《借(jie)(jie)東(dong)(dong)風(feng)(feng)》是京劇(ju)傳統(tong)(tong)經典劇(ju)目,敘(xu)述:曹(cao)(cao)操伐吳,兵扎長江。龐統(tong)(tong)獻連環計(ji),誘曹(cao)(cao)操釘鎖戰船,以利火攻,曹(cao)(cao)操中(zhong)計(ji)。然時值隆(long)冬,獨(du)缺東(dong)(dong)風(feng)(feng),難(nan)將火勢引向(xiang)曹(cao)(cao)營,周(zhou)瑜因之(zhi)憂(you)思(si)成病(bing)。諸葛亮料定甲子日(ri)東(dong)(dong)風(feng)(feng)必降,因借(jie)(jie)探病(bing)之(zhi)機向(xiang)周(zhou)瑜建言(yan),自稱(cheng)能借(jie)(jie)得東(dong)(dong)風(feng)(feng)。周(zhou)瑜為其在南屏(ping)山搭筑壇臺(tai),諸葛亮登臺(tai)“作(zuo)法(fa)”,東(dong)(dong)風(feng)(feng)果(guo)然如(ru)期而至。周(zhou)瑜嫉其能,遣將追殺,諸葛亮早(zao)有防備,在趙云接應下(xia)返(fan)回夏口。
京(jing)劇《借東風》取材于(yu)(yu)古典小說(shuo)《三(san)國演(yan)義(yi)》,是繼“群(qun)英會(hui)(hui)”蔣干盜書(shu),黃蓋(gai)詐降曹(cao)營(ying),龐(pang)統勸(quan)說(shuo)曹(cao)操連鎖戰船,“欲破曹(cao)兵,須用火攻;萬事俱備,只欠東風。”條件下(xia),孔(kong)明(ming)在南(nan)屏(ping)山(shan)筑臺祭(ji)風。然(ran)周瑜忌材,埋伏將士(shi),欲害孔(kong)明(ming)。孔(kong)明(ming)見東風一(yi)起,悄(qiao)然(ran)來到江邊,與(yu)奉命(ming)準(zhun)備的趙子龍相見,回轉夏(xia)口。京(jing)劇《借東風》是一(yi)出老生唱工(gong)戲,是馬連良的代(dai)表作,由于(yu)(yu)有“蔣干盜書(shu)”、“黃蓋(gai)詐降”等鋪墊,常(chang)與(yu)《群(qun)英會(hui)(hui)》一(yi)起演(yan)出,也可以單(dan)獨(du)演(yan)出。
“群(qun)英會”蔣干盜書(shu),中(zhong)了(le)周(zhou)瑜借刀之計(ji),曹操(cao)錯斬(zhan)了(le)蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)瑁、張允。曹操(cao)悔恨之余,派蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)瑁之弟蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)中(zhong)、蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)和來詐(zha)降,周(zhou)瑜已發(fa)現(xian)其詐(zha),遂(sui)將計(ji)就計(ji),把(ba)二人留(liu)下(xia)。
瑜(yu)(yu)(yu)并(bing)與(yu)東吳老將黃(huang)蓋(gai)定(ding)(ding)下詐曹(cao)(cao)營(ying)(ying)的(de)苦(ku)肉計。孔(kong)明借(jie)箭回營(ying)(ying),周(zhou)瑜(yu)(yu)(yu)設(she)宴(yan)慶賀。席(xi)間談(tan)論軍事(shi),黃(huang)蓋(gai)故(gu)意(yi)堅主降(jiang)曹(cao)(cao);周(zhou)瑜(yu)(yu)(yu)佯裝大怒(nu),責打黃(huang)蓋(gai)。黃(huang)蓋(gai)被打后,請大夫闞(kan)澤(ze)去(qu)曹(cao)(cao)營(ying)(ying)下詐降(jiang)書。曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)發覺信中有詐,欲殺(sha)闞(kan)澤(ze)。但(dan)闞(kan)澤(ze)機(ji)智鎮定(ding)(ding),從容對(dui)答。這時,蔡中、蔡和將周(zhou)瑜(yu)(yu)(yu)打黃(huang)蓋(gai)的(de)消息密報與(yu)曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)。操(cao)遂允(yun)許黃(huang)蓋(gai)投(tou)降(jiang),但(dan)仍(reng)不放(fang)心,故(gu)命蔣干再次過江(jiang),打聽(ting)實(shi)信。周(zhou)瑜(yu)(yu)(yu)與(yu)孔(kong)明早(zao)已(yi)決定(ding)(ding)用火攻曹(cao)(cao)營(ying)(ying),現聞蔣干又(you)來(lai),急召龐(pang)(pang)統(tong)定(ding)(ding)下連環(huan)計。蔣干一(yi)到(dao)周(zhou)營(ying)(ying),便被周(zhou)瑜(yu)(yu)(yu)發往西山茅(mao)庵(an)。他夜間出門閑游,遇見龐(pang)(pang)統(tong)。統(tong)故(gu)意(yi)說(shuo)周(zhou)瑜(yu)(yu)(yu)不能容人,蔣干勸說(shuo)龐(pang)(pang)統(tong)歸(gui)曹(cao)(cao)。二人連夜潛(qian)回江(jiang)北。
龐統勸曹(cao)操將(jiang)滿江(jiang)戰(zhan)船(chuan),一列(lie)列(lie)地連(lian)鎖(suo)(suo)起來,以(yi)便不慣乘船(chuan)的北(bei)軍(jun)也(ye)能水戰(zhan),操大喜。戰(zhan)船(chuan)釘鎖(suo)(suo)已畢(bi),曹(cao)操以(yi)為此番順流(liu)而下,必(bi)滅東吳。在江(jiang)中(zhong)大宴諸將(jiang)。時(shi)(shi)月上東山,將(jiang)士云集,曹(cao)操顧盼(pan)自雄(xiong),橫(heng)槊賦詩。周瑜(yu)見(jian)曹(cao)操中(zhong)連(lian)環計,江(jiang)臺(tai)觀(guan)望,十分(fen)得意,也(ye)以(yi)為此番必(bi)可破曹(cao)了。不料一陣西北(bei)風將(jiang)他驚醒(xing),吳軍(jun)位于東南,曹(cao)軍(jun)位于西北(bei),這時(shi)(shi)候若用火攻,必(bi)燒自己而不能破敵,遂憂慮成疾(ji)。
魯肅(su)見主帥(shuai)臥病(bing)(bing),求(qiu)計于孔(kong)明。孔(kong)明偽言自己(ji)會醫病(bing)(bing),寫(xie)了(le)一張“病(bing)(bing)源”給周(zhou)瑜,“欲破曹兵,須用火攻;萬事俱(ju)備,只欠(qian)東風(feng)。”周(zhou)瑜一看,病(bing)(bing)體豁然而愈(yu)。
孔(kong)明自言(yan)能(neng)把東(dong)風(feng)借來。請(qing)周瑜(yu)為他在南屏山筑臺祭(ji)風(feng)。至甲(jia)子(zi)日(ri),東(dong)風(feng)果(guo)然大(da)(da)作。周瑜(yu)原已派將士(shi)埋伏山后(hou),單等東(dong)風(feng)一起(qi),就(jiu)將孔(kong)明殺死。可是(shi)孔(kong)明見東(dong)風(feng)一起(qi),卻悄(qiao)(qiao)悄(qiao)(qiao)地逃(tao)到江(jiang)邊,那里早有大(da)(da)將趙子(zi)龍(long)奉(feng)命備好(hao)船只,迎候(hou)孔(kong)明回轉夏口。