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歷史背景

1925年1月(yue)(yue)中國(guo)(guo)共產黨(dang)第四次全國(guo)(guo)代表大會以后，群(qun)眾運動蓬勃發展，2月(yue)(yue)至(zhi)4月(yue)(yue)，上海(hai)、青島的(de)日(ri)本紗(sha)廠工(gong)人在中國(guo)(guo)共產黨(dang)領導下，先后組織數(shu)萬工(gong)人舉(ju)行大規模(mo)罷工(gong)斗爭(zheng)，取得了重大勝利，同時也(ye)遭到日(ri)本帝國(guo)(guo)主(zhu)(zhu)義和北洋軍閥(fa)的(de)鎮壓(ya)。日(ri)本帝國(guo)(guo)主(zhu)(zhu)義勾(gou)結北洋軍閥(fa)政府企圖破壞工(gong)人運動，醞釀(niang)新的(de)血腥屠(tu)殺。

5月14日(ri)(ri)，上(shang)海(hai)(hai)日(ri)(ri)本(ben)紗廠工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)為抗議(yi)日(ri)(ri)本(ben)資方(fang)無理(li)開除工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)再(zai)度罷工(gong)(gong)(gong)，日(ri)(ri)本(ben)資本(ben)家開槍打死工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)顧正紅（共產黨員(yuan)），打傷10余(yu)名工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)，激起上(shang)海(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)、學生和市民(min)(min)的(de)(de)強烈憤怒。同時，在(zai)上(shang)海(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)帝國(guo)主義者提(ti)出(chu)有損中國(guo)主權，打擊中國(guo)民(min)(min)族工(gong)(gong)(gong)商業(ye)的(de)(de)“四提(ti)案”（增(zeng)訂印(yin)刷附律，增(zeng)加碼頭捐，交易(yi)所(suo)注冊(ce)及所(suo)謂“取(qu)締重工(gong)(gong)(gong)法案”），該決定于6月2日(ri)(ri)在(zai)上(shang)海(hai)(hai)納稅外人(ren)(ren)會(hui)上(shang)通過(guo)，引起了(le)包(bao)括(kuo)民(min)(min)族資產階級在(zai)內(nei)的(de)(de)上(shang)海(hai)(hai)各階層人(ren)(ren)士的(de)(de)強烈反對(dui)。

5月28日，中共中央根據(ju)運動(dong)發展(zhan)形勢，及(ji)時決(jue)定進一步動(dong)員群眾開展(zhan)反對帝國主義(yi)的政治斗爭。

事件概述

五(wu)卅慘案(an)的(de)消(xiao)息迅速傳遍全(quan)國，各大(da)(da)、中城(cheng)市紛(fen)紛(fen)罷(ba)工(gong)罷(ba)課，聲援上(shang)海(hai)人民(min)的(de)反帝斗爭。從而形成了更大(da)(da)規模的(de)五(wu)卅反帝愛國運動，嚴重打擊了帝國主(zhu)義，大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提高(gao)了中國人民(min)的(de)覺悟(wu)，揭開了大(da)(da)革命(ming)高(gao)漲的(de)序幕(mu)。

工人罷工

帝國主義(yi)對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)國的侵略，以(yi)經濟(ji)剝削(xue)為(wei)主，中(zhong)(zhong)日(ri)甲午戰后，中(zhong)(zhong)國被(bei)迫簽訂馬關條約(yue)，準許日(ri)本在中(zhong)(zhong)國各口(kou)岸(an)設立工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)，利(li)用中(zhong)(zhong)國的原料(liao)和廉(lian)價勞工(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)行經濟(ji)侵略。其他(ta)列強隨(sui)之(zhi)跟(gen)進(jin)(jin)，紛紛在中(zhong)(zhong)國各口(kou)岸(an)設立工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)。日(ri)本人(ren)僅在上海一地就設有23家紗廠(chang)(chang)，占全上海紗廠(chang)(chang)三分(fen)之(zhi)二。日(ri)本廠(chang)(chang)主對(dui)(dui)待工(gong)(gong)人(ren)非常苛刻(ke)，工(gong)(gong)人(ren)每日(ri)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)12小時(shi)以(yi)上，工(gong)(gong)資每日(ri)僅一角五(wu)分(fen)，還要扣存百(bai)分(fen)之(zhi)五(wu)儲蓄廠(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)，需至工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)滿(man)十年方始歸還，半(ban)途辭(ci)工(gong)(gong)者儲蓄金即被(bei)沒收(shou)。

2月(yue)，日商內外(wai)棉紗(sha)(sha)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)第八(ba)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)推紗(sha)(sha)間(jian)發(fa)現一(yi)名(ming)童(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尸(shi)首(shou)，胸部(bu)(bu)受重傷十(shi)余(yu)處，是被紗(sha)(sha)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)日籍管理(li)員(yuan)用鐵棍毆打死亡，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)們目睹慘狀，群(qun)情(qing)大憤，全體罷(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。后(hou)經上(shang)海(hai)總商會(hui)出面調(diao)停，日廠(chang)(chang)(chang)主答允(yun)不(bu)(bu)打罵工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)，同時每兩周發(fa)放工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資一(yi)次(ci)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)即恢復工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。5月(yue)間(jian)日本各(ge)紗(sha)(sha)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)男(nan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)屢起風潮(chao)，竟將(jiang)男(nan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)盡行開除，換為女(nv)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，這(zhe)一(yi)來引(yin)起22家工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)的大罷(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。由上(shang)海(hai)各(ge)團體調(diao)停，以改良工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)待遇，發(fa)還儲(chu)金為條件恢復工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，不(bu)(bu)料內外(wai)棉紗(sha)(sha)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)第八(ba)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)又開除工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)數(shu)十(shi)名(ming)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)服，推舉代表顧正(zheng)紅等八(ba)人(ren)(ren)向(xiang)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)主交涉，在交涉中(zhong)發(fa)生爭執，日人(ren)(ren)突然(ran)開槍射殺顧正(zheng)紅，其余(yu)七人(ren)(ren)受傷，受傷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)向(xiang)公共租界(jie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)部(bu)(bu)局請求援助，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)部(bu)(bu)局不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)不(bu)(bu)予以公平處理(li)，反而控以擾(rao)亂(luan)治安罪(zui)名(ming)，這(zhe)一(yi)來群(qun)情(qing)更為憤激。

性質變化

從(cong)學生運動到全面的反帝愛國(guo)斗爭(zheng)。

5月(yue)(yue)22日上海(hai)各團體開會(hui)追悼(dao)顧正紅，上海(hai)各大(da)(da)學(xue)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)均往參加，路經(jing)公共(gong)租界(jie)(jie)時有四人(ren)被捕(bu)(bu)。于是(shi)上海(hai)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)會(hui)開會(hui)，決議組織演(yan)(yan)講隊(dui)，出發租界(jie)(jie)宣傳(chuan)。5月(yue)(yue)30日學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)聯合會(hui)分派多隊(dui)在(zai)租界(jie)(jie)內游行講演(yan)(yan)，當(dang)天下(xia)午，一(yi)部分學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)南(nan)京(jing)路被捕(bu)(bu)，其余學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)及群眾共(gong)千余人(ren)，徒手隨(sui)至(zhi)捕(bu)(bu)房門口(kou)，要求釋(shi)放被捕(bu)(bu)者，英捕(bu)(bu)頭愛伏生(sheng)(sheng)竟下(xia)令開槍向(xiang)群眾射擊，當(dang)場死學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)四人(ren)，重傷(shang)30人(ren)，租界(jie)(jie)當(dang)局更調集軍隊(dui)，宣布戒嚴(yan)，任意槍擊，上海(hai)的大(da)(da)學(xue)校(xiao)竟遭封閉，這就是(shi)“五卅慘(can)(can)案”。慘(can)(can)案發生(sheng)(sheng)后全(quan)國(guo)震動，北京(jing)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)第二天即響應，全(quan)國(guo)各大(da)(da)都(dou)市學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)先后罷(ba)課，風(feng)起云涌(yong)，進行反帝國(guo)主義(yi)示威運動，民意沸(fei)騰。

當夜，中共中央立(li)即(ji)召集會(hui)議，決定擴(kuo)大(da)斗爭(zheng)規模，號(hao)召上(shang)海人(ren)民舉(ju)行罷(ba)(ba)工(gong)、罷(ba)(ba)課、罷(ba)(ba)市，以抗議英(ying)帝國主義的(de)(de)大(da)屠殺。在共產黨(dang)人(ren)蔡和(he)森、李(li)立(li)三(san)、劉(liu)少奇等(deng)的(de)(de)領導(dao)下，31日(ri)晚(wan)上(shang)海有組織的(de)(de)20余(yu)萬(wan)工(gong)人(ren)成立(li)了上(shang)海總(zong)工(gong)會(hui)，并選舉(ju)李(li)立(li)三(san)為(wei)委員長。6月1日(ri)，上(shang)海全(quan)市的(de)(de)總(zong)罷(ba)(ba)工(gong)、總(zong)罷(ba)(ba)課和(he)總(zong)罷(ba)(ba)市開始了，其中包(bao)括20余(yu)萬(wan)工(gong)人(ren)的(de)(de)總(zong)同盟罷(ba)(ba)工(gong)，5萬(wan)學生罷(ba)(ba)課，絕(jue)大(da)部分商人(ren)參加罷(ba)(ba)市。

6月(yue)7日(ri)，由上海總(zong)工(gong)會(hui)(hui)、全(quan)(quan)(quan)國學(xue)生聯合(he)會(hui)(hui)、上海學(xue)生聯合(he)會(hui)(hui)和各馬路商界總(zong)聯合(he)會(hui)(hui)推舉代表，組成(cheng)“工(gong)商學(xue)聯合(he)委員會(hui)(hui)”，提出(chu)了懲(cheng)辦兇手并(bing)賠(pei)償、取(qu)消(xiao)領(ling)事裁判權(quan)，永(yong)遠撤出(chu)駐滬的(de)英(ying)、日(ri)海陸軍等17項(xiang)交涉條件。同時運動繼續發展和擴大，北京、天津、南京、青(qing)島、杭州(zhou)、開封(feng)、鄭(zheng)州(zhou)、重慶(qing)等全(quan)(quan)(quan)國各大城(cheng)市和幾百(bai)個城(cheng)鎮的(de)人(ren)民，紛紛游行(xing)示威，罷工(gong)，罷課，罷市，通電，捐款(kuan)，表示支援，形成(cheng)了全(quan)(quan)(quan)國規模的(de)反(fan)帝怒潮，并(bing)得(de)到(dao)國際工(gong)人(ren)階級的(de)支援。

上海談判

6月1日(ri)北(bei)京外交(jiao)(jiao)部(bu)向(xiang)(xiang)駐(zhu)京公(gong)使(shi)團(tuan)領(ling)袖意國公(gong)使(shi)提出(chu)抗(kang)議(yi)：“為照會(hui)事(shi)(shi)，據報告本(ben)年五月三(san)十(shi)日(ri)上(shang)海各(ge)大學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)因為學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)被捕(bu)及(ji)工人(ren)(ren)受傷(shang)兩(liang)事(shi)(shi)，在公(gong)共租界捕(bu)房門(men)首游行(xing)演說，以示(shi)抗(kang)議(yi)。而捕(bu)房竟以武力(li)干涉，捕(bu)去學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)四十(shi)余人(ren)(ren)，同時擊斃學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)四名(ming)，擊傷(shang)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)六名(ming)，已死二名(ming)，路人(ren)(ren)受傷(shang)者十(shi)七(qi)名(ming)，死亡三(san)名(ming)等情況。本(ben)總(zong)長得悉之(zhi)(zhi)余，至深駭異(yi)，似此(ci)不(bu)(bu)幸(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，應請(qing)貴(gui)公(gong)使(shi)特別注意。查該學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)等，均系青年子弟，熱(re)心愛(ai)國，并不(bu)(bu)攜帶武器，無論(lun)其(qi)行(xing)為之(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)質如何，斷不(bu)(bu)能以暴徒待之(zhi)(zhi)。乃捕(bu)房未(wei)曾(ceng)采取適當方法，和平勸(quan)阻，遽用最激(ji)手段，實為人(ren)(ren)道及(ji)公(gong)理(li)所不(bu)(bu)容，自應由租界官吏(li)完(wan)全負(fu)責(ze)。為此(ci)本(ben)總(zong)長不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)向(xiang)(xiang)貴(gui)公(gong)使(shi)提出(chu)最正式之(zhi)(zhi)抗(kang)議(yi)，并聲明(ming)保留俟查明(ming)詳情后，再提出(chu)相(xiang)當之(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)，并請(qing)貴(gui)公(gong)使(shi)將(jiang)前項(xiang)情形(xing)轉達駐(zhu)京有(you)關(guan)系各(ge)公(gong)使(shi)查照，迅飭上(shang)海領(ling)事(shi)(shi)團(tuan)速將(jiang)被捕(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)全行(xing)釋放，并就地與特派(pai)江蘇交(jiao)(jiao)涉員妥商辦理(li)，免再發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)此(ci)類(lei)情事(shi)(shi)，是所至盼，須至照會(hui)者。中華(hua)民國外交(jiao)(jiao)總(zong)長沈瑞(rui)麟。中華(hua)民國十(shi)四年六月一日(ri)。”

6月(yue)4日(ri)公(gong)使(shi)團復函竟婉(wan)拒(ju)中國之(zhi)抗議(yi)，認為上(shang)(shang)海租界(jie)當局(ju)已很寬大，于(yu)是(shi)北京(jing)外交(jiao)部于(yu)4日(ri)再(zai)提第二次抗議(yi)：“為照(zhao)會事(shi)，上(shang)(shang)海公(gong)共租界(jie)槍(qiang)擊華人(ren)(ren)一(yi)(yi)案，業經本(ben)總長于(yu)本(ben)月(yue)一(yi)(yi)日(ri)向(xiang)貴(gui)公(gong)使(shi)提出抗議(yi)，并(bing)請迅(xun)飭(chi)上(shang)(shang)海領(ling)事(shi)團速將被捕之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)全行釋(shi)放(fang)，并(bing)就地與(yu)特(te)派(pai)江蘇交(jiao)涉員(yuan)妥商辦理，免再(zai)發生此類情(qing)事(shi)在案。乃續據上(shang)(shang)海報告，租界(jie)捕房于(yu)本(ben)月(yue)一(yi)(yi)日(ri)復槍(qiang)斃(bi)三人(ren)(ren)，傷(shang)十八(ba)人(ren)(ren)，其以前被捕之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)，仍(reng)未完全釋(shi)放(fang)。又據報告所有(you)傷(shang)斃(bi)之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)，槍(qiang)彈(dan)多(duo)從背入，巡(xun)捕無一(yi)(yi)死傷(shang)，顯(xian)系任意轟擊，毫(hao)無理由各等情(qing)。查公(gong)共租界(jie)官吏出此激(ji)烈行為，迫(po)動(dong)公(gong)憤，致發生商工(gong)各界(jie)多(duo)數罷市罷工(gong)之(zhi)不良效果，似此蔑視人(ren)(ren)道，自應由租界(jie)官吏完全負責。為此本(ben)總長不得不再(zai)向(xiang)貴(gui)公(gong)使(shi)提出嚴重(zhong)抗議(yi)，并(bing)請轉達駐京(jing)有(you)關系各國公(gong)使(shi)，迅(xun)電上(shang)(shang)海領(ling)事(shi)團立飭(chi)停(ting)止槍(qiang)擊，以免再(zai)肇慘禍，是(shi)為至要，須至照(zhao)會者。”

6月(yue)6日(ri)公(gong)使(shi)(shi)團(tuan)答復(fu)(fu)仍不(bu)著邊際(ji)，北京外交(jiao)部再于(yu)(yu)6月(yue)11日(ri)提(ti)第三次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)抗議：“為照(zhao)(zhao)會事(shi)，接準(zhun)本月(yue)四日(ri)及六日(ri)來照(zhao)(zhao)，內(nei)開貴公(gong)使(shi)(shi)及有(you)關系(xi)各國公(gong)使(shi)(shi)，深愿對于(yu)(yu)此(ci)次上(shang)海(hai)(hai)不(bu)幸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)故，與中國政府具(ju)同一(yi)和(he)平(ping)(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)念，并準(zhun)貴公(gong)使(shi)(shi)聲(sheng)明(ming)，關于(yu)(yu)禁用武器一(yi)節，業經重行(xing)(xing)訓令上(shang)海(hai)(hai)公(gong)共(gong)租界(jie)捕(bu)房(fang)，以(yi)(yi)后必(bi)采恪守各等因(yin)，本總長業經閱悉。惟查當(dang)(dang)初租界(jie)官吏所(suo)采取(qu)對于(yu)(yu)學生和(he)平(ping)(ping)行(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)取(qu)締辦法，系(xi)屬失當(dang)(dang)，毫無(wu)疑義(yi)。又如(ru)五月(yue)三十日(ri)及六月(yue)一(yi)日(ri)等捕(bu)房(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舉動(dong)(dong)，實可謂為激(ji)成事(shi)變之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肇(zhao)端。因(yin)老閘捕(bu)房(fang)，既未(wei)預先(xian)鳴(ming)號，警告群(qun)眾，又非如(ru)來照(zhao)(zhao)所(suo)稱，該捕(bu)房(fang)處于(yu)(yu)危在俄頃，不(bu)得不(bu)用武器之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)境遇(yu)，竟貿然(ran)出此(ci)激(ji)烈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舉動(dong)(dong)。故欲以(yi)(yi)上(shang)星期慘事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)任，諉(wei)諸一(yi)般和(he)平(ping)(ping)行(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)并不(bu)攜帶(dai)武器之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)，而不(bu)由(you)租界(jie)官吏負之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，本總長絕對不(bu)能承認，仍當(dang)(dang)繼續(xu)抗議。中國政府鑒于(yu)(yu)此(ci)次案情之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嚴重，民情之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悲憤，僉以(yi)(yi)為租界(jie)官吏，至(zhi)少須自動(dong)(dong)的先(xian)行(xing)(xing)取(qu)消當(dang)(dang)地戒嚴令，撤退(tui)海(hai)(hai)軍陸(lu)戰隊，并解除商團(tuan)及巡捕(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)武裝，釋放被(bei)捕(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)及恢復(fu)(fu)被(bei)封與占(zhan)據(ju)各學校之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原狀(zhuang)，庶上(shang)海(hai)(hai)地方，得于(yu)(yu)最短時(shi)間(jian)內(nei)，自然(ran)停止非常之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀(zhuang)態。而來照(zhao)(zhao)所(suo)稱同具(ju)和(he)平(ping)(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)念，亦足以(yi)(yi)資證明(ming)，以(yi)(yi)便進(jin)行(xing)(xing)交(jiao)涉。為此(ci)照(zhao)(zhao)會貴公(gong)使(shi)(shi)查照(zhao)(zhao)，希即轉(zhuan)達(da)有(you)關系(xi)各國公(gong)使(shi)(shi)，飭知駐滬領事(shi)團(tuan)，遵(zun)照(zhao)(zhao)辦理。是所(suo)至(zhi)盼，須至(zhi)照(zhao)(zhao)會者。”

結果影響

在帝國主(zhu)義和買(mai)辦資(zi)產階級(ji)威脅(xie)利誘下，民族資(zi)產階級(ji)開始動搖。6月(yue)26日(ri)，商界(jie)停止罷市，破壞了反帝統一戰線。工(gong)人(ren)罷工(gong)堅持了3個多月(yue)。中國共產黨和總工(gong)會為了保存力量和鞏固已有的勝利，決定(ding)停止總同盟罷工(gong)，到八九月(yue)間各業工(gong)人(ren)逐(zhu)漸復(fu)工(gong)。

自五卅慘(can)案(an)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)后(hou)，舉(ju)國同(tong)憤。但英(ying)國仍繼(ji)續援用(yong)武力壓迫政(zheng)策(ce)。6月(yue)(yue)11日(ri)(ri)漢(han)口(kou)慘(can)案(an)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，6月(yue)(yue)13日(ri)(ri)九(jiu)江沖突發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，6月(yue)(yue)23日(ri)(ri)沙(sha)(sha)基慘(can)案(an)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，7月(yue)(yue)2日(ri)(ri)重慶(qing)慘(can)案(an)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，7月(yue)(yue)31日(ri)(ri)南京(jing)慘(can)案(an)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。其中最嚴重的沖突為(wei)廣(guang)州發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)的沙(sha)(sha)基慘(can)案(an)。自五卅慘(can)案(an)、漢(han)口(kou)慘(can)案(an)相(xiang)繼(ji)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)后(hou)，6月(yue)(yue)21日(ri)(ri)香港與廣(guang)州沙(sha)(sha)面(mian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)華工(gong)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)總罷工(gong)，香港重要事業多呈停頓狀態。香港及沙(sha)(sha)面(mian)的英(ying)人且作軍事準(zhun)備，以圖壓制。6月(yue)(yue)23日(ri)(ri)廣(guang)州各(ge)(ge)界7萬余人在廣(guang)州政(zheng)府領導下為(wei)滬、漢(han)死難烈(lie)士(shi)開追悼會，當場提出(chu)廢除不(bu)平等條約，為(wei)解決慘(can)案(an)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)根本辦(ban)法(fa)。會后(hou)舉(ju)行大游行，工(gong)商各(ge)(ge)界在先(xian)，學生(sheng)及黃(huang)埔軍校學生(sheng)隨后(hou)，于(yu)下午3時(shi)(shi)行抵(di)沙(sha)(sha)基對岸，當時(shi)(shi)英(ying)兵(bing)(bing)方嚴陣以待，遽向群(qun)眾(zhong)射擊，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)停泊在白鵝灘的英(ying)兵(bing)(bing)艦也發(fa)(fa)炮助威，當場死傷軍民二百(bai)余人，慘(can)禍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)烈(lie)，過于(yu)滬漢(han)。

運動意義

五(wu)卅運(yun)動(dong)(dong)沉重打(da)擊了(le)帝國(guo)主義，對中(zhong)華民(min)族的(de)(de)覺(jue)醒和(he)國(guo)民(min)革命(ming)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)發展起了(le)巨大(da)的(de)(de)推動(dong)(dong)作用，大(da)大(da)提高(gao)了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)覺(jue)悟，揭(jie)開了(le)大(da)革命(ming)高(gao)潮的(de)(de)序幕。中(zhong)國(guo)共產(chan)黨在領導五(wu)卅運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)斗(dou)爭(zheng)中(zhong)受(shou)到(dao)很大(da)鍛煉，培養(yang)造就了(le)一大(da)批干(gan)部，黨組織也得(de)到(dao)極大(da)發展，在斗(dou)爭(zheng)實踐(jian)中(zhong)總結(jie)了(le)寶貴的(de)(de)經(jing)驗，為(wei)以后黨領導大(da)規模的(de)(de)群眾斗(dou)爭(zheng)奠定了(le)基礎。