左懋(mao)第(di)(1601年(nian)-1645年(nian)),字仲及,號蘿石(shi),山東萊(lai)陽人。大明(ming)赴清(qing)談和使者,后被清(qing)朝(chao)扣押,寧(ning)死不(bu)降,后人稱“明(ming)末文天(tian)(tian)祥”。明(ming)朝(chao)末年(nian),國家內(nei)憂外患,危機四伏,大廈將傾,萊(lai)陽進士左懋(mao)第(di)卻登上了人生最(zui)壯(zhuang)美的(de)舞臺。他治理(li)韓城(cheng),政績優異,考選欽定第(di)一(yi),由知縣擢升朝(chao)中擔任要職,成(cheng)為威宗皇帝信任的(de)股肱之臣。崇禎甲申(1644),清(qing)兵入關,國難當頭,他挺(ting)身而出,與清(qing)朝(chao)攝政王多爾袞唇(chun)槍(qiang)舌劍,堅決維護大明(ming)尊嚴。面(mian)對酷(ku)刑和威逼利誘,他寧(ning)作大明(ming)鬼,不(bu)當清(qing)朝(chao)王,成(cheng)為比肩文天(tian)(tian)祥的(de)民族英雄。
萊陽左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)氏,一世祖(zu)(zu)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原。明(ming)永樂間自(zi)章丘遷徙(xi)至萊陽。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原生(sheng)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)盛,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)盛生(sheng)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)方,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)方生(sheng)文升(sheng),文升(sheng)生(sheng)奎、英、彥。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)祖(zu)(zu)父左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)奎,生(sheng)之龍、之藩、之禎。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之龍(1550-1623),字(zi)用化,號云(yun)樓(lou),萬(wan)歷己卯(mao)(1579)舉人,歷任(ren)河(he)北(bei)(bei)房山、良(liang)鄉知(zhi)縣(xian)(xian),陜西(xi)西(xi)華(hua)知(zhi)縣(xian)(xian),延(yan)安府(fu)同知(zhi),灤州(zhou)知(zhi)州(zhou),署北(bei)(bei)平太(tai)守(shou),南(nan)京刑部廣東司(si)員外郎(lang)、河(he)南(nan)司(si)郎(lang)中。誥授奉政(zheng)大(da)夫、敕封(feng)(feng)光祿大(da)夫。繼配(pei)陳(chen)氏,寧海指揮僉事陳(chen)治安長女,敕封(feng)(feng)夫人,生(sheng)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)、左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之龍墓地在萊陽市(shi)沐浴店鎮北(bei)(bei)旺村(cun)。
青年才俊少負大(da)志
萬(wan)歷(li)四(si)十(shi)三年(1615),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)與(yu)堂(tang)兄弟左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)泰、左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)芬(fen)、左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)桂、左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)良(liang)輔等(deng)人參加(jia)(jia)了(le)(le)著名(ming)的(de)文(wen)社山左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)大社(復社分支)。據《萊(lai)(lai)陽(yang)縣(xian)志》記載(zai),山左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)大社91名(ming)成(cheng)員,萊(lai)(lai)陽(yang)人占了(le)(le)十(shi)之(zhi)六(liu)七。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)經(jing)(jing)常參加(jia)(jia)交游聚會,切磋(cuo)學(xue)(xue)問(wen),評說時局,文(wen)名(ming)遠揚。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)的(de)父(fu)親在萊(lai)(lai)陽(yang)城西郊(jiao)建有“西墅草堂(tang)”,草堂(tang)中(zhong)有一(yi)處“浴月臺”,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)經(jing)(jing)常與(yu)兄弟和同學(xue)(xue)來此讀書,詩文(wen)唱和。母(mu)親陳(chen)氏,是寧海州(zhou)(今牟平(ping))指揮僉事陳(chen)治安之(zhi)女,懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)經(jing)(jing)常往(wang)來于萊(lai)(lai)陽(yang)、寧海之(zhi)間。天啟二(er)年(1622),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)游昆崳山煙霞洞,聽聞寧海州(zhou)張國俊將軍在平(ping)定白蓮教之(zhi)亂(luan)中(zhong)戰(zhan)死,年僅(jin)28歲,懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)十(shi)分惋惜,作詩《挽張將軍》:“孰若(ruo)海上(shang)(shang)張將軍,慷慨殺賊生(sheng)絕(jue)?。……血(xue)漬(zi)寒沙英魂歸,風悲(bei)鬼嘯昏白晝。”天啟三年(1623),萊(lai)(lai)陽(yang)縣(xian)教諭(yu)朱?在縣(xian)學(xue)(xue)里選拔左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)、張允掄等(deng)八位優秀學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)加(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)自己,組成(cheng)“九(jiu)龍社”,一(yi)起上(shang)(shang)課研(yan)討學(xue)(xue)問(wen),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)頗受器重(zhong),成(cheng)為“九(jiu)龍”中(zhong)的(de)佼佼者。后(hou)人評價他:“為諸生(sheng),即(ji)負海內盛名(ming)。為文(wen)高古雄(xiong)奧,不可(ke)一(yi)世。”贊譽他:“學(xue)(xue)富五車二(er)酉(you),文(wen)追東(dong)洛西京。”
左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)為人(ren)(ren)(ren)正直,胸懷大志,青少年(nian)(nian)時即(ji)關注國家(jia)(jia)命(ming)(ming)運。天啟六年(nian)(nian)(1626),權臣魏忠賢授意黨羽編編纂《三(san)朝會典》,借以(yi)誣陷(xian)打擊東林黨人(ren)(ren)(ren)。左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)讀后不(bu)勝憤恨,認為這(zhe)是“變亂是非(fei),顛(dian)倒賢佞。”手(shou)指纂修(xiu)諸人(ren)(ren)(ren)姓名(ming)(ming),說:“此皆(jie)邪佞之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。”手(shou)擊紙(zhi)碎。當他(ta)得(de)知(zhi)翰林院編修(xiu)陳(chen)明卿先生(sheng)(sheng)因得(de)罪魏忠賢而被削職時,十分(fen)氣(qi)(qi)憤,作文予(yu)以(yi)抨擊,抒發心中不(bu)平(ping)。崇(chong)(chong)禎二年(nian)(nian)(1629),白(bai)蓮教(jiao)教(jiao)徒董(dong)大成聚(ju)眾(zhong)五千人(ren)(ren)(ren)圍(wei)攻(gong)萊陽(yang)縣城(cheng)。萊陽(yang)承平(ping)已久(jiu),人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)識兵,形勢非(fei)常危急,縣衙只好組織城(cheng)里的(de)紳士(shi)、市民自衛。左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)自告奮勇,登上城(cheng)墻,開(kai)炮(pao)擊賊,結果(guo)炮(pao)膛炸裂,自己(ji)差(cha)點被炸死。左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)仍奮不(bu)顧身,簡(jian)單包(bao)扎后,再次(ci)舉炮(pao)轟(hong)擊敵(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren),并擊中敵(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren)首(shou)領。董(dong)大成見取勝無望(wang),率眾(zhong)遁(dun)去(qu),后逃至蒙陰被殺。左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)的(de)英勇事跡傳遍膠東士(shi)林,這(zhe)次(ci)戰(zhan)斗也是他(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)中的(de)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)重要經(jing)歷,對日后的(de)仕途生(sheng)(sheng)涯產生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)重要影響。崇(chong)(chong)禎三(san)年(nian)(nian)(1630),左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)鄉(xiang)試考中亞元(yuan)(第(di)(di)二名(ming)(ming)),翌(yi)年(nian)(nian)聯捷成進(jin)(jin)士(shi)。大詩人(ren)(ren)(ren)吳偉業、張溥也高中進(jin)(jin)士(shi)。萊陽(yang)縣的(de)姜(jiang)?、沈迅則(ze)與左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)同(tong)榜(bang),三(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)志同(tong)道(dao)合(he),皆(jie)以(yi)志節(jie)留名(ming)(ming)史冊,成為著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)的(de)“明末(mo)萊陽(yang)三(san)君子”。其時左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)的(de)叔父左(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)武(wu)任登州衛鎮撫,姐夫孫(sun)承祖任登州衛游擊將軍。左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)與親友一(yi)(yi)起來到蓬萊游珠(zhu)璣崖,見大魚長約數丈,出(chu)沒(mei)濤中,乃(nai)乘興題(ti)詩石壁:“水撲青天濤卷(juan)雪,石峰片片皆(jie)奇絕(jue)。浮(fu)白(bai)狂歌長吉詩,元(yuan)氣(qi)(qi)茫茫收不(bu)得(de)。”崇(chong)(chong)禎五年(nian)(nian)(1632)八月,左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)授陜西韓(han)城(cheng)知(zhi)縣。韓(han)城(cheng)地處黃河之(zhi)濱(bin),歷來有(you)(you)(you)“秦中最敝邑”之(zhi)稱,由于連年(nian)(nian)災害,流寇四起,民不(bu)聊(liao)生(sheng)(sheng),這(zhe)對初(chu)出(chu)茅廬(lu)的(de)左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)來說無疑是踏上仕途的(de)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)場嚴(yan)峻(jun)考驗(yan)。“郡(jun)縣治,天下安。”左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)熟讀史書和(he)儒家(jia)(jia)經(jing)典,深知(zhi)自己(ji)擔負的(de)責任,面對艱難(nan)局(ju)面,沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)退(tui)縮,決(jue)心有(you)(you)(you)所作為。他(ta)在給恩(en)師陳(chen)明卿的(de)信中說:“聞命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)初(chu),恐愧戰(zhan)栗,知(zhi)不(bu)勝任,嚴(yan)訓(xun)之(zhi)下,不(bu)敢重違,勉(mian)為之(zhi)。”十月,左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)與母親一(yi)(yi)起來到韓(han)城(cheng),開(kai)始了(le)十三(san)年(nian)(nian)的(de)仕宦(huan)生(sheng)(sheng)涯。
1、韓城保衛戰
抗(kang)敵御寇(kou)(kou),保障一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)平安,維護群(qun)眾正(zheng)常(chang)的生活生產秩序。崇(chong)(chong)禎(zhen)(zhen)初年(nian),農(nong)民(min)(min)起義(yi)風起云(yun)涌,土匪盜賊四(si)起,韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)尤其(qi)(qi)猖(chang)獗(jue)。崇(chong)(chong)禎(zhen)(zhen)五年(nian)(1632)十(shi)(shi)月(yue),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)剛到(dao)韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),原任知縣外(wai)出(chu)未(wei)(wei)歸(gui),尚未(wei)(wei)正(zheng)式交(jiao)接(jie)(jie)公(gong)務,就遇上流(liu)寇(kou)(kou)侵擾,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)隨即下(xia)令各鄉收斂糧(liang)畜,堅壁清野,接(jie)(jie)著征兵、調(diao)(diao)餉、防河(he)、守(shou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),成功地擊退(tui)了敵人(ren)(ren)(ren)。韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)北山(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)乃流(liu)賊舊巢,殘余(yu)五七百人(ren)(ren)(ren)盤踞山(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong),時(shi)常(chang)出(chu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)搶(qiang)掠,農(nong)民(min)(min)不(bu)敢上山(shan)(shan)(shan)耕種土地,附近百姓也無法安生。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)憤(fen)然曰:“無農(nong),民(min)(min)胡以(yi)為(wei)命?寇(kou)(kou)不(bu)清,民(min)(min)又安得(de)而農(nong)耶?”于是(shi),招募十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)路民(min)(min)兵,親(qin)自指(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui),清剿山(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)流(liu)賊余(yu)孽,部(bu)分(fen)逃(tao)往山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi),相戒以(yi)后“毋(wu)入(ru)(ru)韓(han)境”。對于抓獲(huo)的三四(si)十(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),則令其(qi)(qi)回(hui)家種田。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)下(xia)車伊始,果斷出(chu)手(shou),指(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)有方(fang),得(de)到(dao)韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)士(shi)(shi)紳百姓的贊許。崇(chong)(chong)禎(zhen)(zhen)六(liu)年(nian)(1633)十(shi)(shi)二月(yue),流(liu)寇(kou)(kou)千余(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)西(xi)渡(du)黃河(he)侵襲韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夏無雨冬(dong)無雪,遭遇嚴重干旱。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)邊組織抗(kang)旱救(jiu)災(zai),一(yi)(yi)(yi)邊戎裝上陣(zhen),親(qin)自督兵進山(shan)(shan)(shan)五十(shi)(shi)里追(zhui)剿,指(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)士(shi)(shi)兵于河(he)上作戰,取得(de)勝利(li)。崇(chong)(chong)禎(zhen)(zhen)七年(nian)(1634)二、三月(yue),流(liu)寇(kou)(kou)再入(ru)(ru)韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。干旱導(dao)致莊稼絕收,韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)發(fa)生饑荒。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)想方(fang)設法賑濟災(zai)民(min)(min)的同(tong)時(shi),組織協(xie)調(diao)(diao)軍(jun)隊(dui)御敵,敵退(tui),乘勝追(zhui)擊120里而還。崇(chong)(chong)禎(zhen)(zhen)八年(nian)(1635),農(nong)民(min)(min)起義(yi)愈演愈烈,七月(yue)、十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)兩次侵擾韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)全線(xian)告急。特別是(shi)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)至次年(nian)正(zheng)月(yue)的40多天里,民(min)(min)軍(jun)、流(liu)寇(kou)(kou)數(shu)萬人(ren)(ren)(ren)圍(wei)困(kun)縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),日(ri)夜(ye)吶喊攻(gong)殺,戰斗(dou)十(shi)(shi)分(fen)激烈,形勢岌岌可危。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)每日(ri)與守(shou)軍(jun)將領研(yan)究戰斗(dou)方(fang)案,“以(yi)火器擊之,以(yi)步兵接(jie)(jie)戰,于城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)筑攔馬墻,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內筑敵臺,伏義(yi)兵,設火炮,賊不(bu)能(neng)(neng)攻(gong),意(yi)在坐困(kun)。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)會商(shang)士(shi)(shi)紳相約分(fen)守(shou)四(si)門,親(qin)自巡(xun)查城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)防,調(diao)(diao)度部(bu)署。西(xi)門最(zui)(zui)為(wei)緊要(yao),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)夜(ye)宿(su)其(qi)(qi)上,意(yi)氣風發(fa),閱讀兵書,指(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)若定。戰斗(dou)閑暇“從容賦詩不(bu)少休,見者(zhe)以(yi)為(wei)神人(ren)(ren)(ren)。”最(zui)(zui)后“賊不(bu)能(neng)(neng)入(ru)(ru),前后共攻(gong)四(si)十(shi)(shi)余(yu)日(ri)方(fang)引(yin)去。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)知人(ren)(ren)(ren)善(shan)任,身(shen)先士(shi)(shi)卒,枕戈待旦(dan)40余(yu)日(ri),贏(ying)得(de)了韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保衛戰的勝利(li)。
2、韓城為官,愛民恤民
左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)雖為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)介書生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),但對(dui)(dui)用(yong)(yong)兵(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)卻(que)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)番(fan)(fan)獨到(dao)(dao)見(jian)解。崇(chong)(chong)禎(zhen)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1631)冬(dong)(dong),膠(jiao)東發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)登(deng)萊(lai)事變,明將(jiang)(jiang)孔有(you)(you)(you)德(de)等(deng)攻陷登(deng)州,登(deng)州衛總兵(bing)(bing)張(zhang)扶輿自殺殉難(nan)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)得(de)知(zhi)好友殉難(nan),哀傷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)余,為(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)《陣圖》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)書作(zuo)(zuo)序,說到(dao)(dao):“余書生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)兵(bing)(bing),然(ran)(ran)(ran)竊(qie)見(jian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)條理錯綜(zong),可(ke)教民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)猛(meng)果克戰斗。民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)猛(meng)果生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),于(yu)將(jiang)(jiang)可(ke)恃(shi),而(er)(er)(er)將(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)自恃(shi),惟用(yong)(yong)兵(bing)(bing)有(you)(you)(you)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。”明末清(qing)初(chu)學(xue)者(zhe)屈大均(jun)則評價左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di):“初(chu)知(zhi)韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)(xian),流寇(kou)三(san)(san)(san)薄韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),再(zai)躪其(qi)(qi)(qi)境(jing),懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)率(lv)士(shi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)而(er)(er)(er)戰,身當鋒,輒大破(po)走之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。關中保(bao)障,推(tui)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)憑借忠(zhong)勇謀(mou)略,力(li)(li)保(bao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)平安(an),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)紳民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)稱贊,省府政要(yao)、封(feng)疆大吏也(ye)對(dui)(dui)他(ta)刮(gua)目相(xiang)看。全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)力(li)(li)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)災(zai)(zai)(zai),拯(zheng)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)饑(ji)(ji)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min),化解社會(hui)危(wei)機(ji)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)初(chu)到(dao)(dao)韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),忙于(yu)剿匪御寇(kou),幾乎無(wu)(wu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)寧日。同(tong)時,嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)災(zai)(zai)(zai)荒也(ye)給(gei)(gei)這位初(chu)來乍(zha)到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青年(nian)(nian)(nian)縣(xian)(xian)令嚴(yan)(yan)峻考驗。崇(chong)(chong)禎(zhen)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1632)“冬(dong)(dong)無(wu)(wu)雪,春(chun)田(tian)遲(chi),遂(sui)無(wu)(wu)麥。夏又(you)(you)雨(yu)少,秋霜早,殺谷無(wu)(wu)禾。”六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1633),“冬(dong)(dong)又(you)(you)無(wu)(wu)雪,麥子(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)入(ru)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”,七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1634),“春(chun)又(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)皆(jie)焦土(tu)。”連(lian)(lian)續三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旱災(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)陷入(ru)饑(ji)(ji)荒,許(xu)多(duo)人(ren)(ren)被餓(e)死。百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)從(cong)吃草根刮(gua)樹皮,發(fa)(fa)展到(dao)(dao)賣妻(qi)鬻子(zi),刮(gua)死人(ren)(ren)肉(rou)而(er)(er)(er)食(shi)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)這位善良正直的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封(feng)建縣(xian)(xian)令目睹(du)慘(can)狀,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)禁潸然(ran)(ran)(ran)淚下。他(ta)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)邊(bian)把觸目驚心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)災(zai)(zai)(zai)情向上(shang)級(ji)如實(shi)報告,請(qing)求賑濟,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)邊(bian)想方(fang)設(she)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、竭盡全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)力(li)(li)在(zai)(zai)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)范圍(wei)內組織救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)災(zai)(zai)(zai)。崇(chong)(chong)禎(zhen)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1633)年(nian)(nian)(nian)底(di),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)倡導(dao)“捐(juan)俸(feng)勸賑法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)”,帶(dai)頭捐(juan)俸(feng)銀(yin)(yin)50兩(liang),發(fa)(fa)動(dong)官紳和(he)(he)其(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)富有(you)(you)(you)而(er)(er)(er)好義(yi)者(zhe)捐(juan)銀(yin)(yin)賑濟饑(ji)(ji)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min),共得(de)銀(yin)(yin)250兩(liang)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)親(qin)自下鄉(xiang)(xiang)排查,查出餓(e)得(de)奄奄一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)息者(zhe)3529人(ren)(ren)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)點救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)助對(dui)(dui)象,全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)分(fen)八(ba)個(ge)(ge)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)濟點進行(xing)(xing)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)助。崇(chong)(chong)禎(zhen)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1634)春(chun),災(zai)(zai)(zai)情加(jia)重(zhong)(zhong),饑(ji)(ji)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)越來越多(duo)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)“各里(li)賑各里(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)”,饑(ji)(ji)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)由(you)(you)各里(li)鄉(xiang)(xiang)紳和(he)(he)有(you)(you)(you)威(wei)望的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耆老(lao)核定,查出急需救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)濟者(zhe)5200人(ren)(ren),由(you)(you)各里(li)耆老(lao)主持救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)濟。又(you)(you)查得(de)里(li)甲(jia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)收(shou)(shou)和(he)(he)流浪街頭者(zhe)311人(ren)(ren),在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北門外設(she)粥(zhou)廠賑濟。同(tong)時,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)把全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)饑(ji)(ji)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)按(an)照(zhao)“極(ji)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)、次貧(pin)(pin)(pin)、又(you)(you)次貧(pin)(pin)(pin)”分(fen)為(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)類,共計(ji)14000多(duo)人(ren)(ren),造冊(ce)上(shang)報,得(de)到(dao)(dao)朝廷賑銀(yin)(yin)1437兩(liang)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區別(bie)災(zai)(zai)(zai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)情況發(fa)(fa)放賑銀(yin)(yin),還(huan)對(dui)(dui)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)讀書人(ren)(ren)給(gei)(gei)予(yu)特別(bie)照(zhao)顧(gu),極(ji)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)18名,每(mei)人(ren)(ren)給(gei)(gei)銀(yin)(yin)二錢,次貧(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)29名,每(mei)人(ren)(ren)給(gei)(gei)銀(yin)(yin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢五(wu)(wu)分(fen),盡力(li)(li)使(shi)(shi)學(xue)子(zi)們不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)因(yin)(yin)(yin)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困輟學(xue)。韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)缺糧(liang)(liang),百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)數(shu)(shu)(shu)米而(er)(er)(er)炊,為(wei)(wei)防(fang)止市場糧(liang)(liang)價暴漲(zhang),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)自己(ji)(ji)捐(juan)俸(feng)買(mai)粟(su)100石(shi),又(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)官紳捐(juan)粟(su)2000石(shi),設(she)置“常平倉”,在(zai)(zai)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)“平準法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)”,平抑糧(liang)(liang)價,規定“私(si)糶者(zhe)禁,必至(zhi)于(yu)市。”使(shi)(shi)災(zai)(zai)(zai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)拿到(dao)(dao)賑銀(yin)(yin)后(hou)(hou)能夠買(mai)到(dao)(dao)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)。由(you)(you)于(yu)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)賑災(zai)(zai)(zai)得(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),措施(shi)可(ke)行(xing)(xing),全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)活數(shu)(shu)(shu)萬(wan)人(ren)(ren),大大減少了(le)死亡(wang)和(he)(he)流亡(wang)人(ren)(ren)數(shu)(shu)(shu),韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)十(shi)分(fen)感念他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)德(de)。愛民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)恤民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min),為(wei)(wei)韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)減免賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),減輕百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)負擔。韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)連(lian)(lian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai),饑(ji)(ji)荒嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)(zhong),但百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)卻(que)仍(reng)(reng)然(ran)(ran)(ran)負擔沉重(zhong)(zhong),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下決(jue)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)改變現狀,給(gei)(gei)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條活路。韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“戶口不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)啻以(yi)十(shi)余萬(wan)計(ji),而(er)(er)(er)富者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過十(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二、三(san)(san)(san),其(qi)(qi)(qi)余皆(jie)饑(ji)(ji)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)矣。”而(er)(er)(er)且“賊殘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)散其(qi)(qi)(qi)半,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)荒其(qi)(qi)(qi)七。”饑(ji)(ji)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)連(lian)(lian)飯(fan)都(dou)吃不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)上(shang),拿什么交稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)?因(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)拖(tuo)欠嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)(zhong),“(崇(chong)(chong)禎(zhen))四、五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)拖(tuo)欠至(zhi)五(wu)(wu)千兩(liang),而(er)(er)(er)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)未完,將(jiang)(jiang)浮于(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)萬(wan)兩(liang)。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)毅然(ran)(ran)(ran)多(duo)次上(shang)書,請(qing)求將(jiang)(jiang)韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)拖(tuo)欠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)部蠲免,并暫緩(huan)征(zheng)收(shou)(shou)新(xin)(xin)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),給(gei)(gei)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)休(xiu)養(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會(hui)。為(wei)(wei)國家(jia)(jia)征(zheng)收(shou)(shou)賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)本是一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)封(feng)建縣(xian)(xian)令最(zui)基(ji)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職責,考核升(sheng)遷全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)賴于(yu)此(ci)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)卻(que)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)為(wei)(wei)了(le)自己(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)名利祿而(er)(er)(er)向“無(wu)(wu)居、無(wu)(wu)衣、無(wu)(wu)食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)、有(you)(you)(you)皮無(wu)(wu)肉(rou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赤子(zi)”征(zheng)收(shou)(shou)賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),他(ta)說:“功(gong)令既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)寬我(wo),我(wo)也(ye)甘(gan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”又(you)(you)說:“畏功(gong)令而(er)(er)(er)迫(po)于(yu)催科(ke),既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能完賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),而(er)(er)(er)又(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)以(yi)傷國家(jia)(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元氣,卑職所不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢出也(ye)。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)認(ren)為(wei)(wei):“民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安(an)其(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),吏難(nan)盡其(qi)(qi)(qi)職。”作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)封(feng)建官吏能夠把百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)疾(ji)苦放在(zai)(zai)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)位,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧(gu)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)前(qian)途安(an)危(wei),實(shi)屬(shu)難(nan)得(de)。除(chu)了(le)連(lian)(lian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)災(zai)(zai)(zai)荒,韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困拖(tuo)欠賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)原因(yin)(yin)(yin)就是空賠(pei)錢糧(liang)(liang)。韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)自嘉靖四十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1561年(nian)(nian)(nian))丈(zhang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)均(jun)糧(liang)(liang)以(yi)后(hou)(hou),按(an)照(zhao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)畝數(shu)(shu)(shu)繳(jiao)納(na)錢糧(liang)(liang)。韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處黃河(he)岸(an)邊(bian),大量土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)被沖毀崩(beng)塌,農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)失去(qu)了(le)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),70多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)來卻(que)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直要(yao)按(an)照(zhao)嘉靖四十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)確定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)畝數(shu)(shu)(shu)交納(na)賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)空賠(pei)銀(yin)(yin)糧(liang)(liang)兩(liang)千余石(shi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)復一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian),農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活難(nan)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)繼(ji),“死者(zhe)半、逃(tao)者(zhe)半”。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下鄉(xiang)(xiang)巡視,看到(dao)(dao)近岸(an)村(cun)莊因(yin)(yin)(yin)“賠(pei)糧(liang)(liang)賣屋(wu),屋(wu)盡人(ren)(ren)逃(tao)與(yu)死也(ye)。沿(yan)河(he)居民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min),老(lao)幼萬(wan)余人(ren)(ren)……皆(jie)身無(wu)(wu)完衣。”面(mian)對(dui)(dui)慘(can)狀,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)急如焚。崇(chong)(chong)禎(zhen)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1635)十(shi)月,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)與(yu)縣(xian)(xian)內士(shi)紳反復磋(cuo)商,毅然(ran)(ran)(ran)決(jue)定在(zai)(zai)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)范圍(wei)內重(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)(xin)丈(zhang)量土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),平均(jun)田(tian)賦(fu),徹底(di)改變韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)空賠(pei)錢糧(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現狀,為(wei)(wei)韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)“除(chu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai),興百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利。”這是一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)項極(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo),涉及到(dao)(dao)各個(ge)(ge)階(jie)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利益,阻力(li)(li)很大,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)做(zuo)了(le)精(jing)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)細(xi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)排。他(ta)頒布了(le)《均(jun)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)則示》,設(she)計(ji)了(le)程(cheng)序嚴(yan)(yan)密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“三(san)(san)(san)番(fan)(fan)清(qing)丈(zhang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)”:各里(li)自己(ji)(ji)清(qing)丈(zhang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)畝數(shu)(shu)(shu),造《魚(yu)鱗(lin)冊(ce)》上(shang)報縣(xian)(xian)里(li)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)再(zai)率(lv)人(ren)(ren)逐(zhu)里(li)抽丈(zhang),最(zui)后(hou)(hou)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)28里(li)互相(xiang)復丈(zhang)。三(san)(san)(san)番(fan)(fan)清(qing)丈(zhang)后(hou)(hou),允許(xu)彼此(ci)舉報,如有(you)(you)(you)揭發(fa)(fa)舉報,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)則親(qin)自帶(dai)人(ren)(ren)前(qian)往丈(zhang)量。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)故意“隱(yin)漏”、“受賄”及“強梁不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)公(gong)”者(zhe),“依(yi)律(lv)定罪,決(jue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)食(shi)言”。為(wei)(wei)防(fang)止有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)行(xing)(xing)賄,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)命所有(you)(you)(you)工作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員“各帶(dai)口糧(liang)(liang),遇(yu)村(cun)鎮隨便買(mai)食(shi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)許(xu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)搭棚(peng)結彩,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)準備(bei)飯(fan)獻茶。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)避勞怨,專精(jing)力(li)(li)行(xing)(xing),從(cong)而(er)(er)(er)準確地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)掌握了(le)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)數(shu)(shu)(shu)量,做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)了(le)“有(you)(you)(you)田(tian)則有(you)(you)(you)糧(liang)(liang),無(wu)(wu)田(tian)則無(wu)(wu)糧(liang)(liang)。”韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)數(shu)(shu)(shu)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)空賠(pei)錢糧(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)大弊端終于(yu)革除(chu)了(le),廣大農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)奔走相(xiang)告,拍手稱快。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)指導(dao)編(bian)寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《魚(yu)鱗(lin)冊(ce)》,用(yong)(yong)來管理河(he)岸(an)灘地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),解決(jue)了(le)河(he)水(shui)淹沒土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)無(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)可(ke)耕種和(he)(he)河(he)水(shui)退后(hou)(hou)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)沒有(you)(you)(you)耕種仍(reng)(reng)要(yao)納(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難(nan)題,此(ci)舉深(shen)得(de)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)認(ren)可(ke),后(hou)(hou)世沿(yan)用(yong)(yong)至(zhi)今。
崇尚節(jie)儉(jian),割除(chu)陋習,嚴(yan)禁(jin)(jin)奢靡之(zhi)(zhi)風。左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)在(zai)韓城期間,十分(fen)注重(zhong)訪聽民(min)間疾苦和風土人(ren)(ren)(ren)情。他(ta)“深山(shan)窮(qiong)谷,足(zu)跡殆(dai)遍。”發現韓城習俗有崇尚奢侈(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)風,“相沿不(bu)止,勢(shi)且繁(fan)多(duo)。”特別(bie)(bie)是婚(hun)喪(sang)(sang)嫁(jia)娶(qu)(qu)(qu)方(fang)(fang)面禮(li)數(shu)繁(fan)瑣,奢侈(chi)浪費(fei),一(yi)般(ban)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)負擔(dan)不(bu)起(qi)。男(nan)女(nv)(nv)婚(hun)姻,女(nv)(nv)方(fang)(fang)專索厚聘(pin),男(nan)方(fang)(fang)強索妝(zhuang)奩,“以至(zhi)(zhi)富者(zhe)貧,而(er)貧者(zhe)不(bu)能嫁(jia)女(nv)(nv)。生(sheng)女(nv)(nv)則(ze)愁(chou)異(yi)日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)費(fei),有棄(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)育者(zhe)。”為(wei)死(si)者(zhe)發喪(sang)(sang),則(ze)流(liu)行(xing)大(da)(da)擺(bai)酒席、設臺(tai)唱戲,妄費(fei)甚(shen)多(duo),以至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)“父母病(bing)時不(bu)自憂其病(bing),而(er)憂其子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)無所費(fei)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)子(zi)遇(yu)喪(sang)(sang),不(bu)一(yi)味哀痛,反(fan)留心檢(jian)點諸費(fei),久(jiu)而(er)不(bu)葬(zang)其親(qin)。”老百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)結不(bu)起(qi)婚(hun)、埋不(bu)起(qi)死(si)者(zhe),左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)感嘆:“奢之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)害(hai),一(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)此!”左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)認為(wei),韓城災害(hai)頻發,盜匪猖(chang)獗,不(bu)盡是“天數(shu)使然(ran)”,百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)奢僭之(zhi)(zhi)風,也“皆足(zu)致(zhi)異(yi)”。為(wei)嚴(yan)禁(jin)(jin)奢靡,以挽風俗,左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)與地士紳共同努力,韓城民(min)風為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)變。崇禎(zhen)九(jiu)年(nian)(1636)七月,左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)發布了著名的(de)(de)(de)《崇儉(jian)書(shu)(shu)》告(gao)示,提出“以儉(jian)樸為(wei)風化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)首”,明令限制(zhi)和禁(jin)(jin)止婚(hun)喪(sang)(sang)嫁(jia)娶(qu)(qu)(qu)中的(de)(de)(de)種種奢糜風俗。他(ta)根據官宦、士庶各(ge)個(ge)階層(ceng)(ceng)不(bu)同經濟(ji)條件,對(dui)婚(hun)喪(sang)(sang)嫁(jia)娶(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)每個(ge)環(huan)節(jie)、每個(ge)細節(jie)都作(zuo)了質和量的(de)(de)(de)具體規定(ding)(ding),婚(hun)禮(li)、喪(sang)(sang)禮(li)形成(cheng)定(ding)(ding)式。同時規定(ding)(ding),婚(hun)禮(li)中禁(jin)(jin)止沿街擺(bai)列妝(zhuang)奩,以示夸(kua)耀(yao);喪(sang)(sang)禮(li)中不(bu)許擺(bai)酒設宴(yan)、搭臺(tai)作(zuo)戲。除(chu)此之(zhi)(zhi)外,還對(dui)日(ri)常生(sheng)活方(fang)(fang)面諸如(ru)居處、穿衣、戴帽(mao)、宴(yan)會(hui)、禮(li)尚往來等(deng)作(zuo)出量化(hua)從儉(jian)的(de)(de)(de)細致(zhi)規定(ding)(ding)。為(wei)使各(ge)項規定(ding)(ding)符合習俗又切實可行(xing),左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)征求各(ge)階層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)意見(jian),用了三(san)個(ge)月時間才得以定(ding)(ding)稿,公(gong)示于(yu)(yu)眾,要求縉紳士民(min)“各(ge)守其應得之(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)”,如(ru)有違犯,“許鄉約(yue)鄰佑(you)地方(fang)(fang)舉報(bao)”。因為(wei)這些措施事先征求了各(ge)個(ge)階層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)意見(jian),先在(zai)鄉紳中試行(xing)三(san)個(ge)月,之(zhi)(zhi)后順利地在(zai)全(quan)縣推(tui)開(kai)。大(da)(da)戶人(ren)(ren)(ren)家婚(hun)喪(sang)(sang)嫁(jia)娶(qu)(qu)(qu)時率(lv)先遵守《崇儉(jian)書(shu)(shu)》的(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding),一(yi)般(ban)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)紛(fen)紛(fen)效仿,社(she)會(hui)風氣為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)變。左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)為(wei)韓城百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活作(zuo)出了影響后世(shi)幾百(bai)(bai)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)向性(xing)設計,大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減輕了人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)負擔(dan),受到廣大(da)(da)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)特別(bie)(bie)是貧苦農民(min)的(de)(de)(de)歡迎。三(san)百(bai)(bai)多(duo)年(nian)過去了,《崇儉(jian)書(shu)(shu)》歷(li)久(jiu)彌新,韓城百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)至(zhi)(zhi)今仍(reng)然(ran)遵守著左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)立下的(de)(de)(de)很多(duo)規矩,早已成(cheng)為(wei)傳(chuan)統(tong)文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)部分(fen)。
左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)還十(shi)(shi)分(fen)注(zhu)重(zhong)發展文(wen)化教育事(shi)業,弘揚社會(hui)正(zheng)氣。韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)六(liu)年(nian),盡(jin)(jin)管兵(bing)荒馬(ma)亂(luan),多(duo)災多(duo)難,但左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)仍做出(chu)了令(ling)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)稱道的成績(ji)。崇(chong)禎七(qi)年(nian)(1634),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)充任陜(shan)西鄉試(shi)考官,錄取了11人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)僅有(you)1人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)考上(shang)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)受到很(hen)大觸(chu)動,內心(xin)深感(gan)不(bu)安,認為(wei)自己負有(you)責任。回到韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)在全縣(xian)選拔優秀(xiu)生(sheng)員,成立(li)“尊(zun)經社”,每月兩次(ci)親(qin)(qin)自到明倫堂講解(jie)經書,學生(sheng)常常“執經問難于前(qian),竟日(ri)乃已。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)的努力取得(de)(de)了實(shi)效。三年(nian)后(hou),陜(shan)西鄉試(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)有(you)8人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)舉(ju),全部是(shi)(shi)(shi)“尊(zun)經社”的學生(sheng)。《韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)志(zhi)》載:“韓(han)(han)(han)(han)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)知(zhi)(zhi)通經學古自公始。丙子登科者八人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),皆社中(zhong)(zhong)士,其(qi)余澤也。”“由是(shi)(shi)(shi)捷(jie)書蟬聯,至今(jin)為(wei)國家(jia)楨者,先(xian)生(sheng)開之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。”韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)崇(chong)文(wen)重(zhong)教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)興(xing)起,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)輩(bei)出(chu),有(you)的成為(wei)棟梁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)僅開重(zhong)教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風(feng),還十(shi)(shi)分(fen)注(zhu)重(zhong)宣揚社會(hui)正(zheng)氣。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)有(you)“東海孝(xiao)子”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming),曾(ceng)為(wei)父(fu)親(qin)(qin)守孝(xiao)三年(nian),因父(fu)親(qin)(qin)葬在蘿石(shi)山上(shang),遂自號蘿石(shi),終身(shen)不(bu)忘(wang)父(fu)親(qin)(qin)養(yang)育之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恩。在韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)僅自己侍奉母(mu)親(qin)(qin)起居盡(jin)(jin)心(xin)盡(jin)(jin)力,無微不(bu)至,還重(zhong)刻(ke)《孝(xiao)經》一書,號召百姓講究(jiu)孝(xiao)道,懂得(de)(de)孝(xiao)親(qin)(qin)大義。有(you)一縣(xian)民(min)因犯事(shi)被(bei)押到縣(xian)衙(ya),懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)聽說(shuo)他(ta)(ta)家(jia)里(li)(li)尚有(you)老(lao)母(mu)需要(yao)侍候,即(ji)放回。久之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)免有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)作假(jia)。懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)說(shuo):我(wo)并非不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)道,但是(shi)(shi)(shi)從長(chang)遠(yuan)來看(kan),孝(xiao)親(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)興(xing)起,所得(de)(de)必多(duo)啊。韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)有(you)程氏(shi)(shi)妻燕(yan)氏(shi)(shi),面對盜賊(zei)的利刃毫不(bu)畏懼,以身(shen)護住婆母(mu),“賊(zei)感(gan)其(qi)孝(xiao),舍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而去。”懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)得(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi),立(li)即(ji)上(shang)奏朝廷,請求(qiu)旌表。韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)芝川(chuan)為(wei)宋(song)代太(tai)師張(zhang)升故里(li)(li),張(zhang)升為(wei)官耿(geng)直,懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)作詩贊揚他(ta)(ta):“吾想君子直,亭亭山上(shang)松。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)整修(xiu)(xiu)司(si)馬(ma)遷(qian)墓(mu)(mu),撰寫《祭司(si)馬(ma)子長(chang)文(wen)》,贊其(qi)豐(feng)功(gong)偉(wei)績(ji)。又(you)修(xiu)(xiu)繕(shan)蘇(su)武墓(mu)(mu),撰寫《新(xin)漢典屬國蘇(su)子卿(qing)墓(mu)(mu)垣記》,對蘇(su)武的節操給予了極高(gao)評價。修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)白(bai)公祠(ci),歌頌(song)白(bai)居易關心(xin)民(min)生(sheng)疾苦的情懷。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)的這些做法(fa),向(xiang)社會(hui)傳達了純(chun)正(zheng)良好(hao)的風(feng)氣。尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)蘇(su)武的精神(shen),對左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)本人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)影(ying)響很(hen)深,為(wei)他(ta)(ta)出(chu)使清廷不(bu)屈殉國埋下(xia)了伏(fu)筆。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)治理(li)(li)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)的六(liu)年(nian),時間不(bu)長(chang),但政(zheng)績(ji)斐然,展示(shi)了出(chu)色(se)的理(li)(li)政(zheng)才(cai)能。他(ta)(ta)深知(zhi)(zhi)職責所在,心(xin)系(xi)百姓,體察民(min)情,換來了韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)的普遍擁戴,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們把他(ta)(ta)與司(si)馬(ma)遷(qian)、蘇(su)武、郭(guo)子儀、白(bai)居易并稱為(wei)“禹門五賢”。韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)歷(li)史上(shang)先(xian)后(hou)建(jian)有(you)十(shi)(shi)座杰出(chu)名(ming)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)祠(ci),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)占了兩座,一處左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)公祠(ci),一處蘿石(shi)祠(ci);韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)名(ming)宦祠(ci)里(li)(li)供奉十(shi)(shi)位先(xian)賢,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)又(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一,可見左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)在韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)心(xin)目(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)的崇(chong)高(gao)地位。
3、其他記載
崇禎三(san)(san)年(1630年),左(zuo)懋(mao)第鄉試中(zhong)(zhong)山東第二名舉人,次(ci)年中(zhong)(zhong)進士(shi)。懋(mao)第任陜西韓城令,崇禎十二年(1639年)官(guan)戶科給事中(zhong)(zhong),上書(shu)提(ti)出(chu)時局有四(si)(si)(si)弊:民(min)(min)窮、兵弱、臣(chen)工(gong)推諉(wei)、國計虛耗。升(sheng)太常寺(si)正(zheng)卿,右僉都(dou)御史。十四(si)(si)(si)年,督(du)催漕運,道(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)馳疏言(yan):“臣(chen)自靜海(hai)抵臨清,見人民(min)(min)饑死者三(san)(san),疫死者三(san)(san),為盜者四(si)(si)(si)。米(mi)石銀二十四(si)(si)(si)兩,人死取(qu)以食。惟(wei)圣明垂念(nian)。”崇禎十六年(1643年)秋,出(chu)巡長江防(fang)務(wu),不(bu)久北都(dou)淪(lun)陷(xian),其母陳氏絕食而死。
清兵入(ru)關,左懋第被(bei)任為(wei)兵部右侍郎兼(jian)右僉(qian)都御史,以(yi)陳(chen)洪范、馬紹愉為(wei)副使(shi),前往北京,通好議和。
左(zuo)懋第開始時(shi)(shi)反對議和(he)(he),極力(li)主戰(zhan),并請求撥給他(ta)人馬(ma),以(yi)(yi)收復失地(di),恢復大(da)明江山(shan).但未獲(huo)批(pi)準。繼而他(ta)又拒絕出(chu)使議和(he)(he),請求安(an)(an)宗(zong)皇(huang)帝改(gai)派他(ta)人出(chu)使,也未被(bei)接受。左(zuo)懋第深織赴京議和(he)(he),如同與虎謀皮,希(xi)望(wang)渺茫,但君命難違,只能(neng)照辦。臨行前,他(ta)力(li)勸(quan)安(an)(an)宗(zong)皇(huang)帝“時(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)先帝之(zhi)(zhi)仇(chou)(chou)、北都(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)恥(chi)(chi)為(wei)(wei)念”, “勿以(yi)(yi)北行為(wei)(wei)和(he)(he)議必成,勿以(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)成為(wei)(wei)足恃”。提(ti)醒南(nan)明王(wang)朝不(bu)要期望(wang)和(he)(he)議一定能(neng)成功,即使議和(he)(he)成功,也不(bu)一定是可以(yi)(yi)信賴(lai)的,主張(zhang)以(yi)(yi)武(wu)力(li)保平安(an)(an)。“夫能(neng)渡河(he)而戰(zhan),始能(neng)扼(e)河(he)而守,必能(neng)扼(e)河(he)面守,始能(neng)畫江而安(an)(an).’強調以(yi)(yi)天下為(wei)(wei)重(zhong),以(yi)(yi)恥(chi)(chi)仇(chou)(chou)為(wei)(wei)念,以(yi)(yi)淪陷(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)民(min)為(wei)(wei)憂,要整(zheng)軍傷(shang)兵,以(yi)(yi)田恢復大(da)業。
左懋第對北行議和的危險也深(shen)有預料。他(ta)在一封信中說,
“懋(mao)第(di)此行,是懋(mao)第(di)死日也。”立志要“效宋(song)之文天樣”,“留正氣于(yu)千古。”
崇禎十(shi)七年十(shi)月(yue)初(chu),揩二(er)副使及隨從百余人至北(bei)京張家灣(wan),住進鴻(hong)臚(lu)寺。懋第在鴻(hong)臚(lu)寺陳設太(tai)(tai)牢,率隨員北(bei)面哭祭三日(ri)。十(shi)月(yue)二(er)十(shi)七日(ri)多爾(er)袞釋放(fang)左(zuo)懋第南(nan)歸。左(zuo)等走出永定門(men),馮詮勸(quan)多爾(er)袞不要“放(fang)虎歸山”,十(shi)一月(yue)十(shi)四(si)日(ri)多爾(er)袞遣百騎在滄州追回(hui),被(bei)扣留在北(bei)京太(tai)(tai)醫院(yuan),墻(qiang)上遍布荊棘,自(zi)言(yan):“生為(wei)明(ming)臣,死(si)為(wei)明(ming)鬼,我志(zhi)也。”為(wei)了擊退清王(wang)朝(chao)的利誘(you)勸(quan)降(jiang),他寫(xie)了“生為(wei)大明(ming)忠臣,死(si)為(wei)大明(ming)忠鬼”的對聯貼在門(men)上。一則明(ming)志(zhi),一則堵勸(quan)降(jiang)說(shuo)客之口(kou)。他還畫(hua)了一幅蘇武牧羊(yang)畫(hua)像,掛在墻(qiang)上以自(zi)勵。
弘(hong)光元年閏(run)六月(yue)(yue)十(shi)五日(ri)頒(ban)布剃發(fa)令(ling),隨(sui)員艾大選(xuan)遵(zun)旨薙發(fa),懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)將其(qi)亂棍(gun)打死(si)(si),清(qing)廷(ting)前來責問,懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)曰:“吾(wu)自(zi)(zi)行我法,殺我人,與(yu)若何預?”清(qing)廷(ting)設“太平(ping)宴”宴請,懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)拒食。又(you)(you)遣洪(hong)承疇前來說(shuo)降(jiang),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)說(shuo):“此鬼也。洪(hong)督師在松山死(si)(si)節,先(xian)(xian)帝賜祭九(jiu)壇(tan),今日(ri)安得更生(sheng)?”洪(hong)承疇慚愧而退。李建泰又(you)(you)來勸(quan)降(jiang),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)怒(nu)斥說(shuo):“老奴(nu)尚在?先(xian)(xian)帝寵(chong)餞,勒兵剿(jiao)賊(zei),既不殉國,又(you)(you)失身焉,何面目見我?”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)又(you)(you)責問勸(quan)降(jiang)的堂兄弟(di)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)泰:“此非(fei)吾(wu)弟(di)也?”隨(sui)之將其(qi)叱離。多爾袞大怒(nu),親自(zi)(zi)提審懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)直(zhi)立(li)不跪。當(dang)問道:“你為何不肯(ken)剃頭(tou)?”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)回答:“頭(tou)可斷,發(fa)不可斷!”金之俊勸(quan)他:“先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)何不知興(xing)廢!”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)針鋒相(xiang)對答道:“汝何不知羞恥!”多爾袞知其(qi)不可降(jiang),閏(run)六月(yue)(yue)十(shi)九(jiu)日(ri),命左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右推出宣武門(men)外菜(cai)市(shi)口處死(si)(si)。
臨刑(xing)時,左(zuo)懋第南(nan)向再拜說:“臣等(deng)事大明之心(xin)盡矣。”有(you)絕命(ming)詩(shi):“峽坼巢(chao)封歸路迥,片云南(nan)下意如何;丹忱碧血(xue)消難盡,蕩作寒(han)煙總不磨(mo)。”隨員陳用極、王一斌、張(zhang)良佐、王廷佐、劉統等(deng)人皆不屈而死(si)。
左(zuo)懋第著有(you)《梅花(hua)屋詩抄》一卷,《蘿石山房文(wen)抄》四(si)卷,《左(zuo)忠貞公剩(sheng)稿》四(si)卷。
《姜(jiang)烈士正芳傳》作者:左(zuo) 懋 第(di)
姜(jiang)正芳(fang)(fang)(fang),邑人(ren),居(ju)(ju)邑西(xi)(xi)北五(wu)里許(xu)〔指今柏(bo)林莊鎮(zhen)小埠(bu)頂村〕。少有(you)力,能弓(gong)矢及劍。值(zhi)海上備倭,應登州壯(zhuang)士募,欲殺賊立(li)功名。后(hou)事已(yi)(yi),罷歸農。軀長健勇而(er)樸(pu)誠,好解斗(dou)。有(you)兄弟十(shi)(shi)年訟(song)者(zhe),合之(zhi)無異詞。又知書,時說(shuo)古今成(cheng)敗事,髯眉為動(dong)。崇禎二年己巳,年已(yi)(yi)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)。際〔遇(yu)〕董(dong)大(da)成(cheng)〔今屬柏(bo)林莊鎮(zhen)劉(liu)家疃村人(ren)〕亂(luan)。大(da)成(cheng)亦邑人(ren),恃勇好亂(luan)敗產,多結(jie)惡少。會妖賊李(li)〔指傳白蓮教(jiao)的(de)李(li)盛明(ming)〕,不(bu)知何地(di)(di)人(ren),能術煽齊民(min),成(cheng)陰受約為從〔大(da)成(cheng)暗地(di)(di)里接受他的(de)密約,跟(gen)從他造反(fan)〕。有(you)招(zhao)遠許(xu)湯(tang),殺催(cui)稅隸叛據腰山〔今稱窯(yao)山,在譚格莊鎮(zhen)北〕。成(cheng)與(yu)湯(tang)夙盟,疑(yi)不(bu)定(ding),遂(sui)出城散(san)徒(tu)掠人(ren)為盜,三(san)日(ri),得三(san)千人(ren)。聚(ju)邑西(xi)(xi)劉(liu)家莊,待與(yu)俱東去。芳(fang)(fang)(fang)居(ju)(ju)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)一(yi)里,成(cheng)率騎至其家。芳(fang)(fang)(fang)不(bu)避,為開陳大(da)難, 不(bu)易發(fa),當早寢〔早早停(ting)息〕。不(bu)應,反(fan)迫與(yu)俱。芳(fang)(fang)(fang)度〔考(kao)慮〕其黨已(yi)(yi)發(fa),不(bu)可(ke)說(shuo),又徒(tu)死無益,佯(yang)應之(zhi)。且紿〔音迨,同詒,欺騙(pian)〕之(zhi)曰:汝(ru)事舉三(san)余日(ri)矣,官軍得無知者(zhe)?三(san)千人(ren)而(er)抱頭聚(ju),若軍至,何以(yi)應?成(cheng)曰:奈何?芳(fang)(fang)(fang)教(jiao)以(yi)分為五(wu),皆里許(xu)隔,變可(ke)相聞(wen)。賊從之(zhi)。日(ri)暮,果分為五(wu),北者(zhe)近芳(fang)(fang)(fang)居(ju)(ju),賊腹(fu)心則居(ju)(ju)中。
十一月廿三夜,晦〔天黑〕不(bu)(bu)(bu)見人。芳(fang)(fang)喜,潛(qian)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)東(dong)南(nan)西(xi),皆(jie)語曰(yue)(yue):官兵(bing)(bing)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi),吾儕chai〔我等(deng)〕皆(jie)良(liang)人,今無(wu)死(si)所(suo)。如(ru)聞(wen)戰(zhan)斗(dou)聲,宜(yi)(yi)各為(wei)計。掠人〔被掠之人〕皆(jie)惶迫(po),不(bu)(bu)(bu)知所(suo)為(wei)。芳(fang)(fang)因至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中語曰(yue)(yue):官軍(jun)已(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)〔大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)〕村后(hou)矣(yi),宜(yi)(yi)力(li)敵勿怠。大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)及(ji)諸(zhu)腹心俱鹵騃〔癡愚,鹵,通魯。騃,音(yin)似〕,不(bu)(bu)(bu)知兵(bing)(bing)。皆(jie)懼而(er)強諾焉(yan)。芳(fang)(fang)又說(shuo)其(qi)北(bei)近居者曰(yue)(yue):官軍(jun)自南(nan)來,汝(ru)等(deng)宜(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)示人眾,至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)便(bian)梃擊無(wu)失。亦應(ying)曰(yue)(yue):諾。因大(da)(da)呼(hu)(hu)(hu),居中者聞(wen)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)亦大(da)(da)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)。引人北(bei)向,梃相接溷〔混亂(luan)〕擊焉(yan)。其(qi)東(dong)南(nan)西(xi)聞(wen)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)及(ji)戰(zhan)斗(dou)聲,大(da)(da)恐,亦大(da)(da)呼(hu)(hu)(hu),盡逃去戰(zhan)。賊聞(wen)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)亦亂(luan)。逮〔等(deng)到〕辨聲諗為(wei)芳(fang)(fang)計,而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)已(yi)偕從董(dong)平(ping)馳騎遁東(dong)埠(bu)。尋(xun)而(er)告語之,怒回呼(hu)(hu)(hu)芳(fang)(fang)。芳(fang)(fang)應(ying)之途曰(yue)(yue):我為(wei)汝(ru)練兵(bing)(bing)耳(er)。成(cheng)(cheng)曰(yue)(yue):汝(ru)亂(luan)吾兵(bing)(bing),何練為(wei)?芳(fang)(fang)曰(yue)(yue):汝(ru)新集兵(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可戰(zhan), 試(shi)恐以官軍(jun)走矣(yi),況親至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者乎?欲圖事
須(xu)入(ru)與(yu)(yu)我(wo)謀。因延至其(qi)家。成(cheng)與(yu)(yu)眾賊因人多逃(tao),皆搖亂無(wu)定(ding)見,遂(sui)信之。芳欲堅(jian)其(qi)入(ru)〔堅(jian)定(ding)其(qi)進(jin)入(ru)之決心(xin)〕,曰:兵(bing)未(wei)散者,尚五六百人,可駐我(wo)門前,但(dan)腹心(xin)入(ru)與(yu)(yu)謀。成(cheng)遂(sui)及其(qi)腹心(xin)六七人入(ru)。芳為設坐(zuo),具燈火笑曰:俱饑(ji)矣,我(wo)具食。
芳三子,長(chang)別居;次渭經,抱布貿;渭明(ming),嫁花草竹木(mu)以(yi)生(sheng)。時長(chang)子之(zhi)子春在焉。芳出屬〔通囑〕經視前門(men),明(ming)視后門(men)。矯〔假傳〕賊(zei)(zei)令,勿使一人入。屬其(qi)孫(sun)從(cong)之(zhi)〔囑咐他的孫(sun)子跟從(cong)他〕。孫(sun)問所以(yi),芳曰:賊(zei)(zei)入我彀(gou)中矣。待就(jiu)食,我從(cong)旁(pang)斫董賊(zei)(zei)死。我雖老尚健,可(ke)抵三四人。魁死〔頭(tou)目死〕,余鳥獸散,不(bu)(bu)足畏即不(bu)(bu)幸(xing)為賊(zei)(zei)殺,舉家以(yi)良(liang)百姓。殺賊(zei)(zei)死,不(bu)(bu)愈于作賊(zei)(zei)死乎?汝勿語(yu)諸婦人,但(dan)促(cu)具食。芳因入, 酌酒董賊(zei)(zei)前又(you)遍酌諸腹心,以(yi)麥湯飲之(zhi)。成(cheng)等皆就(jiu)食,惟一賊(zei)(zei)魯東明(ming)者不(bu)(bu)食,持鐵叉立成(cheng)傍目芳。芳疑之(zhi),因自思曰:過此(ci)瞬恐無及(ji)(ji),吾當并斫之(zhi)。因取(qu)其(qi)衣下藏刀斫大成(cheng),未及(ji)(ji)。東明(ming)格之(zhi),錚有聲。大成(cheng)驚拔(ba)佩刀起應(ying)之(zhi)。
諸賊(zei)(zei)(zei)舍食起拔(ba)刀。芳知不(bu)濟,持刀趨出門,呼(hu):馬(ma)安在?得賊(zei)(zei)(zei)馬(ma)聳乘之。大(da)呼(hu)曰(yue)(yue):人(ren)或逆(ni)我〔誰如(ru)阻止我〕,死矣。于(yu)是群賊(zei)(zei)(zei)隨出大(da)呼(hu)曰(yue)(yue):圍之勿令走。門前諸賊(zei)(zei)(zei)圍之數匝。芳力(li)斫,殺(sha)(sha)三四人(ren)。馳數十步,群矛環刺焉,遂墜馬(ma)被縛。賊(zei)(zei)(zei)乃入(ru)收其(qi)(qi)(qi)家當。堂中(zhong)亂,婦女(nv)多走。時賊(zei)(zei)(zei)約(yue)不(bu)掠,婦女(nv)多混(hun)鄰居以免(mian)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)長孫亦走免(mian)。惟渭(wei)(wei)經、渭(wei)(wei)明被執,孫三人(ren)亂殺(sha)(sha)死。盡焚其(qi)(qi)(qi)廬(lu)舍。
大(da)成以(yi)兵(bing)環〔包圍(wei)〕芳(fang)并其子,罵曰:汝(ru)(ru)何為計殺我?芳(fang)曰:殺汝(ru)(ru)不中,命也。但早死(si)(si)耳(er)。賊怒,罵曰:何易求死(si)(si),命取(qu)水灌三人(ren)(ren),寒凍之(zhi)(zhi)。群刺(ci)以(yi)矛,體無(wu)完膚,遂刳(ku)心剖腸(chang)。終無(wu)餒詞〔始終沒有屈服〕。芳(fang)既死(si)(si),賊眾(zhong)(zhong)漸集(ji),又遣人(ren)(ren)分掠得千(qian)人(ren)(ren)。廿四日,遂攻邑城。廿五(wu)日又攻,皆(jie)不克。后遂益賊至(zhi)五(wu)千(qian)人(ren)(ren),圍(wei)城焚外關(guan)。十二月,登(deng)(deng)兵(bing)〔登(deng)(deng)州(zhou)府之(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)〕至(zhi),與戰,賊敗走。追(zhui)殺平之(zhi)(zhi)。大(da)成同左龍(long)西(xi)皆(jie)走出。至(zhi)蒙陰(yin)縣,典史王擒殺之(zhi)(zhi),梟其首,傳之(zhi)(zhi)邑懸(xuan)示〔懸(xuan)首示眾(zhong)(zhong)〕焉。典史,山海(hai)關(guan)人(ren)(ren)。
左(zuo)子曰:董賊(zei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變,余(yu)時為諸生(sheng)。聞(wen)有賊(zei),士民皆(jie)乘(cheng)城(cheng)。賊(zei)方(fang)駐西埠外,久不(bu)(bu)來(lai)攻城(cheng)。至夜聞(wen)眾(zhong)呼聲,城(cheng)者曰:賊(zei)其(qi)有恐(kong)與(yu),不(bu)(bu)知芳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為也(ye)。芳以(yi)(yi)野老,未沾(zhan)大官(guan)(guan)斗米,而(er)散賊(zei)殺(sha)賊(zei),以(yi)(yi)必死謀(mou)賊(zei),何烈也(ye)。韓愈論(lun)張許:守一城(cheng)捍天下(xia)(xia),以(yi)(yi)千百(bai)就盡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒(zu),戰百(bai)萬方(fang)滋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寇,蔽遮江(jiang)淮,阻遏其(qi)勢(shi)(shi)。天下(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)亡(wang),其(qi)誰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功?余(yu)謂萊(lai)陽門未及,土賊(zei)乘(cheng)新(xin)集之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勢(shi)(shi),卒(zu)薄城(cheng)下(xia)(xia),事(shi)未可(ke)知。夜散之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),殺(sha)其(qi)勢(shi)(shi)而(er)緩其(qi)攻,以(yi)(yi)益(yi)〔增加〕城(cheng)中一日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)備,遂得(de)獲奸內靖,眾(zhong)志鼓(gu)厲。萊(lai)陽不(bu)(bu)亡(wang),不(bu)(bu)可(ke)謂非芳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功。事(shi)雖小,大懸(xuan)殊:愈〔韓愈〕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言益(yi)信夫。余(yu)嘗拜其(qi)墓,見三墳(fen)為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)涕(ti)。因過其(qi)門:廬舍皆(jie)燼。孫十四人,賊(zei)殺(sha)其(qi)三,余(yu)者皆(jie)垢敝。妻王年六十余(yu),依墻(qiang)結茅以(yi)(yi)居。乘(cheng)軒(xuan)者〔即當官(guan)(guan)的(de)。軒(xuan),古(gu)代(dai)高(gao)官(guan)(guan)乘(cheng)坐的(de)一種有圍棚或帷幕的(de)車〕未嘗一問,匹夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)節(jie),不(bu)(bu)亦悲乎?
左懋第為(wei)人正直,敢(gan)于直言進諫。崇禎年間,大(da)明矛盾重(zhong)重(zhong)、危(wei)機(ji)四伏,陷入內外(wai)(wai)交(jiao)困之(zhi)中,內有李自成農民軍縱橫半天(tian)下,外(wai)(wai)有清兵屢次入侵,邊防破敗,天(tian)災(zai)頻仍(reng),三餉加派(pai),竭盡民脂(zhi),吏治腐朽,民不聊生。統治集團內部爭權奪利。身為(wei)朝廷言官的左懋第憂心如(ru)焚(fen),他屢次上疏,針(zhen)砭(bian)時弊,提出救國救民之(zhi)策,為(wei)朝野(ye)所(suo)矚目。
左懋第從民(min)(min)族利益出(chu)發,多次(ci)向當政者提(ti)出(chu)治國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)正確主張(zhang)。左懋第被擢升為戶(hu)科給(gei)事中后,尖銳(rui)指(zhi)斥(chi)民(min)(min)窮、兵弱、臣工推(tui)諉、國(guo)計虛耗這(zhe)四種時弊,提(ti)醒(xing)明(ming)王朝加以解決。為減輕(qing)勞動(dong)人民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)負擔,緩和階級矛盾,以有利于鞏(gong)固封建統(tong)治,較(jiao)好(hao)地進行與崛起于關外的(de)(de)(de)滿族的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)族斗爭,他(ta)屢次(ci)上書奏請(qing)納監、出(chu)錢贖罪、廣開財源,行平倉法、監法及減輕(qing)賦稅,輸粟(su)邊塞、以充軍(jun)糧。
后來,左懋第又改任刑科給事中,仍不斷提(ti)出減輕人民負(fu)擔的奏請。
初(chu)入諫垣,左(zuo)懋第(di)便上疏要求停(ting)止(zhi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)餉(xiang)加派,在他和(he)其他大臣的苦諫下(xia),崇(chong)禎(zhen)十(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)年(1640年),崇(chong)禎(zhen)帝(di)(di)宣布停(ting)征(zheng)剿餉(xiang)。左(zuo)懋第(di)請馬(ma)上公告天(tian)下(xia),免得地(di)方(fang)開(kai)征(zheng),小(xiao)(xiao)民不得實惠(hui),崇(chong)禎(zhen)帝(di)(di)采納了他的建(jian)議。當年三(san)(san)(san)(san)月,北京大風不止(zhi),左(zuo)懋第(di)又借(jie)天(tian)變(bian)上言,直陳時政缺失。他指出:朝廷雖(sui)然數次下(xia)詔(zhao)減(jian)兵省餉(xiang),但小(xiao)(xiao)民卻日(ri)困一日(ri)。原因在于朝廷免征(zheng),而地(di)方(fang)催征(zheng),貪官(guan)污(wu)吏借(jie)機中飽私囊。欲除此弊,必須(xu)公開(kai)各(ge)地(di)征(zheng)賦之數,讓(rang)小(xiao)(xiao)民明(ming)白(bai),使貪官(guan)無法(fa)作奸。停(ting)征(zheng)的加賦,必須(xu)嚴令(ling)各(ge)地(di)實行,不許(xu)各(ge)級層層追(zhui)加,這樣才(cai)能使皇帝(di)(di)的恩(en)惠(hui)潤澤萬民。崇(chong)禎(zhen)帝(di)(di)很贊(zan)賞他的建(jian)議,下(xia)令(ling)免掉上災(zai)七十(shi)五州(zhou)(zhou)縣新、舊、練三(san)(san)(san)(san)餉(xiang),中災(zai)六十(shi)八州(zhou)(zhou)縣新、舊二餉(xiang),下(xia)災(zai)三(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)八州(zhou)(zhou)縣三(san)(san)(san)(san)餉(xiang)緩征(zheng)。
崇(chong)禎十四(si)年(1641年),左(zuo)懋第奉命督(du)辦漕(cao)運(yun),即督(du)辦自江南(nan)沿運(yun)河向(xiang)(xiang)京(jing)城運(yun)送糧食。當時江南(nan)發生饑(ji)荒,遍(bian)地餓殍(piao),饑(ji)民的(de)反抗(kang)時有發生。從統治階級的(de)整體利益出發,左(zuo)懋第多次(ci)向(xiang)(xiang)崇(chong)楨皇帝(di)上書,請求(qiu)放(fang)糧贍災。并(bing)發出了“贍救安可不變”的(de)呼(hu)吁,為(wei)民請命。當時明(ming)王朝兵(bing)連禍結(jie)。國庫空虛,民族矛(mao)盾和階級矛(mao)盾空前激(ji)烈(lie),內外交困,處于風雨飄搖之中,左(zuo)懋第的(de)意見未(wei)被采納。
崇禎十六年(1643年)秋,左懋第出巡長江防務。尚未返京。
明(ming)(ming)朝(chao)末年,國(guo)(guo)家(jia)內憂外患,危機四伏,大(da)(da)廈將傾,萊陽進士左懋第(di)卻登(deng)上了(le)人生(sheng)最壯美的(de)舞臺(tai)。他(ta)治理韓城,政績優(you)異(yi),考選(xuan)欽定第(di)一,由知縣擢升朝(chao)中擔任(ren)(ren)要職,成(cheng)為(wei)崇禎(zhen)(zhen)皇帝信任(ren)(ren)的(de)股(gu)肱(gong)之臣。崇禎(zhen)(zhen)甲申(shen)清兵入關,國(guo)(guo)難當(dang)頭(tou),他(ta)挺身而(er)出,與攝政王多(duo)爾(er)袞唇槍舌劍,堅決維護大(da)(da)明(ming)(ming)尊嚴。面對酷(ku)刑(xing)和威逼利(li)誘,他(ta)寧作大(da)(da)明(ming)(ming)鬼(gui),不當(dang)清朝(chao)王,成(cheng)為(wei)比(bi)肩(jian)文(wen)天(tian)祥的(de)民族英雄。
清乾(qian)隆四(si)十(shi)一年(1776年)欽定殉(xun)節錄,賜(si)專謚“忠貞”,祀本邑鄉(xiang)賢、韓城名(ming)宦祠(ci),萊陽又建(jian)左(zuo)公祠(ci),春秋次(ci)丁致祭。韓城人(ren)建(jian)祠(ci)與漢(han)代的蘇武(wu)并祀。
左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋第墓(mu)(mu)(mu)位于(yu)山東省煙(yan)臺市(shi)萊陽市(shi)沐浴(yu)店鎮北旺村(cun)東北左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)家瑩,距村(cun)約700米,該(gai)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)原葬地(di)在(zai)柏林莊鎮東南(nan)方向羅石頂上。1952年部隊營(ying)房建設(she)時其后裔將此墓(mu)(mu)(mu)遷(qian)至該(gai)處(chu)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)姓居住的(de)北旺村(cun)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)家瑩內。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)區有墓(mu)(mu)(mu)冢3座(zuo)成品(pin)字(zi)形排列,懋第墓(mu)(mu)(mu)立(li)龍頭(tou)碑(bei)陰刻(ke)“恩寵(chong)”二(er)字(zi),乾隆41年追謚“忠貞”,贈禮部尚書,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)志是清嘉慶十二(er)年(1808年)敕授文(wen)林郎(lang)萊陽知縣延(yan)君壽敬題的(de),由左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)氏五世孫寅文(wen)立(li)石。
左(zuo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)祠建(jian)于康熙四十(shi)年(nian)(1701年(nian)),山東學政僉事徐(xu)炯主持,在(zai)萊(lai)(lai)陽(yang)(yang)修(xiu)建(jian)左(zuo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)祠,萊(lai)(lai)陽(yang)(yang)人踴躍(yue)捐款,贊襄其事。乾隆十(shi)五年(nian)(1750年(nian)),萊(lai)(lai)陽(yang)(yang)知(zhi)縣(xian)郝大倫重修(xiu)左(zuo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)祠。位于今天萊(lai)(lai)陽(yang)(yang)工人文(wen)化宮西(xi)(xi)側,七星街東側。祠堂整個院落占地約10畝。大門朝西(xi)(xi),有三(san)(san)間(jian)正殿,客房(fang)三(san)(san)間(jian),雜房(fang)三(san)(san)間(jian),裙房(fang)10余間(jian)。左(zuo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)祠在(zai)他做知(zhi)縣(xian)的山西(xi)(xi)韓城有一(yi)座,與萊(lai)(lai)陽(yang)(yang)祠相似。