芒果视频下载

歷史背景

1925年1月中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)共產黨(dang)第四次全國(guo)(guo)代表(biao)大會(hui)以后(hou)，群眾運(yun)動(dong)蓬(peng)勃(bo)發(fa)展，2月至4月，上海、青島的(de)日本(ben)紗廠工(gong)人(ren)在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)共產黨(dang)領(ling)導下，先后(hou)組(zu)織數萬工(gong)人(ren)舉行大規(gui)模(mo)罷(ba)工(gong)斗爭(zheng)，取得(de)了重大勝利，同時也(ye)遭到日本(ben)帝國(guo)(guo)主義和北洋(yang)軍(jun)(jun)閥的(de)鎮壓。日本(ben)帝國(guo)(guo)主義勾結北洋(yang)軍(jun)(jun)閥政(zheng)府(fu)企圖破壞(huai)工(gong)人(ren)運(yun)動(dong)，醞釀新的(de)血腥屠(tu)殺。

5月14日(ri)，上(shang)海(hai)日(ri)本紗廠工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)為抗(kang)議日(ri)本資(zi)方無理(li)開除(chu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)再(zai)度罷工(gong)(gong)(gong)，日(ri)本資(zi)本家(jia)開槍打(da)死工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)顧正紅（共產(chan)黨員），打(da)傷10余名工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)，激起上(shang)海(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)、學生和市民的(de)(de)強烈(lie)憤怒。同時，在上(shang)海(hai)的(de)(de)帝國(guo)主義者提(ti)出有(you)損中國(guo)主權(quan)，打(da)擊中國(guo)民族(zu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)業的(de)(de)“四提(ti)案(an)”（增(zeng)訂印刷附(fu)律，增(zeng)加碼(ma)頭(tou)捐，交易(yi)所注冊(ce)及所謂“取締(di)重工(gong)(gong)(gong)法案(an)”），該決定于(yu)6月2日(ri)在上(shang)海(hai)納稅外人(ren)會上(shang)通過，引(yin)起了包括民族(zu)資(zi)產(chan)階(jie)級在內的(de)(de)上(shang)海(hai)各階(jie)層(ceng)人(ren)士的(de)(de)強烈(lie)反(fan)對。

5月28日，中(zhong)共中(zhong)央(yang)根據運(yun)動(dong)發展形勢(shi)，及時決定(ding)進一步動(dong)員群眾開展反對(dui)帝國(guo)主(zhu)義的政(zheng)治斗爭。

事件概述

五卅慘(can)案的(de)消息迅(xun)速(su)傳(chuan)遍全國(guo)，各大、中城(cheng)市紛紛罷(ba)工罷(ba)課，聲援上海人民的(de)反(fan)帝斗爭。從而形成(cheng)了(le)(le)更大規模的(de)五卅反(fan)帝愛國(guo)運動，嚴重打擊(ji)了(le)(le)帝國(guo)主(zhu)義，大大提高(gao)了(le)(le)中國(guo)人民的(de)覺悟，揭開了(le)(le)大革命高(gao)漲的(de)序幕。

工人罷工

帝國(guo)主(zhu)義對中國(guo)的侵略(lve)，以經濟(ji)(ji)剝(bo)削為主(zhu)，中日(ri)(ri)甲午戰后，中國(guo)被迫簽訂馬(ma)關條約，準許日(ri)(ri)本在(zai)中國(guo)各口岸設(she)立工(gong)廠(chang)，利(li)用中國(guo)的原(yuan)料(liao)和(he)廉價(jia)勞工(gong)進行經濟(ji)(ji)侵略(lve)。其他列強隨之跟進，紛紛在(zai)中國(guo)各口岸設(she)立工(gong)廠(chang)。日(ri)(ri)本人(ren)僅在(zai)上海一(yi)地就設(she)有23家(jia)紗(sha)廠(chang)，占(zhan)全上海紗(sha)廠(chang)三分之二。日(ri)(ri)本廠(chang)主(zhu)對待(dai)工(gong)人(ren)非常苛刻，工(gong)人(ren)每日(ri)(ri)工(gong)作(zuo)12小時以上，工(gong)資每日(ri)(ri)僅一(yi)角(jiao)五分，還要(yao)扣存百(bai)分之五儲蓄(xu)廠(chang)中，需至工(gong)作(zuo)滿十年方始歸還，半途辭工(gong)者儲蓄(xu)金即被沒收。

2月，日(ri)商內外棉紗廠(chang)(chang)第(di)八廠(chang)(chang)推(tui)(tui)紗間發(fa)現一名童(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尸(shi)首，胸部受(shou)重(zhong)傷十(shi)余處(chu)，是被紗廠(chang)(chang)日(ri)籍管(guan)理員用(yong)鐵棍(gun)毆打死亡，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們目睹慘狀，群情大(da)憤(fen)，全體罷(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。后經上海總商會(hui)出面調(diao)停，日(ri)廠(chang)(chang)主(zhu)答(da)允(yun)不打罵工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，同時每兩周(zhou)發(fa)放工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資一次(ci)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)即恢復(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。5月間日(ri)本各紗廠(chang)(chang)男(nan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)屢起風潮，竟將男(nan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)盡行開除，換為(wei)(wei)女工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，這一來引起22家工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)的(de)大(da)罷(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。由上海各團體調(diao)停，以(yi)(yi)改良工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)待(dai)遇，發(fa)還儲(chu)金為(wei)(wei)條件恢復(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，不料內外棉紗廠(chang)(chang)第(di)八廠(chang)(chang)又開除工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)數(shu)十(shi)名，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不服，推(tui)(tui)舉(ju)代表(biao)顧(gu)正紅(hong)等八人(ren)(ren)(ren)向(xiang)廠(chang)(chang)主(zhu)交涉(she)，在交涉(she)中(zhong)發(fa)生爭執，日(ri)人(ren)(ren)(ren)突然(ran)開槍射殺顧(gu)正紅(hong)，其余七人(ren)(ren)(ren)受(shou)傷，受(shou)傷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)向(xiang)公共租(zu)界工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)部局請(qing)求(qiu)援(yuan)助，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)部局不僅不予以(yi)(yi)公平處(chu)理，反而控以(yi)(yi)擾亂治安罪名，這一來群情更為(wei)(wei)憤(fen)激。

性質變化

從學生(sheng)運(yun)動(dong)到全(quan)面的(de)反帝愛國(guo)斗爭(zheng)。

5月22日(ri)上(shang)海各(ge)(ge)團體開(kai)會(hui)(hui)追悼顧(gu)正紅，上(shang)海各(ge)(ge)大(da)學(xue)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)均往參加，路經公共(gong)租界(jie)時有四人(ren)(ren)被捕(bu)。于是上(shang)海學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)會(hui)(hui)開(kai)會(hui)(hui)，決議組織演講隊(dui)，出發(fa)租界(jie)宣(xuan)(xuan)傳。5月30日(ri)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)聯合會(hui)(hui)分派(pai)多隊(dui)在租界(jie)內(nei)游行講演，當天下午，一部分學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)在南京路被捕(bu)，其余(yu)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)及(ji)群眾共(gong)千余(yu)人(ren)(ren)，徒手隨至捕(bu)房門口，要求釋放被捕(bu)者，英捕(bu)頭愛(ai)伏生(sheng)(sheng)竟(jing)下令開(kai)槍向群眾射擊(ji)，當場死學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)四人(ren)(ren)，重傷(shang)30人(ren)(ren)，租界(jie)當局(ju)更調(diao)集軍(jun)隊(dui)，宣(xuan)(xuan)布戒嚴，任(ren)意(yi)槍擊(ji)，上(shang)海的大(da)學(xue)校竟(jing)遭封閉(bi)，這就(jiu)是“五卅慘案”。慘案發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)后全國震動(dong)，北(bei)京學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)第(di)二天即響(xiang)應，全國各(ge)(ge)大(da)都市學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)也先(xian)后罷(ba)課，風起云涌(yong)，進(jin)行反帝國主義示威運(yun)動(dong)，民(min)意(yi)沸騰。

當夜，中共中央立(li)即(ji)召(zhao)(zhao)集會議，決(jue)定擴大(da)斗爭規模，號召(zhao)(zhao)上(shang)(shang)海人(ren)民(min)舉行罷(ba)工(gong)、罷(ba)課(ke)、罷(ba)市(shi)，以抗(kang)議英帝國主義的(de)(de)大(da)屠殺。在共產黨人(ren)蔡和森(sen)、李(li)立(li)三(san)、劉少(shao)奇等的(de)(de)領導下，31日(ri)晚上(shang)(shang)海有組織的(de)(de)20余(yu)萬(wan)(wan)工(gong)人(ren)成立(li)了(le)上(shang)(shang)海總工(gong)會，并(bing)選舉李(li)立(li)三(san)為委員(yuan)長。6月1日(ri)，上(shang)(shang)海全市(shi)的(de)(de)總罷(ba)工(gong)、總罷(ba)課(ke)和總罷(ba)市(shi)開始了(le)，其(qi)中包(bao)括20余(yu)萬(wan)(wan)工(gong)人(ren)的(de)(de)總同盟罷(ba)工(gong)，5萬(wan)(wan)學生罷(ba)課(ke)，絕大(da)部(bu)分商人(ren)參加罷(ba)市(shi)。

6月7日，由上海總工(gong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)、全國學生聯(lian)合會(hui)(hui)(hui)、上海學生聯(lian)合會(hui)(hui)(hui)和各馬路(lu)商(shang)界總聯(lian)合會(hui)(hui)(hui)推舉代表(biao)，組成“工(gong)商(shang)學聯(lian)合委員會(hui)(hui)(hui)”，提(ti)出了懲辦(ban)兇手(shou)并(bing)賠(pei)償、取(qu)消領事裁判權(quan)，永(yong)遠撤出駐滬(hu)的英(ying)、日海陸軍等(deng)17項交涉(she)條(tiao)件(jian)。同時運動繼續發展和擴(kuo)大(da)，北京(jing)、天津、南京(jing)、青島、杭州、開封、鄭州、重慶等(deng)全國各大(da)城(cheng)市和幾百個城(cheng)鎮(zhen)的人民，紛(fen)紛(fen)游行示威，罷工(gong)，罷課，罷市，通電，捐款(kuan)，表(biao)示支援(yuan)，形成了全國規(gui)模的反帝(di)怒(nu)潮，并(bing)得到國際(ji)工(gong)人階級的支援(yuan)。

上海談判

6月(yue)1日北京外交部向駐京公使團領(ling)袖意國(guo)(guo)公使提出抗(kang)議：“為(wei)照會(hui)事(shi)，據報告本(ben)年(nian)五月(yue)三(san)十日上海(hai)各(ge)大學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)因(yin)為(wei)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)被捕(bu)(bu)及(ji)工人(ren)受(shou)傷(shang)兩事(shi)，在公共(gong)租(zu)界捕(bu)(bu)房門首游行(xing)(xing)演說(shuo)，以示抗(kang)議。而捕(bu)(bu)房竟(jing)以武力干(gan)涉，捕(bu)(bu)去學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)四十余人(ren)，同時(shi)擊斃學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)四名(ming)，擊傷(shang)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)六(liu)(liu)名(ming)，已(yi)死(si)二(er)名(ming)，路人(ren)受(shou)傷(shang)者十七(qi)名(ming)，死(si)亡(wang)三(san)名(ming)等情況(kuang)。本(ben)總長得(de)悉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)余，至深駭異，似此不幸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，應(ying)請(qing)貴(gui)(gui)公使特別注(zhu)意。查該學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)等，均系青年(nian)子弟，熱心愛國(guo)(guo)，并不攜帶武器，無(wu)論(lun)其行(xing)(xing)為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性質如何，斷不能以暴徒待(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。乃捕(bu)(bu)房未(wei)曾采取適當方法，和平勸阻，遽用最(zui)激手段，實為(wei)人(ren)道及(ji)公理所不容，自應(ying)由租(zu)界官(guan)吏(li)完全負責。為(wei)此本(ben)總長不得(de)不向貴(gui)(gui)公使提出最(zui)正式之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)抗(kang)議，并聲明保留俟查明詳情后，再提出相當之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要求，并請(qing)貴(gui)(gui)公使將前項情形轉達駐京有關系各(ge)公使查照，迅(xun)飭上海(hai)領(ling)事(shi)團速將被捕(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)全行(xing)(xing)釋放，并就地與特派江(jiang)蘇(su)交涉員(yuan)妥商辦理，免再發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)此類情事(shi)，是所至盼(pan)，須至照會(hui)者。中(zhong)華(hua)民(min)國(guo)(guo)外交總長沈瑞麟。中(zhong)華(hua)民(min)國(guo)(guo)十四年(nian)六(liu)(liu)月(yue)一日。”

6月4日(ri)(ri)公(gong)(gong)(gong)使(shi)(shi)團(tuan)復(fu)函(han)竟婉拒(ju)中國之抗議(yi)(yi)，認為(wei)(wei)(wei)上海(hai)(hai)租(zu)界(jie)(jie)當局已很(hen)寬大，于(yu)是北京外交部(bu)于(yu)4日(ri)(ri)再提(ti)第二(er)次抗議(yi)(yi)：“為(wei)(wei)(wei)照會事(shi)，上海(hai)(hai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共租(zu)界(jie)(jie)槍(qiang)擊(ji)華人(ren)(ren)一案(an)，業經本(ben)總長于(yu)本(ben)月一日(ri)(ri)向(xiang)貴(gui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)使(shi)(shi)提(ti)出抗議(yi)(yi)，并(bing)請迅飭上海(hai)(hai)領事(shi)團(tuan)速將被(bei)捕(bu)之人(ren)(ren)全(quan)行(xing)釋(shi)放(fang)，并(bing)就地與特派江蘇交涉員妥商(shang)辦理(li)，免再發生(sheng)此類(lei)情事(shi)在案(an)。乃續據(ju)上海(hai)(hai)報告(gao)，租(zu)界(jie)(jie)捕(bu)房于(yu)本(ben)月一日(ri)(ri)復(fu)槍(qiang)斃三(san)人(ren)(ren)，傷十八人(ren)(ren)，其以(yi)前被(bei)捕(bu)之人(ren)(ren)，仍未完全(quan)釋(shi)放(fang)。又據(ju)報告(gao)所(suo)有傷斃之人(ren)(ren)，槍(qiang)彈(dan)多從背(bei)入，巡捕(bu)無一死(si)傷，顯系任意轟擊(ji)，毫無理(li)由各等情。查公(gong)(gong)(gong)共租(zu)界(jie)(jie)官吏出此激烈行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，迫(po)動(dong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)憤，致發生(sheng)商(shang)工各界(jie)(jie)多數(shu)罷(ba)市(shi)罷(ba)工之不良效果，似此蔑(mie)視人(ren)(ren)道，自(zi)應由租(zu)界(jie)(jie)官吏完全(quan)負責。為(wei)(wei)(wei)此本(ben)總長不得不再向(xiang)貴(gui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)使(shi)(shi)提(ti)出嚴重抗議(yi)(yi)，并(bing)請轉達駐京有關系各國公(gong)(gong)(gong)使(shi)(shi)，迅電上海(hai)(hai)領事(shi)團(tuan)立飭停止槍(qiang)擊(ji)，以(yi)免再肇慘禍(huo)，是為(wei)(wei)(wei)至(zhi)要，須至(zhi)照會者。”

6月(yue)6日(ri)公(gong)(gong)使(shi)團答復(fu)仍(reng)(reng)不(bu)著邊際(ji)，北(bei)京外交部再于(yu)(yu)6月(yue)11日(ri)提(ti)第三(san)次(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)抗(kang)議：“為(wei)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)會(hui)事，接(jie)準(zhun)(zhun)本月(yue)四日(ri)及(ji)(ji)六(liu)日(ri)來(lai)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，內開貴(gui)公(gong)(gong)使(shi)及(ji)(ji)有關(guan)(guan)系各(ge)(ge)國公(gong)(gong)使(shi)，深愿對于(yu)(yu)此(ci)次(ci)上(shang)(shang)海不(bu)幸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事故，與(yu)中(zhong)國政(zheng)(zheng)府具同(tong)一和(he)(he)(he)平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀念，并準(zhun)(zhun)貴(gui)公(gong)(gong)使(shi)聲明(ming)，關(guan)(guan)于(yu)(yu)禁用武器(qi)一節，業(ye)經重行(xing)(xing)訓令上(shang)(shang)海公(gong)(gong)共租界捕房(fang)，以(yi)后必(bi)采恪守各(ge)(ge)等因，本總(zong)長業(ye)經閱悉(xi)。惟查當初租界官(guan)吏(li)(li)所(suo)采取(qu)對于(yu)(yu)學生和(he)(he)(he)平(ping)行(xing)(xing)動(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)取(qu)締(di)辦(ban)法，系屬失當，毫無疑義。又如(ru)五月(yue)三(san)十日(ri)及(ji)(ji)六(liu)月(yue)一日(ri)等捕房(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舉(ju)(ju)動(dong)，實可謂為(wei)激成事變之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肇端。因老閘捕房(fang)，既(ji)未預先(xian)鳴號，警告(gao)群眾，又非如(ru)來(lai)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)所(suo)稱，該捕房(fang)處于(yu)(yu)危在俄頃，不(bu)得不(bu)用武器(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)境遇，竟貿然出此(ci)激烈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舉(ju)(ju)動(dong)。故欲(yu)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)星(xing)期慘事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責任(ren)，諉諸一般和(he)(he)(he)平(ping)行(xing)(xing)動(dong)并不(bu)攜(xie)帶武器(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)，而(er)(er)不(bu)由租界官(guan)吏(li)(li)負之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，本總(zong)長絕對不(bu)能承認，仍(reng)(reng)當繼續抗(kang)議。中(zhong)國政(zheng)(zheng)府鑒于(yu)(yu)此(ci)次(ci)案情之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嚴重，民情之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悲(bei)憤，僉(qian)以(yi)為(wei)租界官(guan)吏(li)(li)，至少須自(zi)動(dong)的先(xian)行(xing)(xing)取(qu)消(xiao)當地戒嚴令，撤退海軍陸戰隊，并解除商團及(ji)(ji)巡(xun)捕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)武裝(zhuang)，釋(shi)放被捕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)及(ji)(ji)恢復(fu)被封與(yu)占據各(ge)(ge)學校(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原狀，庶(shu)上(shang)(shang)海地方，得于(yu)(yu)最短(duan)時間內，自(zi)然停止非常之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀態。而(er)(er)來(lai)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)所(suo)稱同(tong)具和(he)(he)(he)平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀念，亦足以(yi)資(zi)證明(ming)，以(yi)便進行(xing)(xing)交涉。為(wei)此(ci)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)會(hui)貴(gui)公(gong)(gong)使(shi)查照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，希(xi)即(ji)轉達(da)有關(guan)(guan)系各(ge)(ge)國公(gong)(gong)使(shi)，飭知駐(zhu)滬領事團，遵照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)辦(ban)理。是所(suo)至盼，須至照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)會(hui)者。”

結果影響

在帝國主義和買辦(ban)資產(chan)階(jie)級威脅利誘下(xia)，民族資產(chan)階(jie)級開始動搖(yao)。6月(yue)26日，商界停止(zhi)罷(ba)市，破壞(huai)了反帝統一戰線(xian)。工(gong)人(ren)罷(ba)工(gong)堅持了3個多月(yue)。中國共產(chan)黨和總(zong)工(gong)會為(wei)了保存力量和鞏固已(yi)有(you)的勝利，決定停止(zhi)總(zong)同(tong)盟罷(ba)工(gong)，到八九月(yue)間各(ge)業工(gong)人(ren)逐(zhu)漸復工(gong)。

自五卅(sa)慘(can)(can)案(an)(an)(an)(an)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)后(hou)，舉(ju)國同(tong)憤。但(dan)英(ying)國仍繼續(xu)援用武力壓迫(po)政策。6月(yue)11日(ri)(ri)(ri)漢(han)口(kou)慘(can)(can)案(an)(an)(an)(an)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，6月(yue)13日(ri)(ri)(ri)九江沖(chong)突發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，6月(yue)23日(ri)(ri)(ri)沙(sha)(sha)基慘(can)(can)案(an)(an)(an)(an)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，7月(yue)2日(ri)(ri)(ri)重慶慘(can)(can)案(an)(an)(an)(an)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，7月(yue)31日(ri)(ri)(ri)南京慘(can)(can)案(an)(an)(an)(an)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。其中最嚴(yan)重的(de)沖(chong)突為廣州(zhou)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)的(de)沙(sha)(sha)基慘(can)(can)案(an)(an)(an)(an)。自五卅(sa)慘(can)(can)案(an)(an)(an)(an)、漢(han)口(kou)慘(can)(can)案(an)(an)(an)(an)相繼發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)后(hou)，6月(yue)21日(ri)(ri)(ri)香(xiang)港(gang)(gang)與廣州(zhou)沙(sha)(sha)面(mian)之華工同(tong)時總罷工，香(xiang)港(gang)(gang)重要事業多(duo)呈停頓狀態。香(xiang)港(gang)(gang)及沙(sha)(sha)面(mian)的(de)英(ying)人(ren)且作(zuo)軍(jun)事準備，以圖(tu)壓制。6月(yue)23日(ri)(ri)(ri)廣州(zhou)各界7萬(wan)余(yu)人(ren)在廣州(zhou)政府(fu)領導下(xia)為滬(hu)、漢(han)死難烈(lie)士開追悼會，當場提(ti)出廢(fei)除不平等條約，為解(jie)決慘(can)(can)案(an)(an)(an)(an)之根本(ben)辦法。會后(hou)舉(ju)行(xing)大游行(xing)，工商各界在先，學生(sheng)及黃埔軍(jun)校學生(sheng)隨后(hou)，于(yu)下(xia)午(wu)3時行(xing)抵(di)沙(sha)(sha)基對岸，當時英(ying)兵方嚴(yan)陣(zhen)以待，遽(ju)向群(qun)眾射(she)擊，同(tong)時停泊在白鵝灘的(de)英(ying)兵艦也發(fa)(fa)炮助威(wei)，當場死傷軍(jun)民二百余(yu)人(ren)，慘(can)(can)禍之烈(lie)，過(guo)于(yu)滬(hu)漢(han)。

運動意義

五卅(sa)運動(dong)(dong)沉(chen)重打擊了(le)(le)帝國主(zhu)義，對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民族的(de)(de)覺醒和國民革命運動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)發展起了(le)(le)巨大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)推動(dong)(dong)作用(yong)，大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)提(ti)高了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國人民的(de)(de)覺悟，揭開了(le)(le)大(da)(da)(da)革命高潮(chao)的(de)(de)序(xu)幕。中(zhong)(zhong)國共產黨(dang)在領(ling)導五卅(sa)運動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)斗爭(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)受到很(hen)大(da)(da)(da)鍛(duan)煉，培養造(zao)就了(le)(le)一大(da)(da)(da)批干部，黨(dang)組(zu)織(zhi)也得到極大(da)(da)(da)發展，在斗爭(zheng)實踐中(zhong)(zhong)總(zong)結了(le)(le)寶貴的(de)(de)經驗，為以(yi)后黨(dang)領(ling)導大(da)(da)(da)規模的(de)(de)群眾斗爭(zheng)奠定了(le)(le)基(ji)礎(chu)。