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歷史背景

1925年(nian)1月中國共產黨(dang)第四次全國代表(biao)大會以后，群眾(zhong)運動(dong)蓬勃發(fa)展(zhan)，2月至(zhi)4月，上海、青島的(de)日本(ben)紗廠工(gong)人(ren)(ren)在中國共產黨(dang)領導下，先后組織數萬工(gong)人(ren)(ren)舉(ju)行大規模(mo)罷工(gong)斗爭(zheng)，取得了重大勝利，同時也遭到日本(ben)帝(di)國主(zhu)義(yi)和北(bei)洋軍(jun)閥的(de)鎮壓。日本(ben)帝(di)國主(zhu)義(yi)勾結北(bei)洋軍(jun)閥政府企圖(tu)破壞工(gong)人(ren)(ren)運動(dong)，醞釀新的(de)血腥屠殺。

5月(yue)14日(ri)，上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)日(ri)本(ben)紗廠工人(ren)(ren)(ren)為抗(kang)議(yi)日(ri)本(ben)資方無理(li)開除工人(ren)(ren)(ren)再(zai)度罷工，日(ri)本(ben)資本(ben)家開槍打死(si)工人(ren)(ren)(ren)顧正紅（共(gong)產黨員），打傷10余名工人(ren)(ren)(ren)，激起上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)工人(ren)(ren)(ren)、學生和市民的(de)(de)強烈憤怒。同時，在(zai)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)帝國主義者提出有(you)損中(zhong)國主權，打擊中(zhong)國民族(zu)工商(shang)業的(de)(de)“四提案”（增訂(ding)印刷(shua)附律，增加碼(ma)頭(tou)捐，交(jiao)易(yi)所注冊及(ji)所謂“取締重(zhong)工法(fa)案”），該決(jue)定于6月(yue)2日(ri)在(zai)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)納稅外人(ren)(ren)(ren)會上(shang)(shang)通過，引起了包括民族(zu)資產階(jie)(jie)級(ji)在(zai)內的(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)各階(jie)(jie)層(ceng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)士的(de)(de)強烈反對(dui)。

5月28日，中共中央根據(ju)運動發展形勢，及時決定進(jin)一步動員群眾(zhong)開(kai)展反對帝國(guo)主義的政治斗(dou)爭(zheng)。

事件概述

五卅(sa)慘案的消息迅速傳遍(bian)全國(guo)(guo)，各大(da)、中(zhong)城市紛(fen)紛(fen)罷工罷課，聲(sheng)援上海人民的反帝(di)斗爭。從而形成了更(geng)大(da)規模的五卅(sa)反帝(di)愛國(guo)(guo)運動，嚴重打擊了帝(di)國(guo)(guo)主義(yi)，大(da)大(da)提高了中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人民的覺悟，揭開了大(da)革命高漲(zhang)的序幕。

工人罷工

帝國(guo)(guo)主義對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的侵(qin)略(lve)，以經(jing)濟(ji)剝削(xue)為主，中(zhong)(zhong)日甲午戰后，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)被(bei)迫簽訂馬關(guan)條約，準許日本在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)各口(kou)岸(an)設立(li)工(gong)廠(chang)，利(li)用中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的原料和廉價勞工(gong)進行經(jing)濟(ji)侵(qin)略(lve)。其(qi)他列強(qiang)隨之(zhi)跟進，紛(fen)紛(fen)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)各口(kou)岸(an)設立(li)工(gong)廠(chang)。日本人僅在(zai)上(shang)海(hai)一地就(jiu)設有23家紗廠(chang)，占(zhan)全上(shang)海(hai)紗廠(chang)三分(fen)之(zhi)二。日本廠(chang)主對(dui)待工(gong)人非常苛刻，工(gong)人每日工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)12小時以上(shang)，工(gong)資每日僅一角五分(fen)，還(huan)要扣存百分(fen)之(zhi)五儲(chu)蓄廠(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)，需(xu)至(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)滿十年(nian)方始歸還(huan)，半途(tu)辭工(gong)者儲(chu)蓄金即被(bei)沒收(shou)。

2月(yue)，日(ri)(ri)商內外棉(mian)紗廠(chang)(chang)第(di)八廠(chang)(chang)推紗間發現一(yi)(yi)名(ming)童工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尸首，胸部(bu)受重傷十(shi)余(yu)處，是被(bei)紗廠(chang)(chang)日(ri)(ri)籍管理員用鐵棍(gun)毆打(da)死亡，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)們(men)目睹慘(can)狀，群情大憤，全體罷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。后經上(shang)海(hai)總(zong)商會(hui)出(chu)面(mian)調停，日(ri)(ri)廠(chang)(chang)主答(da)允不(bu)(bu)(bu)打(da)罵工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)，同時每兩周發放工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)即恢(hui)復(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作。5月(yue)間日(ri)(ri)本各(ge)紗廠(chang)(chang)男(nan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)屢起(qi)風潮，竟將男(nan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)盡(jin)行開(kai)除，換(huan)為女工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，這一(yi)(yi)來(lai)引(yin)起(qi)22家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)的大罷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。由上(shang)海(hai)各(ge)團體調停，以改良(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)待遇(yu)，發還儲金(jin)為條(tiao)件恢(hui)復(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，不(bu)(bu)(bu)料內外棉(mian)紗廠(chang)(chang)第(di)八廠(chang)(chang)又開(kai)除工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)數十(shi)名(ming)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)服，推舉代表顧(gu)(gu)正(zheng)紅等(deng)八人(ren)(ren)向廠(chang)(chang)主交涉，在交涉中發生爭執，日(ri)(ri)人(ren)(ren)突(tu)然開(kai)槍射殺(sha)顧(gu)(gu)正(zheng)紅，其余(yu)七人(ren)(ren)受傷，受傷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)向公共租界工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)部(bu)局請求援助，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)部(bu)局不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅不(bu)(bu)(bu)予(yu)以公平處理，反而控以擾(rao)亂治安罪名(ming)，這一(yi)(yi)來(lai)群情更(geng)為憤激。

性質變化

從學生運動(dong)到(dao)全面(mian)的反帝(di)愛國斗爭。

5月22日上海(hai)各團體開會追(zhui)悼顧正紅，上海(hai)各大(da)學(xue)(xue)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)均往(wang)參加，路經公共租界(jie)(jie)時有(you)四人(ren)被捕。于是(shi)上海(hai)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)會開會，決(jue)議組(zu)織演講(jiang)隊(dui)，出發租界(jie)(jie)宣傳。5月30日學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)聯(lian)合(he)會分派多隊(dui)在(zai)(zai)租界(jie)(jie)內游(you)行(xing)講(jiang)演，當(dang)天(tian)下午(wu)，一部分學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)在(zai)(zai)南(nan)京路被捕，其余學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)及群(qun)(qun)眾共千余人(ren)，徒手隨(sui)至捕房門口，要求(qiu)釋放被捕者，英捕頭(tou)愛伏生(sheng)竟(jing)下令開槍(qiang)向(xiang)群(qun)(qun)眾射擊，當(dang)場死學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)四人(ren)，重傷30人(ren)，租界(jie)(jie)當(dang)局更(geng)調集軍隊(dui)，宣布戒嚴，任意(yi)(yi)槍(qiang)擊，上海(hai)的大(da)學(xue)(xue)校竟(jing)遭封閉，這就是(shi)“五(wu)卅慘案”。慘案發生(sheng)后全國震動(dong)，北京學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)第二天(tian)即響應，全國各大(da)都市(shi)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)也先(xian)后罷課，風起(qi)云(yun)涌(yong)，進行(xing)反帝(di)國主義示威(wei)運動(dong)，民(min)意(yi)(yi)沸騰。

當夜(ye)，中共中央立(li)(li)即召(zhao)集會議(yi)，決(jue)定擴大斗爭規模，號召(zhao)上(shang)海(hai)人(ren)民(min)舉(ju)行罷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、罷課(ke)、罷市，以(yi)抗議(yi)英帝國主義的(de)(de)(de)大屠殺。在共產黨人(ren)蔡和森、李立(li)(li)三、劉少奇等的(de)(de)(de)領導下，31日晚(wan)上(shang)海(hai)有組織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)20余(yu)萬工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)成立(li)(li)了上(shang)海(hai)總(zong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會，并選舉(ju)李立(li)(li)三為委(wei)員長(chang)。6月(yue)1日，上(shang)海(hai)全市的(de)(de)(de)總(zong)罷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、總(zong)罷課(ke)和總(zong)罷市開始了，其(qi)中包括20余(yu)萬工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)總(zong)同盟(meng)罷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，5萬學生罷課(ke)，絕大部分商人(ren)參加(jia)罷市。

6月(yue)7日，由上海(hai)總(zong)(zong)工(gong)會(hui)、全(quan)國(guo)學(xue)生(sheng)聯(lian)合會(hui)、上海(hai)學(xue)生(sheng)聯(lian)合會(hui)和各馬(ma)路商(shang)界總(zong)(zong)聯(lian)合會(hui)推舉代(dai)表，組成“工(gong)商(shang)學(xue)聯(lian)合委員會(hui)”，提出(chu)了懲辦(ban)兇(xiong)手并(bing)賠償、取消領事(shi)裁(cai)判權，永遠撤(che)出(chu)駐滬的(de)英、日海(hai)陸(lu)軍等17項(xiang)交涉條件。同時運動繼續發展和擴大，北京、天津、南京、青島、杭(hang)州(zhou)、開封、鄭州(zhou)、重慶等全(quan)國(guo)各大城市(shi)和幾百個(ge)城鎮的(de)人民，紛紛游行示威，罷(ba)工(gong)，罷(ba)課，罷(ba)市(shi)，通(tong)電，捐(juan)款，表示支(zhi)援，形(xing)成了全(quan)國(guo)規模的(de)反帝怒潮，并(bing)得(de)到國(guo)際工(gong)人階級的(de)支(zhi)援。

上海談判

6月1日北京外交部向駐(zhu)京公(gong)(gong)使(shi)(shi)團(tuan)領袖意國公(gong)(gong)使(shi)(shi)提(ti)(ti)出抗(kang)議：“為照(zhao)會(hui)事，據報(bao)告本(ben)(ben)年(nian)五月三(san)十(shi)日上(shang)海(hai)各(ge)大學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)因為學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)被(bei)捕(bu)及工人(ren)(ren)(ren)受(shou)(shou)傷(shang)兩事，在公(gong)(gong)共租界捕(bu)房門首游行(xing)演說(shuo)，以示抗(kang)議。而捕(bu)房竟以武力(li)干(gan)涉，捕(bu)去學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)四十(shi)余人(ren)(ren)(ren)，同時擊(ji)斃學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)四名(ming)，擊(ji)傷(shang)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)六(liu)名(ming)，已(yi)死二(er)名(ming)，路人(ren)(ren)(ren)受(shou)(shou)傷(shang)者十(shi)七(qi)名(ming)，死亡(wang)三(san)名(ming)等情況。本(ben)(ben)總長得悉(xi)之(zhi)余，至(zhi)深駭(hai)異，似此不(bu)幸之(zhi)事，應請(qing)貴(gui)公(gong)(gong)使(shi)(shi)特別(bie)注意。查該學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)等，均系青年(nian)子弟，熱(re)心愛國，并不(bu)攜帶武器，無論其行(xing)為之(zhi)性質(zhi)如何，斷不(bu)能以暴(bao)徒(tu)待之(zhi)。乃(nai)捕(bu)房未曾(ceng)采取適當方法，和(he)平勸阻，遽用(yong)最(zui)(zui)激手段，實為人(ren)(ren)(ren)道及公(gong)(gong)理所(suo)不(bu)容，自應由租界官吏完全負責。為此本(ben)(ben)總長不(bu)得不(bu)向貴(gui)公(gong)(gong)使(shi)(shi)提(ti)(ti)出最(zui)(zui)正式(shi)之(zhi)抗(kang)議，并聲明保留(liu)俟查明詳情后，再(zai)提(ti)(ti)出相當之(zhi)要求，并請(qing)貴(gui)公(gong)(gong)使(shi)(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)前項情形轉(zhuan)達駐(zhu)京有關(guan)系各(ge)公(gong)(gong)使(shi)(shi)查照(zhao)，迅(xun)飭上(shang)海(hai)領事團(tuan)速將(jiang)(jiang)被(bei)捕(bu)之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)全行(xing)釋放，并就地與特派江蘇交涉員妥商辦理，免(mian)再(zai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)此類情事，是所(suo)至(zhi)盼，須至(zhi)照(zhao)會(hui)者。中華(hua)民國外交總長沈瑞麟(lin)。中華(hua)民國十(shi)四年(nian)六(liu)月一日。”

6月(yue)4日(ri)公使團復(fu)函竟婉(wan)拒中國之(zhi)抗(kang)議(yi)(yi)(yi)，認為(wei)上(shang)海(hai)租(zu)界(jie)當局已很寬(kuan)大，于(yu)是(shi)北京(jing)外(wai)交(jiao)部于(yu)4日(ri)再提(ti)第二(er)次抗(kang)議(yi)(yi)(yi)：“為(wei)照會事(shi)，上(shang)海(hai)公共租(zu)界(jie)槍(qiang)擊(ji)(ji)華人(ren)(ren)一(yi)案(an)(an)，業經本總長于(yu)本月(yue)一(yi)日(ri)向貴(gui)公使提(ti)出(chu)抗(kang)議(yi)(yi)(yi)，并請迅(xun)飭上(shang)海(hai)領(ling)事(shi)團速將被捕之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)全行釋(shi)放，并就地與特派(pai)江(jiang)蘇(su)交(jiao)涉員(yuan)妥商(shang)辦理，免(mian)再發(fa)生此類(lei)情事(shi)在案(an)(an)。乃續據上(shang)海(hai)報告，租(zu)界(jie)捕房于(yu)本月(yue)一(yi)日(ri)復(fu)槍(qiang)斃三人(ren)(ren)，傷十(shi)八人(ren)(ren)，其(qi)以前被捕之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)，仍未完全釋(shi)放。又據報告所有傷斃之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)，槍(qiang)彈多(duo)從(cong)背入，巡捕無(wu)一(yi)死傷，顯系(xi)任(ren)意(yi)轟擊(ji)(ji)，毫(hao)無(wu)理由(you)各(ge)等情。查公共租(zu)界(jie)官吏出(chu)此激烈行為(wei)，迫動公憤，致發(fa)生商(shang)工各(ge)界(jie)多(duo)數(shu)罷(ba)市罷(ba)工之(zhi)不良(liang)效果，似此蔑視人(ren)(ren)道，自應由(you)租(zu)界(jie)官吏完全負責。為(wei)此本總長不得(de)不再向貴(gui)公使提(ti)出(chu)嚴重(zhong)抗(kang)議(yi)(yi)(yi)，并請轉達駐(zhu)京(jing)有關系(xi)各(ge)國公使，迅(xun)電上(shang)海(hai)領(ling)事(shi)團立飭停(ting)止槍(qiang)擊(ji)(ji)，以免(mian)再肇(zhao)慘禍(huo)，是(shi)為(wei)至(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)，須至(zhi)(zhi)照會者。”

6月(yue)6日(ri)公(gong)使(shi)團(tuan)答復仍不(bu)著(zhu)邊際，北京外交部再于(yu)6月(yue)11日(ri)提第三次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)抗議：“為(wei)照(zhao)(zhao)會(hui)事(shi)，接(jie)準(zhun)本月(yue)四(si)日(ri)及(ji)六日(ri)來照(zhao)(zhao)，內(nei)開貴公(gong)使(shi)及(ji)有關系(xi)各(ge)國(guo)公(gong)使(shi)，深(shen)愿對(dui)于(yu)此(ci)(ci)次上海不(bu)幸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)故，與中國(guo)政(zheng)府(fu)具同一和平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀念，并(bing)準(zhun)貴公(gong)使(shi)聲(sheng)明(ming)，關于(yu)禁用武(wu)器一節，業(ye)經重行訓令上海公(gong)共(gong)租(zu)(zu)界(jie)捕房(fang)，以后必(bi)采(cai)恪守各(ge)等(deng)因，本總長業(ye)經閱悉(xi)。惟查當(dang)初(chu)租(zu)(zu)界(jie)官吏(li)所(suo)采(cai)取(qu)對(dui)于(yu)學(xue)生和平(ping)行動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)取(qu)締(di)辦(ban)法，系(xi)屬(shu)失當(dang)，毫(hao)無疑義。又(you)如五月(yue)三十日(ri)及(ji)六月(yue)一日(ri)等(deng)捕房(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舉(ju)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，實可謂為(wei)激(ji)成事(shi)變之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肇端。因老閘捕房(fang)，既(ji)未預先(xian)鳴號，警告群眾，又(you)非如來照(zhao)(zhao)所(suo)稱(cheng)，該捕房(fang)處(chu)于(yu)危在俄頃，不(bu)得(de)不(bu)用武(wu)器之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)境遇，竟貿(mao)然(ran)出此(ci)(ci)激(ji)烈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舉(ju)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。故欲以上星期慘事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責任，諉諸(zhu)一般和平(ping)行動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)并(bing)不(bu)攜帶武(wu)器之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人，而不(bu)由租(zu)(zu)界(jie)官吏(li)負之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，本總長絕對(dui)不(bu)能承認，仍當(dang)繼續抗議。中國(guo)政(zheng)府(fu)鑒于(yu)此(ci)(ci)次案情之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嚴(yan)重，民情之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悲憤，僉以為(wei)租(zu)(zu)界(jie)官吏(li)，至少須(xu)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的先(xian)行取(qu)消當(dang)地戒嚴(yan)令，撤退海軍(jun)陸(lu)戰(zhan)隊(dui)，并(bing)解除商(shang)團(tuan)及(ji)巡捕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)武(wu)裝，釋放被(bei)捕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人及(ji)恢復被(bei)封(feng)與占據各(ge)學(xue)校之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原狀，庶(shu)上海地方，得(de)于(yu)最短時間內(nei)，自然(ran)停止非常(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀態。而來照(zhao)(zhao)所(suo)稱(cheng)同具和平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀念，亦足以資證明(ming)，以便進行交涉。為(wei)此(ci)(ci)照(zhao)(zhao)會(hui)貴公(gong)使(shi)查照(zhao)(zhao)，希即(ji)轉達有關系(xi)各(ge)國(guo)公(gong)使(shi)，飭知駐(zhu)滬領事(shi)團(tuan)，遵照(zhao)(zhao)辦(ban)理。是(shi)所(suo)至盼，須(xu)至照(zhao)(zhao)會(hui)者。”

結果影響

在帝(di)(di)國(guo)主義(yi)和(he)買(mai)辦(ban)資(zi)產階級(ji)威脅利(li)誘下，民族資(zi)產階級(ji)開始動(dong)搖。6月(yue)26日，商界(jie)停止(zhi)(zhi)罷(ba)(ba)市，破(po)壞了反帝(di)(di)統一(yi)戰線。工(gong)人罷(ba)(ba)工(gong)堅持了3個多月(yue)。中國(guo)共產黨和(he)總工(gong)會(hui)為了保存力量和(he)鞏固已有的(de)勝利(li)，決定停止(zhi)(zhi)總同盟罷(ba)(ba)工(gong)，到(dao)八(ba)九月(yue)間各業工(gong)人逐漸復工(gong)。

自五卅慘(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)案(an)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)，舉(ju)國同憤。但英(ying)國仍繼續(xu)援用(yong)武(wu)力壓(ya)迫政策。6月(yue)(yue)11日漢(han)口(kou)慘(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)案(an)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，6月(yue)(yue)13日九江沖突發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，6月(yue)(yue)23日沙基(ji)慘(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)案(an)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，7月(yue)(yue)2日重(zhong)慶慘(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)案(an)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，7月(yue)(yue)31日南京慘(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)案(an)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。其中最嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)的沖突為廣州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的沙基(ji)慘(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)案(an)。自五卅慘(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)案(an)、漢(han)口(kou)慘(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)案(an)相繼發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)，6月(yue)(yue)21日香(xiang)港(gang)(gang)與廣州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)沙面之(zhi)華工(gong)同時(shi)(shi)(shi)總罷工(gong)，香(xiang)港(gang)(gang)重(zhong)要事業多呈停(ting)頓(dun)狀態。香(xiang)港(gang)(gang)及沙面的英(ying)人且作軍事準備，以圖壓(ya)制。6月(yue)(yue)23日廣州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)各界7萬(wan)余(yu)人在(zai)(zai)廣州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)政府領導下為滬(hu)、漢(han)死難烈士開追(zhui)悼(dao)會(hui)，當場提(ti)出廢除不平等(deng)條約，為解決慘(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)案(an)之(zhi)根(gen)本辦法。會(hui)后(hou)舉(ju)行大游行，工(gong)商(shang)各界在(zai)(zai)先，學生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)及黃埔軍校學生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)隨后(hou)，于下午3時(shi)(shi)(shi)行抵(di)沙基(ji)對岸，當時(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)兵(bing)方(fang)嚴(yan)(yan)陣以待(dai)，遽向群(qun)眾射(she)擊，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)停(ting)泊(bo)在(zai)(zai)白(bai)鵝灘的英(ying)兵(bing)艦也(ye)發(fa)炮(pao)助威(wei)，當場死傷軍民二百余(yu)人，慘(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)禍之(zhi)烈，過(guo)于滬(hu)漢(han)。

運動意義

五(wu)卅(sa)運(yun)(yun)動沉重(zhong)打擊了(le)(le)帝國(guo)主(zhu)義，對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華民族的覺(jue)醒和國(guo)民革命運(yun)(yun)動的發(fa)展起了(le)(le)巨(ju)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的推動作用，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)提(ti)高了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)民的覺(jue)悟，揭(jie)開(kai)了(le)(le)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)革命高潮(chao)的序幕。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)共產黨在領導(dao)五(wu)卅(sa)運(yun)(yun)動的斗爭中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)受到很大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鍛煉，培養造就了(le)(le)一大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)批干部，黨組織也得到極大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)發(fa)展，在斗爭實(shi)踐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)總結了(le)(le)寶貴的經驗，為以后黨領導(dao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)規模的群眾斗爭奠定(ding)了(le)(le)基礎。