2018年(nian)9月29日,中華人民共和國農(nong)業農(nong)村(cun)部正式批準對(dui)“黃田(tian)荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)”實施國家農(nong)產(chan)品地理標志登記保護。荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)是著名的嶺(ling)南四大佳果之一,色香味皆美,堪(kan)稱“果王”。黃田(tian)荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)的范圍主要是在寶安區。“黃田(tian)荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)”深圳市寶安區種植荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)最(zui)初(chu)在主產(chan)區黃田(tian)開(kai)始(shi)了種植,而且品質(zhi)好(hao)、規模(mo)大,對(dui)外影響力(li)大,所以(yi)外界(jie)稱“黃田(tian)荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)”。
黃(huang)田(tian)(tian)荔枝產于廣東(dong)(dong)(dong)省深圳市西(xi)北部寶(bao)安區(qu),南(nan)接(jie)深圳經濟特(te)區(qu),北連東(dong)(dong)(dong)莞市,東(dong)(dong)(dong)瀕大鵬灣(wan),臨望香港新(xin)界、元朗(lang),地域保護范圍覆蓋整個寶(bao)安區(qu)航城街(jie)道(dao)的黃(huang)田(tian)(tian)、鐘屋(wu)、后瑞、草圍、九圍、三(san)圍、鶴洲、利錦、黃(huang)麻布(bu)等(deng)9個社區(qu)(居(ju)民委(wei)員會),地理位置地理坐標為東(dong)(dong)(dong)經113°49′36″-113°54′50″,北緯22°33′28″~22°41′40″。現種植面積175公頃(qing),年產量500噸。
地(di)形地(di)貌情況(kuang):產區寶(bao)安區地(di)形較為(wei)(wei)復雜,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)低(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、丘(qiu)陵、臺地(di)和(he)平(ping)原,最(zui)高海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)為(wei)(wei)寶(bao)安區大(da)茅山(shan)(shan)(shan)377米。地(di)勢東(dong)北(bei)(bei)高西(xi)(xi)南低(di)(di),東(dong)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)低(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan),中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)及北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)丘(qiu)陵臺地(di),西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)沖積(ji)平(ping)原,并殘存(cun)一些低(di)(di)丘(qiu),而(er)西(xi)(xi)南海(hai)(hai)岸(an)多為(wei)(wei)泥岸(an),灘涂資源(yuan)豐富(fu)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)屬蓮花山(shan)(shan)(shan)系(xi),由羊(yang)臺山(shan)(shan)(shan)、鳳凰(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)等構(gou)成海(hai)(hai)岸(an)屏(ping)障。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)條(tiao)件:產區土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)以(yi)微(wei)酸性的沙質(zhi)紅壤(rang)(rang)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),土(tu)層(ceng)深厚疏松、透氣性能好(hao),保(bao)水(shui)(shui)保(bao)肥力(li)(li)強,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)pH 5.5~6.5。有(you)(you)(you)機質(zhi)和(he)礦物元素豐富(fu),有(you)(you)(you)機質(zhi)含量1%,富(fu)含腐(fu)殖質(zhi),排水(shui)(shui)良好(hao)的微(wei)酸性土(tu)。水(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang):全區面積(ji)93平(ping)方公(gong)里,海(hai)(hai)岸(an)線長(chang)8.71公(gong)里。轄區內水(shui)(shui)力(li)(li)資源(yuan)豐富(fu),以(yi)海(hai)(hai)岸(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)為(wei)(wei)分(fen)水(shui)(shui)嶺,可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)東(dong)江水(shui)(shui)系(xi)和(he)珠(zhu)江口水(shui)(shui)系(xi)。域區內河(he)流屬珠(zhu)江口水(shui)(shui)系(xi),有(you)(you)(you)大(da)小河(he)流10余條(tiao)且以(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)溪性河(he)流為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),東(dong)江水(shui)(shui)系(xi)位(wei)于(yu)東(dong)部(bu)(bu),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)(you)(you)觀瀾河(he);珠(zhu)江口水(shui)(shui)系(xi)位(wei)于(yu)西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)(you)(you)西(xi)(xi)鄉河(he)、九圍河(he)、三支(zhi)渠(qu)。區內已(yi)建有(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)、小型水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)數十座,其中(zhong)中(zhong)型水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)有(you)(you)(you)三座,分(fen)別(bie)是(shi)羅田水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku):集水(shui)(shui)面積(ji)20km2,總庫(ku)(ku)容(rong)(rong)2600萬(wan)m3;石巖(yan)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku):集水(shui)(shui)面積(ji)44km2,總庫(ku)(ku)容(rong)(rong)3180m3;鐵(tie)崗水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku):控制集水(shui)(shui)面積(ji)64km2,總庫(ku)(ku)容(rong)(rong)8010萬(wan)m3。氣候情況(kuang):寶(bao)安區屬亞熱帶海(hai)(hai)洋性氣候,日(ri)照(zhao)充足,雨量充沛,溫(wen)差振幅小,年(nian)平(ping)均氣溫(wen)22.℃,7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)最(zui)高氣溫(wen)35°C,1月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)最(zui)冷為(wei)(wei)5°C,年(nian)平(ping)均降雨量1450毫米,且集中(zhong)在4-9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen);年(nian)平(ping)均日(ri)照(zhao)時數2134.2小時,2-3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)日(ri)照(zhao)最(zui)少(shao),7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)日(ri)照(zhao)最(zui)多。每(mei)年(nian)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)至翌年(nian)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)低(di)(di)溫(wen)、少(shao)雨,有(you)(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)荔枝開花結果(guo);7-10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)溫(wen)高多雨,有(you)(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)荔枝梢生(sheng)長(chang)。
外在感官特征(zheng):黃田荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)品(pin)(pin)種較多,主要以桂(gui)味和糯米糍(ci)為主。桂(gui)味荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi):果(guo)(guo)實(shi)成熟期6月(yue)(yue)中下(xia)旬。果(guo)(guo)實(shi)鮮(xian)紅色(se)或(huo)鮮(xian)紅帶(dai)墨綠色(se)塊,中等大,單果(guo)(guo)重(zhong)≥16.0克,果(guo)(guo)近似圓(yuan)形(xing),果(guo)(guo)頂渾圓(yuan),果(guo)(guo)肩(jian)平,龜(gui)裂片(pian)(pian)凸起(qi),裂紋明(ming)顯(xian),裂片(pian)(pian)峰(feng)銳尖,稍刺手,縫合(he)線(xian)明(ming)顯(xian)。果(guo)(guo)肉(rou)乳白色(se),質(zhi)(zhi)厚實(shi),爽脆(cui)清甜,有桂(gui)花香味,核小,多退(tui)化。糯米糍(ci)荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi):果(guo)(guo)實(shi)成熟期6月(yue)(yue)中下(xia)旬。果(guo)(guo)皮鮮(xian)紅色(se),較大,單果(guo)(guo)重(zhong)≥20.0克,果(guo)(guo)扁心形(xing),果(guo)(guo)頂渾圓(yuan),果(guo)(guo)肩(jian)一(yi)邊隆(long)(long)起(qi),果(guo)(guo)梗粗,斜(xie)生與果(guo)(guo)肩(jian)成約45度(du)斜(xie)角,龜(gui)裂片(pian)(pian)大,微(wei)(wei)隆(long)(long),裂片(pian)(pian)峰(feng)平滑,縫合(he)線(xian)明(ming)顯(xian),表面比較平滑。果(guo)(guo)肉(rou)半(ban)透明(ming)肉(rou)軟滑細(xi)嫩,多汁(zhi),味濃甜,微(wei)(wei)香。內在品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)指標(biao)(biao):黃田荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)營養(yang)價值豐富。桂(gui)味可(ke)食率(lv)≥73%,可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)性固形(xing)物≥19%,100g果(guo)(guo)汁(zhi)含維(wei)生素(su)C≥18mg,可(ke)滴定酸度(du)≤1.4g/kg;糯米糍(ci)可(ke)食率(lv)≥81%,可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)性固形(xing)物≥17%,100g果(guo)(guo)汁(zhi)含維(wei)生素(su)C≥17mg,可(ke)滴定酸度(du)≤1.45g/kg。安全(quan)要求:產地環境(jing)、投入(ru)品(pin)(pin)使(shi)用和產品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量均符合(he)國家相關(guan)標(biao)(biao)準要求。