2018年9月29日,中華人民共和國(guo)農(nong)業農(nong)村部正式(shi)批準(zhun)對(dui)“黃(huang)田荔枝(zhi)”實施國(guo)家農(nong)產(chan)品地理標志登記保護(hu)。荔枝(zhi)是(shi)著名的嶺(ling)南四大(da)佳(jia)果之一,色香味(wei)皆美,堪稱(cheng)“果王”。黃(huang)田荔枝(zhi)的范圍主要是(shi)在(zai)寶(bao)安區。“黃(huang)田荔枝(zhi)”深圳市寶(bao)安區種植(zhi)荔枝(zhi)最初(chu)在(zai)主產(chan)區黃(huang)田開始了種植(zhi),而且品質好、規模大(da),對(dui)外影響力(li)大(da),所(suo)以(yi)外界稱(cheng)“黃(huang)田荔枝(zhi)”。
黃(huang)(huang)田(tian)(tian)荔枝產于廣東(dong)(dong)省深圳市西北部寶安(an)區,南接深圳經(jing)濟特區,北連東(dong)(dong)莞市,東(dong)(dong)瀕大鵬灣,臨(lin)望(wang)香港新界(jie)、元朗,地(di)域保護范圍(wei)(wei)覆蓋整(zheng)個(ge)寶安(an)區航城(cheng)街(jie)道(dao)的黃(huang)(huang)田(tian)(tian)、鐘(zhong)屋、后瑞(rui)、草(cao)圍(wei)(wei)、九(jiu)圍(wei)(wei)、三(san)圍(wei)(wei)、鶴洲、利(li)錦、黃(huang)(huang)麻布(bu)等9個(ge)社區(居民委員(yuan)會),地(di)理位置地(di)理坐標為東(dong)(dong)經(jing)113°49′36″-113°54′50″,北緯22°33′28″~22°41′40″。現種植面積175公頃,年產量500噸。
地(di)(di)形地(di)(di)貌情況(kuang)(kuang):產區(qu)(qu)寶(bao)安區(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)形較為(wei)(wei)(wei)復雜,主(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)(wei)低(di)山(shan)、丘(qiu)陵、臺地(di)(di)和(he)平(ping)(ping)原,最(zui)高海拔為(wei)(wei)(wei)寶(bao)安區(qu)(qu)大(da)茅(mao)山(shan)377米。地(di)(di)勢東北高西(xi)(xi)南(nan)低(di),東北部主(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)(wei)低(di)山(shan),中(zhong)(zhong)部及北部主(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)(wei)丘(qiu)陵臺地(di)(di),西(xi)(xi)部主(zhu)要是(shi)沖(chong)積平(ping)(ping)原,并殘存一些低(di)丘(qiu),而西(xi)(xi)南(nan)海岸(an)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)泥(ni)岸(an),灘涂資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)富。主(zhu)要山(shan)脈(mo)(mo)屬蓮花山(shan)系(xi),由(you)羊臺山(shan)、鳳凰山(shan)等構(gou)成海岸(an)屏障(zhang)。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)條件:產區(qu)(qu)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)以微酸性(xing)的沙質紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),土(tu)層深厚疏(shu)松、透(tou)氣性(xing)能(neng)好,保水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)保肥力強(qiang),土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)pH 5.5~6.5。有(you)(you)機(ji)質和(he)礦物元素豐(feng)富,有(you)(you)機(ji)質含量1%,富含腐殖質,排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)良好的微酸性(xing)土(tu)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang)(kuang):全區(qu)(qu)面(mian)積93平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里(li),海岸(an)線長8.71公(gong)里(li)。轄(xia)區(qu)(qu)內水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)力資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)富,以海岸(an)山(shan)脈(mo)(mo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)分(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)嶺,可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)東江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)和(he)珠江(jiang)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)。域區(qu)(qu)內河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)屬珠江(jiang)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi),有(you)(you)大(da)小河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)10余(yu)條且(qie)以山(shan)溪(xi)性(xing)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),東江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)位于東部,主(zhu)要有(you)(you)觀(guan)瀾河(he)(he);珠江(jiang)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)位于西(xi)(xi)部,主(zhu)要有(you)(you)西(xi)(xi)鄉河(he)(he)、九圍河(he)(he)、三支渠(qu)。區(qu)(qu)內已建有(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)、小型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)數(shu)十座,其中(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)有(you)(you)三座,分(fen)別是(shi)羅田水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku):集(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)積20km2,總(zong)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)容(rong)2600萬(wan)m3;石(shi)巖水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku):集(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)積44km2,總(zong)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)容(rong)3180m3;鐵崗水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku):控制集(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)積64km2,總(zong)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)容(rong)8010萬(wan)m3。氣候情況(kuang)(kuang):寶(bao)安區(qu)(qu)屬亞熱帶(dai)海洋(yang)性(xing)氣候,日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)充(chong)足,雨(yu)量充(chong)沛(pei),溫(wen)差振幅小,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)22.℃,7月(yue)(yue)份(fen)最(zui)高氣溫(wen)35°C,1月(yue)(yue)份(fen)最(zui)冷(leng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)5°C,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)降雨(yu)量1450毫米,且(qie)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)在4-9月(yue)(yue)份(fen);年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)2134.2小時(shi),2-3月(yue)(yue)份(fen)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)最(zui)少(shao),7月(yue)(yue)份(fen)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)最(zui)多(duo)。每年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)至翌(yi)年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)(yue)低(di)溫(wen)、少(shao)雨(yu),有(you)(you)利(li)于荔枝開花結果(guo);7-10月(yue)(yue)溫(wen)高多(duo)雨(yu),有(you)(you)利(li)于荔枝梢生長。
外在感官特征:黃(huang)田荔枝(zhi)品種較多(duo),主要(yao)以(yi)桂味(wei)和糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)糍為(wei)主。桂味(wei)荔枝(zhi):果(guo)(guo)(guo)實成(cheng)熟期6月(yue)中下旬。果(guo)(guo)(guo)實鮮(xian)紅色(se)或鮮(xian)紅帶墨綠(lv)色(se)塊,中等大(da),單果(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)≥16.0克,果(guo)(guo)(guo)近(jin)似圓(yuan)(yuan)形,果(guo)(guo)(guo)頂(ding)渾(hun)(hun)圓(yuan)(yuan),果(guo)(guo)(guo)肩平,龜(gui)裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)凸(tu)起(qi),裂(lie)紋明(ming)顯,裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)峰銳尖,稍(shao)刺手,縫(feng)合(he)(he)線(xian)明(ming)顯。果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)乳白色(se),質(zhi)厚實,爽脆清甜,有桂花香味(wei),核小(xiao),多(duo)退化。糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)糍荔枝(zhi):果(guo)(guo)(guo)實成(cheng)熟期6月(yue)中下旬。果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮鮮(xian)紅色(se),較大(da),單果(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)≥20.0克,果(guo)(guo)(guo)扁(bian)心形,果(guo)(guo)(guo)頂(ding)渾(hun)(hun)圓(yuan)(yuan),果(guo)(guo)(guo)肩一邊隆(long)起(qi),果(guo)(guo)(guo)梗(geng)粗,斜生與果(guo)(guo)(guo)肩成(cheng)約45度斜角,龜(gui)裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)大(da),微(wei)隆(long),裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)峰平滑,縫(feng)合(he)(he)線(xian)明(ming)顯,表面比較平滑。果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)半(ban)透明(ming)肉(rou)軟滑細嫩,多(duo)汁,味(wei)濃(nong)甜,微(wei)香。內在品質(zhi)指標(biao)(biao):黃(huang)田荔枝(zhi)營(ying)養價值(zhi)豐富。桂味(wei)可(ke)食(shi)率≥73%,可(ke)溶性固(gu)形物≥19%,100g果(guo)(guo)(guo)汁含(han)維生素C≥18mg,可(ke)滴定(ding)酸(suan)度≤1.4g/kg;糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)糍可(ke)食(shi)率≥81%,可(ke)溶性固(gu)形物≥17%,100g果(guo)(guo)(guo)汁含(han)維生素C≥17mg,可(ke)滴定(ding)酸(suan)度≤1.45g/kg。安全(quan)要(yao)求:產地環境、投入(ru)品使用和產品質(zhi)量均符(fu)合(he)(he)國家(jia)相關標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)要(yao)求。