新洲龍王白(bai)蓮新鮮籽蓮殼色淡(dan)綠,粒形卵圓,清香、味甜、質脆;干蓮米色白(bai)粒圓、易(yi)燉煮不糊、口感粉糯(nuo)、湯色玉瑩。
新(xin)洲(zhou)(zhou)龍王白蓮產于漲渡(du)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)周邊雙柳街的濱湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、齊頭咀(ju)、西灘湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、蓮湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、家湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、原(yuan)種場、大(da)白湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、黃泥(ni)洲(zhou)(zhou)、大(da)屋基、鎮北等(deng)10村(cun)和(he)龍王咀(ju)農(nong)場;漲渡(du)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)街的沙湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、扁擔(dan)列、沐家涇、青泥(ni)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、創新(xin)堤、落兒灣、楊柳灣等(deng)7個村(cun);汪集街的馮鋪、安仁、復興、咀(ju)阜村(cun)等(deng)4村(cun);陽邏街的蘆山、和(he)平、七湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、朱店、南(nan)山、陳咀(ju)、胡咀(ju)、向陽、月明等(deng)9個村(cun),共30個村(cun)和(he)1個農(nong)場。地(di)域(yu)范圍為東經(jing)114°36′51″~114°50′22″,北緯30°35′42″~30°45′18″。地(di)域(yu)總面(mian)積1萬(wan)(wan)公頃,新(xin)洲(zhou)(zhou)龍王白蓮保護(hu)區面(mian)積1333.3公頃,年產量(liang)67.5萬(wan)(wan)千克(ke)。
(1)外(wai)在感官(guan)特(te)征 新(xin)洲龍王(wang)白蓮(lian)新(xin)鮮籽蓮(lian)殼色(se)淡綠,粒形卵圓(yuan)(yuan),清香(xiang)、味甜(tian)、質脆;干蓮(lian)米(mi)色(se)白粒圓(yuan)(yuan)、易燉煮不糊、口感粉(fen)糯、湯色(se)玉瑩。
(2)內在品質指標 新洲龍王(wang)白蓮(lian)營養(yang)豐富,向有“蓮(lian)參”之譽。其蛋(dan)白質≥17.5g/100g;脂肪≤1.50g/100g;淀(dian)粉≥48.0g/100g。
(3)質(zhi)量(liang)安全規(gui)定 新洲龍王(wang)白(bai)蓮產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境必需(xu)符(fu)合食(shi)用農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境質(zhi)量(liang)評(ping)價標(biao)準(zhun)HJ/T332的(de)規(gui)定,農(nong)業(ye)投入(ru)品(pin)使用必需(xu)符(fu)合食(shi)品(pin)衛生通(tong)用標(biao)準(zhun)GB2762,產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)必需(xu)符(fu)合GB2763的(de)要求。
新(xin)洲(zhou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源豐沛,境內水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)網如(ru)織(zhi),湖泊、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫星羅棋布,舉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、倒水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、沙河三條河流縱貫全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu),長(chang)江(jiang)繞境而過。位于(yu)新(xin)洲(zhou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)南部的長(chang)江(jiang)中游濕地(di)自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)——漲(zhang)渡(du)湖主湖水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面7.8萬(wan)畝(mu),子湖(七湖、陶家(jia)大(da)湖、安仁湖等)17個、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面5.1萬(wan)畝(mu),湖區(qu)(qu)(qu)總水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面13萬(wan)畝(mu)。 發源于(yu)大(da)別(bie)山脈(mo)的倒水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、舉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),在流經新(xin)洲(zhou)全(quan)境后,挾漲(zhang)渡(du)湖而注入(ru)長(chang)江(jiang)。漲(zhang)渡(du)湖區(qu)(qu)(qu)襟江(jiang)帶河,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域遼闊,土(tu)地(di)廣袤而肥沃,自然(ran)(ran)(ran)而然(ran)(ran)(ran)成(cheng)為魚(yu)米之鄉和濕地(di)自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)。 漲(zhang)渡(du)湖區(qu)(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質潔凈,泥壤(rang)松軟,富含有(you)機質,地(di)溫波動小且長(chang)年偏(pian)低,致使(shi)新(xin)洲(zhou)龍王(wang)白(bai)蓮(lian)較其它(ta)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的白(bai)蓮(lian)成(cheng)熟期延長(chang)15-20天。得天獨厚(hou)的自然(ran)(ran)(ran)環境,造就了新(xin)洲(zhou)龍王(wang)白(bai)蓮(lian)的獨特(te)品質特(te)征(zheng)。
為(wei)了保(bao)持新洲龍王白蓮的獨特品質,確(que)保(bao)其質量安全,制定如下控制措施:
1、產(chan)地(di)(di)要(yao)求(qiu):在水(shui)質潔凈(jing)、有機質豐富(fu)、地(di)(di)勢低凹的漲渡湖(hu)地(di)(di)區種植,且產(chan)地(di)(di)環境符合(he)HJ/T322的規(gui)定。最好選(xuan)用(yong)放養(yang)2-3年淡水(shui)魚的標準魚池(chi)作為蓮田。種白蓮3年后改養(yang)淡水(shui)魚,既可減輕白蓮病害,又可利用(yong)魚池(chi)淤泥肥(fei)效。
2、品種(zhong)(zhong)范圍:從二十(shi)世紀(ji)五十(shi)年代末開(kai)始,新(xin)洲蓮(lian)農引(yin)進福建(jian)蓮(lian)苗在(zai)本(ben)地(di)試種(zhong)(zhong)成功(gong)后大(da)面積推廣,八(ba)十(shi)年代引(yin)進湘(xiang)蓮(lian),九十(shi)年代又引(yin)進太空(kong)蓮(lian),新(xin)洲龍王白(bai)蓮(lian)品種(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)建(jian)蓮(lian)為主(zhu)。其次對種(zhong)(zhong)藕的選擇(ze):要求品種(zhong)(zhong)純正、上年單(dan)產高、未(wei)發生病害的留種(zhong)(zhong)田里的種(zhong)(zhong)藕。做到邊挖(wa)邊選,以(yi)具有本(ben)品種(zhong)(zhong)特性(xing)、色澤新(xin)鮮、節間短、無(wu)(wu)病斑、無(wu)(wu)損(sun)傷、頂芽完(wan)整,具有二節以(yi)上的主(zhu)藕和(he)二節以(yi)上子藕作種(zhong)(zhong)。
3、生產控制 ①施(shi)(shi)足基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。3月(yue)下旬(xun)至4月(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun),每(mei)(mei)畝蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)田(tian)均勻(yun)潑施(shi)(shi)充分腐(fu)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)畜禽糞便500-1000公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)左(zuo)右,留3-6cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)待植。 ②適(shi)時移栽(zai)。氣(qi)(qi)溫穩定通(tong)過12℃,一(yi)(yi)般在(zai)4月(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)中旬(xun)移栽(zai)為宜(yi)(yi)(yi)。種(zhong)植密(mi)度一(yi)(yi)般以(yi)每(mei)(mei)畝種(zhong)植180-200株藕(ou)種(zhong)為宜(yi)(yi)(yi),株行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距1.7-2米(mi)。早栽(zai)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)稀,遲(chi)栽(zai)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)密(mi);高肥(fei)(fei)(fei)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)稀、中低肥(fei)(fei)(fei)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)密(mi)。尾梢(shao)往上(shang)(shang)(shang),藕(ou)頭埋入(ru)(ru)(ru)泥中10-13厘(li)米(mi)。 ③中耕除(chu)(chu)草(cao)。采(cai)(cai)用(yong)人工(gong)(gong)拔除(chu)(chu)或(huo)翻埋的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)及時中耕除(chu)(chu)草(cao),絕不用(yong)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)劑除(chu)(chu)草(cao)。當蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)主莖(jing)抽(chou)(chou)出第(di)一(yi)(yi)立葉(xie)時開(kai)始(shi)耘(yun)田(tian)除(chu)(chu)草(cao),之(zhi)(zhi)后每(mei)(mei)隔10-15天(tian)耘(yun)田(tian)一(yi)(yi)次(ci),到荷葉(xie)封田(tian)為止。耘(yun)田(tian)前先行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)排水(shui),只保持(chi)泥皮水(shui),耘(yun)田(tian)時將雜草(cao)拔盡并(bing)埋入(ru)(ru)(ru)泥中,達到泥爛、面平、無雜草(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。除(chu)(chu)草(cao)結(jie)合施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)同時進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),可使(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)深(shen)(shen)埋,提(ti)(ti)高肥(fei)(fei)(fei)效。 ④水(shui)分管(guan)理。淺水(shui)勤灌(guan),栽(zai)植團內保持(chi)4-5厘(li)米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)層,遇寒潮天(tian)氣(qi)(qi)適(shi)當加深(shen)(shen)水(shui)層保溫。花(hua)(hua)蓬(peng)期(qi)(qi)(qi)氣(qi)(qi)溫較高,水(shui)層應加深(shen)(shen)至15-20厘(li)米(mi),注意要(yao)逐漸加深(shen)(shen)。 ⑤科(ke)學施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)子生育期(qi)(qi)(qi)長(chang)(chang),耗肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量大,掌握(wo)“苗(miao)(miao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)輕、花(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)重、子肥(fei)(fei)(fei)全(quan)”原則,分期(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)次(ci)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)。第(di)一(yi)(yi)葉(xie)抽(chou)(chou)生后(成苗(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi))結(jie)合第(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)耘(yun)田(tian)追施(shi)(shi)苗(miao)(miao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),畝用(yong)尿素5公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)、氯(lv)化鉀(jia)2.5公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),點施(shi)(shi)在(zai)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)苗(miao)(miao)周圍(wei),施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)后即(ji)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)耘(yun)田(tian);始(shi)花(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)重施(shi)(shi)花(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),于第(di)一(yi)(yi)花(hua)(hua)蕾出現時施(shi)(shi)用(yong),畝施(shi)(shi)尿素7.5公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)加氯(lv)化鉀(jia)4公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),全(quan)田(tian)均勻(yun)撒施(shi)(shi),不能將肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)撒到荷葉(xie)或(huo)花(hua)(hua)上(shang)(shang)(shang),田(tian)間保留3-5厘(li)米(mi)水(shui)層;結(jie)蓬(peng)初期(qi)(qi)(qi)施(shi)(shi)壯子肥(fei)(fei)(fei),畝施(shi)(shi)尿素5公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),氯(lv)化鉀(jia)2.5公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)、硼砂0.5公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)方法(fa)同上(shang)(shang)(shang)。之(zhi)(zhi)后每(mei)(mei)過10-15天(tian)施(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(每(mei)(mei)次(ci)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)用(yong)量遞減10%),視田(tian)間荷苗(miao)(miao)長(chang)(chang)勢,全(quan)程不超過6次(ci)。 ⑥綜(zong)合防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。農業(ye)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):科(ke)學管(guan)水(shui),即(ji)淺水(shui)(5cm)長(chang)(chang)苗(miao)(miao)、深(shen)(shen)水(shui)(20cm)開(kai)花(hua)(hua)結(jie)實,通(tong)過健身栽(zai)培提(ti)(ti)高蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)苗(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)抗逆性;物理防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):頻振式(shi)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)燈誘殺(sha)(sha)斜紋(wen)夜(ye)(ye)盜(dao)蛾(e)成蟲(chong),黃板誘殺(sha)(sha)蚜蟲(chong);生物防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):性引誘劑誘殺(sha)(sha)斜紋(wen)夜(ye)(ye)盜(dao)蛾(e)成蟲(chong),人工(gong)(gong)摘除(chu)(chu)荷葉(xie)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)斜紋(wen)夜(ye)(ye)盜(dao)蛾(e)卵塊并(bing)踩入(ru)(ru)(ru)泥中;化學防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):腐(fu)敗病是蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)藕(ou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)病害(hai),關鍵是做好蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)田(tian)和藕(ou)種(zhong)消毒。發(fa)病初期(qi)(qi)(qi),全(quan)田(tian)撒施(shi)(shi)生石灰50—60公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。 ⑦適(shi)時采(cai)(cai)收。采(cai)(cai)收工(gong)(gong)作分批進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),當蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)蓬(peng)是紫褐色或(huo)黃褐色時及時采(cai)(cai)收,以(yi)便去(qu)殼(ke)、去(qu)芯。