《禽經》是傳為春秋時師(shi)曠(kuang)撰鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)書(shu)，全文(wen)三千余(yu)字，是作者在參閱前(qian)(qian)人(ren)有(you)關鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)著述的基礎(chu)上(shang)，總結了宋代以(yi)前(qian)(qian)的鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)知識，包括命名、形態、種類(lei)(lei)(lei)、生(sheng)活(huo)習性、生(sheng)態等內容。盡管其體例結構簡(jian)單(dan)，內容也稍嫌粗糙，但作為我國早期的鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)志，仍有(you)其較大的意(yi)義。
《禽經(jing)》一卷，舊本題師曠(kuang)撰(zhuan)。晉(jin)張(zhang)華注(zhu)。漢、隋、唐諸志及(ji)宋(song)《崇文總(zong)目》皆不著錄。其引用自陸佃《埤雅(ya)》始(shi)，其稱師曠(kuang)亦自佃始(shi)。其稱張(zhang)華注(zhu)則見(jian)於左圭(gui)《百川學海》所(suo)刻。考書(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)鷓鴣一條，稱晉(jin)安曰懷南，江(jiang)右曰逐(zhu)隱，春秋(qiu)時安有是地名？其偽不待(dai)辨。張(zhang)華晉(jin)人，而注(zhu)引顧(gu)野王(wang)《瑞應圖》、任昉《述異記》，乃及(ji)見(jian)梁代之書(shu)，則注(zhu)之偽亦不待(dai)辨。然其中(zhong)(zhong)又有偽中(zhong)(zhong)之偽。
考(kao)王茂(mao)《野客叢書(shu)》，載《埤雅》諸書(shu)所引(yin)，而(er)茂(mao)時(shi)之本(ben)無(wu)之者(zhe)，如鶴以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)怨望(wang)，鴟以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)貪顧(gu)，雞以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)睨視，鴨(ya)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)怒視，雀以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)猜懼，燕以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)狂(kuang)，鶯(ying)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)喜囀，烏以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)悲啼，鳶(yuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)饑鳴，鶴以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)潔唳(li)，梟以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兇叫，鴟以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)愁嘯，鵝飛則蜮沉，鵙鳴則蚓結(jie)，鵲俯鳴則陰，仰鳴則晴，陸(lu)生之鴸多(duo)銳(rui)而(er)善(shan)啄，水(shui)生之鴸多(duo)圓而(er)善(shan)唼(sha)，短腳者(zhe)多(duo)伏，長(chang)腳者(zhe)多(duo)立，凡(fan)數十條(tiao)。是(shi)茂(mao)所見者(zhe)非北宋(song)之本(ben)。又茂(mao)書(shu)中辨鶯(ying)遷一(yi)條(tiao)，引(yin)《禽(qin)(qin)經(jing)》鶯(ying)鳴嚶嚶。辨杜詩白鷗(ou)沒(mei)浩蕩一(yi)條(tiao)，引(yin)《禽(qin)(qin)經(jing)》鳧善(shan)沒(mei)，鷗(ou)善(shan)浮(fu)。辨葉(xie)夢得(de)詞睡起啼鶯(ying)語一(yi)條(tiao)，引(yin)《禽(qin)(qin)經(jing)》啼鶯(ying)解語，流鶯(ying)不解語。今本(ben)又無(wu)之。
馬驌《繹(yi)史》全錄(lu)此書，而別取《埤雅(ya)》、《爾雅(ya)翼》所(suo)引(yin)今(jin)本(ben)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)載者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，附錄(lu)於末(mo)，謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《古禽(qin)(qin)(qin)經》。今(jin)考(kao)所(suo)載茂(mao)已稱《禽(qin)(qin)(qin)經》無(wu)其文(wen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)凡(fan)三條(tiao)，其馀尚有(you)青鳳(feng)(feng)謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鶡，赤(chi)(chi)鳳(feng)(feng)謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鶉(chun)，黃鳳(feng)(feng)謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焉，白鳳(feng)(feng)謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肅(su)，紫(zi)鳳(feng)(feng)謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鷟(zhuo)，鶴(he)愛(ai)陰而惡陽，雁愛(ai)陽而惡陰，鶴(he)老則(ze)(ze)聲下而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)高(gao)，近而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)尞旅，旋(xuan)目其名(ming)，方目其名(ming)，交(jiao)目其名(ming)鳽，鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小而鷙者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆曰(yue)(yue)(yue)隼，大而鷙者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆曰(yue)(yue)(yue)鳩，烏鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)啞(ya)啞(ya)，鸞(luan)鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)噰噰，鳳(feng)(feng)鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)喈(jie)喈(jie)，凰鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)啾(jiu)啾(jiu)，雉鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)嘒嘒，雞(ji)鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)咿咿，鸎鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)嚶嚶，鵲(que)鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)唶唶，鴨鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)呷(xia)(xia)呷(xia)(xia)，鵠(hu)鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)哠哠，鵙鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)嗅嗅，卻近翠者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)能(neng)(neng)步，卻近蒲者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)能(neng)(neng)擲，朱(zhu)鳶不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)攫肉，朱(zhu)鷺不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)吞腥，摯好(hao)(hao)風，好(hao)(hao)雨，鷞好(hao)(hao)霜，鷺好(hao)(hao)露，陸(lu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)棲(qi)，水鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)宿，獨鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)止(zhi)，眾鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)集，鵝(e)見(jian)異(yi)類(lei)差(cha)翅鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，雞(ji)見(jian)同類(lei)拊翼鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，鵻(zhui)上(shang)(shang)無(wu)尋，鷚上(shang)(shang)無(wu)常，雉上(shang)(shang)有(you)丈(zhang)，鷃上(shang)(shang)有(you)赤(chi)(chi)，暮鳩鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)即小雨，朝鳶鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)即大風，鸇鸇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)鷹(ying)，周(zhou)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)智(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)鴻(hong)，淘河(he)在(zai)岸(an)(an)則(ze)(ze)魚沒，沸河(he)在(zai)岸(an)(an)則(ze)(ze)魚涌，雕以(yi)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，鷲以(yi)就之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，鷹(ying)以(yi)膺(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，鶻以(yi)搰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，隼以(yi)尹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，鴻(hong)雁愛(ai)力，遇風迅舉，孔雀(que)愛(ai)毛，遇雨高(gao)止(zhi)，雁曰(yue)(yue)(yue)翁，雞(ji)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)鶉(chun)，鶉(chun)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)鷹(ying)，鷹(ying)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)擊伏，鶻不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)擊妊，一鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)隹，二鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)雔，三鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)朋，四(si)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)乘，五鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)，六鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)鶂，七(qi)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)，八(ba)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)鸞(luan)，九鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)鳩，十鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)，拙者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)莫如(ru)鳩，巧者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)莫如(ru)鶻，鵲(que)見(jian)蛇則(ze)(ze)噪而賁，孔見(jian)蛇則(ze)(ze)宛而躍，山禽(qin)(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)味多短，水禽(qin)(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)味多長，山禽(qin)(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尾多修，水禽(qin)(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尾多促，衡(heng)為(wei)雀(que)，虛為(wei)燕，火為(wei)鷮，亢(kang)為(wei)鶴(he)，鸛生(sheng)三子一為(wei)鶴(he)，鳩生(sheng)三子一為(wei)鶚，鷹(ying)好(hao)(hao)峙，隼好(hao)(hao)翔，鳧好(hao)(hao)沒，鷗好(hao)(hao)浮，乾車(che)斷舌則(ze)(ze)坐歌(ge)，孔雀(que)拍尾則(ze)(ze)立(li)舞，人勝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)，鸞(luan)入夜(ye)而歌(ge)，鳳(feng)(feng)入朝而舞，天(tian)勝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)，霜傅(fu)強(qiang)枝，鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)以(yi)武生(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)少，雪封枯原(yuan)，鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)以(yi)文(wen)死者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)多，雀(que)交(jiao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一，雉交(jiao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)再，冠鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)性勇(yong)，帶(dai)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)性仁，纓(ying)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)性樂，鴺鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)登山，鶮鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)踏土(tu)諸(zhu)條(tiao)。其中有(you)兩條(tiao)為(wei)茂(mao)所(suo)摘引(yin)，馀亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)云無(wu)其文(wen)。則(ze)(ze)今(jin)所(suo)見(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，又非茂(mao)所(suo)見(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)矣。觀雕以(yi)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)諸(zhu)語，全類(lei)《字說(shuo)》，疑即傳(chuan)(chuan)王氏學者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)所(suo)偽作(zuo)，故陸(lu)佃取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此本(ben)為(wei)左圭《百(bai)川學海(hai)》所(suo)載，則(ze)(ze)其偽當在(zai)南宋(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末(mo)，流傳(chuan)(chuan)已數百(bai)年。文(wen)士往往引(yin)用。姑存備考(kao)，固亦(yi)無(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可也(ye)。
精靈世界 
