚魂已斷。雖(sui)半衾如(ru)暖,而思之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚遙。一(yi)(yi)(yi)昨(zuo)拜辭,倏逾(yu)舊歲(sui)。長(chang)安行樂(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,觸緒(xu)牽情(qing),何幸不(bu)忘(wang)幽微(wei),眷念無(wu)(wu)斁。鄙(bi)薄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志,無(wu)(wu)以(yi)奉酬(chou)。至(zhi)于(yu)終始之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟,則(ze)固(gu)(gu)不(bu)忒。鄙(bi)昔中表相因,或同宴處,婢仆見誘,遂(sui)(sui)致私誠。兒(er)(er)女之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin),不(bu)能自固(gu)(gu)。君子(zi)(zi)有援琴(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)挑,鄙(bi)人(ren)(ren)無(wu)(wu)投(tou)梭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)拒。及薦寢席,義盛意深,愚陋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing),永謂(wei)終托(tuo)。豈期既見君子(zi)(zi),而不(bu)能定情(qing),致有自獻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)羞,不(bu)復明侍巾幘(ze)。沒身(shen)永恨,含(han)嘆何言?倘(tang)仁人(ren)(ren)用心(xin),俯(fu)遂(sui)(sui)幽眇;雖(sui)死之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,猶(you)生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年(nian)。如(ru)或達士(shi)略情(qing),舍(she)小(xiao)従大,以(yi)先配為丑行,以(yi)要盟為可欺。則(ze)當骨化形銷,丹(dan)誠不(bu)泯;因風委露(lu),猶(you)托(tuo)清塵。存沒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誠,言盡于(yu)此;臨紙嗚(wu)咽,情(qing)不(bu)能申。千(qian)萬(wan)珍重!珍重千(qian)萬(wan)!玉環一(yi)(yi)(yi)枚,是兒(er)(er)嬰(ying)年(nian)所弄,寄充君子(zi)(zi)下(xia)體所佩。玉取(qu)其(qi)(qi)堅潤不(bu)渝,環取(qu)其(qi)(qi)終始不(bu)絕。兼亂絲(si)一(yi)(yi)(yi)絇,文竹茶碾子(zi)(zi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)枚。此數物(wu)不(bu)足見珍,意者欲君子(zi)(zi)如(ru)玉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)真,弊志如(ru)環不(bu)解,淚痕(hen)在竹,愁緒(xu)縈絲(si),因物(wu)達情(qing),永以(yi)為好耳。心(xin)邇身(shen)遐,拜會無(wu)(wu)期,幽憤所鐘,千(qian)里神合。千(qian)萬(wan)珍重!春風多厲,強飯為嘉(jia)。慎言自保,無(wu)(wu)以(yi)鄙(bi)為深念。"張(zhang)生發(fa)其(qi)(qi)書(shu)于(yu)所知,由是時人(ren)(ren)多聞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

所善楊巨源好屬詞,因為(wei)賦《崔娘詩(shi)》一絕云:"清潤潘郎玉(yu)不如(ru),中(zhong)庭(ting)蕙草雪銷初。風流才子(zi)多春(chun)思,腸(chang)斷蕭(xiao)娘一紙(zhi)書。"河(he)南元稹(zhen),亦續生《會真詩(shi)》三十韻(yun)。詩(shi)曰:

微月(yue)透簾櫳,螢(ying)光度碧(bi)空。遙天(tian)初縹緲(miao),低樹漸蔥朧(long)。龍(long)吹過庭竹,鸞(luan)歌(ge)拂井(jing)桐(tong)。羅(luo)綃垂薄霧,環(huan)(huan)佩響(xiang)輕風。絳節(jie)隨金母(mu),云心(xin)捧玉(yu)童(tong)。更深(shen)人悄(qiao)(qiao)悄(qiao)(qiao),晨會雨蒙蒙。珠(zhu)瑩光文(wen)履(lv),花明隱繡(xiu)龍(long)。瑤釵(chai)行(xing)彩(cai)鳳,羅(luo)帔掩丹虹(hong)。言自瑤華浦,將朝碧(bi)玉(yu)宮。因游洛(luo)城北,偶向宋家東。戲調初微拒,柔情已暗通(tong)。低鬟蟬影動(dong),回步玉(yu)塵蒙。轉面流(liu)(liu)花雪,登床抱綺叢。鴛鴦(yang)交頸舞(wu),翡翠(cui)合歡籠(long)。眉黛羞偏聚,唇朱暖更融。氣清蘭蕊馥,膚潤玉(yu)肌豐(feng)。無力(li)傭(yong)移腕,多嬌(jiao)愛斂躬。汗流(liu)(liu)珠(zhu)點點,發亂綠蔥蔥。方喜千年會,俄聞(wen)五夜窮。留連時有(you)恨,繾綣意難終(zhong)。慢臉含愁(chou)態,芳詞誓素衷。贈環(huan)(huan)明運合,留結表心(xin)同。啼(ti)粉流(liu)(liu)宵鏡(jing),殘(can)燈遠(yuan)暗蟲。華光猶苒(ran)苒(ran),旭日漸瞳瞳。乘(cheng)鶩還歸洛(luo),吹簫亦上嵩。衣香(xiang)猶染麝,枕(zhen)膩尚(shang)殘(can)紅(hong)。冪冪臨塘草,飄飄思渚蓬。素琴鳴怨鶴,清漢望歸鴻。海闊誠難渡,天(tian)高(gao)不易沖(chong)。行(xing)云無處所,蕭史在樓中。

張(zhang)之(zhi)友(you)聞之(zhi)者,莫不(bu)聳異之(zhi),然而張(zhang)志亦絕矣。稹特(te)與張(zhang)厚,因徵其(qi)(qi)詞。張(zhang)曰:"大(da)凡天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)命尤物也,不(bu)妖(yao)其(qi)(qi)身,必妖(yao)于(yu)人。使崔氏子遇合富(fu)貴,乘寵(chong)嬌,不(bu)為(wei)(wei)云,不(bu)為(wei)(wei)雨(yu),為(wei)(wei)蛟為(wei)(wei)螭(chi),吾不(bu)知其(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)變化矣。昔(xi)殷之(zhi)辛,周之(zhi)幽,據百萬之(zhi)國(guo),其(qi)(qi)勢甚厚。然而一(yi)女子敗之(zhi),潰其(qi)(qi)眾,屠其(qi)(qi)身,至今為(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)下僇笑(xiao)。予(yu)之(zhi)德不(bu)足以勝(sheng)妖(yao)孽(nie),是用忍情。"于(yu)時坐(zuo)者皆為(wei)(wei)深嘆。

后(hou)(hou)歲(sui)(sui)余,崔(cui)已委(wei)身于(yu)人(ren),張(zhang)亦有所(suo)娶。適(shi)經所(suo)居,乃(nai)因(yin)其夫言于(yu)崔(cui),求以(yi)(yi)外兄見。夫語之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而崔(cui)終不(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)出。張(zhang)怨念(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誠,動于(yu)顏色,崔(cui)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),潛賦一(yi)章詞曰(yue):"自(zi)従消瘦減容光,萬轉千回懶下床。不(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)旁人(ren)羞不(bu)(bu)(bu)起(qi),為(wei)(wei)郎(lang)憔悴卻羞郎(lang)。"竟不(bu)(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)見。后(hou)(hou)數日,張(zhang)生將(jiang)行,又賦一(yi)章以(yi)(yi)謝(xie)絕云:"棄(qi)置今(jin)何道,當時且(qie)自(zi)親。還將(jiang)舊時意(yi),憐取眼前人(ren)。"自(zi)是(shi)絕不(bu)(bu)(bu)復知矣。時人(ren)多(duo)許(xu)張(zhang)為(wei)(wei)善補過者(zhe)。予常于(yu)朋會之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),往往及(ji)此意(yi)者(zhe),夫使知者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei),為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)惑。貞元(yuan)歲(sui)(sui)九月(yue),執(zhi)事(shi)李(li)公(gong)垂(chui),宿于(yu)予靖安里第,語及(ji)于(yu)是(shi)。公(gong)垂(chui)卓然稱(cheng)異,遂為(wei)(wei)《鶯(ying)鶯(ying)歌》以(yi)(yi)傳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。崔(cui)氏(shi)小(xiao)名鶯(ying)鶯(ying),公(gong)垂(chui)以(yi)(yi)命篇。

角色介紹

張生

關(guan)于張(zhang)(zhang)生的原型,舊有張(zhang)(zhang)籍(文昌)、張(zhang)(zhang)珙(君(jun)瑞)、張(zhang)(zhang)先(子野)三說﹐皆誤。

宋(song)代王(wang)铚(zhi)在《〈傳(chuan)奇〉辯證》考(kao)證張生為元稹本人。

宋(song)代趙令畤在(zai)《侯(hou)鯖集》第五卷,《辯傳奇鶯鶯事》中論證

詳細。

魯迅在《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)小(xiao)說史略》中(zhong)(zhong)說:“《鶯鶯傳》者,……元稹以張(zhang)生(sheng)自寓,述其親歷之境。”

今人吳(wu)偉(wei)斌著《元稹考(kao)論》,商榷魯迅、陳寅恪、岑仲(zhong)勉等(deng)名家的權(quan)威結論,否定“張生自寓(yu)”說。

鶯鶯

關于崔鶯鶯的(de)原型(xing),王铚認為鶯鶯是元(yuan)稹(zhen)(zhen)姨母(mu)鄭(zheng)氏與(yu)永年縣尉崔鵬之女崔氏,即元(yuan)稹(zhen)(zhen)的(de)表妹。

近人陳寅(yin)恪從(cong)元稹詩(shi)集一(yi)首《曹(cao)十九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)舞綠鈿》,假定“曹(cao)十九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)”是“曹(cao)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)”的訛誤(wu),又說“九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)”二字古音與鶯(ying)鳥鳴聲相近,認為(wei)崔鶯(ying)鶯(ying)應是名(ming)叫(jiao)“曹(cao)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)”的“酒(jiu)家胡(hu)(hu)”,“此女姓(xing)曹(cao)名(ming)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),殆(dai)亦出于(yu)中亞種族”,因“中亞胡(hu)(hu)人善于(yu)釀酒(jiu)”,得出曹(cao)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是“酒(jiu)家胡(hu)(hu)”的結論。

還(huan)有一些其它說法,今人卞孝萱在《元稹(zhen)年(nian)譜》中指出,“‘工于投機取巧(qiao)之才人’元稹(zhen),怎么忽然蠢起來,把一個社會(hui)地位低下的(de)‘酒家胡’,說成(cheng)自己的(de)姨妹?”。

吳偉(wei)斌(bin)在(zai)《元(yuan)稹(zhen)考(kao)論》和《元(yuan)稹(zhen)評傳》中對(dui)《元(yuan)稹(zhen)年譜》、《元(yuan)白(bai)詩箋證(zheng)稿》等進行糾謬,重新考(kao)證(zheng)了(le)元(yuan)稹(zhen)的為人(ren)和其作品,“解決了(le)學(xue)術界關于元(yuan)稹(zhen)一直無(wu)法(fa)自圓的諸多問題”。人(ren)物考(kao)證(zheng)至今仍(reng)無(wu)定論。

內容介紹

《鶯(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鶯(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)傳》寫張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)(sheng)與(yu)崔(cui)鶯(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鶯(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)戀愛,后(hou)來(lai)又將她(ta)遺棄(qi)的(de)故事。起始張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)(sheng)旅(lv)居蒲州普救寺時(shi)發生(sheng)(sheng)兵亂(luan),出力救護(hu)了同(tong)寓寺中的(de)遠房姨(yi)母鄭氏一(yi)家。在鄭氏的(de)答(da)謝宴(yan)上(shang),張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)(sheng)對表(biao)(biao)妹鶯(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鶯(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)一(yi)見(jian)傾心(xin),婢(bi)女紅(hong)娘傳書,幾經(jing)反復(fu),兩(liang)人終(zhong)于花好(hao)月圓(yuan)。后(hou)來(lai)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)(sheng)赴京應試未中,滯留京師(shi),與(yu)鶯(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鶯(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)情書來(lai)往,互贈信物以表(biao)(biao)深情。但張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)(sheng)終(zhong)于變心(xin),認為(wei)鶯(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鶯(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)是(shi)(shi)天下(xia)之“尤物”,還(huan)搬(ban)出商紂(zhou),周幽王亡國的(de)例(li)子,證明自(zi)己(ji)“德(de)不足以勝妖孽”,只(zhi)好(hao)割(ge)愛。一(yi)年多后(hou),鶯(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鶯(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)另(ling)嫁(jia),張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)(sheng)也另(ling)娶。一(yi)次張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)(sheng)路過(guo)(guo)鶯(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鶯(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)家門(men),要求(qiu)以“外兄(xiong)”相(xiang)見(jian),遭鶯(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鶯(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)拒絕。數日后(hou)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)(sheng)離去,鶯(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鶯(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)回詩(shi)決(jue)絕“棄(qi)置(zhi)今何道,當時(shi)且(qie)自(zi)親。還(huan)將舊(jiu)時(shi)意,憐(lian)取眼前人”。當時(shi)人們還(huan)稱(cheng)贊張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)(sheng)“始亂(luan)終(zhong)棄(qi)”的(de)行為(wei)是(shi)(shi)“善于補過(guo)(guo)”。小說顯然是(shi)(shi)站在張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)立場,美化(hua)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)(sheng),為(wei)他的(de)薄幸行為(wei)辯護(hu)。

背景介紹

傳(chuan)奇(qi)小(xiao)說名(ming)篇。元(yuan)稹撰,原題(ti)《傳(chuan)奇(qi)》,《異聞集》載此篇,還保存原題(ti),收入《太平廣記》488卷,收錄時改作《鶯(ying)鶯(ying)傳(chuan)》,沿用至今,又(you)因傳(chuan)中(zhong)有(you)賦《會(hui)真詩(shi)》的內容,俗亦(yi)稱(cheng)《會(hui)真記》。其(qi)篇末(mo)說:“貞元(yuan)歲(sui)九月,執事〔友〕李公垂(李紳字(zi))宿(su)于(yu)予靖安里第,語(yu)及于(yu)是,公垂卓然稱(cheng)異,遂為《鶯(ying)鶯(ying)歌》以(yi)傳(chuan)之(zhi)。”今考(kao)出是貞元(yuan)二(er)十年(804年)九月,元(yuan)稹將故(gu)事講給李紳聽,李紳作《鶯(ying)鶯(ying)歌》,元(yuan)稹寫了這篇傳(chuan)奇(qi)。

鑒賞評價

《鶯(ying)鶯(ying)傳》于(yu)敘事中(zhong)(zhong)注意刻畫人物性格(ge)和心(xin)理(li),較好地塑造了(le)崔(cui)(cui)鶯(ying)鶯(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形象。崔(cui)(cui)鶯(ying)鶯(ying)是一個在封(feng)建(jian)家(jia)庭的(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴格(ge)閨訓中(zhong)(zhong)長大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)少女。她(ta)(ta)有強烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)愛(ai)情要求,但(dan)又在內心(xin)隱(yin)藏得很深,甚(shen)至(zhi)有時(shi)還會(hui)在表面上作(zuo)出(chu)完全相(xiang)反(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)姿(zi)態。本來,通過(guo)她(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)侍婢紅娘,張(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)與她(ta)(ta)已(yi)相(xiang)互用詩表達了(le)愛(ai)情。可是,當(dang)張(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)按照她(ta)(ta)詩中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)約(yue)定前來相(xiang)會(hui)時(shi),她(ta)(ta)卻又“端(duan)服(fu)嚴容”,正(zheng)言厲(li)色地數落(luo)了(le)張(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“非(fei)禮(li)之動”。數日后(hou),當(dang)張(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)已(yi)陷于(yu)絕(jue)望時(shi),她(ta)(ta)忽然(ran)又采(cai)取(qu)大(da)膽的(de)(de)(de)(de)叛逆行動,主(zhu)動夜奔張(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)住所(suo)幽會(hui),“曩時(shi)端(duan)莊(zhuang),不(bu)復同矣”。崔(cui)(cui)鶯(ying)鶯(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這種(zhong)矛盾(dun)和反(fan)復,真(zhen)實地反(fan)映了(le)她(ta)(ta)克服(fu)猶豫(yu)、動搖而(er)終于(yu)背叛封(feng)建(jian)禮(li)教的(de)(de)(de)(de)曲(qu)折(zhe)過(guo)程(cheng)。但(dan)是,她(ta)(ta)在思想上又始(shi)終未能徹底擺脫社(she)會(hui)、出(chu)身、教養所(suo)加(jia)給她(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精神桎梏。她(ta)(ta)仍然(ran)認(ren)為私(si)自(zi)(zi)戀愛(ai)結(jie)合是不(bu)合法的(de)(de)(de)(de),“始(shi)亂之,終棄(qi)之,固其宜矣,愚不(bu)敢恨”。因而(er)在她(ta)(ta)遭(zao)到遺棄(qi)以后(hou),就(jiu)只能自(zi)(zi)怨自(zi)(zi)艾,聽(ting)從命運的(de)(de)(de)(de)擺布(bu)。這又表現了(le)她(ta)(ta)思想性格(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)軟弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)一面。作(zuo)品中(zhong)(zhong)對這一形象的(de)(de)(de)(de)刻畫,傳神寫態,有血有肉(rou),異常鮮(xian)明(ming)。

作(zuo)者為(wei)(wei)了替(ti)張(zhang)生(sheng)遺棄(qi)崔鶯(ying)鶯(ying)的(de)無恥行徑辯解開脫,竟藉其口大罵崔鶯(ying)鶯(ying)為(wei)(wei)“尤(you)物(wu)(wu)”﹑“妖孽”﹑“不(bu)妖其身﹐必妖于人(ren)”,這就不(bu)僅使(shi)得人(ren)物(wu)(wu)形像前后不(bu)統一,也造成了主題思想的(de)矛盾。誠(cheng)如魯(lu)迅《中(zhong)國(guo)小(xiao)說史(shi)略》所說:“篇末文(wen)過飾(shi)非,遂墮惡趣。”盡管如此,讀者從作(zuo)品的(de)具體描述中(zhong)卻仍然(ran)感到(dao)崔鶯(ying)鶯(ying)令人(ren)同情,而張(zhang)生(sheng)的(de)負心,則(ze)令人(ren)憎(zeng)惡。應該說作(zuo)品的(de)客觀(guan)藝術效果與作(zuo)者的(de)主觀(guan)議(yi)論(lun)評價是截然(ran)相反的(de)。

前語之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),后前不(bu)一(yi),文過非飾,余(yu)有(you)異,敢(gan)敘(xu)一(yi)二。本(ben)(ben)自非正(zheng),乃歸正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),人道(dao)張(zhang)生無(wu)情(qing),始(shi)亂終棄。姻緣(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理,父母之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命,媒妁(shuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言。父母之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命者(zhe),夫婦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),崇(chong)敬(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)敢(gan)以(yi)私(si)心(xin)(xin)害法(fa),媒妁(shuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言,該無(wu)偏(pian),以(yi)示明正(zheng)。故有(you)八(ba)抬大轎,明媒正(zheng)娶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)。兩者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緣(yuan),本(ben)(ben)自私(si)心(xin)(xin),何敢(gan)正(zheng)堂(tang)。且后以(yi)外兄見之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),女以(yi)否。何故?蓋(gai)怨念之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隨。后者(zhe)當之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),妻為正(zheng),獨尊(zun),勢比(bi)陰陽。妾,以(yi)美色(se)私(si)意(yi)(yi)財(cai)貨稱(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。兩者(zhe)焉(yan)能并取。諸輩以(yi)情(qing)愛為夫妻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben),隨今,男女之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)不(bu)尊(zun),私(si)意(yi)(yi)比(bi)離(li),天下(xia)彌亂。庭(ting)不(bu)正(zheng),與(yu)天下(xia)純然(ran),可乎!

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