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《考工記》
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《考工記》出于《周禮》,是中國春秋戰國時期記述官營手工業各工種規范和制造工藝的文獻。其記述了齊國關于手工業各個工種的設計規范和制造工藝,書中保留有先秦大量的手工業生產技術、工藝美術資料,在中國科技史、工藝美術史和文化史上都占有重要地位。此外書中還有數學、地理學、力學、聲學、冶金學、建筑學等多方面的知識和經驗總結,在一定程度上反映了當時的思想觀念。
  • 中文名: 考工記
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基本介紹

史和文化史上都占(zhan)有重要地位(wei)。在當時世界上也(ye)是獨一(yi)無(wu)二的(de)。全書(shu)共7100余字,記(ji)述了木(mu)工、金(jin)工、皮革(ge)、染色(se)、刮磨(mo)、陶(tao)瓷(ci)等六大類30個工種的(de)內容(rong),反映出當時中國所達(da)到的(de)科(ke)技及工藝水平(ping)。此外《考工記(ji)》還(huan)有數學(xue)(xue)、地理學(xue)(xue)、力(li)學(xue)(xue)、聲學(xue)(xue)、建筑學(xue)(xue)等多方面的(de)知(zhi)識和經驗總結。

關于《考(kao)(kao)工記》的作者和成(cheng)書(shu)(shu)年代(dai),長期以(yi)來學(xue)術界(jie)有(you)不同看法。有(you)學(xue)者認(ren)為,《考(kao)(kao)工記》是齊國(guo)官書(shu)(shu)(齊國(guo)政府制定(ding)的指導、監督和考(kao)(kao)核官府手工業(ye)、工匠勞動(dong)制度的書(shu)(shu)),作者為齊稷(ji)下學(xue)宮的學(xue)者;《考(kao)(kao)工記》主體內容編纂于春秋末至戰國(guo)初,部分內容補于戰國(guo)中晚期。

世界最早的合金配比文獻(xian):

《考工記》中記載了我國(guo)(guo)古(gu)代創(chuang)制的(de)六(liu)種銅錫(xi)比例不同的(de)合金(jin)成分配(pei)比,稱之為“六(liu)齊”,是(shi)(shi)中國(guo)(guo)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)世界上最早的(de)合金(jin)配(pei)制記載,故其科學(xue)價(jia)值為許(xu)多(duo)學(xue)者所關注。“齊”,“劑(ji)”也(ye),就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)混合物及其配(pei)方。

實踐(jian)得知,含錫(xi)達到25%以上(shang)的器物(wu),脆弱且不能用,若果(guo)達到50%則稍碰(peng)即碎(sui)。

內容介紹

內容簡介

今所見的《考(kao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)記(ji)(ji)》是作為(wei)《周(zhou)禮(li)》的一部分(fen)。《周(zhou)禮(li)》原(yuan)名《周(zhou)官(guan)(guan)(guan)》,由(you)"天官(guan)(guan)(guan)"、"地官(guan)(guan)(guan)"、"春官(guan)(guan)(guan)"、"夏官(guan)(guan)(guan)"、"秋(qiu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)"、"冬官(guan)(guan)(guan)"六篇(pian)(pian)組成。西漢時(shi),"冬官(guan)(guan)(guan)"篇(pian)(pian)佚(yi)缺,河間(jian)獻(xian)王劉(liu)德便取《考(kao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)記(ji)(ji)》補入。劉(liu)歆校書編排時(shi)改《周(zhou)官(guan)(guan)(guan)》為(wei)《周(zhou)禮(li)》,故(gu)《考(kao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)記(ji)(ji)》又稱《周(zhou)禮(li)·考(kao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)記(ji)(ji)》(或《周(zhou)禮(li)·冬官(guan)(guan)(guan)考(kao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)記(ji)(ji)》)。

《考工記》篇(pian)幅并不長(chang),但科技信息(xi)含量卻相當大,內容涉及(ji)先秦時代(dai)的(de)(de)制車、兵器、禮(li)器、鐘(zhong)磬、練染、建筑、水利(li)等(deng)手工業技術,還涉及(ji)天文、生物(wu)、數學(xue)(xue)、物(wu)理、化學(xue)(xue)等(deng)自然科學(xue)(xue)知識。正因為此(ci),歷(li)代(dai)有(you)(you)(you)關《考工記》的(de)(de)注釋和研究層(ceng)出不窮(qiong),其中(zhong)成績卓著(zhu)的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)者,早期有(you)(you)(you)漢代(dai)的(de)(de)鄭(zheng)玄,中(zhong)期有(you)(you)(you)唐代(dai)的(de)(de)賈公(gong)彥,晚期有(you)(you)(you)清代(dai)的(de)(de)戴震、程瑤田(tian)、孫詒讓等(deng)。

進入(ru)(ru)20世紀,西方科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)技(ji)術的(de)傳入(ru)(ru),科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)考(kao)(kao)古(gu)的(de)開(kai)展,使對《考(kao)(kao)工記》的(de)研(yan)究進入(ru)(ru)了一(yi)個(ge)新(xin)(xin)階(jie)段。研(yan)究者利用科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)的(de)手段和思維方法,利用考(kao)(kao)古(gu)實物和模(mo)擬實驗資料(liao),對《考(kao)(kao)工記》所(suo)涉及(ji)的(de)古(gu)代技(ji)術、科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)知識(shi)以及(ji)社會科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)中的(de)問題(ti)進行專題(ti)研(yan)究,發表了許多論文,在整體上把《考(kao)(kao)工記》研(yan)究提升到一(yi)個(ge)新(xin)(xin)水平(ping)。

中國先(xian)秦(qin)時期手工藝專著。作者不詳。據傳西漢時《周官》(即《周禮(li)》)缺《冬官》篇而以此補(bu)入,得以流(liu)傳至今(jin)。全(quan)文約7000多(duo)字(zi),記述了木工、金工、皮革工、染(ran)色工、玉工、陶工等6大類、30個工種(zhong),其中6種(zhong)已失傳,后又衍生出(chu)1種(zhong),實存25個工種(zhong)的內容。

《考工(gong)記(ji)(ji)》分別介紹了車輿(yu)、宮室、兵器(qi)以(yi)及禮樂之器(qi)等(deng)的制作工(gong)藝和(he)檢驗(yan)方法,涉及數(shu)學、力(li)學、聲學、冶金學、建筑學等(deng)方面的知(zhi)識和(he)經驗(yan)總(zong)結。清代學者(zhe)戴震(zhen)著(zhu)有《考工(gong)記(ji)(ji)圖》、程瑤(yao)田著(zhu)有《考工(gong)創物(wu)小記(ji)(ji)》等(deng)有關(guan)研究著(zhu)作。

內容特點

重視發(fa)展社會(hui)生產力

《考工(gong)記》十分(fen)重(zhong)視生(sheng)產工(gong)具(ju)(ju)的(de)制(zhi)造和改進,體(ti)現了它(ta)重(zhong)視發展生(sheng)產力的(de)思想。馎是(shi)(shi)鋤田器(qi),是(shi)(shi)春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)時期(qi)一(yi)種重(zhong)要的(de)農具(ju)(ju)。斧、斤、鑿、曲(qu)刀(dao)、量(liang)器(qi)等則是(shi)(shi)手工(gong)業(ye)生(sheng)產不(bu)可少的(de)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)。《考工(gong)記》從青銅手工(gong)業(ye)的(de)冶鑄技術角度對這類器(qi)具(ju)(ju)的(de)制(zhi)作(zuo)工(gong)藝(yi)進行了總結(jie),“攻金(jin)之(zhi)工(gong),筑氏(shi)(shi)執(zhi)下齊,冶氏(shi)(shi)執(zhi)上齊,鳧氏(shi)(shi)為(wei)聲,栗氏(shi)(shi)為(wei)量(liang),段氏(shi)(shi)為(wei)馎器(qi),桃氏(shi)(shi)為(wei)刃”。“五分(fen)其金(jin),而錫居一(yi),謂之(zhi)斧斤之(zhi)齊”,指出(chu)“斧斤之(zhi)齊”和包括馎器(qi)在內的(de)生(sheng)產工(gong)具(ju)(ju)所需(xu)銅和錫的(de)比例是(shi)(shi)五比一(yi)。車輛在春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)時期(qi)不(bu)僅是(shi)(shi)重(zhong)要的(de)戰(zhan)爭工(gong)具(ju)(ju),也是(shi)(shi)常(chang)見的(de)交通運輸(shu)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)。

《考(kao)工記》對車(che)的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)作甚為重視,它提出只有(you)把車(che)輪制(zhi)(zhi)成正圓,才能使輪與地(di)面的(de)接觸面“微(wei)至”,從而減(jian)小阻力以保(bao)證車(che)輛(liang)行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)“戚速”。它還規(gui)定制(zhi)(zhi)造行(xing)(xing)平地(di)的(de)“大(da)車(che)”和行(xing)(xing)山(shan)地(di)的(de)“柏車(che)”的(de)轂(gu)(gu)長(兩(liang)輪間橫(heng)木長度)和輻長(連接軸(zhou)心和輪圈(quan)的(de)木條長度),各(ge)有(you)一(yi)定尺寸(cun),說“行(xing)(xing)澤者(zhe)欲(yu)短(duan)轂(gu)(gu),行(xing)(xing)山(shan)者(zhe)欲(yu)長轂(gu)(gu)。短(duan)轂(gu)(gu)則利(li),長轂(gu)(gu)則安”。這種工藝也是按照不同(tong)地(di)勢條件(jian)以求達(da)到較(jiao)大(da)的(de)行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)效率。

《考工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)記》還十分重(zhong)視(shi)水利(li)灌溉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的規劃和興修(xiu),它(ta)記述(shu)了(le)包括(kuo)“澮”(大溝)、“洫”(中溝)、“遂”(小(xiao)溝)和“畎(quan)”(田間小(xiao)溝)在內的當時的溝渠系統(tong),并指(zhi)出要因(yin)地勢水勢修(xiu)筑溝渠堤防(fang),或使(shi)水暢流,或使(shi)水蓄積以便(bian)利(li)用。對(dui)于(yu)堤防(fang)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程要求和建筑堤防(fang)的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經驗,它(ta)也作了(le)詳細的記述(shu)。

重(zhong)視生產經營和經濟效益

《考(kao)工(gong)(gong)記》將制作精工(gong)(gong)產品規(gui)定為(wei)(wei)手工(gong)(gong)業生(sheng)產的(de)(de)目標,而將天(tian)時、地氣(qi)、材(cai)(cai)美和工(gong)(gong)巧(qiao)以及四者的(de)(de)結合,看作必(bi)備的(de)(de)條(tiao)件和重要的(de)(de)生(sheng)產方(fang)法。它(ta)認為(wei)(wei)天(tian)時節(jie)令的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)會影(ying)響原(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)質量(liang),進而影(ying)響制成(cheng)品的(de)(de)質量(liang),所以強調“弓人(ren)為(wei)(wei)弓,取六材(cai)(cai)必(bi)以其時”。它(ta)重視地氣(qi),是(shi)由于某些地方(fang)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)某種原(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)(cai)料質量(liang)較優,或者有(you)制造(zao)某種工(gong)(gong)藝的(de)(de)優良(liang)傳(chuan)統(tong)。它(ta)說,“鄭之刀,宋之斤,魯之削,吳粵(越)之劍,遷乎其地而不能為(wei)(wei)良(liang),地氣(qi)然也”。至于工(gong)(gong)巧(qiao),它(ta)認為(wei)(wei)是(shi)與分(fen)工(gong)(gong)有(you)關。

《考(kao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)記(ji)》所記(ji)述的手(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye),分工(gong)(gong)(gong)細密,攻木之(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)七種,攻金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)六種,攻皮之(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)五(wu)種,設色(se)之(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)五(wu)種,刮摩之(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(玉石(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong))有(you)(you)五(wu)種,搏埴之(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(陶工(gong)(gong)(gong))有(you)(you)二種。分工(gong)(gong)(gong)細密,人盡其(qi)能(neng),則有(you)(you)助于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)匠技藝專精。它對(dui)“工(gong)(gong)(gong)”的見解非(fei)常卓越。它說(shuo),“知(zhi)者(zhe)創物(wu),巧者(zhe)述之(zhi)(zhi),守(shou)之(zhi)(zhi),世(shi)謂之(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)”,這(zhe)是對(dui)不(bu)斷創新,提高(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)效,保持(chi)優(you)良傳統工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝的歌頌。

在生產經營上,為了使制(zhi)成品(pin)(pin)合乎規格(ge)(ge),保證良好的效(xiao)益,需設工師(shi)(shi)專管。《考工記》對(dui)此也作了記述,“凡(fan)試梓飲器(qi),鄉衡而實不盡,梓師(shi)(shi)罪之”,這是說工師(shi)(shi)檢(jian)驗(yan)梓人所(suo)制(zhi)的飲器(qi),如(ru)平(ping)爵向口,爵中還留有余瀝,便(bian)不合標準,梓人就要受到處罰。《考工記》還指出在市場上用于交換的手工業制(zhi)品(pin)(pin),必須符合規格(ge)(ge),為買者樂于接受,殘(can)次品(pin)(pin)不能上市。

為了提高效益,必須精于算(suan)計(ji)。《考(kao)工(gong)記》以(yi)修(xiu)筑溝防(fang)為例,提出“凡溝防(fang),必一(yi)日(ri)先深之以(yi)為式,里(li)(li)為式,然后可以(yi)傅眾力”。就是說(shuo),在溝防(fang)修(xiu)筑中,應以(yi)勞工(gong)一(yi)天(tian)完(wan)成的(de)進度作標準,以(yi)完(wan)成一(yi)里(li)(li)地的(de)勞力和日(ri)數來計(ji)算(suan)整個工(gong)程所需的(de)人力。

言官府(fu)工業而不非議民間工業

《考(kao)工(gong)記》開宗明(ming)義就(jiu)說(shuo),“國有六(liu)職,百(bai)工(gong)與居一(yi)焉(yan)”。這一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面是說(shuo)“百(bai)工(gong)”的重(zhong)要性,另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面也(ye)說(shuo)明(ming)“百(bai)工(gong)”是屬于(yu)官府手工(gong)業。鄭玄注說(shuo),“百(bai)工(gong)司(si)空事官之屬”,“監(jian)百(bai)工(gong)者,唐虞(yu)已上曰共工(gong)”。雖然《考(kao)工(gong)記》所記都是官工(gong),但(dan)它說(shuo)有些諸侯(hou)國對于(yu)有些產品(pin),并沒有設官工(gong)制造(zao)。

它指出其原因(yin)是:“粵(越)之無(wu)(wu)馎也,非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)無(wu)(wu)馎也,夫(fu)(fu)人而能為馎也。燕之無(wu)(wu)函也,非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)無(wu)(wu)函也,夫(fu)(fu)人而能為函也。秦之無(wu)(wu)廬也,非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)無(wu)(wu)廬也,夫(fu)(fu)人而能為廬也。胡之無(wu)(wu)弓(gong)(gong)車(che)也,非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)無(wu)(wu)弓(gong)(gong)車(che)也,夫(fu)(fu)人而能為弓(gong)(gong)車(che)也”。

這是說,這些(xie)諸(zhu)侯國和有的(de)地區,或由(you)于山(shan)出銅錫,或由(you)于地處(chu)邊區,所以民間(jian)都能制(zhi)造這些(xie)產品,而(er)不必專門設官(guan)制(zhi)造。《考工記》對于民間(jian)手工業(ye)的(de)肯定(ding)態度是與(yu)春秋時期的(de)社會改(gai)革(ge)相(xiang)一致的(de),也與(yu)它認(ren)為“工”是“知者創(chuang)物”等的(de)見解(jie)相(xiang)符合(he)。

全文內容編輯

國有六職,百工與(yu)居一焉。或(huo)坐而論道,或(huo)作而行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),或(huo)審曲(qu)面執,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)飭五(wu)材,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辨民(min)器,或(huo)通四(si)方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)珍異(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)資之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),或(huo)飭力以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)長地財,或(huo)治絲麻以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。坐而論道,謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)王公;作而行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士大(da)夫;審曲(qu)面執,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)飭五(wu)材,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辨民(min)器,謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)百工;通四(si)方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)珍異(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)資之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)商旅;飭力以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)長地財,謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)夫;治絲麻以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)婦功。

粵無(wu)鏄(tuan),燕無(wu)函(han),秦無(wu)廬(lu),胡無(wu)弓(gong)車(che)。粵之無(wu)鏄(tuan)也(ye)(ye)(ye),非無(wu)廬(lu)也(ye)(ye)(ye),夫人而(er)能(neng)為(wei)(wei)廬(lu)也(ye)(ye)(ye);燕之無(wu)函(han)也(ye)(ye)(ye),非無(wu)函(han)也(ye)(ye)(ye),夫人而(er)能(neng)為(wei)(wei)函(han)也(ye)(ye)(ye);秦之無(wu)廬(lu)也(ye)(ye)(ye),非無(wu)廬(lu)也(ye)(ye)(ye),夫人而(er)能(neng)為(wei)(wei)廬(lu)也(ye)(ye)(ye);胡之無(wu)弓(gong)車(che)也(ye)(ye)(ye),非無(wu)弓(gong)車(che)也(ye)(ye)(ye),夫人而(er)能(neng)為(wei)(wei)弓(gong)車(che)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

知得(de)創物,巧(qiao)者述之(zhi)守之(zhi),世謂(wei)之(zhi)工。百工之(zhi)事,皆(jie)圣(sheng)人(ren)之(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)也。爍金以為刃,凝土以為器,作(zuo)(zuo)車以行陸,作(zuo)(zuo)舟行水,此皆(jie)圣(sheng)人(ren)之(zhi)所作(zuo)(zuo)也。天有(you)時,地(di)有(you)氣(qi),材有(you)美(mei),工有(you)巧(qiao),合此四者,然后可以為良(liang)。材美(mei)工巧(qiao),然而不良(liang),則不時,不得(de)地(di)氣(qi)也。

橘窬淮而(er)(er)北為枳,瞿鵒(yu)不(bu)逾(yu)濟,貉逾(yu)汶則(ze)死(si),此(ci)地氣(qi)然也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);鄭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刀,宋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斤,魯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)削(xue),吳粵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劍,遷乎其地而(er)(er)弗(fu)能(neng)為良,地氣(qi)然也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。燕(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao),荊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)干,妢胡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)笴,吳粵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)金錫(xi),此(ci)材之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)以(yi)(yi)生,有(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)以(yi)(yi)殺;草木有(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)以(yi)(yi)生,有(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)以(yi)(yi)死(si),石(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)以(yi)(yi)泐,水有(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)以(yi)(yi)凝,有(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)以(yi)(yi)澤,此(ci)天(tian)時(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡(fan)攻(gong)木之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工七,攻(gong)金之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),攻(gong)皮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工五,設(she)色(se)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工五,刮摩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工五,搏(bo)埴(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工二(er)。攻(gong)木之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工:輪(lun)(lun)、輿(yu)(yu)、弓、廬、匠、車(che)(che)(che)、梓(zi);攻(gong)金這工:筑、冶、鳧(fu)、栗、段、桃;攻(gong)皮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工:函(han)、鮑、韗、韋、裘;設(she)色(se)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工:畫、繢、鍾(zhong)、筐、?;刮摩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工:玉(yu)、榔、雕、矢(shi)、磬;搏(bo)埴(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工:陶(tao)、瓬。有(you)(you)(you)(you)虞(yu)氏上陶(tao),夏后氏上匠,殷人(ren)上梓(zi),周人(ren)上輿(yu)(yu)。故(gu)一(yi)器而(er)(er)工聚(ju)焉(yan)者(zhe),車(che)(che)(che)為多。車(che)(che)(che)有(you)(you)(you)(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)等之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數:車(che)(che)(che)軫(zhen)四(si)(si)尺(chi)(chi),謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)等;戈(ge)柲六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)尺(chi)(chi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)寸,即建而(er)(er)迤,崇(chong)于(yu)(yu)軫(zhen)四(si)(si)尺(chi)(chi),謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)等;人(ren)長(chang)(chang)八尺(chi)(chi),崇(chong)于(yu)(yu)戈(ge)四(si)(si)尺(chi)(chi),謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三等;殳(shu)長(chang)(chang)尋有(you)(you)(you)(you)四(si)(si)尺(chi)(chi),崇(chong)于(yu)(yu)人(ren)四(si)(si)尺(chi)(chi),謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)等;車(che)(che)(che)戟常,崇(chong)于(yu)(yu)殳(shu)四(si)(si)尺(chi)(chi),謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五等;酋(qiu)矛常有(you)(you)(you)(you)四(si)(si)尺(chi)(chi),崇(chong)於戟四(si)(si)尺(chi)(chi),謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)等。車(che)(che)(che)謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)等之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數;凡(fan)察車(che)(che)(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,必自載于(yu)(yu)地者(zhe)始(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),是故(gu)察車(che)(che)(che)自輪(lun)(lun)始(shi)。凡(fan)察車(che)(che)(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,欲其樸(pu)屬而(er)(er)微至(zhi),不(bu)樸(pu)屬。無以(yi)(yi)為完久也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),不(bu)微至(zhi)。無以(yi)(yi)為戚速也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。輪(lun)(lun)已(yi)崇(chong),則(ze)人(ren)不(bu)能(neng)登也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),輪(lun)(lun)已(yi)庳(bi),則(ze)於馬終古(gu)登阤也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)兵車(che)(che)(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輪(lun)(lun)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)尺(chi)(chi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)寸,田車(che)(che)(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輪(lun)(lun)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)尺(chi)(chi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)三寸,乘車(che)(che)(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輪(lun)(lun)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)尺(chi)(chi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)寸,六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)尺(chi)(chi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)寸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輪(lun)(lun),軹(zhi)崇(chong)三尺(chi)(chi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)三寸也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),加(jia)軫(zhen)與轐焉(yan),四(si)(si)尺(chi)(chi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。人(ren)長(chang)(chang)八尺(chi)(chi),登下(xia)以(yi)(yi)為節。

輪人為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輪,斬(zhan)三材必以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)。三材既具,巧者(zhe)(zhe)和(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。轂(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)利轉也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。輻(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)直指也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。牙也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)固抱也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。輪敝,三材不失職,謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)完(wan)。望(wang)而(er)(er)(er)眡(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪,欲其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)幎爾(er)而(er)(er)(er)下(xia)迤也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。進而(er)(er)(er)眡(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),欲其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)微至(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。無所(suo)(suo)取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),取諸(zhu)圜也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。望(wang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輻(fu)(fu),欲其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)揱爾(er)而(er)(er)(er)纖(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。進而(er)(er)(er)眡(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),欲其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)肉稱也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。無所(suo)(suo)取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),取諸(zhu)易直也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。望(wang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)轂(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),欲其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)眼也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),進而(er)(er)(er)眡(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),欲其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)幬(chou)(chou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)廉(lian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。無所(suo)(suo)取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),取諸(zhu)急(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。眡(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)綆,欲其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)蚤(zao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),察其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)菑(zai)蚤(zao)不齲,則(ze)(ze)輪雖(sui)敝不匡。凡斬(zhan)轂(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,必矩其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)陰陽(yang)。陽(yang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe),稹理(li)而(er)(er)(er)堅;陰也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe),疏理(li)而(er)(er)(er)柔。是(shi)故以(yi)(yi)(yi)火養(yang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)陰,而(er)(er)(er)齊諸(zhu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)陽(yang),則(ze)(ze)轂(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)雖(sui)敝不蒿?。轂(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)小(xiao)而(er)(er)(er)長(chang)則(ze)(ze)柞,大而(er)(er)(er)短則(ze)(ze)摯。是(shi)故六分其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪崇(chong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牙圍(wei),參(can)分其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)牙圍(wei),而(er)(er)(er)漆其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)二(er)。槨(guo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)漆內(nei)而(er)(er)(er)中(zhong)詘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)轂(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)長(chang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)長(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圍(wei),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)圍(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阝力捎(shao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)藪。五分其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)轂(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang),去一(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)賢,去三以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)軹。容轂(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)必直,陳篆必正,施膠必厚,施筋(jin)必數,幬(chou)(chou)必負干。既摩,革色青白,謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)轂(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善。參(can)分其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)轂(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)長(chang),二(er)在外,一(yi)在內(nei),以(yi)(yi)(yi)置(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)幅。凡輻(fu)(fu),量(liang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鑿(zao)深(shen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輻(fu)(fu)廣(guang)。輻(fu)(fu)廣(guang)而(er)(er)(er)鑿(zao)淺,則(ze)(ze)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)大扤,雖(sui)有良(liang)工,莫(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能固。鑿(zao)深(shen)而(er)(er)(er)輻(fu)(fu)小(xiao),則(ze)(ze)是(shi)固有余,而(er)(er)(er)強(qiang)不足(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),故竑其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輻(fu)(fu)廣(guang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弱(ruo),則(ze)(ze)雖(sui)有重任(ren),轂(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不折。

參分(fen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)輻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長而(er)(er)殺其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi),則(ze)雖有深(shen)泥,亦弗(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溓也(ye)(ye)(ye)。參分(fen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)股圍(wei),去(qu)一(yi)以(yi)(yi)為?圍(wei),揉輻必(bi)齊,平沈必(bi)均,直(zhi)以(yi)(yi)指牙(ya),牙(ya)得,則(ze)無槷(yi)而(er)(er)固(gu),不得,則(ze)有槷(yi)必(bi)足見也(ye)(ye)(ye)。六尺有六寸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輪,綆參分(fen)寸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er),謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)固(gu)。凡為輪,行(xing)澤者欲杼(zhu),行(xing)山者欲侔。杼(zhu)以(yi)(yi)行(xing)澤,則(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)刀(dao)以(yi)(yi)割涂也(ye)(ye)(ye),是(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)涂不附。侔以(yi)(yi)行(xing)山,則(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)搏(bo)以(yi)(yi)行(xing)石也(ye)(ye)(ye),是(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)輪雖敝不甐(lin)于(yu)鑿。凡揉牙(ya),外不廉而(er)(er)內不挫(cuo),旁不腫,謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用火之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善。是(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)規之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)眡(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)圜也(ye)(ye)(ye),萭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)眡(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)匡也(ye)(ye)(ye)。縣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)眡(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)幅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)直(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye),水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)眡(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)平沈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)均也(ye)(ye)(ye),量其(qi)(qi)(qi)藪以(yi)(yi)黍,以(yi)(yi)眡(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)同也(ye)(ye)(ye),權(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)眡(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)輕重(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侔也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)可規、可萭、可水(shui)、可縣、可量、可權(quan)也(ye)(ye)(ye),謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)國工。

輪人為蓋(gai),達常圍三雨,桯(ting)(ting)圍倍(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),六(liu)寸(cun)(cun)。信其桯(ting)(ting)圍以為部廣,部廣六(liu)寸(cun)(cun)。部長(chang)二(er)尺(chi)(chi),桯(ting)(ting)長(chang)倍(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),四尺(chi)(chi)者二(er)。十分(fen)(fen)寸(cun)(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一,謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枚(mei)(mei),部尊(zun)一枚(mei)(mei),弓鑿廣四枚(mei)(mei),鑿上(shang)二(er)枚(mei)(mei),鑿下(xia)四枚(mei)(mei),鑿深二(er)寸(cun)(cun)有半,下(xia)直二(er)枚(mei)(mei),鑿端一枚(mei)(mei)。弓長(chang)六(liu)尺(chi)(chi)謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庇軹,五尺(chi)(chi)謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庇輪,四尺(chi)(chi)謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庇軫,參(can)分(fen)(fen)弓長(chang)而揉其一,參(can)分(fen)(fen)其股(gu)圍,去一以為蚤圍。參(can)分(fen)(fen)弓長(chang),以其一為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun),上(shang)欲尊(zun)而宇欲卑,上(shang)尊(zun)而宇卑,則(ze)吐水,疾而霤遠(yuan)。蓋(gai)已崇(chong),則(ze)難(nan)為門也(ye),蓋(gai)也(ye)卑,是(shi)蔽目也(ye)。是(shi)故蓋(gai)崇(chong)十尺(chi)(chi),良蓋(gai)弗冒弗纮,殷(yin)畝而馳,不(bu)隊(dui),謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)國工。

輿(yu)人為車(che),輪崇、車(che)廣(guang)、衡(heng)長參,如(ru)一(yi)(yi),謂之(zhi)參稱。參分(fen)車(che)廣(guang),去一(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)為隧。參分(fen)其隧,一(yi)(yi)在前,二在后,在揉其式。以(yi)(yi)其廣(guang)之(zhi)半為之(zhi)式崇,以(yi)(yi)其隧之(zhi)半為之(zhi)較崇。六分(fen)其廣(guang),以(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)為之(zhi)軫圍(wei)。參分(fen)軫圍(wei),去一(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)為式圍(wei)。參分(fen)式圍(wei),去一(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)為較圍(wei)。參分(fen)較圍(wei),去一(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)為軹(zhi)圍(wei)。參分(fen)軹(zhi)圍(wei),去一(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)為轛(dui)圍(wei)。圜者(zhe)(zhe)中規,方(fang)者(zhe)(zhe)中矩,立者(zhe)(zhe)中縣(xian),衡(heng)者(zhe)(zhe)中水(shui),直者(zhe)(zhe)如(ru)生焉,繼者(zhe)(zhe)如(ru)附焉。凡居材,大與小無并(bing),大倚(yi)小則摧,引之(zhi)則絕,棧車(che)欲弇,飾車(che)欲侈。

辀(zhou)人為(wei)(wei)辀(zhou)。辀(zhou)有三(san)度(du),軸有三(san)理。國馬(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辀(zhou),深四尺有七(qi)寸(cun),田(tian)馬(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辀(zhou)深四尺,駑馬(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辀(zhou),深三(san)尺有三(san)寸(cun)。軸有三(san)理:一(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)■也(ye)(ye)(ye);二者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)久(jiu)也(ye)(ye)(ye);三(san)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)利也(ye)(ye)(ye)。軓前(qian)十(shi)(shi)尺,而(er)策半之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。凡任(ren)木、任(ren)正者(zhe),十(shi)(shi)分(fen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)辀(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圍(wei)。衡任(ren)者(zhe),五(wu)(wu)分(fen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)長,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圍(wei)。小于度(du),謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)任(ren)。五(wu)(wu)分(fen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)軫間,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軸圍(wei)。十(shi)(shi)分(fen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)辀(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)當兔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圍(wei)。參分(fen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兔圍(wei),去一(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)頸圍(wei)。五(wu)(wu)分(fen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)頸圍(wei),去一(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)踵圍(wei)。凡揉(rou)辀(zhou),欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孫而(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)弧深。今夫(fu)大車之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)轅摯,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)登(deng)(deng)又難,既克其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)登(deng)(deng),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)覆車也(ye)(ye)(ye)必(bi)易。此(ci)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)故,唯(wei)轅直且無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)橈(rao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)故大車,平地(di)既節軒(xuan)摯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任(ren),及(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)登(deng)(deng)阝也(ye)(ye)(ye),不(bu)伏其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)轅,必(bi)縊(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)牛(niu)。此(ci)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)故,唯(wei)轅直且無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)橈(rao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故登(deng)(deng)阤者(zhe),倍任(ren)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye),猶能以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)登(deng)(deng),及(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)下(xia)阤也(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)援其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)邸,必(bi)緧其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)牛(niu)后。此(ci)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)故,唯(wei)轅直且無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)橈(rao)也(ye)(ye)(ye),是(shi)故辀(zhou)欲(yu)頎典,辀(zhou)深則折,淺則負。辀(zhou)注則利準,利準則久(jiu),和則安。

辀(zhou)(zhou)欲(yu)百無折(zhe),經(jing)而無絕,進則與馬(ma)(ma)謀,退則與人(ren)謀,終目馳騁,左不楗行數千里馬(ma)(ma)不契需,終歲御,衣衽不敝。此唯(wei)辀(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)和(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。勸登(deng)馬(ma)(ma)力,馬(ma)(ma)力既竭,辀(zhou)(zhou)猶(you)能一取焉,良辀(zhou)(zhou)環灂,自伏(fu)兔不至軓,七(qi)(qi)寸,軓中有(you)灂,謂之(zhi)國辀(zhou)(zhou)。軫之(zhi)方(fang)也(ye)(ye)(ye),以(yi)象地也(ye)(ye)(ye);蓋之(zhi)圜也(ye)(ye)(ye),以(yi)象天也(ye)(ye)(ye);輪輻三十(shi),以(yi)象日月也(ye)(ye)(ye);蓋弓二(er)十(shi)有(you)八,以(yi)象星也(ye)(ye)(ye);龍旂九斿,以(yi)象大火也(ye)(ye)(ye);鳥旟七(qi)(qi)斿;以(yi)象鶉火也(ye)(ye)(ye);熊旗六(liu)斿,以(yi)象伐也(ye)(ye)(ye);龜(gui)蛇四斿,以(yi)象營室也(ye)(ye)(ye);弧(hu)旌枉矢,以(yi)象弧(hu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

攻(gong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工,筑氏(shi)(shi)執下(xia)齊(qi),治氏(shi)(shi)執上(shang)齊(qi),鳧氏(shi)(shi)為聲,?氏(shi)(shi)為量(liang),段氏(shi)(shi)為鏄器,桃(tao)氏(shi)(shi)為刃。金(jin)(jin)(jin)有六齊(qi):六分(fen)(fen)其(qi)(qi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)而(er)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)居(ju)一,謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)鼎(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齊(qi);五(wu)分(fen)(fen)其(qi)(qi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)而(er)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)居(ju)一,謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斧斤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齊(qi);四分(fen)(fen)其(qi)(qi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)而(er)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)居(ju)一,謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戈戟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齊(qi)參分(fen)(fen)其(qi)(qi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)而(er)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)居(ju)一,謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大刃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齊(qi);五(wu)分(fen)(fen)其(qi)(qi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)而(er)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)居(ju)二,謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)削殺矢(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齊(qi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)半(ban),謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鑒燧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齊(qi)。

筑(zhu)氏為削,長尺(chi)博寸,合六(liu)而(er)成規(gui)。欲新而(er)無(wu)(wu)窮,敝盡而(er)無(wu)(wu)惡。

冶氏為殺矢,刃(ren)長(chang)寸(cun)圍寸(cun),鋌十之(zhi)(zhi),重三垸。戈廣(guang)二寸(cun),內倍(bei)之(zhi)(zhi),胡三之(zhi)(zhi),援四之(zhi)(zhi),已(yi)倨(ju)則(ze)不(bu)入(ru),已(yi)句則(ze)不(bu)決。長(chang)內則(ze)折前,短(duan)內則(ze)不(bu)疾,是故倨(ju)句外博,重三鋝(lve)。戟廣(guang)寸(cun)有(you)半寸(cun),內三之(zhi)(zhi),胡四之(zhi)(zhi),援五之(zhi)(zhi),倨(ju)句中矩,與刺重三鋝(lve)。

桃(tao)氏為(wei)劍(jian),臘(la)廣二寸有半(ban)(ban)寸,兩(liang)従半(ban)(ban)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。以其(qi)(qi)臘(la)廣為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)莖(jing)圍(wei),長(chang)(chang)倍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),中(zhong)其(qi)(qi)莖(jing),設其(qi)(qi)后(hou)。參分(fen)其(qi)(qi)臘(la)廣,去(qu)一(yi)以為(wei)首廣,而圍(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。身(shen)長(chang)(chang)五(wu)其(qi)(qi)莖(jing)長(chang)(chang),重(zhong)九鋝(lve),謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上制,上士服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。身(shen)長(chang)(chang)四其(qi)(qi)莖(jing)長(chang)(chang),重(zhong)七鋝(lve),謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)制,中(zhong)士服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。身(shen)長(chang)(chang)三其(qi)(qi)莖(jing)長(chang)(chang),重(zhong)五(wu)鋝(lve),謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)制,下(xia)士服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

鳧氏為(wei)(wei)鐘(zhong),兩欒(luan)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)銑,銑間(jian)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于,于上(shang)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鼓(gu),鼓(gu)上(shang)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鉦(zheng)(zheng),鉦(zheng)(zheng)上(shang)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舞(wu),舞(wu)上(shang)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甬(yong)(yong)(yong),甬(yong)(yong)(yong)上(shang)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衡,鐘(zhong)縣(xian)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旋,旋蟲謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)干,鐘(zhong)帶謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篆,篆間(jian)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枚(mei),枚(mei)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景,于上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)攠謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隧。十分其(qi)銑,去(qu)二(er)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)鉦(zheng)(zheng)。以(yi)其(qi)鉦(zheng)(zheng)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)銑間(jian),去(qu)二(er)分以(yi)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鼓(gu)間(jian)。以(yi)其(qi)鼓(gu)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舞(wu)修(xiu),去(qu)二(er)分以(yi)為(wei)(wei)舞(wu)廣。以(yi)其(qi)鉦(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甬(yong)(yong)(yong)長(chang)(chang),以(yi)其(qi)甬(yong)(yong)(yong)長(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圍(wei)。參分其(qi)圍(wei),去(qu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)衡圍(wei)。參分其(qi)甬(yong)(yong)(yong)長(chang)(chang),二(er)在上(shang),一(yi)(yi)(yi)在下,以(yi)設其(qi)旋。薄厚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)震(zhen)動,清(qing)濁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)由出,侈(chi)弇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)由興(xing),有說(shuo)。鐘(zhong)已(yi)厚則(ze)石(shi),已(yi)薄則(ze)播(bo),侈(chi)則(ze)柞,弇則(ze)郁,長(chang)(chang)甬(yong)(yong)(yong)則(ze)震(zhen)。是故大鐘(zhong)十分其(qi)鼓(gu)間(jian),以(yi)其(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厚;小鐘(zhong)十分其(qi)鉦(zheng)(zheng)間(jian),以(yi)其(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厚。鐘(zhong)大而(er)(er)短(duan),則(ze)其(qi)聲疾而(er)(er)短(duan)聞(wen);鐘(zhong)小而(er)(er)長(chang)(chang),則(ze)其(qi)聲舒而(er)(er)遠聞(wen)。為(wei)(wei)遂,六分其(qi)厚,以(yi)其(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深,而(er)(er)圜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

氏(shi)為(wei)量,改煎金、錫則不秅,不秅然(ran)后權之(zhi),權之(zhi)然(ran)后準之(zhi),準之(zhi)然(ran)后量之(zhi)。量之(zhi)以為(wei)鬴(fu),深(shen)尺,內(nei)方尺而圜其外,其實一(yi)鬴(fu),其臂一(yi)寸(cun),其實一(yi)豆;其耳三寸(cun)。其實一(yi)升(sheng),重一(yi)鈞,其聲中(zhong)黃鐘之(zhi)宮(gong),概而不悅(yue)。其銘(ming)曰(yue):“時文思(si)索,允臻其極,嘉量既(ji)成,以觀四(si)國(guo),永啟厥后,茲器維則。”凡鑄金之(zhi)狀;金與錫,黑濁(zhuo)之(zhi)氣(qi)竭,黃白(bai)(bai)(bai)次之(zhi),黃白(bai)(bai)(bai)之(zhi)氣(qi)竭,青白(bai)(bai)(bai)次之(zhi)。青白(bai)(bai)(bai)之(zhi)氣(qi)竭,青氣(qi)次之(zhi),然(ran)后可鑄也(ye)。

段氏闕。

函人為(wei)(wei)(wei)甲(jia),犀甲(jia)七屬(shu)(shu),兕(si)甲(jia)六屬(shu)(shu),合甲(jia)五屬(shu)(shu)。犀甲(jia)壽百年,兕(si)甲(jia)壽二百年,合甲(jia)壽三百年。凡為(wei)(wei)(wei)甲(jia),必(bi)先為(wei)(wei)(wei)容,然(ran)后制革。權其(qi)(qi)(qi)上旅(lv)與其(qi)(qi)(qi)下旅(lv),而重若一(yi),以其(qi)(qi)(qi)長為(wei)(wei)(wei)之圍。凡甲(jia),鍛不(bu)摯(zhi)則不(bu)堅(jian),已敝則橈。凡察(cha)革之道,眡(di)(di)(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)鉆空,欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)豐(feng)也(ye)(ye);眡(di)(di)(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li),欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)易也(ye)(ye);眡(di)(di)(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)朕(zhen),欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)直也(ye)(ye),櫜之欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)約也(ye)(ye);舉(ju)而眡(di)(di)(di)之,欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)豐(feng)也(ye)(ye);衣之,欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)無齘也(ye)(ye)。眡(di)(di)(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)鉆空而惌,則革堅(jian)也(ye)(ye);眡(di)(di)(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)而易,則材更也(ye)(ye);眡(di)(di)(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)朕(zhen)而直,則制善也(ye)(ye)。櫜之而約,則周也(ye)(ye);舉(ju)之而豐(feng);則明也(ye)(ye);衣之無齘,則變也(ye)(ye)。

鮑(bao)人之(zhi)(zhi)事,望而(er)(er)(er)眡之(zhi)(zhi),欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)荼(tu)白也(ye)(ye)(ye);進而(er)(er)(er)握之(zhi)(zhi),欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)柔(rou)而(er)(er)(er)滑也(ye)(ye)(ye);卷而(er)(er)(er)摶之(zhi)(zhi),欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)無迆也(ye)(ye)(ye);眡其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)著,欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)淺也(ye)(ye)(ye);察其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)線,欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)藏(zang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。革欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)荼(tu)白而(er)(er)(er)疾(ji),汗(han)之(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)(ze)堅(jian),欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)柔(rou)滑而(er)(er)(er)腛,脂之(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)(ze)需,引(yin)而(er)(er)(er)信(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)。欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)直也(ye)(ye)(ye),信(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)直,則(ze)(ze)取材正(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。信(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)枉,則(ze)(ze)是一(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)緩一(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)急(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若茍一(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)緩一(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)急(ji),則(ze)(ze)及其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)用之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye),必自其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)急(ji)者(zhe)先裂(lie)。若茍自急(ji)者(zhe)先裂(lie),則(ze)(ze)是以博(bo)為帴也(ye)(ye)(ye)。卷而(er)(er)(er)摶之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)迆,則(ze)(ze)厚薄序也(ye)(ye)(ye)。眡其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)著而(er)(er)(er)淺,則(ze)(ze)革信(xin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。察其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)線而(er)(er)(er)藏(zang),則(ze)(ze)雖敝不(bu)甐。

韗人為(wei)皋陶,長(chang)(chang)六尺(chi)有六寸,左右端(duan)廣六寸,中尺(chi),厚三寸,穹者三之一,上三正。鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)長(chang)(chang)八尺(chi),鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)四尺(chi),中圍加三之一,謂(wei)之。為(wei)皋鼓(gu)(gu)(gu),長(chang)(chang)尋有四尺(chi),鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)四尺(chi),倨句磬折。凡(fan)冒鼓(gu)(gu)(gu);必以啟(qi)蟄之日(ri),良鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)瑕如積環。鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)大(da)而短,則(ze)其聲(sheng)疾而短聞;鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)小(xiao)而長(chang)(chang),則(ze)其聲(sheng)舒(shu)而遠(yuan)聞。

韋氏闕。

裘氏闕。

畫繢之(zhi)事(shi),雜(za)五色。東方(fang)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)青(qing),南方(fang)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)赤(chi),西方(fang)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)白(bai),北(bei)方(fang)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)黑,天謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)玄,地謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)黃(huang)。青(qing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)白(bai)相(xiang)次(ci)也,赤(chi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)黑相(xiang)次(ci)也,玄與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)黃(huang)相(xiang)次(ci)也。青(qing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)赤(chi)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)文,赤(chi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)白(bai)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)章,白(bai)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)黑謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)黼,黑與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)青(qing)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)黻,五采,備謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)繡。土以(yi)黃(huang),其象(xiang)方(fang)天時變。火以(yi)圜,山以(yi)章,水以(yi)龍,鳥(niao)獸(shou)蛇。雜(za)四時五色之(zhi)位以(yi)章之(zhi),謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)巧。凡畫繢之(zhi)事(shi)后素功。

鐘氏染羽,以朱湛、丹秫,三月而熾之(zhi),淳而漬(zi)之(zhi)。三入(ru)為(wei)纁(xun),五入(ru)為(wei)緅,七入(ru)為(wei)緇(zi)。

筐人闕。

?荒氏(shi)湅(lian)絲(si),以涚水(shui)漚(ou)其絲(si)七日(ri),去(qu)地尺暴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。晝(zhou)暴諸(zhu)(zhu)日(ri),夜宿(su)諸(zhu)(zhu)井。七日(ri)七夜,是謂(wei)水(shui)湅(lian)。湅(lian)帛,以欄為灰,渥淳其帛,實諸(zhu)(zhu)澤器,淫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以蜃,清其灰而(er)盝(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而(er)揮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而(er)沃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而(er)盝(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而(er)涂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而(er)宿(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。明日(ri),沃而(er)盝(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),晝(zhou)暴諸(zhu)(zhu)日(ri),夜宿(su)諸(zhu)(zhu)井。七日(ri)七夜,是謂(wei)水(shui)湅(lian)。

玉人之(zhi)事,鎮圭(gui)(gui)(gui)尺(chi)有(you)(you)二寸(cun)(cun),天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)守(shou)(shou)之(zhi);命(ming)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)九(jiu)(jiu)寸(cun)(cun),謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)桓圭(gui)(gui)(gui),公(gong)守(shou)(shou)之(zhi);命(ming)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)七(qi)(qi)寸(cun)(cun),謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)信圭(gui)(gui)(gui),侯守(shou)(shou)之(zhi);命(ming)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)七(qi)(qi)寸(cun)(cun),謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)躬圭(gui)(gui)(gui),伯(bo)守(shou)(shou)之(zhi)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)執冒四(si)寸(cun)(cun),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朝諸(zhu)(zhu)侯。天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)用(yong)(yong)全,上公(gong)用(yong)(yong)龍,侯用(yong)(yong)瓚,伯(bo)用(yong)(yong)將(jiang),繼子(zi)(zi)男執皮帛。天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)中(zhong)必,四(si)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)尺(chi)有(you)(you)二寸(cun)(cun),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀天(tian)(tian)(tian);大(da)(da)(da)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)長(chang)三尺(chi),杼(zhu)上終葵首(shou),天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)服之(zhi);土圭(gui)(gui)(gui)尺(chi)有(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致日、以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)土地;祼圭(gui)(gui)(gui)尺(chi)有(you)(you)二寸(cun)(cun),有(you)(you)瓚,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀廟;琬圭(gui)(gui)(gui)九(jiu)(jiu)寸(cun)(cun)而繅(sao),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)象德;琰(yan)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)九(jiu)(jiu)寸(cun)(cun),判(pan)規,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)除慝,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)易行;璧羨度(du)尺(chi),好三寸(cun)(cun),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為度(du);圭(gui)(gui)(gui)璧五(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀日月(yue)星(xing)辰;璧琮(cong)(cong)九(jiu)(jiu)寸(cun)(cun),諸(zhu)(zhu)侯以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)享(xiang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi);谷圭(gui)(gui)(gui)七(qi)(qi)寸(cun)(cun),天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)聘(pin)女;大(da)(da)(da)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)中(zhong)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)九(jiu)(jiu)寸(cun)(cun),邊璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)七(qi)(qi)寸(cun)(cun),射(she)(she)四(si)寸(cun)(cun),厚(hou)寸(cun)(cun),黃(huang)金(jin)勺,青金(jin)外,朱中(zhong),鼻寸(cun)(cun),衡四(si)寸(cun)(cun),有(you)(you)繅(sao),天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)巡守(shou)(shou)。宗祝(zhu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)馬,大(da)(da)(da)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)亦如(ru)之(zhi),諸(zhu)(zhu)侯以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)聘(pin)女。瑑圭(gui)(gui)(gui)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)八寸(cun)(cun)。璧琮(cong)(cong)八寸(cun)(cun),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)覜聘(pin)。牙璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)中(zhong)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)七(qi)(qi)寸(cun)(cun),射(she)(she)二寸(cun)(cun),厚(hou)寸(cun)(cun),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)起軍旅,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)治兵守(shou)(shou)。駔琮(cong)(cong)五(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun),宗后以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為權。大(da)(da)(da)琮(cong)(cong)十(shi)有(you)(you)二寸(cun)(cun),射(she)(she)四(si)寸(cun)(cun),厚(hou)寸(cun)(cun),是謂(wei)(wei)內鎮,宗后守(shou)(shou)之(zhi)。駔琮(cong)(cong)七(qi)(qi)寸(cun)(cun),鼻寸(cun)(cun)有(you)(you)半寸(cun)(cun),天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為權。兩圭(gui)(gui)(gui)五(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun)有(you)(you)邸,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀地,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)旅四(si)望(wang)。瑑琮(cong)(cong)八寸(cun)(cun),諸(zhu)(zhu)侯以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)享(xiang)夫(fu)人。案(an)十(shi)有(you)(you)二寸(cun)(cun),棗栗(li)十(shi)有(you)(you)二列,諸(zhu)(zhu)侯純九(jiu)(jiu),大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)純五(wu)(wu),夫(fu)人以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)勞諸(zhu)(zhu)侯。璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)邸射(she)(she)素功,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀山川,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致稍餼。

雕人闕。

磬(qing)(qing)氏為(wei)磬(qing)(qing),倨句一(yi)矩(ju)有半,其博(bo)(bo)為(wei)一(yi),股為(wei)二,鼓(gu)為(wei)三。參分其鼓(gu)博(bo)(bo),去(qu)一(yi)以為(wei)鼓(gu)博(bo)(bo)。參分其鼓(gu)博(bo)(bo),以其一(yi)為(wei)之厚。已上,則摩(mo)其旁;已下,則摩(mo)其專。

《考工記》“兵器”

鍭矢,參分。茀矢,參分一(yi)在(zai)(zai)前(qian),二(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)后(hou)。兵矢、田矢,五(wu)分二(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)前(qian),三(san)在(zai)(zai)后(hou)。殺矢,七分三(san)在(zai)(zai)前(qian),四在(zai)(zai)后(hou)。參分其(qi)長(chang),而(er)(er)殺其(qi)一(yi)。五(wu)分其(qi)長(chang),而(er)(er)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)一(yi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)笴厚(hou)(hou)為(wei)(wei)之羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)深。水之,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辨(bian)其(qi)陰陽(yang)(yang),夾其(qi)陰陽(yang)(yang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)設(she)其(qi)比。夾其(qi)比,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)設(she)其(qi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。參分其(qi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)設(she)其(qi)刃,則雖有疾風,亦弗之能憚矣(yi)。刃長(chang)寸(cun)圍寸(cun),鋌十之,重(zhong)三(san)垸。前(qian)弱則俯,后(hou)弱則翔,中弱則紆,中強則揚。羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)豐(feng)則遲,羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)殺則趮(zao)。是故夾而(er)(er)搖(yao)之,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)眡其(qi)豐(feng)殺之節也(ye)。橈(rao)之,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)眡其(qi)鴻殺之稱也(ye)。凡(fan)相笴,欲(yu)生而(er)(er)摶。同摶,欲(yu)重(zhong);同重(zhong),節欲(yu)疏(shu)(shu);同疏(shu)(shu),欲(yu)?。陶人為(wei)(wei)■,實(shi)二(er)(er)鬴,厚(hou)(hou)半(ban)(ban)寸(cun),唇(chun)寸(cun)。盆實(shi)二(er)(er)鬴,厚(hou)(hou)半(ban)(ban)寸(cun),唇(chun)寸(cun)。甑實(shi)二(er)(er)鬴,厚(hou)(hou)半(ban)(ban)寸(cun),唇(chun)寸(cun),七穿(chuan)。鬲實(shi)五(wu)觳,厚(hou)(hou)半(ban)(ban)寸(cun),唇(chun)寸(cun)。庾,實(shi)二(er)(er)觳,厚(hou)(hou)半(ban)(ban)寸(cun),唇(chun)寸(cun)。

瓬人為簋,實(shi)一(yi)觳(hu),崇尺(chi)(chi),厚半寸,唇寸。豆實(shi)三而(er)成觳(hu),崇尺(chi)(chi)。凡(fan)陶瓬之事,髻墾薜暴不入(ru)市。器中膊,豆中縣(xian),膊崇四尺(chi)(chi),方四寸。

梓人為筍(sun)虡(ju)。天(tian)下之大獸五(wu):脂(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、膏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、臝者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、羽者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、鱗(lin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。宗廟之事,脂(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)膏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)為牲,臝者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、羽者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、鱗(lin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)為筍(sun)虡(ju),外骨、內骨,卻行、紆(yu)行、以(yi)脰(dou)鳴(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、以(yi)注鳴(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、以(yi)旁鳴(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、以(yi)翼鳴(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、以(yi)股鳴(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、以(yi)胸鳴(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),謂(wei)之小(xiao)蟲之屬,以(yi)為雕琢。厚唇(chun)弇口,出目(mu)短耳,大胸燿后,大體(ti)短脰(dou),若(ruo)是者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)謂(wei)之臝屬。恒有(you)力而不能走,其聲(sheng)大而宏(hong)。有(you)力而不能走,則于(yu)任重宜;大聲(sheng)而宏(hong),則于(yu)鐘(zhong)宜。若(ruo)是者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)為鐘(zhong)虛,是故(gu)擊其所縣,而由其虛鳴(ming)。銳喙決吻,數(shu)目(mu)顅脰(dou),小(xiao)體(ti)騫腹,若(ruo)是者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)謂(wei)之羽屬。

恒無力而(er)(er)(er)輕(qing),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)聲清陽而(er)(er)(er)遠聞。無力而(er)(er)(er)輕(qing),則(ze)于(yu)任輕(qing)宜;其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)聲清陽而(er)(er)(er)遠聞,則(ze)于(yu)磬宜若是者以為磬虛,故擊其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所縣而(er)(er)(er)由其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)虛鳴(ming)(ming)。小首(shou)而(er)(er)(er)長,摶身而(er)(er)(er)鴻,若是者謂之(zhi)鱗(lin)屬,以為筍(sun)。凡攫閷援{筴口(kou)}之(zhi)類,必深其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爪,出(chu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)目(mu)(mu),作(zuo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鱗(lin)之(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)。深其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爪,出(chu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)目(mu)(mu),作(zuo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鱗(lin)之(zhi)而(er)(er)(er),則(ze)于(yu)眡必撥爾而(er)(er)(er)怒。茍撥爾而(er)(er)(er)怒,則(ze)于(yu)任重宜,且其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)匪色(se)必似鳴(ming)(ming)矣(yi)。爪不(bu)深,目(mu)(mu)不(bu)出(chu),鱗(lin)之(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)作(zuo),則(ze)必穨爾如(ru)委矣(yi),茍穨爾如(ru)委,則(ze)加任焉,則(ze)必如(ru)將(jiang)廢措,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)匪色(se)必似不(bu)鳴(ming)(ming)矣(yi)。

梓人(ren)為飲(yin)器(qi),勺一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)升(sheng),爵一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)升(sheng),觚三(san)升(sheng)。獻(xian)以(yi)爵而酬以(yi)觚。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)獻(xian)而三(san)酬,則一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)豆矣(yi);食(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)豆肉,飲(yin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)豆酒,中(zhong)人(ren)之(zhi)食(shi)也。凡(fan)試梓飲(yin)器(qi),鄉衡而實不(bu)盡(jin),梓師罪之(zhi)。梓人(ren)為侯(hou)(hou),廣(guang)與崇方。參分其(qi)廣(guang),而鵠居一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)焉(yan)。上(shang)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge),與其(qi)身三(san);下兩(liang)個(ge)(ge),半(ban)之(zhi)。上(shang)綱與下綱出舌尋,縜寸焉(yan)。張(zhang)皮侯(hou)(hou)而棲鵠,則春以(yi)功;張(zhang)五采(cai)之(zhi)侯(hou)(hou),則遠國屬;張(zhang)獸侯(hou)(hou),則王以(yi)息(xi)燕(yan)。祭侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)禮(li),以(yi)酒脯醢,其(qi)辭曰:“惟若(ruo)寧侯(hou)(hou),毋或(huo)若(ruo)女(nv)不(bu)寧侯(hou)(hou),不(bu)屬于王所。故抗而射女(nv),強(qiang)飲(yin)強(qiang)食(shi),詒(yi)女(nv)曾(ceng)孫諸侯(hou)(hou)百(bai)福。”

廬人(ren)為廬器,戈柲六(liu)尺(chi)有六(liu)寸,殳長尋有四尺(chi),車戟(ji)常(chang),酋矛(mao)常(chang)有四尺(chi),夷(yi)矛(mao)三尋。凡(fan)(fan)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)無過三其身,過三其身,弗(fu)能用(yong)也,而(er)無已(yi),又以(yi)(yi)害人(ren)。故攻國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)欲(yu)短(duan),守國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)欲(yu)長。攻國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)眾,行地遠(yuan),食飲饑,且涉山林之(zhi)(zhi)阻(zu),是故兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)欲(yu)短(duan);守國(guo)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)寡,食飲飽,行地不(bu)遠(yuan),且不(bu)涉山謂林之(zhi)(zhi)阻(zu),是故兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)欲(yu)長。凡(fan)(fan)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),句(ju)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)欲(yu)無彈,刺(ci)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)欲(yu)無蜎。是故句(ju)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)椑,刺(ci)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)摶。■兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)同強,舉(ju)圍欲(yu)細,細則校。刺(ci)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)同強,舉(ju)圍欲(yu)重(zhong),重(zhong)欲(yu)傅(fu)人(ren),傅(fu)人(ren)則密,是故侵之(zhi)(zhi)。凡(fan)(fan)為殳,五(wu)分其長,以(yi)(yi)其一為之(zhi)(zhi)被,而(er)圍之(zhi)(zhi)。

參分(fen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)圍(wei),去(qu)一(yi)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)晉(jin)圍(wei)。五分(fen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)晉(jin)圍(wei),去(qu)一(yi)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)首圍(wei)。凡為(wei)(wei)酋矛(mao),參分(fen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)長(chang),二在前,一(yi)在后,而圍(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)。五分(fen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)圍(wei),去(qu)一(yi)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)晉(jin)圍(wei)。參分(fen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)晉(jin)圍(wei),去(qu)一(yi)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)刺圍(wei)。凡試廬事(shi),置(zhi)而搖之(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)眡其(qi)(qi)(qi)蜎也;炙諸墻,以(yi)(yi)眡其(qi)(qi)(qi)橈之(zhi)(zhi)均也;橫而搖之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)眡其(qi)(qi)(qi)勁也。六建既備,車不反(fan)覆,謂之(zhi)(zhi)國工。匠(jiang)人建國,水地以(yi)(yi)縣,置(zhi)槷(yi)以(yi)(yi)縣,眡以(yi)(yi)景(jing),為(wei)(wei)規(gui),識日(ri)出之(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)與日(ri)入之(zhi)(zhi)景(jing),晝(zhou)參諸日(ri)中之(zhi)(zhi)景(jing),夜考之(zhi)(zhi)極星,以(yi)(yi)正朝夕(xi)。

考工記-春秋戰國(guo)建筑(zhu)

匠人(ren)營國(guo),方九(jiu)(jiu)里,旁三門(men)。國(guo)中九(jiu)(jiu)經九(jiu)(jiu)緯,經涂九(jiu)(jiu)軌,左祖(zu)右社(she),面朝(chao)后市(shi),市(shi)朝(chao)一(yi)(yi)夫。夏后氏世室(shi),堂(tang)修(xiu)(xiu)二(er)七(qi),廣(guang)四修(xiu)(xiu)一(yi)(yi),五室(shi),三四步,四三尺(chi),九(jiu)(jiu)階,四旁兩夾{穴(xue)怱},白盛,門(men)堂(tang)三之(zhi)二(er),室(shi)三之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。殷人(ren)重(zhong)屋(wu),堂(tang)修(xiu)(xiu)七(qi)尋,堂(tang)崇三尺(chi),四阿重(zhong)屋(wu)。周人(ren)明堂(tang),度九(jiu)(jiu)尺(chi)之(zhi)筵(yan)(yan),東西(xi)九(jiu)(jiu)筵(yan)(yan),南北七(qi)筵(yan)(yan),堂(tang)崇一(yi)(yi)筵(yan)(yan),五室(shi),凡室(shi)二(er)筵(yan)(yan)。室(shi)中度以(yi)(yi)幾,堂(tang)上度以(yi)(yi)筵(yan)(yan),宮中度以(yi)(yi)尋,野度以(yi)(yi)步,涂度以(yi)(yi)軌,廟門(men)容(rong)大扃七(qi)個(ge),闈門(men)容(rong)小扃三個(ge),路門(men)不容(rong)乘車(che)之(zhi)五個(ge),應(ying)門(men)二(er)徹三個(ge)。內(nei)有九(jiu)(jiu)室(shi),九(jiu)(jiu)嬪居之(zhi)。外有九(jiu)(jiu)室(shi),九(jiu)(jiu)卿朝(chao)焉。

九(jiu)分其國,以為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)九(jiu)分,九(jiu)卿治之(zhi)(zhi)。王(wang)宮門阿之(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)五雉,宮隅之(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)七雉,城隅之(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)九(jiu)雉,經涂(tu)九(jiu)軌(gui),環涂(tu)七軌(gui),野(ye)涂(tu)五軌(gui)。門阿之(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi),以為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)都(dou)城之(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)。宮隅之(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi),以為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)諸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)城制(zhi)。環涂(tu)以為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)諸侯(hou)經涂(tu),野(ye)涂(tu)以為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)都(dou)經涂(tu)。匠人為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)溝(gou)(gou)洫,耜(si)廣(guang)五寸(cun),二(er)(er)耜(si)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)耦一耦之(zhi)(zhi)伐,廣(guang)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)深(shen)尺(chi)(chi)(chi),謂之(zhi)(zhi)■;田首倍(bei)之(zhi)(zhi),廣(guang)二(er)(er)尺(chi)(chi)(chi),深(shen)二(er)(er)尺(chi)(chi)(chi),謂之(zhi)(zhi)遂九(jiu)夫(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)井,井間廣(guang)四尺(chi)(chi)(chi),深(shen)四尺(chi)(chi)(chi),謂之(zhi)(zhi)溝(gou)(gou)方十里(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng),成(cheng)間廣(guang)八(ba)尺(chi)(chi)(chi),深(shen)八(ba)尺(chi)(chi)(chi),謂之(zhi)(zhi)洫;方百里(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong),同(tong)間廣(guang)二(er)(er)尋,深(shen)二(er)(er)仞,謂之(zhi)(zhi)澮。專達于川(chuan),各載其名。凡天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)地埶,兩(liang)山之(zhi)(zhi)間,必(bi)有(you)川(chuan)焉,大川(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)上,必(bi)有(you)涂(tu)焉。凡溝(gou)(gou)逆地阞謂之(zhi)(zhi)不行(xing)。水屬不理孫,謂之(zhi)(zhi)不行(xing)。梢溝(gou)(gou)三十里(li),而廣(guang)倍(bei)。

《考工記》建筑

凡(fan)行奠水(shui),磬折以參(can)伍。欲為(wei)淵,購句于矩。凡(fan)溝(gou)必因水(shui)埶,防必因地埶。善溝(gou)者。水(shui)漱之(zhi);善防者,水(shui)淫之(zhi)。凡(fan)為(wei)防,廣與崇(chong)方,其(qi)閷(shai)參(can)分去一(yi),大防外閷(shai),凡(fan)溝(gou)防,必一(yi)日(ri)先深之(zhi)以為(wei)式,里(li)為(wei)式,然后(hou)可(ke)以傅眾力。凡(fan)任索約(yue),大汲其(qi)版,謂(wei)之(zhi)無(wu)任。茸屋參(can)分,瓦屋四分,囷、窌、倉、城,逆墻六(liu)分,堂涂十有二分,竇,其(qi)崇(chong)三(san)尺,墻厚(hou)三(san)尺,崇(chong)三(san)之(zhi)。車人之(zhi)事,半(ban)(ban)矩謂(wei)之(zhi)宣(xuan),一(yi)宣(xuan)有半(ban)(ban)謂(wei)之(zhi)欘,一(yi)欘有半(ban)(ban)謂(wei)之(zhi)柯,一(yi)柯有半(ban)(ban)謂(wei)之(zhi)磬折。

車人為耒,庛(ci)尺有(you)(you)(you)一寸,中直(zhi)(zhi)者三(san)尺有(you)(you)(you)三(san)寸,上(shang)句(ju)(ju)者二(er)尺有(you)(you)(you)二(er)寸。自其(qi)庛(ci),緣其(qi)外(wai),以至于首,以弦其(qi)內六尺有(you)(you)(you)六寸,與(yu)步(bu)相中也。堅地欲直(zhi)(zhi)庛(ci),柔地欲句(ju)(ju)庛(ci),直(zhi)(zhi)庛(ci)則利推(tui),句(ju)(ju)庛(ci),則利發。倨句(ju)(ju)磬(qing)折,謂(wei)之中地。齋

車(che)(che)人為(wei)(wei)(wei)車(che)(che),柯(ke)(ke)(ke)長(chang)(chang)三(san)(san)尺,博三(san)(san)寸,厚(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)寸有半(ban),五(wu)分(fen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)長(chang)(chang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)首。轂(gu)長(chang)(chang)半(ban)柯(ke)(ke)(ke),其(qi)(qi)(qi)圍(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)柯(ke)(ke)(ke)有半(ban)。輻長(chang)(chang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)柯(ke)(ke)(ke)有半(ban),其(qi)(qi)(qi)博三(san)(san)寸,厚(hou)三(san)(san)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。渠三(san)(san)柯(ke)(ke)(ke)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)(san),行(xing)(xing)澤者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)欲(yu)短轂(gu),行(xing)(xing)山(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)欲(yu)長(chang)(chang)轂(gu)。短轂(gu)則利,長(chang)(chang)轂(gu)則安。行(xing)(xing)澤者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)反(fan)輮(rou),行(xing)(xing)山(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)仄(ze)輮(rou),反(fan)輮(rou)則易,仄(ze)輮(rou)則完。六(liu)分(fen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)崇(chong)(chong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)牙圍(wei)(wei)。柏(bo)(bo)車(che)(che)轂(gu)長(chang)(chang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)柯(ke)(ke)(ke),其(qi)(qi)(qi)圍(wei)(wei)二(er)柯(ke)(ke)(ke),其(qi)(qi)(qi)輻一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)柯(ke)(ke)(ke),其(qi)(qi)(qi)渠二(er)柯(ke)(ke)(ke)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)(san)。五(wu)分(fen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)崇(chong)(chong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)牙圍(wei)(wei),大車(che)(che)崇(chong)(chong)三(san)(san)柯(ke)(ke)(ke),綆寸,牝服二(er)柯(ke)(ke)(ke)有參分(fen)柯(ke)(ke)(ke)之(zhi)二(er)。羊(yang)車(che)(che)二(er)柯(ke)(ke)(ke)有參分(fen)柯(ke)(ke)(ke)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),柏(bo)(bo)車(che)(che)二(er)柯(ke)(ke)(ke)。凡(fan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)轅,三(san)(san)其(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)崇(chong)(chong),參分(fen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)長(chang)(chang),二(er)在前,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)在后,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鑿其(qi)(qi)(qi)鉤(gou),徹廣六(liu)尺,鬲長(chang)(chang)六(liu)尺。古弓人為(wei)(wei)(wei)弓,(《考工(gong)記(ji)》描述精制良弓)取六(liu)材必以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)時,六(liu)材既聚,巧者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)和之(zhi)。干也(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)遠也(ye)(ye);角也(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)疾(ji)也(ye)(ye);筋也(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)深(shen)也(ye)(ye);膠(jiao)也(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)和也(ye)(ye);絲也(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)固也(ye)(ye);漆也(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)受霜(shuang)露也(ye)(ye)。

凡(fan)(fan)取干(gan)(gan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)七:柘為上,檍次(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),檿桑次(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),橘次(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),木(mu)瓜次(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),荊次(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),竹為下。凡(fan)(fan)相(xiang)干(gan)(gan),欲(yu)(yu)(yu)赤黑而(er)(er)(er)(er)陽聲(sheng),赤黑則(ze)(ze)(ze)鄉心,陽聲(sheng)則(ze)(ze)(ze)遠(yuan)根。凡(fan)(fan)析(xi)干(gan)(gan),射(she)遠(yuan)者(zhe)(zhe)用(yong)埶,射(she)深者(zhe)(zhe)用(yong)直(zhi)。居干(gan)(gan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),菑?不(bu)(bu)(bu)迆,則(ze)(ze)(ze)弓(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)發。凡(fan)(fan)相(xiang)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),秋閷者(zhe)(zhe)厚,春(chun)閷薄,稚牛(niu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)直(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)澤,老牛(niu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)紾而(er)(er)(er)(er)昔(xi)。疢疾險中(zhong),瘠牛(niu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)無澤。角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)欲(yu)(yu)(yu)青(qing)白(bai)而(er)(er)(er)(er)豐(feng)(feng)末(mo)(mo),夫角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben),蹙于而(er)(er)(er)(er)休(xiu)于氣,是(shi)(shi)故柔(rou)(rou)。柔(rou)(rou)故欲(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)埶也(ye)(ye);白(bai)也(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe),埶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)征也(ye)(ye)。夫角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),恒當弓(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畏,畏也(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)必(bi)橈。橈,故欲(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)堅也(ye)(ye);青(qing)也(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe),堅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)征也(ye)(ye)。夫角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末(mo)(mo);遠(yuan)于而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)休(xiu)于氣,是(shi)(shi)故脃(cui)。脃(cui)故欲(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)柔(rou)(rou)也(ye)(ye);豐(feng)(feng)末(mo)(mo)也(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe),柔(rou)(rou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)征也(ye)(ye)。角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)長二尺有(you)(you)五寸,三(san)色(se)不(bu)(bu)(bu)失理(li),謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牛(niu)戴牛(niu)。凡(fan)(fan)相(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao),欲(yu)(yu)(yu)朱色(se)而(er)(er)(er)(er)昔(xi),昔(xi)也(ye)(ye)深,深瑕而(er)(er)(er)(er)澤,紾而(er)(er)(er)(er)摶廉。鹿膠(jiao)(jiao)青(qing)白(bai),馬膠(jiao)(jiao)赤白(bai),牛(niu)膠(jiao)(jiao)火赤,鼠膠(jiao)(jiao)黑,魚(yu)膠(jiao)(jiao)餌,犀膠(jiao)(jiao)黃(huang)。凡(fan)(fan)昵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類不(bu)(bu)(bu)能方。凡(fan)(fan)相(xiang)筋(jin),欲(yu)(yu)(yu)小(xiao)簡(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)長,大(da)(da)(da)結(jie)而(er)(er)(er)(er)澤,小(xiao)簡(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)長。大(da)(da)(da)結(jie)而(er)(er)(er)(er)澤,則(ze)(ze)(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)為獸(shou)必(bi)剽,以為弓(gong),則(ze)(ze)(ze)豈異于其(qi)(qi)(qi)獸(shou),筋(jin)欲(yu)(yu)(yu)敝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)敝,漆欲(yu)(yu)(yu)測(ce),絲欲(yu)(yu)(yu)沈,得此主材(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)全,然后(hou)可以為良。凡(fan)(fan)為弓(gong),冬析(xi)干(gan)(gan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)春(chun)液角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),夏治(zhi)筋(jin),秋合三(san)材(cai),寒奠(dian)體,冰析(xi)灂(zhuo)。冬析(xi)干(gan)(gan)則(ze)(ze)(ze)易,春(chun)液角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)則(ze)(ze)(ze)合,夏治(zhi)筋(jin)則(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)煩,秋合三(san)材(cai)則(ze)(ze)(ze)合,寒奠(dian)體則(ze)(ze)(ze)張不(bu)(bu)(bu)流(liu),冰析(xi)灂(zhuo)則(ze)(ze)(ze)審環,春(chun)被弦則(ze)(ze)(ze)一年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。析(xi)干(gan)(gan)必(bi)倫,析(xi)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)無邪,斫(zhuo)(zhuo)目必(bi)荼。斫(zhuo)(zhuo)目不(bu)(bu)(bu)荼,則(ze)(ze)(ze)及其(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)(da)修(xiu)也(ye)(ye),筋(jin)代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)受(shou)病(bing)。夫目也(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)必(bi)強(qiang),強(qiang)者(zhe)(zhe)在內而(er)(er)(er)(er)摩其(qi)(qi)(qi)筋(jin),夫筋(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所由幨,恒由此作,故角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)三(san)液而(er)(er)(er)(er)干(gan)(gan)再(zai)液。厚其(qi)(qi)(qi)帤,則(ze)(ze)(ze)木(mu)堅;薄其(qi)(qi)(qi)帤,則(ze)(ze)(ze)需,是(shi)(shi)故厚其(qi)(qi)(qi)液而(er)(er)(er)(er)節其(qi)(qi)(qi)帤,約之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)皆約,疏數必(bi)侔,斫(zhuo)(zhuo)摯(zhi)必(bi)中(zhong),膠(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)必(bi)均(jun)。斫(zhuo)(zhuo)摯(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong),膠(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)均(jun),則(ze)(ze)(ze)及其(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)(da)修(xiu)也(ye)(ye),角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)受(shou)病(bing),夫懷(huai)膠(jiao)(jiao)于內而(er)(er)(er)(er)摩其(qi)(qi)(qi)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),夫角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所由挫,恒由此作。凡(fan)(fan)居角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),長者(zhe)(zhe)以次(ci)(ci)需,恒角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)短,是(shi)(shi)謂(wei)逆橈,引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)縱(zong),釋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)校(xiao)。恒角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)達,譬(pi)如終(zhong)紲,非弓(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)也(ye)(ye)。今夫茭(jiao)解中(zhong)有(you)(you)變焉(yan),故挍;于挺臂中(zhong)有(you)(you)柎焉(yan),故剽。

恒(heng)角(jiao)而(er)(er)達,引(yin)(yin)如終(zhong)紲,非弓(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)也(ye)。撟(jiao)干欲(yu)孰(shu)于火(huo)而(er)(er)無贏,撟(jiao)角(jiao)欲(yu)孰(shu)于火(huo)而(er)(er)無燂,引(yin)(yin)筋(jin)欲(yu)盡絕無傷(shang)其力,鬻膠欲(yu)孰(shu)而(er)(er)水(shui)火(huo)相(xiang)得,然則(ze)居旱亦不動,居濕亦不動。茍有(you)賤工,必因角(jiao)干之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)濕以(yi)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)柔,善者(zhe)在(zai)外,動者(zhe)在(zai)內。雖善于外,必動于內,雖善亦弗可以(yi)為(wei)(wei)良矣。凡為(wei)(wei)弓(gong)(gong),方其峻(jun),而(er)(er)高其柎(fu)(fu),長(chang)其畏(wei),而(er)(er)薄其敝,宛(wan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無已(yi)。應下(xia)柎(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弓(gong)(gong),末應將(jiang)興。為(wei)(wei)柎(fu)(fu)而(er)(er)發(fa),必動于閷,弓(gong)(gong)而(er)(er)羽閷,末應將(jiang)發(fa)。弓(gong)(gong)有(you)六(liu)材焉(yan),維(wei)干強之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。張(zhang)如流(liu)水(shui)。維(wei)體防之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中參(can)。維(wei)角(jiao){?足(zu)}之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),欲(yu)宛(wan)而(er)(er)無負弦,引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如環,釋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無失體。如環,材美,工巧(qiao),為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)參(can)均(jun)(jun)。角(jiao)不勝(sheng)干,干不勝(sheng)筋(jin),謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)參(can)均(jun)(jun)。量(liang)其力,有(you)三(san)均(jun)(jun),均(jun)(jun)者(zhe)三(san),謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九和。九和之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弓(gong)(gong),角(jiao)與干權(quan),筋(jin)三(san)侔(mou),膠三(san)鋝,絲三(san)邸(di),漆三(san)斞(yu)。上工以(yi)有(you)余,下(xia)工以(yi)不足(zu)。為(wei)(wei)天子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弓(gong)(gong),合(he)九而(er)(er)成規(gui)(gui)(gui)。為(wei)(wei)諸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弓(gong)(gong),合(he)七而(er)(er)成規(gui)(gui)(gui)。大夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弓(gong)(gong),合(he)五(wu)而(er)(er)成規(gui)(gui)(gui)。士(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弓(gong)(gong),合(he)三(san)而(er)(er)成規(gui)(gui)(gui)。弓(gong)(gong)長(chang)六(liu)尺(chi)有(you)六(liu)寸,謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),上士(shi)(shi)服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);弓(gong)(gong)長(chang)六(liu)尺(chi)有(you)三(san)寸,謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),中士(shi)(shi)服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);弓(gong)(gong)長(chang)六(liu)尺(chi),謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),下(xia)士(shi)(shi)服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

凡為弓(gong)(gong)(gong),各因(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)躬,志(zhi)盧血氣,豐肉而(er)(er)短,寬緩以荼。若(ruo)(ruo)是者為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)危弓(gong)(gong)(gong),危弓(gong)(gong)(gong)為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)矢(shi),骨(gu)直以立(li),忿(fen)埶以奔。若(ruo)(ruo)是者為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)弓(gong)(gong)(gong),安(an)(an)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)危矢(shi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人安(an)(an),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)矢(shi)安(an)(an),則莫能以速中,且不深。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人危,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)危,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)矢(shi)危,則莫能以愿中。往(wang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)多(duo),來體(ti)(ti)(ti)寡,謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夾臾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬,利(li)射侯與(yu)弋。往(wang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)寡,來體(ti)(ti)(ti)多(duo),謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)王弓(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬,利(li)射革與(yu)質。往(wang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)來體(ti)(ti)(ti)若(ruo)(ruo)一,謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)唐(tang)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬,利(li)射深。大和無灂(zhuo)(zhuo),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)次筋(jin)角皆有(you)灂(zhuo)(zhuo)而(er)(er)深,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)次有(you)灂(zhuo)(zhuo)而(er)(er)疏,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)次角無灂(zhuo)(zhuo)。合灂(zhuo)(zhuo)若(ruo)(ruo)背手文(wen)。角環(huan)灂(zhuo)(zhuo),牛筋(jin)賁灂(zhuo)(zhuo),麋(mi)筋(jin)斥蠖灂(zhuo)(zhuo)。和弓(gong)(gong)(gong)毄(ji)摩,覆(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)角至,謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)句弓(gong)(gong)(gong)。覆(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)干(gan)至,謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侯弓(gong)(gong)(gong)。覆(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)筋(jin)至,謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深弓(gong)(gong)(gong)。

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