左懋第(1601年(nian)-1645年(nian)),字仲及,號(hao)蘿石,山東萊(lai)陽(yang)人(ren)。大明赴清(qing)(qing)談(tan)和使者,后(hou)被清(qing)(qing)朝(chao)扣(kou)押,寧死不降(jiang),后(hou)人(ren)稱(cheng)“明末(mo)文(wen)天祥”。明朝(chao)末(mo)年(nian),國家(jia)內憂(you)外患,危機四伏,大廈將傾,萊(lai)陽(yang)進士左懋第卻登(deng)上了人(ren)生(sheng)最(zui)壯(zhuang)美的舞臺。他(ta)治理(li)韓城,政(zheng)績(ji)優異(yi),考選欽定第一,由知縣擢(zhuo)升朝(chao)中擔任(ren)要職(zhi),成(cheng)(cheng)為威宗皇帝信任(ren)的股肱之臣。崇禎甲(jia)申(1644),清(qing)(qing)兵入關,國難當頭,他(ta)挺身而出,與清(qing)(qing)朝(chao)攝政(zheng)王多爾袞唇槍舌(she)劍(jian),堅決維護大明尊嚴。面對酷刑和威逼利誘,他(ta)寧作大明鬼,不當清(qing)(qing)朝(chao)王,成(cheng)(cheng)為比肩(jian)文(wen)天祥的民(min)族英(ying)雄。
萊(lai)(lai)陽左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)氏(shi),一世(shi)祖左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原。明永樂間(jian)自章丘(qiu)遷徙(xi)至萊(lai)(lai)陽。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原生左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)盛,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)盛生左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)方(fang),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)生文升,文升生奎(kui)、英、彥。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)祖父左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)奎(kui),生之(zhi)龍、之(zhi)藩(fan)、之(zhi)禎。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)龍(1550-1623),字用化(hua),號云樓,萬歷己卯(1579)舉人,歷任河北(bei)房山、良鄉知(zhi)縣,陜西西華知(zhi)縣,延安府同知(zhi),灤州(zhou)知(zhi)州(zhou),署北(bei)平太守(shou),南(nan)京(jing)刑部廣東司員外郎、河南(nan)司郎中。誥授奉(feng)政大夫(fu)、敕(chi)封(feng)光祿大夫(fu)。繼(ji)配陳(chen)(chen)氏(shi),寧海指揮僉事陳(chen)(chen)治(zhi)安長女(nv),敕(chi)封(feng)夫(fu)人,生左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)、左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)龍墓(mu)地在萊(lai)(lai)陽市沐浴店(dian)鎮北(bei)旺村(cun)。
青年才俊少負大志(zhi)
萬歷四十三年(1615),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)與堂(tang)兄弟左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)泰(tai)、左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)芬、左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)桂、左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)良輔等人(ren)參加了著名(ming)的文(wen)社山(shan)(shan)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)大社(復社分支(zhi))。據《萊(lai)陽(yang)縣(xian)志》記載,山(shan)(shan)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)大社91名(ming)成(cheng)員,萊(lai)陽(yang)人(ren)占了十之(zhi)六七。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)經(jing)常參加交游(you)聚會,切磋(cuo)學問(wen),評說時局(ju),文(wen)名(ming)遠揚。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)的父親在(zai)萊(lai)陽(yang)城西郊建(jian)有(you)“西墅草堂(tang)”,草堂(tang)中(zhong)有(you)一(yi)處(chu)“浴月臺”,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)經(jing)常與兄弟和同學來(lai)(lai)此讀(du)書,詩文(wen)唱和。母親陳氏,是寧(ning)海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)(今牟平(ping))指(zhi)揮僉(qian)事陳治安之(zhi)女(nv),懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)經(jing)常往(wang)來(lai)(lai)于萊(lai)陽(yang)、寧(ning)海(hai)(hai)之(zhi)間。天(tian)啟二年(1622),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)游(you)昆崳山(shan)(shan)煙霞洞,聽聞(wen)寧(ning)海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)張(zhang)國俊將軍在(zai)平(ping)定白蓮教(jiao)之(zhi)亂中(zhong)戰死,年僅28歲,懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)十分惋惜,作(zuo)詩《挽張(zhang)將軍》:“孰若海(hai)(hai)上張(zhang)將軍,慷(kang)慨殺賊(zei)生(sheng)(sheng)絕?。……血漬寒沙(sha)英魂歸(gui),風悲(bei)鬼嘯(xiao)昏白晝。”天(tian)啟三年(1623),萊(lai)陽(yang)縣(xian)教(jiao)諭朱?在(zai)縣(xian)學里(li)選拔左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)、張(zhang)允(yun)掄等八位優秀學生(sheng)(sheng)加上自己,組成(cheng)“九龍社”,一(yi)起上課研(yan)討學問(wen),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)頗受(shou)器重,成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“九龍”中(zhong)的佼佼者。后(hou)人(ren)評價他(ta):“為(wei)(wei)諸生(sheng)(sheng),即負海(hai)(hai)內盛名(ming)。為(wei)(wei)文(wen)高古雄奧,不(bu)可一(yi)世。”贊譽他(ta):“學富五車二酉,文(wen)追東洛(luo)西京。”
左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)為(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)正直,胸懷大志,青少年(nian)(nian)時即關注國家(jia)命(ming)運。天啟六年(nian)(nian)(1626),權(quan)臣魏忠賢(xian)授意黨羽編編纂(zuan)《三朝會典(dian)》,借以(yi)誣陷(xian)打擊(ji)東林黨人(ren)(ren)(ren)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)讀后(hou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)勝(sheng)憤(fen)恨,認(ren)為(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)“變亂是(shi)非(fei),顛倒賢(xian)佞(ning)(ning)。”手(shou)(shou)指纂(zuan)修諸人(ren)(ren)(ren)姓名(ming),說:“此(ci)皆邪佞(ning)(ning)之人(ren)(ren)(ren)。”手(shou)(shou)擊(ji)紙碎。當他(ta)(ta)得知(zhi)翰林院(yuan)編修陳(chen)明(ming)(ming)卿先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)因得罪魏忠賢(xian)而被削職時,十分氣憤(fen),作文(wen)予以(yi)抨(peng)擊(ji),抒發心中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)。崇(chong)禎(zhen)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(1629),白蓮教(jiao)教(jiao)徒董(dong)(dong)大成聚眾五千人(ren)(ren)(ren)圍攻萊(lai)陽縣(xian)城(cheng)。萊(lai)陽承平(ping)已久,人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)識(shi)兵,形勢(shi)非(fei)常危(wei)急,縣(xian)衙只好組織城(cheng)里的(de)(de)紳士、市民自(zi)衛(wei)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)自(zi)告奮勇,登(deng)上(shang)城(cheng)墻,開炮擊(ji)賊,結果炮膛炸裂,自(zi)己(ji)(ji)差點被炸死。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)仍(reng)奮不(bu)(bu)(bu)顧身,簡(jian)單包扎后(hou),再次舉(ju)炮轟擊(ji)敵人(ren)(ren)(ren),并擊(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)敵人(ren)(ren)(ren)首領。董(dong)(dong)大成見取(qu)勝(sheng)無望,率眾遁去,后(hou)逃至蒙陰被殺(sha)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)的(de)(de)英勇事跡傳(chuan)遍膠東士林,這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)次戰斗也是(shi)他(ta)(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)一次重要經歷,對(dui)日后(hou)的(de)(de)仕(shi)途(tu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)涯產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了重要影響。崇(chong)禎(zhen)三年(nian)(nian)(1630),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)鄉試考中(zhong)(zhong)亞元(第(di)二(er)名(ming)),翌年(nian)(nian)聯捷(jie)成進士。大詩人(ren)(ren)(ren)吳偉業、張溥也高中(zhong)(zhong)進士。萊(lai)陽縣(xian)的(de)(de)姜?、沈迅(xun)則與左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)同榜(bang),三人(ren)(ren)(ren)志同道(dao)合(he),皆以(yi)志節留(liu)名(ming)史冊,成為(wei)著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)(de)“明(ming)(ming)末萊(lai)陽三君子”。其時左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)的(de)(de)叔(shu)父左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之武任登(deng)州衛(wei)鎮(zhen)撫,姐夫孫承祖任登(deng)州衛(wei)游擊(ji)將軍。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)與親(qin)友一起(qi)來(lai)到(dao)蓬萊(lai)游珠璣崖,見大魚(yu)長約(yue)數(shu)丈,出沒(mei)濤(tao)中(zhong)(zhong),乃乘興(xing)題詩石壁:“水撲青天濤(tao)卷雪,石峰片片皆奇絕。浮白狂歌長吉詩,元氣茫茫收不(bu)(bu)(bu)得。”崇(chong)禎(zhen)五年(nian)(nian)(1632)八(ba)月(yue),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)授陜西韓城(cheng)知(zhi)縣(xian)。韓城(cheng)地處(chu)黃河(he)之濱,歷來(lai)有“秦中(zhong)(zhong)最敝邑”之稱,由于連年(nian)(nian)災害,流(liu)寇四起(qi),民不(bu)(bu)(bu)聊生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)對(dui)初出茅廬的(de)(de)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)來(lai)說無疑是(shi)踏上(shang)仕(shi)途(tu)的(de)(de)第(di)一場嚴峻考驗。“郡縣(xian)治,天下(xia)安。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)熟讀史書和儒家(jia)經典(dian),深知(zhi)自(zi)己(ji)(ji)擔負的(de)(de)責任,面對(dui)艱難局面,沒(mei)有退縮(suo),決心有所作為(wei)。他(ta)(ta)在給恩師(shi)陳(chen)明(ming)(ming)卿的(de)(de)信(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)說:“聞(wen)命(ming)之初,恐愧戰栗,知(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)勝(sheng)任,嚴訓之下(xia),不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢重違(wei),勉為(wei)之。”十月(yue),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)與母親(qin)一起(qi)來(lai)到(dao)韓城(cheng),開始了十三年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)仕(shi)宦生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)涯。
1、韓城保衛戰
抗(kang)敵御寇,保障(zhang)一(yi)方(fang)(fang)平安(an),維(wei)護群眾(zhong)正(zheng)常的(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)生(sheng)產秩(zhi)序(xu)。崇(chong)(chong)禎(zhen)初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),農民(min)(min)起義風起云涌,土(tu)匪(fei)盜賊(zei)(zei)四(si)起,韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)尤其猖(chang)獗。崇(chong)(chong)禎(zhen)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1632)十(shi)月(yue),左(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)剛到(dao)韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),原任(ren)知縣外出(chu)未歸,尚未正(zheng)式交接公務,就遇上(shang)(shang)流(liu)(liu)寇侵(qin)擾,左(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)隨即下令各鄉收斂(lian)糧畜,堅壁(bi)清(qing)野,接著征兵、調餉、防河(he)、守(shou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),成功地(di)擊退(tui)了敵人。韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)北(bei)山(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)乃流(liu)(liu)賊(zei)(zei)舊巢(chao),殘(can)余(yu)五七百(bai)(bai)人盤(pan)踞山(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong),時(shi)常出(chu)山(shan)(shan)搶(qiang)掠(lve),農民(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)上(shang)(shang)山(shan)(shan)耕種土(tu)地(di),附近百(bai)(bai)姓也無法安(an)生(sheng)。左(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)憤然曰(yue):“無農,民(min)(min)胡以(yi)為命(ming)?寇不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)清(qing),民(min)(min)又(you)安(an)得而農耶?”于是,招(zhao)募十(shi)一(yi)路民(min)(min)兵,親(qin)自指(zhi)揮(hui)(hui),清(qing)剿山(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)流(liu)(liu)賊(zei)(zei)余(yu)孽,部分(fen)逃往山(shan)(shan)西(xi),相(xiang)戒以(yi)后“毋入(ru)(ru)韓(han)境”。對于抓獲的(de)(de)三四(si)十(shi)人,則(ze)令其回家種田。左(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)下車伊始,果斷出(chu)手,指(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)有方(fang)(fang),得到(dao)韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)士紳百(bai)(bai)姓的(de)(de)贊許。崇(chong)(chong)禎(zhen)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1633)十(shi)二月(yue),流(liu)(liu)寇千余(yu)人西(xi)渡黃河(he)侵(qin)襲(xi)韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。這一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夏無雨冬(dong)無雪,遭遇嚴重干旱(han)。左(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)邊組(zu)織抗(kang)旱(han)救(jiu)災,一(yi)邊戎裝上(shang)(shang)陣,親(qin)自督兵進(jin)山(shan)(shan)五十(shi)里追剿,指(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)士兵于河(he)上(shang)(shang)作戰,取得勝(sheng)利。崇(chong)(chong)禎(zhen)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1634)二、三月(yue),流(liu)(liu)寇再入(ru)(ru)韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。干旱(han)導致莊稼絕收,韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)發(fa)生(sheng)饑(ji)荒。左(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)想方(fang)(fang)設(she)法賑濟災民(min)(min)的(de)(de)同時(shi),組(zu)織協調軍隊(dui)御敵,敵退(tui),乘勝(sheng)追擊120里而還。崇(chong)(chong)禎(zhen)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1635),農民(min)(min)起義愈演愈烈(lie),七月(yue)、十(shi)一(yi)月(yue)兩次侵(qin)擾韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)全線(xian)告急。特別是十(shi)一(yi)月(yue)至次年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)正(zheng)月(yue)的(de)(de)40多天里,民(min)(min)軍、流(liu)(liu)寇數萬人圍困(kun)縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),日夜吶喊攻(gong)殺,戰斗十(shi)分(fen)激烈(lie),形勢(shi)岌岌可(ke)危。左(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)每日與守(shou)軍將領研究戰斗方(fang)(fang)案,“以(yi)火(huo)器擊之,以(yi)步(bu)兵接戰,于城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外筑攔馬墻,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內筑敵臺,伏義兵,設(she)火(huo)炮,賊(zei)(zei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)攻(gong),意(yi)在(zai)坐困(kun)。”左(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)會商士紳相(xiang)約(yue)分(fen)守(shou)四(si)門,親(qin)自巡查城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)防,調度部署。西(xi)門最為緊要,左(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)夜宿其上(shang)(shang),意(yi)氣風發(fa),閱讀兵書,指(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)若定。戰斗閑(xian)暇“從容賦詩不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)少休,見者以(yi)為神人。”最后“賊(zei)(zei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)入(ru)(ru),前(qian)后共攻(gong)四(si)十(shi)余(yu)日方(fang)(fang)引去(qu)。”左(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)知人善任(ren),身先士卒,枕戈待旦40余(yu)日,贏(ying)得了韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保衛(wei)戰的(de)(de)勝(sheng)利。
2、韓城為官(guan),愛民恤民
左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)雖(sui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)介書(shu)(shu)生(sheng)(sheng),但(dan)對用(yong)兵之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)卻有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)番(fan)獨到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)見解。崇禎(zhen)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1631)冬,膠(jiao)東發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)登(deng)萊事變,明(ming)(ming)將(jiang)孔有(you)(you)(you)(you)德等攻陷登(deng)州,登(deng)州衛(wei)總兵張扶輿(yu)自殺(sha)殉(xun)難(nan)(nan)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)得(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)好(hao)友殉(xun)難(nan)(nan),哀傷之(zhi)(zhi)余,為(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)《陣圖(tu)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)(shu)作(zuo)序,說(shuo)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao):“余書(shu)(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)兵,然竊見其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)條(tiao)理(li)錯(cuo)綜,可(ke)教(jiao)民(min)(min)(min)猛果(guo)克戰斗。民(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)猛果(guo)生(sheng)(sheng),于將(jiang)可(ke)恃(shi),而將(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)自恃(shi),惟用(yong)兵有(you)(you)(you)(you)法(fa)(fa)。”明(ming)(ming)末清初學(xue)者(zhe)屈(qu)大(da)均則(ze)評價左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di):“初知(zhi)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian),流(liu)寇(kou)三薄韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng),再躪其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)境,懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)率士民(min)(min)(min)而戰,身當鋒,輒大(da)破走之(zhi)(zhi)。關中保障,推懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)憑借忠勇謀略(lve),力(li)(li)保一(yi)(yi)(yi)方平(ping)安,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅地(di)(di)(di)(di)方紳(shen)民(min)(min)(min)稱贊,省府政要(yao)、封(feng)疆大(da)吏也對他(ta)刮(gua)目相(xiang)看。全(quan)力(li)(li)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai),拯救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)饑(ji)民(min)(min)(min),化解社會(hui)(hui)危機(ji)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)初到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng),忙于剿匪御寇(kou),幾(ji)乎無(wu)(wu)(wu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)寧日(ri)。同(tong)時(shi),嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)荒也給(gei)(gei)這位(wei)初來乍到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)青(qing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)縣(xian)令嚴(yan)峻考(kao)(kao)驗。崇禎(zhen)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1632)“冬無(wu)(wu)(wu)雪(xue),春田(tian)遲,遂無(wu)(wu)(wu)麥。夏又雨(yu)少(shao),秋霜早,殺(sha)谷(gu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)禾。”六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1633),“冬又無(wu)(wu)(wu)雪(xue),麥子不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)入地(di)(di)(di)(di)”,七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1634),“春又不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu),地(di)(di)(di)(di)皆焦土(tu)(tu)(tu)。”連續三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)旱災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)使全(quan)縣(xian)陷入饑(ji)荒,許多(duo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)被餓死。百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)從(cong)(cong)吃(chi)草根刮(gua)樹皮(pi),發(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)賣(mai)(mai)妻鬻子,刮(gua)死人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)肉而食。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)這位(wei)善良(liang)正直(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)封(feng)建縣(xian)令目睹(du)慘狀,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)禁潸然淚下。他(ta)一(yi)(yi)(yi)邊(bian)把(ba)觸目驚心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)情(qing)向(xiang)上(shang)級(ji)如實(shi)(shi)(shi)報告,請求賑(zhen)(zhen)濟(ji)(ji),一(yi)(yi)(yi)邊(bian)想方設(she)法(fa)(fa)、竭盡(jin)全(quan)力(li)(li)在全(quan)縣(xian)范圍(wei)(wei)內(nei)(nei)組織救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)。崇禎(zhen)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1633)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)倡導(dao)“捐俸勸(quan)賑(zhen)(zhen)法(fa)(fa)”,帶(dai)頭捐俸銀50兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),發(fa)動官(guan)紳(shen)和(he)(he)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)富有(you)(you)(you)(you)而好(hao)義者(zhe)捐銀賑(zhen)(zhen)濟(ji)(ji)饑(ji)民(min)(min)(min),共(gong)得(de)(de)(de)銀250兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)親(qin)自下鄉排(pai)查,查出(chu)(chu)餓得(de)(de)(de)奄(yan)奄(yan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)息(xi)者(zhe)3529人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)助對象(xiang),全(quan)縣(xian)分(fen)(fen)八個救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)濟(ji)(ji)點進行(xing)(xing)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)助。崇禎(zhen)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1634)春,災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)情(qing)加重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),饑(ji)民(min)(min)(min)越(yue)來越(yue)多(duo)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)“各(ge)(ge)里(li)(li)(li)賑(zhen)(zhen)各(ge)(ge)里(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)”,饑(ji)民(min)(min)(min)由(you)各(ge)(ge)里(li)(li)(li)鄉紳(shen)和(he)(he)有(you)(you)(you)(you)威(wei)望的(de)(de)(de)耆(qi)老(lao)核(he)定,查出(chu)(chu)急需救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)濟(ji)(ji)者(zhe)5200人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),由(you)各(ge)(ge)里(li)(li)(li)耆(qi)老(lao)主持救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)濟(ji)(ji)。又查得(de)(de)(de)里(li)(li)(li)甲不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)收(shou)和(he)(he)流(liu)浪街頭者(zhe)311人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),在城(cheng)(cheng)北門(men)外設(she)粥廠賑(zhen)(zhen)濟(ji)(ji)。同(tong)時(shi),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)把(ba)全(quan)縣(xian)饑(ji)民(min)(min)(min)按(an)(an)照(zhao)“極貧、次(ci)貧、又次(ci)貧”分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)三類(lei),共(gong)計14000多(duo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),造冊(ce)上(shang)報,得(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)朝廷賑(zhen)(zhen)銀1437兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區別災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)民(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)情(qing)況發(fa)放(fang)賑(zhen)(zhen)銀,還(huan)對貧困(kun)的(de)(de)(de)讀書(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)給(gei)(gei)予特別照(zhao)顧,極貧生(sheng)(sheng)18名(ming)(ming),每人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)給(gei)(gei)銀二(er)錢(qian)(qian),次(ci)貧生(sheng)(sheng)29名(ming)(ming),每人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)給(gei)(gei)銀一(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)五(wu)分(fen)(fen),盡(jin)力(li)(li)使學(xue)子們不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)因(yin)貧困(kun)輟學(xue)。韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)缺(que)糧(liang),百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)米而炊,為(wei)(wei)(wei)防止(zhi)市場糧(liang)價暴漲,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)自己(ji)捐俸買(mai)粟100石,又發(fa)動其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)官(guan)紳(shen)捐粟2000石,設(she)置“常平(ping)倉”,在全(quan)縣(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)“平(ping)準法(fa)(fa)”,平(ping)抑(yi)糧(liang)價,規定“私糶者(zhe)禁,必至于市。”使災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)民(min)(min)(min)拿(na)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)賑(zhen)(zhen)銀后(hou)(hou)能夠(gou)買(mai)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)糧(liang)食。由(you)于左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)賑(zhen)(zhen)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)得(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa),措施可(ke)行(xing)(xing),全(quan)活(huo)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),大(da)大(da)減少(shao)了(le)(le)(le)死亡和(he)(he)流(liu)亡人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)十(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)感念他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)德。愛民(min)(min)(min)恤(xu)民(min)(min)(min),為(wei)(wei)(wei)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)減免賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui),減輕(qing)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)負擔。韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)連年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害,饑(ji)荒嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),但(dan)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)卻仍然負擔沉重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下決心(xin)(xin)改(gai)變現(xian)(xian)狀,給(gei)(gei)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)活(huo)路(lu)。韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)“戶口不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)啻以十(shi)(shi)(shi)余萬(wan)(wan)計,而富者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過十(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)二(er)、三,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)余皆饑(ji)民(min)(min)(min)矣。”而且“賊殘(can)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),民(min)(min)(min)散其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)半(ban),地(di)(di)(di)(di)荒其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)七。”饑(ji)民(min)(min)(min)連飯(fan)都吃(chi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)上(shang),拿(na)什么交稅(shui)(shui)?因(yin)此全(quan)縣(xian)賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui)拖欠(qian)(qian)嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),“(崇禎(zhen))四(si)、五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)拖欠(qian)(qian)至五(wu)千兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),而六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)未(wei)完(wan),將(jiang)浮于一(yi)(yi)(yi)萬(wan)(wan)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)毅(yi)然多(duo)次(ci)上(shang)書(shu)(shu),請求將(jiang)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)拖欠(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui)全(quan)部蠲免,并暫緩征收(shou)新稅(shui)(shui),給(gei)(gei)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)休(xiu)養生(sheng)(sheng)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會(hui)(hui)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)國家征收(shou)賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui)本是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個封(feng)建縣(xian)令最(zui)基本的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)責(ze),考(kao)(kao)核(he)升(sheng)遷全(quan)賴于此。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)卻不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍心(xin)(xin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)名(ming)(ming)利(li)祿而向(xiang)“無(wu)(wu)(wu)居、無(wu)(wu)(wu)衣(yi)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)食之(zhi)(zhi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)皮(pi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)肉之(zhi)(zhi)赤子”征收(shou)賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui),他(ta)說(shuo):“功(gong)令既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)寬我,我也甘之(zhi)(zhi)。”又說(shuo):“畏功(gong)令而迫于催科,既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能完(wan)賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui),而又有(you)(you)(you)(you)以傷國家之(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)氣(qi),卑職(zhi)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢出(chu)(chu)也。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)認為(wei)(wei)(wei):“民(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng),吏難(nan)(nan)盡(jin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)職(zhi)。”作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)封(feng)建官(guan)吏能夠(gou)把(ba)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)疾苦放(fang)在第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)位(wei),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧個人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)前(qian)途安危,實(shi)(shi)(shi)屬難(nan)(nan)得(de)(de)(de)。除了(le)(le)(le)連年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)荒,韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)貧困(kun)拖欠(qian)(qian)賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui)還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)原因(yin)就是(shi)(shi)空(kong)賠錢(qian)(qian)糧(liang)。韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)自嘉靖四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1561年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))丈(zhang)(zhang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)均糧(liang)以后(hou)(hou),按(an)(an)照(zhao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)畝數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)繳納錢(qian)(qian)糧(liang)。韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)處黃(huang)河(he)(he)岸(an)邊(bian),大(da)量(liang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)被沖毀崩塌(ta),農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)失去了(le)(le)(le)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di),70多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來卻一(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)要(yao)按(an)(an)照(zhao)嘉靖四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)確定的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)畝數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)交納賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui),每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)空(kong)賠銀糧(liang)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)千余石,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)復(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)難(nan)(nan)以為(wei)(wei)(wei)繼,“死者(zhe)半(ban)、逃者(zhe)半(ban)”。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下鄉巡視,看到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)近岸(an)村(cun)莊因(yin)“賠糧(liang)賣(mai)(mai)屋,屋盡(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)逃與(yu)死也。沿河(he)(he)居民(min)(min)(min),老(lao)幼萬(wan)(wan)余人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)……皆身無(wu)(wu)(wu)完(wan)衣(yi)。”面對慘狀,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)心(xin)(xin)急如焚(fen)。崇禎(zhen)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1635)十(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)與(yu)縣(xian)內(nei)(nei)士紳(shen)反復(fu)磋商(shang),毅(yi)然決定在全(quan)縣(xian)范圍(wei)(wei)內(nei)(nei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)新丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di),平(ping)均田(tian)賦(fu),徹(che)底改(gai)變韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)空(kong)賠錢(qian)(qian)糧(liang)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)狀,為(wei)(wei)(wei)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)“除百(bai)(bai)(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)害,興百(bai)(bai)(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)利(li)。”這是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)項極其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)復(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo),涉及到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)各(ge)(ge)個階層的(de)(de)(de)利(li)益,阻力(li)(li)很大(da),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)做了(le)(le)(le)精心(xin)(xin)細致的(de)(de)(de)安排(pai)。他(ta)頒(ban)布了(le)(le)(le)《均地(di)(di)(di)(di)法(fa)(fa)則(ze)示》,設(she)計了(le)(le)(le)程序嚴(yan)密的(de)(de)(de)“三番(fan)清丈(zhang)(zhang)法(fa)(fa)”:各(ge)(ge)里(li)(li)(li)自己(ji)清丈(zhang)(zhang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)畝數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),造《魚鱗冊(ce)》上(shang)報縣(xian)里(li)(li)(li)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)再率人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)逐里(li)(li)(li)抽丈(zhang)(zhang),最(zui)后(hou)(hou)全(quan)縣(xian)28里(li)(li)(li)互相(xiang)復(fu)丈(zhang)(zhang)。三番(fan)清丈(zhang)(zhang)后(hou)(hou),允許彼此舉(ju)報,如有(you)(you)(you)(you)揭發(fa)舉(ju)報,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)則(ze)親(qin)自帶(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)前(qian)往(wang)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)。對于故意(yi)“隱(yin)漏”、“受賄”及“強梁(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)公”者(zhe),“依律定罪,決不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)食言”。為(wei)(wei)(wei)防止(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)行(xing)(xing)賄,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)命所有(you)(you)(you)(you)工作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員“各(ge)(ge)帶(dai)口糧(liang),遇村(cun)鎮隨便買(mai)食,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)許地(di)(di)(di)(di)方搭棚結(jie)彩,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)準備飯(fan)獻茶(cha)。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)避勞(lao)怨,專(zhuan)精力(li)(li)行(xing)(xing),從(cong)(cong)而準確地(di)(di)(di)(di)掌握了(le)(le)(le)全(quan)縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang),做到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)“有(you)(you)(you)(you)田(tian)則(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)糧(liang),無(wu)(wu)(wu)田(tian)則(ze)無(wu)(wu)(wu)糧(liang)。”韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)空(kong)賠錢(qian)(qian)糧(liang)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)弊端終(zhong)于革除了(le)(le)(le),廣(guang)大(da)農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)奔走相(xiang)告,拍手稱快。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)指導(dao)編寫的(de)(de)(de)《魚鱗冊(ce)》,用(yong)來管理(li)河(he)(he)岸(an)灘地(di)(di)(di)(di),解決了(le)(le)(le)河(he)(he)水淹沒土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)無(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)可(ke)耕種(zhong)和(he)(he)河(he)(he)水退后(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)耕種(zhong)仍要(yao)納稅(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)難(nan)(nan)題,此舉(ju)深得(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)認可(ke),后(hou)(hou)世沿用(yong)至今(jin)。
崇(chong)尚(shang)節儉(jian)(jian),割除陋習,嚴(yan)(yan)禁奢(she)(she)靡之(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)(feng)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)在韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)期間,十分注重訪聽民(min)間疾苦(ku)和風(feng)(feng)土人(ren)(ren)情(qing)。他(ta)“深山窮(qiong)谷,足跡殆遍。”發現韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)習俗有崇(chong)尚(shang)奢(she)(she)侈之(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)(feng),“相沿不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)止(zhi),勢且(qie)繁多(duo)。”特別是婚喪(sang)(sang)嫁(jia)娶方面禮(li)(li)數繁瑣,奢(she)(she)侈浪(lang)費,一(yi)(yi)般(ban)百姓(xing)負(fu)擔不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)起。男女(nv)婚姻(yin),女(nv)方專(zhuan)索厚聘,男方強索妝(zhuang)奩,“以至富者貧(pin),而貧(pin)者不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能嫁(jia)女(nv)。生(sheng)(sheng)女(nv)則愁異(yi)日之(zhi)(zhi)費,有棄之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)育(yu)者。”為(wei)(wei)死者發喪(sang)(sang),則流(liu)行(xing)(xing)大(da)擺(bai)酒(jiu)席、設臺唱戲,妄費甚(shen)多(duo),以至于“父(fu)母病時(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)自憂其(qi)(qi)病,而憂其(qi)(qi)子之(zhi)(zhi)無所(suo)費。人(ren)(ren)子遇喪(sang)(sang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)味(wei)哀痛(tong),反(fan)留心檢點(dian)諸費,久而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)葬(zang)其(qi)(qi)親(qin)。”老百姓(xing)結不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)起婚、埋不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)起死者,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)感嘆:“奢(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)害,一(yi)(yi)至于此!”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)認為(wei)(wei),韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)災害頻(pin)發,盜匪(fei)猖獗,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)盡是“天數使然”,百姓(xing)奢(she)(she)僭之(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)(feng),也“皆(jie)足致異(yi)”。為(wei)(wei)嚴(yan)(yan)禁奢(she)(she)靡,以挽(wan)風(feng)(feng)俗,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)與地士紳(shen)(shen)共同(tong)努力,韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)民(min)風(feng)(feng)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)變。崇(chong)禎九年(nian)(1636)七月,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)發布了(le)著名的(de)《崇(chong)儉(jian)(jian)書(shu)》告示(shi),提(ti)出(chu)“以儉(jian)(jian)樸為(wei)(wei)風(feng)(feng)化之(zhi)(zhi)首”,明令(ling)限制(zhi)和禁止(zhi)婚喪(sang)(sang)嫁(jia)娶中(zhong)的(de)種種奢(she)(she)糜風(feng)(feng)俗。他(ta)根據官宦(huan)、士庶各(ge)個(ge)(ge)階層不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)經濟(ji)條件,對(dui)婚喪(sang)(sang)嫁(jia)娶的(de)每(mei)個(ge)(ge)環節、每(mei)個(ge)(ge)細節都作(zuo)(zuo)了(le)質和量的(de)具(ju)體規(gui)定(ding),婚禮(li)(li)、喪(sang)(sang)禮(li)(li)形成定(ding)式。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)規(gui)定(ding),婚禮(li)(li)中(zhong)禁止(zhi)沿街擺(bai)列妝(zhuang)奩,以示(shi)夸耀(yao);喪(sang)(sang)禮(li)(li)中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)許擺(bai)酒(jiu)設宴、搭臺作(zuo)(zuo)戲。除此之(zhi)(zhi)外,還對(dui)日常生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)方面諸如居處(chu)、穿衣、戴帽(mao)、宴會、禮(li)(li)尚(shang)往(wang)來等作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)量化從(cong)儉(jian)(jian)的(de)細致規(gui)定(ding)。為(wei)(wei)使各(ge)項規(gui)定(ding)符合習俗又切(qie)實(shi)可(ke)行(xing)(xing),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)征求(qiu)各(ge)階層的(de)意(yi)見,用(yong)了(le)三(san)個(ge)(ge)月時(shi)(shi)間才得以定(ding)稿,公示(shi)于眾,要求(qiu)縉紳(shen)(shen)士民(min)“各(ge)守其(qi)(qi)應得之(zhi)(zhi)分”,如有違犯,“許鄉(xiang)約鄰佑(you)地方舉報”。因為(wei)(wei)這些措施事先征求(qiu)了(le)各(ge)個(ge)(ge)階層的(de)意(yi)見,先在鄉(xiang)紳(shen)(shen)中(zhong)試行(xing)(xing)三(san)個(ge)(ge)月,之(zhi)(zhi)后順(shun)利(li)地在全(quan)縣推開。大(da)戶人(ren)(ren)家(jia)婚喪(sang)(sang)嫁(jia)娶時(shi)(shi)率(lv)先遵守《崇(chong)儉(jian)(jian)書(shu)》的(de)規(gui)定(ding),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)百姓(xing)紛紛效仿,社會風(feng)(feng)氣為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)變。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)百姓(xing)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)了(le)影響后世幾百年(nian)的(de)方向性(xing)設計,大(da)大(da)減輕了(le)人(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)負(fu)擔,受(shou)到(dao)廣大(da)百姓(xing)特別是貧(pin)苦(ku)農民(min)的(de)歡迎。三(san)百多(duo)年(nian)過去了(le),《崇(chong)儉(jian)(jian)書(shu)》歷久彌新,韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)百姓(xing)至今(jin)仍然遵守著左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)立下的(de)很多(duo)規(gui)矩,早已成為(wei)(wei)傳統文化的(de)一(yi)(yi)部(bu)分。
左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)還(huan)十(shi)分注重(zhong)(zhong)發展(zhan)文化教育事(shi)業,弘揚(yang)(yang)社(she)(she)(she)會正氣。韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)六(liu)年(nian)(nian),盡管兵(bing)荒馬(ma)(ma)亂,多災多難(nan),但(dan)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)仍做出了(le)(le)(le)令人(ren)(ren)稱道的(de)(de)(de)成績。崇(chong)(chong)禎七年(nian)(nian)(1634),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)充任陜(shan)西鄉(xiang)(xiang)試考官(guan),錄取了(le)(le)(le)11人(ren)(ren),韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)僅(jin)(jin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)1人(ren)(ren)考上。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)受到很大觸動,內心(xin)(xin)深(shen)(shen)感不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安,認為自(zi)己(ji)負有(you)(you)(you)(you)責任。回(hui)到韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)在(zai)全(quan)(quan)縣選拔優秀生(sheng)員,成立“尊(zun)經(jing)社(she)(she)(she)”,每月兩(liang)次親(qin)自(zi)到明倫(lun)堂講解(jie)經(jing)書(shu),學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)常常“執經(jing)問難(nan)于前,竟日乃已。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)努力取得(de)了(le)(le)(le)實效。三(san)年(nian)(nian)后,陜(shan)西鄉(xiang)(xiang)試中(zhong)(zhong)韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)8人(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)舉,全(quan)(quan)部(bu)是(shi)“尊(zun)經(jing)社(she)(she)(she)”的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)。《韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)縣志》載:“韓(han)人(ren)(ren)知通經(jing)學(xue)(xue)古自(zi)公(gong)始(shi)。丙子(zi)登(deng)科者八人(ren)(ren),皆社(she)(she)(she)中(zhong)(zhong)士,其余澤也(ye)。”“由(you)是(shi)捷書(shu)蟬聯,至今為國家楨者,先(xian)生(sheng)開(kai)之(zhi)也(ye)。”韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)崇(chong)(chong)文重(zhong)(zhong)教之(zhi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)興(xing)起(qi),人(ren)(ren)才(cai)輩出,有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)成為棟(dong)梁(liang)之(zhi)才(cai)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅(jin)(jin)開(kai)重(zhong)(zhong)教之(zhi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),還(huan)十(shi)分注重(zhong)(zhong)宣揚(yang)(yang)社(she)(she)(she)會正氣。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)“東海孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)子(zi)”之(zhi)名(ming),曾為父親(qin)守孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)三(san)年(nian)(nian),因父親(qin)葬在(zai)蘿石(shi)山(shan)上,遂自(zi)號蘿石(shi),終身不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忘父親(qin)養育之(zhi)恩。在(zai)韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅(jin)(jin)自(zi)己(ji)侍奉(feng)母親(qin)起(qi)居(ju)(ju)盡心(xin)(xin)盡力,無(wu)微不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)至,還(huan)重(zhong)(zhong)刻《孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)經(jing)》一書(shu),號召(zhao)百(bai)(bai)姓講究孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)道,懂得(de)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)親(qin)大義。有(you)(you)(you)(you)一縣民因犯事(shi)被押到縣衙(ya),懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)聽說(shuo)他家里尚有(you)(you)(you)(you)老母需要(yao)侍候,即放回(hui)。久(jiu)之(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)免有(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)作假。懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)說(shuo):我并(bing)非不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知道,但(dan)是(shi)從長(chang)遠來看(kan),孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)親(qin)之(zhi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)興(xing)起(qi),所(suo)(suo)得(de)必多啊。韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)程(cheng)氏(shi)妻燕氏(shi),面(mian)對盜賊(zei)的(de)(de)(de)利刃毫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)畏懼,以身護住(zhu)婆母,“賊(zei)感其孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao),舍之(zhi)而去。”懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)得(de)知,立即上奏朝廷,請求旌表。韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)芝川為宋(song)代(dai)太師(shi)張升故里,張升為官(guan)耿直(zhi),懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)作詩贊(zan)揚(yang)(yang)他:“吾想君子(zi)直(zhi),亭亭山(shan)上松(song)。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)整修司(si)馬(ma)(ma)遷(qian)墓,撰寫《祭司(si)馬(ma)(ma)子(zi)長(chang)文》,贊(zan)其豐功偉(wei)績。又修繕蘇(su)武墓,撰寫《新漢典屬國蘇(su)子(zi)卿(qing)墓垣記(ji)》,對蘇(su)武的(de)(de)(de)節操給予了(le)(le)(le)極高評價(jia)。修建白(bai)公(gong)祠,歌頌白(bai)居(ju)(ju)易關心(xin)(xin)民生(sheng)疾苦的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)懷。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)這些做法,向社(she)(she)(she)會傳達了(le)(le)(le)純正良好的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)氣。尤其是(shi)蘇(su)武的(de)(de)(de)精神(shen),對左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)本(ben)人(ren)(ren)影響(xiang)很深(shen)(shen),為他出使清廷不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)屈(qu)殉國埋(mai)下(xia)了(le)(le)(le)伏(fu)筆。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)治理韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)六(liu)年(nian)(nian),時間(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)長(chang),但(dan)政(zheng)績斐然,展(zhan)示了(le)(le)(le)出色的(de)(de)(de)理政(zheng)才(cai)能。他深(shen)(shen)知職責所(suo)(suo)在(zai),心(xin)(xin)系百(bai)(bai)姓,體察民情(qing),換來了(le)(le)(le)韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)民的(de)(de)(de)普遍(bian)擁戴(dai),人(ren)(ren)們把(ba)他與司(si)馬(ma)(ma)遷(qian)、蘇(su)武、郭子(zi)儀、白(bai)居(ju)(ju)易并(bing)稱為“禹門五(wu)賢”。韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歷史上先(xian)后建有(you)(you)(you)(you)十(shi)座(zuo)杰出名(ming)人(ren)(ren)祠,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)了(le)(le)(le)兩(liang)座(zuo),一處左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)公(gong)祠,一處蘿石(shi)祠;韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)名(ming)宦祠里供奉(feng)十(shi)位(wei)(wei)先(xian)賢,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)又是(shi)其中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)一,可見左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)在(zai)韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)心(xin)(xin)目中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)崇(chong)(chong)高地位(wei)(wei)。
3、其他記載
崇禎三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1630年(nian)(nian)(nian)),左懋(mao)第(di)鄉(xiang)試中(zhong)山(shan)東第(di)二名舉人,次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)中(zhong)進士。懋(mao)第(di)任(ren)陜西韓城令,崇禎十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1639年(nian)(nian)(nian))官戶科(ke)給事中(zhong),上書(shu)提出(chu)時局有四弊(bi):民(min)窮、兵弱、臣(chen)(chen)工推諉、國計虛耗。升(sheng)太常寺正卿(qing),右僉都御(yu)史(shi)。十四年(nian)(nian)(nian),督催(cui)漕(cao)運,道中(zhong)馳疏言(yan):“臣(chen)(chen)自靜海抵臨清,見人民(min)饑死(si)者(zhe)三,疫(yi)死(si)者(zhe)三,為(wei)盜者(zhe)四。米石(shi)銀二十四兩,人死(si)取以食。惟圣明(ming)垂念。”崇禎十六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1643年(nian)(nian)(nian))秋,出(chu)巡長(chang)江防務,不久北(bei)都淪陷,其母陳氏絕食而(er)死(si)。
清兵入(ru)關,左(zuo)懋第被任為兵部(bu)右侍郎兼右僉都御(yu)史(shi),以陳洪范、馬紹愉為副使(shi),前(qian)往(wang)北(bei)京(jing),通好議和。
左懋第開始時反對議和(he)(he),極力主戰(zhan)(zhan),并請(qing)求撥給他人馬,以(yi)(yi)(yi)收(shou)復(fu)失地,恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)大(da)明(ming)江(jiang)山.但(dan)未獲批準。繼(ji)而(er)(er)他又拒絕出使(shi)議和(he)(he),請(qing)求安(an)宗皇(huang)帝(di)改(gai)派(pai)他人出使(shi),也未被接受。左懋第深織赴京議和(he)(he),如(ru)同與(yu)虎謀(mou)皮,希望(wang)渺茫,但(dan)君(jun)命難違(wei),只能(neng)照辦(ban)。臨行前,他力勸安(an)宗皇(huang)帝(di)“時時以(yi)(yi)(yi)先帝(di)之仇(chou)、北(bei)(bei)都之恥(chi)(chi)為念(nian)”, “勿以(yi)(yi)(yi)北(bei)(bei)行為和(he)(he)議必成(cheng),勿以(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)成(cheng)為足恃”。提醒南明(ming)王朝不要期望(wang)和(he)(he)議一(yi)定(ding)能(neng)成(cheng)功,即使(shi)議和(he)(he)成(cheng)功,也不一(yi)定(ding)是可以(yi)(yi)(yi)信(xin)賴的(de),主張以(yi)(yi)(yi)武力保平安(an)。“夫能(neng)渡河(he)(he)而(er)(er)戰(zhan)(zhan),始能(neng)扼(e)河(he)(he)而(er)(er)守,必能(neng)扼(e)河(he)(he)面守,始能(neng)畫江(jiang)而(er)(er)安(an).’強調以(yi)(yi)(yi)天下為重,以(yi)(yi)(yi)恥(chi)(chi)仇(chou)為念(nian),以(yi)(yi)(yi)淪陷之民為憂,要整軍傷兵,以(yi)(yi)(yi)田恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)大(da)業。
左懋第對北行議(yi)和的(de)危險也(ye)深(shen)有預(yu)料。他(ta)在一封信中說,
“懋第此行(xing),是(shi)懋第死日也(ye)。”立志要(yao)“效宋之文(wen)天樣(yang)”,“留(liu)正氣于千古。”
崇禎十七年十月(yue)初,揩二副使及隨(sui)從百余人至北京(jing)張(zhang)家(jia)灣,住進(jin)鴻臚寺(si)。懋(mao)第在鴻臚寺(si)陳設太(tai)牢,率隨(sui)員北面哭(ku)祭三日。十月(yue)二十七日多(duo)爾(er)袞釋(shi)放(fang)左懋(mao)第南歸。左等走出(chu)永定門,馮詮勸(quan)多(duo)爾(er)袞不(bu)要“放(fang)虎歸山(shan)”,十一(yi)月(yue)十四日多(duo)爾(er)袞遣(qian)百騎在滄州(zhou)追回,被扣留在北京(jing)太(tai)醫院,墻上(shang)遍布荊棘,自(zi)言:“生(sheng)為明(ming)(ming)臣,死為明(ming)(ming)鬼,我志(zhi)也。”為了擊退清王(wang)朝的(de)利誘勸(quan)降(jiang),他寫了“生(sheng)為大明(ming)(ming)忠(zhong)臣,死為大明(ming)(ming)忠(zhong)鬼”的(de)對聯貼在門上(shang)。一(yi)則明(ming)(ming)志(zhi),一(yi)則堵(du)勸(quan)降(jiang)說客之口。他還畫了一(yi)幅蘇武牧羊畫像,掛在墻上(shang)以(yi)自(zi)勵。
弘光元(yuan)年閏六月十五(wu)日頒布剃發(fa)令,隨(sui)員艾(ai)大(da)選遵旨薙發(fa),懋(mao)(mao)第(di)將其(qi)亂棍打死(si)(si),清(qing)廷(ting)前來(lai)責問,懋(mao)(mao)第(di)曰:“吾自行我(wo)法(fa),殺我(wo)人,與若(ruo)何(he)(he)預?”清(qing)廷(ting)設“太平(ping)宴”宴請,懋(mao)(mao)第(di)拒食。又(you)遣洪承(cheng)疇前來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)降(jiang),左(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)說(shuo)(shuo):“此鬼也。洪督師在松(song)山(shan)死(si)(si)節,先(xian)帝(di)賜祭九壇,今日安得更生?”洪承(cheng)疇慚愧而退(tui)。李建泰又(you)來(lai)勸降(jiang),左(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)怒(nu)(nu)斥說(shuo)(shuo):“老奴尚在?先(xian)帝(di)寵餞,勒(le)兵剿賊(zei),既(ji)不殉(xun)國,又(you)失身焉,何(he)(he)面目見我(wo)?”左(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)又(you)責問勸降(jiang)的堂兄弟左(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)泰:“此非(fei)吾弟也?”隨(sui)之將其(qi)叱(chi)離。多(duo)爾袞大(da)怒(nu)(nu),親自提審懋(mao)(mao)第(di),懋(mao)(mao)第(di)直立不跪。當問道:“你為何(he)(he)不肯剃頭(tou)?”左(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)回答:“頭(tou)可(ke)斷,發(fa)不可(ke)斷!”金之俊勸他:“先(xian)生何(he)(he)不知(zhi)興廢!”左(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)針(zhen)鋒相對答道:“汝何(he)(he)不知(zhi)羞恥!”多(duo)爾袞知(zhi)其(qi)不可(ke)降(jiang),閏六月十九日,命左(zuo)右推出宣武門外菜市口處死(si)(si)。
臨刑時,左懋第南向再拜說(shuo):“臣(chen)等事大(da)明之心盡(jin)矣。”有絕(jue)命詩:“峽(xia)坼巢封(feng)歸路迥,片云南下意(yi)如何(he);丹忱碧血消難(nan)盡(jin),蕩作寒煙總(zong)不磨。”隨員陳用極、王(wang)一斌、張(zhang)良佐、王(wang)廷佐、劉統等人(ren)皆不屈而死。
左懋第著(zhu)有(you)《梅(mei)花屋詩抄》一(yi)卷(juan),《蘿石(shi)山房文抄》四卷(juan),《左忠貞(zhen)公剩稿(gao)》四卷(juan)。
《姜烈士正芳傳》作者:左(zuo) 懋 第
姜正(zheng)芳(fang),邑(yi)人(ren),居(ju)邑(yi)西(xi)北五里許〔指今(jin)柏(bo)林(lin)莊鎮(zhen)小埠頂(ding)村〕。少(shao)有力,能弓矢及(ji)劍。值(zhi)海上備倭,應登(deng)州壯士募,欲殺(sha)賊(zei)(zei)立功(gong)名。后事(shi)(shi)已,罷(ba)歸農。軀(qu)長健勇而樸(pu)誠,好(hao)解斗。有兄弟十(shi)年訟者,合之(zhi)無異詞。又知(zhi)書,時說古今(jin)成敗事(shi)(shi),髯眉為動。崇禎二年己巳,年已六十(shi)。際〔遇〕董大(da)成〔今(jin)屬柏(bo)林(lin)莊鎮(zhen)劉家(jia)疃(tuan)村人(ren)〕亂。大(da)成亦邑(yi)人(ren),恃勇好(hao)亂敗產,多結(jie)惡少(shao)。會妖賊(zei)(zei)李(li)〔指傳白蓮教的李(li)盛明〕,不知(zhi)何(he)地人(ren),能術煽齊民(min),成陰(yin)受(shou)約為從(cong)〔大(da)成暗地里接(jie)受(shou)他(ta)的密約,跟從(cong)他(ta)造(zao)反〕。有招(zhao)遠(yuan)許湯(tang)(tang),殺(sha)催稅隸(li)叛據腰山〔今(jin)稱窯山,在譚格(ge)莊鎮(zhen)北〕。成與(yu)(yu)湯(tang)(tang)夙(su)盟(meng),疑不定(ding),遂出城散徒掠人(ren)為盜(dao),三日(ri)(ri),得(de)(de)三千(qian)(qian)人(ren)。聚邑(yi)西(xi)劉家(jia)莊,待與(yu)(yu)俱(ju)東去。芳(fang)居(ju)西(xi)南一里,成率騎至其家(jia)。芳(fang)不避,為開(kai)陳(chen)大(da)難, 不易發,當(dang)早寢(qin)〔早早停息〕。不應,反迫與(yu)(yu)俱(ju)。芳(fang)度(du)〔考慮(lv)〕其黨已發,不可(ke)說,又徒死無益,佯應之(zhi)。且紿〔音迨(dai),同詒(yi),欺騙〕之(zhi)曰:汝事(shi)(shi)舉三余日(ri)(ri)矣(yi),官軍(jun)得(de)(de)無知(zhi)者?三千(qian)(qian)人(ren)而抱頭聚,若(ruo)軍(jun)至,何(he)以(yi)應?成曰:奈(nai)何(he)?芳(fang)教以(yi)分為五,皆里許隔,變可(ke)相聞。賊(zei)(zei)從(cong)之(zhi)。日(ri)(ri)暮(mu),果分為五,北者近芳(fang)居(ju),賊(zei)(zei)腹心則居(ju)中。
十一月廿三夜,晦〔天黑(hei)〕不(bu)見人。芳(fang)(fang)喜,潛(qian)至(zhi)(zhi)其東南西(xi),皆(jie)語曰(yue):官兵(bing)至(zhi)(zhi)矣,吾儕chai〔我(wo)等〕皆(jie)良人,今無死所(suo)。如聞(wen)戰(zhan)(zhan)斗聲(sheng),宜(yi)各為(wei)計(ji)。掠人〔被掠之人〕皆(jie)惶(huang)迫(po),不(bu)知所(suo)為(wei)。芳(fang)(fang)因(yin)至(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)語曰(yue):官軍(jun)已(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)〔大(da)成(cheng)〕村后矣,宜(yi)力敵勿怠。大(da)成(cheng)及諸腹心俱鹵騃〔癡愚,鹵,通魯。騃,音似〕,不(bu)知兵(bing)。皆(jie)懼(ju)而(er)強諾焉。芳(fang)(fang)又說(shuo)其北近居者(zhe)曰(yue):官軍(jun)自南來,汝等宜(yi)大(da)呼(hu)示人眾(zhong),至(zhi)(zhi)便梃(ting)擊(ji)無失(shi)。亦應曰(yue):諾。因(yin)大(da)呼(hu),居中(zhong)者(zhe)聞(wen)呼(hu)亦大(da)呼(hu)。引人北向,梃(ting)相(xiang)接溷〔混(hun)亂〕擊(ji)焉。其東南西(xi)聞(wen)呼(hu)及戰(zhan)(zhan)斗聲(sheng),大(da)恐,亦大(da)呼(hu),盡逃去(qu)戰(zhan)(zhan)。賊(zei)聞(wen)呼(hu)亦亂。逮〔等到〕辨(bian)聲(sheng)諗為(wei)芳(fang)(fang)計(ji),而(er)成(cheng)已(yi)偕從董平馳騎遁(dun)東埠。尋而(er)告語之,怒(nu)回(hui)呼(hu)芳(fang)(fang)。芳(fang)(fang)應之途曰(yue):我(wo)為(wei)汝練兵(bing)耳(er)。成(cheng)曰(yue):汝亂吾兵(bing),何練為(wei)?芳(fang)(fang)曰(yue):汝新集(ji)兵(bing)不(bu)可戰(zhan)(zhan), 試恐以官軍(jun)走矣,況親至(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)乎?欲圖事
須入(ru)與(yu)我謀。因延至其家。成與(yu)眾賊因人多(duo)逃,皆(jie)搖亂無定(ding)見,遂信之。芳欲(yu)堅其入(ru)〔堅定(ding)其進入(ru)之決心〕,曰(yue):兵未散(san)者(zhe),尚五六(liu)百人,可駐我門前,但腹(fu)心入(ru)與(yu)謀。成遂及其腹(fu)心六(liu)七人入(ru)。芳為設坐,具燈火笑曰(yue):俱饑矣(yi),我具食。
芳三子(zi),長(chang)別居;次(ci)渭經,抱(bao)布貿;渭明(ming)(ming),嫁花草(cao)竹木以(yi)生。時(shi)長(chang)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)春(chun)在焉。芳出屬〔通囑〕經視前(qian)門,明(ming)(ming)視后門。矯〔假傳〕賊(zei)(zei)(zei)(zei)令,勿使一(yi)人(ren)入。屬其孫(sun)從之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)〔囑咐他的孫(sun)子(zi)跟從他〕。孫(sun)問所(suo)以(yi),芳曰:賊(zei)(zei)(zei)(zei)入我彀中矣。待就(jiu)食(shi),我從旁斫董賊(zei)(zei)(zei)(zei)死(si)(si)。我雖老尚健,可抵三四人(ren)。魁死(si)(si)〔頭目(mu)死(si)(si)〕,余鳥獸散,不足畏即不幸為賊(zei)(zei)(zei)(zei)殺,舉家以(yi)良百姓(xing)。殺賊(zei)(zei)(zei)(zei)死(si)(si),不愈(yu)于作賊(zei)(zei)(zei)(zei)死(si)(si)乎(hu)?汝勿語諸婦(fu)人(ren),但(dan)促具食(shi)。芳因(yin)入, 酌(zhuo)酒董賊(zei)(zei)(zei)(zei)前(qian)又遍酌(zhuo)諸腹心,以(yi)麥(mai)湯飲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。成(cheng)等皆就(jiu)食(shi),惟(wei)一(yi)賊(zei)(zei)(zei)(zei)魯東明(ming)(ming)者不食(shi),持鐵叉立成(cheng)傍目(mu)芳。芳疑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),因(yin)自思曰:過此(ci)瞬恐無及(ji),吾當并斫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。因(yin)取其衣下(xia)藏刀斫大成(cheng),未及(ji)。東明(ming)(ming)格之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),錚有聲。大成(cheng)驚拔佩(pei)刀起應之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
諸賊(zei)舍(she)食起拔刀(dao)。芳(fang)知不濟,持(chi)刀(dao)趨出門,呼:馬安在?得(de)賊(zei)馬聳乘之。大呼曰:人(ren)或逆我〔誰如阻止(zhi)我〕,死矣。于是群(qun)賊(zei)隨出大呼曰:圍之勿(wu)令走。門前諸賊(zei)圍之數匝。芳(fang)力斫,殺三(san)四人(ren)。馳數十(shi)步(bu),群(qun)矛環刺焉,遂墜(zhui)馬被縛。賊(zei)乃入收其(qi)(qi)家當(dang)。堂(tang)中亂,婦女多(duo)走。時賊(zei)約不掠,婦女多(duo)混鄰(lin)居以免(mian)。其(qi)(qi)長(chang)孫(sun)亦(yi)走免(mian)。惟渭(wei)經、渭(wei)明(ming)被執,孫(sun)三(san)人(ren)亂殺死。盡焚其(qi)(qi)廬(lu)舍(she)。
大成以兵(bing)環〔包圍〕芳并其子,罵曰:汝何為計殺我?芳曰:殺汝不中,命(ming)也。但(dan)早死耳(er)。賊(zei)(zei)怒(nu),罵曰:何易求死,命(ming)取水灌(guan)三人(ren),寒凍之(zhi)(zhi)。群(qun)刺以矛,體無完膚,遂刳心剖腸。終無餒詞〔始終沒有屈服(fu)〕。芳既死,賊(zei)(zei)眾漸集,又遣人(ren)分掠得(de)千(qian)人(ren)。廿(nian)四日,遂攻(gong)邑(yi)城(cheng)。廿(nian)五日又攻(gong),皆(jie)不克(ke)。后遂益賊(zei)(zei)至五千(qian)人(ren),圍城(cheng)焚外關。十二月,登(deng)兵(bing)〔登(deng)州(zhou)府(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)〕至,與戰(zhan),賊(zei)(zei)敗走。追殺平之(zhi)(zhi)。大成同左龍西皆(jie)走出。至蒙陰縣,典史王擒(qin)殺之(zhi)(zhi),梟其首,傳之(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)懸(xuan)示〔懸(xuan)首示眾〕焉。典史,山海關人(ren)。
左子(zi)曰(yue):董賊(zei)(zei)(zei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變,余(yu)時為諸生。聞有(you)賊(zei)(zei)(zei),士民皆乘城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。賊(zei)(zei)(zei)方駐西(xi)埠外,久(jiu)不來(lai)攻(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。至夜(ye)聞眾呼聲,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)者曰(yue):賊(zei)(zei)(zei)其(qi)有(you)恐(kong)與,不知(zhi)芳(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為也。芳(fang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)野老,未沾大官(guan)(guan)斗米,而(er)散(san)賊(zei)(zei)(zei)殺(sha)賊(zei)(zei)(zei),以(yi)(yi)(yi)必死謀賊(zei)(zei)(zei),何烈(lie)也。韓愈論張許:守一(yi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)捍天下(xia),以(yi)(yi)(yi)千百就盡(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒(zu),戰百萬方滋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寇,蔽遮(zhe)江淮(huai),阻遏其(qi)勢。天下(xia)不亡(wang),其(qi)誰(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功?余(yu)謂萊(lai)陽門未及,土賊(zei)(zei)(zei)乘新集之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勢,卒(zu)薄(bo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)下(xia),事未可(ke)知(zhi)。夜(ye)散(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),殺(sha)其(qi)勢而(er)緩(huan)其(qi)攻(gong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)益〔增加〕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中一(yi)日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)備,遂得獲奸內靖(jing),眾志鼓厲。萊(lai)陽不亡(wang),不可(ke)謂非芳(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功。事雖(sui)小,大懸殊:愈〔韓愈〕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)益信夫。余(yu)嘗拜其(qi)墓,見三墳為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流涕(ti)。因(yin)過其(qi)門:廬(lu)舍皆燼。孫十四人(ren),賊(zei)(zei)(zei)殺(sha)其(qi)三,余(yu)者皆垢敝(bi)。妻王年六十余(yu),依墻結茅以(yi)(yi)(yi)居。乘軒(xuan)者〔即當官(guan)(guan)的。軒(xuan),古代(dai)高官(guan)(guan)乘坐的一(yi)種(zhong)有(you)圍棚或(huo)帷幕的車(che)〕未嘗一(yi)問,匹夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)節,不亦悲(bei)乎?
左(zuo)懋第為人正直(zhi),敢于(yu)直(zhi)言(yan)進諫。崇禎年間,大明矛(mao)盾重重、危機四伏,陷入(ru)內外(wai)交困(kun)之中(zhong),內有(you)李(li)自成農民(min)軍縱橫半(ban)天下(xia),外(wai)有(you)清兵屢次入(ru)侵,邊防破(po)敗(bai),天災頻仍,三(san)餉加派,竭盡民(min)脂(zhi),吏治(zhi)腐朽,民(min)不聊生。統(tong)治(zhi)集(ji)團內部爭(zheng)權奪利。身為朝廷(ting)言(yan)官(guan)的左(zuo)懋第憂心(xin)如焚,他屢次上疏(shu),針砭時弊,提出(chu)救國(guo)救民(min)之策,為朝野所矚目(mu)。
左懋第從(cong)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)利益(yi)出發(fa),多次向當政者(zhe)提出治國的(de)正(zheng)確主(zhu)張(zhang)。左懋第被擢(zhuo)升為(wei)戶(hu)科給事中后,尖銳指(zhi)斥民(min)(min)窮、兵弱、臣工推(tui)諉、國計虛耗這四(si)種(zhong)時弊,提醒(xing)明王(wang)朝加以解決。為(wei)減輕勞(lao)動人民(min)(min)的(de)負擔,緩和階級矛盾,以有利于鞏固(gu)封建統治,較好地進行與崛起(qi)于關外的(de)滿(man)族(zu)(zu)的(de)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)斗爭(zheng),他屢次上書奏請納(na)監、出錢贖罪、廣開財源,行平倉法、監法及減輕賦稅,輸粟(su)邊塞、以充軍(jun)糧。
后來,左懋第又改任刑科(ke)給事中,仍不斷(duan)提出(chu)減輕人民負擔(dan)的(de)奏請。
初入諫垣(yuan),左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)便上疏(shu)要求停止(zhi)三(san)餉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)加派,在他和其他大臣的(de)(de)(de)苦諫下,崇(chong)禎(zhen)十(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian)(1640年(nian)),崇(chong)禎(zhen)帝(di)宣布(bu)停征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)剿(jiao)餉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)請馬上公告天下,免得(de)(de)地(di)方開(kai)征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),小(xiao)民不(bu)得(de)(de)實惠,崇(chong)禎(zhen)帝(di)采(cai)納了他的(de)(de)(de)建議。當(dang)年(nian)三(san)月,北京大風(feng)不(bu)止(zhi),左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)又借(jie)天變(bian)上言(yan),直(zhi)陳時(shi)政缺失(shi)。他指出:朝(chao)廷雖然數次(ci)下詔減兵省餉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),但小(xiao)民卻日困一日。原(yuan)因在于朝(chao)廷免征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),而地(di)方催征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),貪(tan)官污吏借(jie)機中(zhong)飽私囊。欲除(chu)此弊,必須公開(kai)各(ge)地(di)征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)賦之(zhi)數,讓(rang)小(xiao)民明(ming)白,使貪(tan)官無法作奸。停征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)加賦,必須嚴令各(ge)地(di)實行,不(bu)許各(ge)級(ji)層(ceng)層(ceng)追加,這樣才能使皇帝(di)的(de)(de)(de)恩惠潤澤萬(wan)民。崇(chong)禎(zhen)帝(di)很贊賞他的(de)(de)(de)建議,下令免掉上災七十(shi)(shi)五州(zhou)縣(xian)(xian)新、舊(jiu)、練三(san)餉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),中(zhong)災六十(shi)(shi)八州(zhou)縣(xian)(xian)新、舊(jiu)二餉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),下災三(san)十(shi)(shi)八州(zhou)縣(xian)(xian)三(san)餉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)緩征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。
崇禎十四(si)年(nian)(1641年(nian)),左懋第奉(feng)命(ming)督(du)辦漕運,即(ji)督(du)辦自江(jiang)南沿運河向京(jing)城(cheng)運送糧食。當時江(jiang)南發生(sheng)饑荒,遍地餓殍(piao),饑民的(de)反抗(kang)時有發生(sheng)。從統(tong)治階(jie)級的(de)整體利益出(chu)發,左懋第多次向崇楨皇帝上書,請求放糧贍災(zai)。并發出(chu)了(le)“贍救安可不變”的(de)呼吁,為(wei)民請命(ming)。當時明(ming)王朝兵連(lian)禍結。國庫空虛,民族矛盾(dun)和階(jie)級矛盾(dun)空前激烈(lie),內(nei)外交(jiao)困,處于風雨飄(piao)搖之中,左懋第的(de)意見未被采納。
崇禎十六年(nian)(1643年(nian))秋,左懋(mao)第出巡長江防務。尚(shang)未返(fan)京。
明(ming)朝(chao)末年(nian),國家內憂外患,危機四伏,大(da)廈將(jiang)傾,萊陽進士左懋第卻(que)登上了人生最(zui)壯美的(de)舞臺。他(ta)治理韓(han)城,政績優異,考選欽定第一,由知縣擢升朝(chao)中擔任要職(zhi),成為崇(chong)(chong)禎皇帝信任的(de)股(gu)肱(gong)之臣。崇(chong)(chong)禎甲(jia)申清(qing)兵入關(guan),國難當(dang)頭,他(ta)挺身而出,與攝政王多爾袞唇槍舌劍,堅決維(wei)護大(da)明(ming)尊嚴。面(mian)對酷刑(xing)和威(wei)逼利(li)誘,他(ta)寧作大(da)明(ming)鬼,不(bu)當(dang)清(qing)朝(chao)王,成為比肩文天祥的(de)民族(zu)英雄(xiong)。
清乾隆(long)四十一年(1776年)欽定殉(xun)節(jie)錄,賜(si)專謚(shi)“忠貞”,祀本邑鄉賢、韓(han)城(cheng)名(ming)宦(huan)祠(ci),萊(lai)陽又建左(zuo)公祠(ci),春秋次丁致祭。韓(han)城(cheng)人(ren)建祠(ci)與漢代(dai)的蘇武并祀。
左懋第(di)墓(mu)(mu)位(wei)于山東(dong)省煙(yan)臺市萊(lai)(lai)陽(yang)市沐(mu)浴店鎮北(bei)(bei)旺村東(dong)北(bei)(bei)左家(jia)(jia)瑩,距村約700米,該墓(mu)(mu)原葬(zang)地在柏(bo)林(lin)莊鎮東(dong)南方向羅(luo)石(shi)(shi)頂上。1952年部(bu)隊營房建設時其后裔將(jiang)此墓(mu)(mu)遷至該處左姓(xing)居住的(de)北(bei)(bei)旺村左家(jia)(jia)瑩內。墓(mu)(mu)區(qu)有墓(mu)(mu)冢3座成品字形排(pai)列(lie),懋第(di)墓(mu)(mu)立龍頭碑(bei)陰刻“恩(en)寵”二(er)字,乾隆41年追謚“忠(zhong)貞”,贈禮部(bu)尚書,墓(mu)(mu)志(zhi)是清嘉慶(qing)十二(er)年(1808年)敕授文林(lin)郎萊(lai)(lai)陽(yang)知縣延君壽敬題的(de),由左氏五(wu)世(shi)孫寅(yin)文立石(shi)(shi)。
左(zuo)公祠建于(yu)康熙四十(shi)年(1701年),山東學(xue)政僉事徐炯主(zhu)持(chi),在(zai)萊(lai)陽(yang)修(xiu)建左(zuo)公祠,萊(lai)陽(yang)人踴躍捐款,贊襄其事。乾隆十(shi)五(wu)年(1750年),萊(lai)陽(yang)知縣郝大倫重修(xiu)左(zuo)公祠。位于(yu)今天萊(lai)陽(yang)工人文化宮西(xi)側(ce),七星街東側(ce)。祠堂整個院落(luo)占地約10畝。大門朝西(xi),有三間(jian)正殿,客(ke)房三間(jian),雜房三間(jian),裙(qun)房10余間(jian)。左(zuo)公祠在(zai)他做知縣的山西(xi)韓城(cheng)有一座,與萊(lai)陽(yang)祠相似。