新洲龍王白蓮(lian)新鮮(xian)籽蓮(lian)殼色(se)淡綠,粒形卵圓,清香、味(wei)甜、質脆;干蓮(lian)米(mi)色(se)白粒圓、易燉煮不糊(hu)、口感粉糯、湯色(se)玉瑩。
新(xin)洲龍王白蓮(lian)(lian)產于漲渡湖(hu)(hu)周邊雙(shuang)柳(liu)街(jie)的(de)(de)濱湖(hu)(hu)、齊頭咀、西灘湖(hu)(hu)、蓮(lian)(lian)湖(hu)(hu)、家湖(hu)(hu)、原種(zhong)場、大白湖(hu)(hu)、黃泥洲、大屋基、鎮北(bei)等(deng)10村和(he)龍王咀農(nong)場;漲渡湖(hu)(hu)街(jie)的(de)(de)沙(sha)湖(hu)(hu)、扁擔(dan)列、沐(mu)家涇、青(qing)泥湖(hu)(hu)、創新(xin)堤、落兒灣(wan)、楊柳(liu)灣(wan)等(deng)7個村;汪(wang)集街(jie)的(de)(de)馮(feng)鋪、安仁、復(fu)興、咀阜村等(deng)4村;陽邏街(jie)的(de)(de)蘆(lu)山、和(he)平、七湖(hu)(hu)、朱店、南(nan)山、陳(chen)咀、胡(hu)咀、向陽、月明等(deng)9個村,共30個村和(he)1個農(nong)場。地域范圍為(wei)東經114°36′51″~114°50′22″,北(bei)緯(wei)30°35′42″~30°45′18″。地域總面(mian)積1萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing),新(xin)洲龍王白蓮(lian)(lian)保護區面(mian)積1333.3公(gong)頃(qing),年(nian)產量(liang)67.5萬(wan)千克。
(1)外(wai)在(zai)感(gan)官特(te)征 新洲龍王(wang)白(bai)蓮新鮮籽蓮殼色(se)淡綠,粒形(xing)卵圓(yuan),清香(xiang)、味甜、質脆;干蓮米色(se)白(bai)粒圓(yuan)、易燉煮(zhu)不糊、口感(gan)粉糯、湯色(se)玉瑩。
(2)內在品(pin)質(zhi)指標(biao) 新洲龍王白蓮(lian)營養豐富(fu),向有“蓮(lian)參”之譽。其蛋白質(zhi)≥17.5g/100g;脂(zhi)肪≤1.50g/100g;淀粉≥48.0g/100g。
(3)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)全規定 新洲龍王(wang)白蓮產地環境(jing)必(bi)需(xu)符合(he)食用(yong)農(nong)產品(pin)產地環境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量評價標準HJ/T332的規定,農(nong)業投入(ru)品(pin)使用(yong)必(bi)需(xu)符合(he)食品(pin)衛生(sheng)通用(yong)標準GB2762,產品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量必(bi)需(xu)符合(he)GB2763的要求。
新(xin)(xin)洲區(qu)水資源豐沛,境內水網如織,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊、水庫星羅棋(qi)布,舉水、倒(dao)水、沙河三條河流縱貫全區(qu),長江繞境而過。位于(yu)新(xin)(xin)洲區(qu)南部(bu)的(de)長江中游濕地(di)自(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)——漲渡(du)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)主湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水面(mian)7.8萬畝(mu),子湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(七湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、陶家大(da)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、安仁湖(hu)(hu)(hu)等(deng))17個、水面(mian)5.1萬畝(mu),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)總(zong)水面(mian)13萬畝(mu)。 發源于(yu)大(da)別山脈的(de)倒(dao)水、舉水,在流經新(xin)(xin)洲全境后,挾漲渡(du)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)而注入長江。漲渡(du)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)襟江帶河,水域(yu)遼闊,土地(di)廣袤而肥沃,自(zi)然(ran)而然(ran)成為(wei)魚米之鄉和濕地(di)自(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)。 漲渡(du)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)水質(zhi)(zhi)潔(jie)凈,泥(ni)壤松(song)軟(ruan),富(fu)含有(you)機質(zhi)(zhi),地(di)溫波動小且長年偏低,致(zhi)使新(xin)(xin)洲龍王白蓮(lian)較其它(ta)地(di)區(qu)的(de)白蓮(lian)成熟期延長15-20天。得天獨厚的(de)自(zi)然(ran)環境,造就了新(xin)(xin)洲龍王白蓮(lian)的(de)獨特(te)品質(zhi)(zhi)特(te)征。
為了保持新洲龍王白(bai)蓮的獨特(te)品質,確保其質量安全,制(zhi)定(ding)如下(xia)控(kong)制(zhi)措施:
1、產(chan)地要求:在水質潔凈、有機質豐富、地勢低凹的漲渡湖(hu)地區種(zhong)植,且產(chan)地環境符合HJ/T322的規定。最好選用放養2-3年淡(dan)水魚的標準(zhun)魚池作為蓮田。種(zhong)白蓮3年后(hou)改養淡(dan)水魚,既可(ke)減輕白蓮病害(hai),又可(ke)利用魚池淤泥肥效(xiao)。
2、品種(zhong)范圍:從(cong)二十世紀五十年(nian)代(dai)末開始,新洲(zhou)蓮(lian)農引進(jin)福建蓮(lian)苗在(zai)本地試種(zhong)成功后大(da)面積(ji)推(tui)廣(guang),八十年(nian)代(dai)引進(jin)湘蓮(lian),九(jiu)十年(nian)代(dai)又(you)引進(jin)太空蓮(lian),新洲(zhou)龍王白蓮(lian)品種(zhong)以(yi)建蓮(lian)為主。其(qi)次對種(zhong)藕的選擇:要求品種(zhong)純(chun)正(zheng)、上(shang)年(nian)單產高(gao)、未發生病害的留種(zhong)田里(li)的種(zhong)藕。做到邊(bian)挖邊(bian)選,以(yi)具(ju)有本品種(zhong)特性(xing)、色澤(ze)新鮮、節間短、無病斑、無損傷(shang)、頂芽完整,具(ju)有二節以(yi)上(shang)的主藕和(he)二節以(yi)上(shang)子藕作種(zhong)。
3、生(sheng)產控制 ①施(shi)(shi)足基肥(fei)(fei)。3月下旬至4月上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬,每(mei)(mei)畝蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)田(tian)(tian)均勻(yun)潑施(shi)(shi)充分(fen)腐熟的(de)畜禽糞便500-1000公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)左右,留3-6cm的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)待植(zhi)。 ②適時(shi)移(yi)栽(zai)。氣(qi)溫穩定通過(guo)12℃,一(yi)般在4月上(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)旬移(yi)栽(zai)為宜。種(zhong)植(zhi)密度一(yi)般以(yi)每(mei)(mei)畝種(zhong)植(zhi)180-200株(zhu)藕(ou)種(zhong)為宜,株(zhu)行(xing)距1.7-2米(mi)。早栽(zai)宜稀,遲栽(zai)宜密;高(gao)肥(fei)(fei)宜稀、中(zhong)低肥(fei)(fei)宜密。尾梢(shao)往上(shang)(shang)(shang),藕(ou)頭埋入(ru)泥中(zhong)10-13厘(li)(li)米(mi)。 ③中(zhong)耕(geng)除草(cao)。采用人工拔(ba)除或翻埋的(de)方(fang)法(fa)及時(shi)中(zhong)耕(geng)除草(cao),絕不用除草(cao)劑(ji)除草(cao)。當蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)主莖抽出(chu)第一(yi)立葉(xie)時(shi)開始(shi)耘田(tian)(tian)除草(cao),之(zhi)后每(mei)(mei)隔10-15天耘田(tian)(tian)一(yi)次,到荷葉(xie)封田(tian)(tian)為止。耘田(tian)(tian)前先行(xing)排水(shui)(shui)(shui),只保(bao)持泥皮水(shui)(shui)(shui),耘田(tian)(tian)時(shi)將雜草(cao)拔(ba)盡并埋入(ru)泥中(zhong),達(da)到泥爛、面平、無雜草(cao)的(de)要求。除草(cao)結(jie)合施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)同(tong)時(shi)進行(xing),可使(shi)肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)深(shen)(shen)埋,提(ti)高(gao)肥(fei)(fei)效。 ④水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)管理(li)。淺水(shui)(shui)(shui)勤灌,栽(zai)植(zhi)團內保(bao)持4-5厘(li)(li)米(mi)的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng),遇寒(han)潮天氣(qi)適當加(jia)深(shen)(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)保(bao)溫。花蓬(peng)(peng)期(qi)氣(qi)溫較高(gao),水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)應加(jia)深(shen)(shen)至15-20厘(li)(li)米(mi),注意(yi)要逐(zhu)漸加(jia)深(shen)(shen)。 ⑤科學施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)。蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi)生(sheng)育(yu)期(qi)長(chang),耗肥(fei)(fei)量大,掌(zhang)握“苗(miao)(miao)(miao)肥(fei)(fei)輕、花肥(fei)(fei)重(zhong)、子(zi)肥(fei)(fei)全”原(yuan)則,分(fen)期(qi)多(duo)次施(shi)(shi)用。第一(yi)葉(xie)抽生(sheng)后(成苗(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi))結(jie)合第一(yi)次耘田(tian)(tian)追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)肥(fei)(fei),畝用尿(niao)(niao)素5公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)、氯(lv)(lv)化鉀(jia)2.5公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),點施(shi)(shi)在蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)周圍(wei),施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)后即行(xing)耘田(tian)(tian);始(shi)花期(qi)重(zhong)施(shi)(shi)花肥(fei)(fei),于(yu)第一(yi)花蕾(lei)出(chu)現時(shi)施(shi)(shi)用,畝施(shi)(shi)尿(niao)(niao)素7.5公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)加(jia)氯(lv)(lv)化鉀(jia)4公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),全田(tian)(tian)均勻(yun)撒施(shi)(shi),不能將肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)撒到荷葉(xie)或花上(shang)(shang)(shang),田(tian)(tian)間保(bao)留3-5厘(li)(li)米(mi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng);結(jie)蓬(peng)(peng)初(chu)期(qi)施(shi)(shi)壯子(zi)肥(fei)(fei),畝施(shi)(shi)尿(niao)(niao)素5公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),氯(lv)(lv)化鉀(jia)2.5公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)、硼砂0.5公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)方(fang)法(fa)同(tong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。之(zhi)后每(mei)(mei)過(guo)10-15天施(shi)(shi)一(yi)次追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(每(mei)(mei)次肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)用量遞減10%),視(shi)田(tian)(tian)間荷苗(miao)(miao)(miao)長(chang)勢,全程不超(chao)過(guo)6次。 ⑥綜合防(fang)治(zhi)。農業防(fang)治(zhi):科學管水(shui)(shui)(shui),即淺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(5cm)長(chang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)、深(shen)(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(20cm)開花結(jie)實,通過(guo)健身栽(zai)培提(ti)高(gao)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)抗逆性(xing)(xing);物理(li)防(fang)治(zhi):頻振式殺(sha)蟲燈誘(you)殺(sha)斜(xie)(xie)紋(wen)夜(ye)盜(dao)蛾(e)成蟲,黃板誘(you)殺(sha)蚜蟲;生(sheng)物防(fang)治(zhi):性(xing)(xing)引誘(you)劑(ji)誘(you)殺(sha)斜(xie)(xie)紋(wen)夜(ye)盜(dao)蛾(e)成蟲,人工摘(zhai)除荷葉(xie)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)斜(xie)(xie)紋(wen)夜(ye)盜(dao)蛾(e)卵塊(kuai)并踩(cai)入(ru)泥中(zhong);化學防(fang)治(zhi):腐敗病(bing)是(shi)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)藕(ou)的(de)主要病(bing)害,關鍵是(shi)做好蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)田(tian)(tian)和藕(ou)種(zhong)消毒。發(fa)病(bing)初(chu)期(qi),全田(tian)(tian)撒施(shi)(shi)生(sheng)石(shi)灰50—60公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。 ⑦適時(shi)采收。采收工作分(fen)批進行(xing),當蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)蓬(peng)(peng)是(shi)紫(zi)褐色(se)或黃褐色(se)時(shi)及時(shi)采收,以(yi)便去(qu)殼、去(qu)芯(xin)。