玉皇(huang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)石窟上(shang)層為(wei)玉皇(huang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),人間(jian)(jian)層有(you)玉金洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、毫筆(bi)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、墨池洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、虎龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、雄獅(shi)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、孔圣洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),地府(fu)為(wei)因果洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),八洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)組成一個完整(zheng)的(de)(de)混(hun)沌世界。居八洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)之首的(de)(de)玉皇(huang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),雕有(you)玉皇(huang)大(da)帝神(shen)像,意(yi)為(wei)“天堂”至尊,統(tong)(tong)帥中層的(de)(de)“人間(jian)(jian)”和下層的(de)(de)“地府(fu)”,故八洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)統(tong)(tong)稱玉皇(huang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。此洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)于(yu)1799年(nian)(nian)動工,到(dao)1807年(nian)(nian)完成,歷時(shi)八年(nian)(nian)。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內雕鑿了(le)一些歷史人物的(de)(de)神(shen)像以及大(da)量詩詞匾對,不僅石雕精湛獨特,雕像神(shen)韻生(sheng)動,書(shu)法遒勁大(da)氣(qi),而且在石窟藝(yi)術的(de)(de)主題構思(si)上(shang),抒(shu)發了(le)主持捐修(xiu)者李京開懷才(cai)不遇、憤世嫉俗、向往太(tai)平盛世的(de)(de)情感,鞭撻了(le)腐朽的(de)(de)科舉制(zhi)度(du),對于(yu)研究(jiu)清代社會(hui)和科舉制(zhi)度(du),以及當(dang)時(shi)一般讀書(shu)人的(de)(de)思(si)想情感,都具有(you)一定的(de)(de)史料價值。整(zheng)座洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)窟東西長300余米,現存(cun)石像19尊,石刻50多處,是(shi)我省(sheng)唯一保(bao)存(cun)完好的(de)(de)石窟藝(yi)術群(qun),1959年(nian)(nian)玉皇(huang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)被列入(ru)湖(hu)南省(sheng)重點文物保(bao)護單位。
玉金洞(dong)又(you)叫土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)洞(dong),此洞(dong)于嘉慶(qing)十二(er)年(1807年)建成。請(qing)大家(jia)抬頭看,石壁上端坐的(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)(shi)人(ren)人(ren)皆知(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)神(shen)(shen)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)神(shen)(shen)是(shi)(shi)古代傳說中管理一個地(di)(di)(di)面的(de)(de)(de)神(shen)(shen),有關人(ren)世間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)(xiu)屋建房(fang)、挖土(tu)(tu)(tu)鑿石工程,都(dou)是(shi)(shi)他的(de)(de)(de)職權(quan)范圍。傳說中的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)神(shen)(shen)有天門土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)、地(di)(di)(di)府土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)、街坊(fang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)、橋梁土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)以及(ji)(ji)山神(shen)(shen)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)等。我(wo)們都(dou)知(zhi)道(dao),土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)是(shi)(shi)整個人(ren)類以及(ji)(ji)世間(jian)萬物賴以生存的(de)(de)(de)載體,也是(shi)(shi)一切生命之源,按照過去(qu)的(de)(de)(de)風俗,凡動土(tu)(tu)(tu),必(bi)擇吉日,以免犯煞;每逢(feng)大年三十吃團年飯之前,各(ge)(ge)(ge)家(jia)各(ge)(ge)(ge)戶都(dou)要拿著香紙,端上豬頭,在各(ge)(ge)(ge)自的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)廟前祭祀,感(gan)謝(xie)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)賜予,祈(qi)求來(lai)年的(de)(de)(de)豐收。李京開(kai)先生也在各(ge)(ge)(ge)洞(dong)修(xiu)(xiu)成之后,立此土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)神(shen)(shen)以謝(xie)之。
毫筆洞又(you)(you)叫魁星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)洞。這副雕像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)內容是(shi)“魁星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)點斗(dou),獨占鰲(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)”。你看(kan)那魁星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)足(zu)有八(ba)尺多高,它(ta)赤(chi)足(zu)袒胸,腳踏鰲(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)頭(tou)(tou)(tou),左手握拳,右手舉筆,昂(ang)著仰望,飄(piao)然有騰云駕霧、直飛(fei)北(bei)上(shang)之勢。而(er)他腳下(xia)的(de)(de)鰲(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)魚(yu)(yu)則鱗(lin)斑迭迭有致(zhi),魚(yu)(yu)翅翩(pian)翩(pian)欲飛(fei),形象生(sheng)動,栩栩如生(sheng)。大(da)家也(ye)許要問,為(wei)(wei)什(shen)么魁星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)模樣人(ren)不像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)鬼不像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鬼?站(zhan)在鰲(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)魚(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)上(shang)是(shi)什(shen)么意(yi)思(si)?大(da)家知(zhi)道,魁星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)北(bei)斗(dou)七(qi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)中前四顆(ke)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)總稱,又(you)(you)稱奎宿(su)。在中國古代神(shen)話中,魁星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)主宰文章興(xing)衰的(de)(de)神(shen),明清之際的(de)(de)大(da)學(xue)者顧炎武認(ren)為(wei)(wei)神(shen)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不能(neng)(neng)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)“奎”而(er)改“奎”為(wei)(wei)“魁”,又(you)(you)不能(neng)(neng)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)魁,而(er)取之字(zi)(zi)形,為(wei)(wei)鬼舉足(zu)而(er)起其(qi)斗(dou)。故(gu)魁星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)神(shen)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)部(bu)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鬼,一腳向后翹(qiao)起,如“魁”字(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)在彎鉤;一手捧(peng)斗(dou),如“魁”字(zi)(zi)中間的(de)(de)“斗(dou)”字(zi)(zi),一手執筆,意(yi)思(si)是(shi)用筆點定中試(shi)人(ren)的(de)(de)姓(xing)名。鰲(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)頭(tou)(tou)(tou),我(wo)國唐宋時(shi)期(qi)皇(huang)帝殿前陛階上(shang)鐫刻有巨大(da)的(de)(de)鰲(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)魚(yu)(yu),凡翰林學(xue)士、狀元和承(cheng)旨官朝見皇(huang)帝時(shi)立于(yu)陛階正中的(de)(de)鰲(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)上(shang),故(gu)稱入翰林院為(wei)(wei)“上(shang)鰲(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)”。這就是(shi)“魁星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)點斗(dou),獨占鰲(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)”的(de)(de)由來。
兩(liang)邊(bian)“毫毛拔到南天月,筆陣(zhen)追(zhui)回北(bei)斗星”的(de)對聯和上面“洞(dong)放(fang)青云”的(de)匾額。這是李(li)京開先生隱喻(yu)自(zi)己才(cai)華(hua)過(guo)人,有(you)應試奪魁(kui)、獨占鰲(ao)頭之(zhi)凌云壯志,可惜(xi)當(dang)時(shi)不合理(li)的(de)科舉制(zhi)度埋沒了他(ta)的(de)才(cai)華(hua),他(ta)只好在(zai)這些洞(dong)里施展,所(suo)以在(zai)洞(dong)口題寫“洞(dong)放(fang)青云”的(de)巨大匾額以表情懷。
洞壁正中上方有(you)一(yi)(yi)尊(zun)石(shi)像,這(zhe)就是(shi)被古今建筑(zhu)木工(gong)尊(zun)為祖(zu)師(shi)的魯班(ban)。楹聯是(shi)“毫厘不外規矩(ju),筆(bi)墨深藏準(zhun)繩(sheng)”,匾(bian)額寫著“方圓(yuan)至也(ye)(ye)”。表面看來是(shi)稱贊(zan)魯班(ban)工(gong)藝(yi)之所(suo)以精美高(gao)超,并為人(ren)們所(suo)尊(zun)崇,是(shi)因為他按一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的準(zhun)繩(sheng)尺度云辦(ban)事,實(shi)際上李京開先生巧妙借喻(yu),抨擊當時的科考取錄不能(neng)像魯班(ban)那樣堅持(chi)嚴格的規矩(ju)和遵循(xun)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的準(zhun)繩(sheng),致使(shi)有(you)真才實(shi)學的人(ren)不能(neng)金榜題名,得到重用,進而感(gan)嘆“不以規矩(ju)不能(neng)成方圓(yuan)”也(ye)(ye)。
墨池洞(dong)(dong)又叫(jiao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)洞(dong)(dong),建成于嘉慶五年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1800年(nian))。洞(dong)(dong)里塑像為(wei)晉(jin)代張亞(ya)(ya)(ya)子(zi)的(de)(de)像,上面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)匾額有(you)“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學赤膽”四個字。相傳張亞(ya)(ya)(ya)子(zi)在晉(jin)做官,為(wei)人(ren)清正(zheng),忠心赤膽,文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)武全(quan)才,為(wei)中國神話中主宰功(gong)(gong)名(ming)(ming)祿(lu)(lu)位(wei)的(de)(de)神,舊時(shi)多為(wei)讀(du)書人(ren)所祭祀(si)。元(yuan)(yuan)仁(ren)宗(zong)延祐三年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1316年(nian))將(jiang)梓(zi)潼(東漢、西晉(jin)時(shi)地名(ming)(ming))帝(di)(di)君(jun)張亞(ya)(ya)(ya)子(zi)封為(wei)“輔文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)開化文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)司祿(lu)(lu)宏(hong)仁(ren)帝(di)(di)君(jun)”,以(yi)后便合二為(wei)一(yi)稱“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)帝(di)(di)君(jun)”,掌(zhang)管人(ren)間(jian)功(gong)(gong)名(ming)(ming)祿(lu)(lu)位(wei)。李京開塑此歷史(shi)人(ren)物像,其用(yong)意大概在二。一(yi)是(shi)作為(wei)讀(du)書人(ren),表示(shi)自(zi)己(ji)對文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)帝(di)(di)君(jun)的(de)(de)尊(zun)崇與(yu)紀念(nian);二是(shi)憧憬(jing)當時(shi)能(neng)有(you)象文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)帝(di)(di)君(jun)這樣的(de)(de)人(ren)掌(zhang)管科考祿(lu)(lu)位(wei),讓那些(xie)真(zhen)才實(shi)學的(de)(de)讀(du)書人(ren)有(you)顯露自(zi)己(ji)才華并(bing)得到(dao)重用(yong)的(de)(de)機會。然而這一(yi)切(qie)都是(shi)幻想文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)不復再世,功(gong)(gong)名(ming)(ming)也完全(quan)無望。他在文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)帝(di)(di)君(jun)石像兩側題聯嘆息(xi):“淡墨題名(ming)(ming)固是(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)章蓋世,丹池變(bian)化無非祖德(de)驚(jing)天”。一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)炫耀自(zi)己(ji)才華出(chu)眾(zhong),另一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)又自(zi)我解嘲,認為(wei)屢試不第是(shi)因為(wei)沒有(you)驚(jing)天的(de)(de)祖德(de)。
為什么石壁(bi)上(shang)有幾(ji)副對(dui)聯只刻(ke)上(shang)聯而沒(mei)有下(xia)聯,磨平的石碑上(shang)也不刻(ke)詩文?不知是李京開(kai)先生當時思(si)盡(jin)才(cai)竭還是有意戲考后輩?您如(ru)果詩興(xing)大(da)發的話(hua),能不能賦詩答對(dui),續寫下(xia)聯,留下(xia)自己的感慨(kai)呢?
雷電(dian)洞,洞名雷電(dian),是指玉(yu)(yu)帝(di)以雷鳴閃電(dian)代言。您(nin)看,那(nei)位頭戴金(jin)冠、身(shen)穿龍袍的(de)就(jiu)是主宰乾(qian)坤(kun)世界(jie)的(de)玉(yu)(yu)皇大(da)帝(di)。他手持乾(qian)坤(kun)帶,神態威然(ran),端坐正中(zhong)。周(zhou)圍有(you)青藤綠樹,奇花異草。有(you)時(shi)云霧(wu)繚繞,紫(zi)氣(qi)升騰,站在上(shang)面(mian),俯瞰人(ren)間,看那(nei)田園(yuan)村(cun)莊,錯落有(you)致;道路縱橫,人(ren)來車(che)往;如置身(shen)于幻境之中(zhong),有(you)飄(piao)然(ran)登天之感,仿佛一下子(zi)由凡夫俗子(zi)變成(cheng)了仙風(feng)道骨。
虎龍洞(dong)成(cheng)于(yu)(yu)嘉慶七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1802年(nian)(nian)(nian)),洞(dong)里(li)塑(su)有(you)上(shang)古時(shi)間中國最古老的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四個(ge)歷史人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)物唐堯(yao)(yao)、虞舜(shun)(shun)(shun)、后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)和(he)皋陶(tao)。在(zai)“巍巍蕩(dang)(dang)蕩(dang)(dang)”匾(bian)額下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)唐堯(yao)(yao)。傳(chuan)說(shuo)他(ta)(ta)是(shi)(shi)父系氏(shi)族(zu)社(she)會后(hou)(hou)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部落聯盟領袖(xiu),歷史上(shang)稱為唐堯(yao)(yao)。他(ta)(ta)曾設官吏掌管(guan)時(shi)令,制(zhi)定歷法(fa)(fa)(fa)。唐堯(yao)(yao)為人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)賢(xian)(xian)德(de),因他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)丹朱不(bu)肖(xiao),他(ta)(ta)不(bu)愿(yuan)兒子(zi)(zi)作(zuo)(zuo)自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接班人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)廣泛征求天下民(min)(min)眾意(yi)見,推選(xuan)出舜(shun)(shun)(shun)為其接班人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。堯(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)舜(shun)(shun)(shun)進行三年(nian)(nian)(nian)考核以(yi)后(hou)(hou),便讓舜(shun)(shun)(shun)接任職務,行使權力。唐堯(yao)(yao)去(qu)世(shi)后(hou)(hou),百姓哀痛不(bu)已,如喪考妣。在(zai)“遍地(di)書(shu)香”匾(bian)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)虞舜(shun)(shun)(shun),姓姚,有(you)虞氏(shi),名(ming)重(zhong)華(hua),歷史上(shang)稱虞舜(shun)(shun)(shun)。舜(shun)(shun)(shun)繼位也效法(fa)(fa)(fa)堯(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)榜樣,廣泛聽取人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)意(yi)見,挑選(xuan)賢(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)治(zhi)(zhi)理民(min)(min)事,選(xuan)拔(ba)治(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)有(you)功的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)禹(yu)為接班人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。據說(shuo)后(hou)(hou)來(lai)被禹(yu)所放逐(zhu),死在(zai)南方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒼梧(wu)。在(zai)“高天粟滿”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匾(bian)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑(su)像是(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji),他(ta)(ta)是(shi)(shi)古代(dai)(dai)周族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)始祖,關于(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)植各種(zhong)(zhong)糧食(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)物,曾經在(zai)堯(yao)(yao)舜(shun)(shun)(shun)時(shi)代(dai)(dai)做過農(nong)官,教民(min)(min)耕種(zhong)(zhong)。他(ta)(ta)發明種(zhong)(zhong)麥種(zhong)(zhong)稷(ji)(ji),他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功績在(zai)于(yu)(yu)使中國從古代(dai)(dai)游(you)牧生(sheng)活轉向定居的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)業生(sheng)活,具有(you)劃時(shi)代(dai)(dai)意(yi)義。在(zai)“靜靜安(an)(an)安(an)(an)”匾(bian)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)刻(ke)像是(shi)(shi)皋陶(tao),他(ta)(ta)也是(shi)(shi)舜(shun)(shun)(shun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臣子(zi)(zi)。大(da)(da)禹(yu)繼承(cheng)(cheng)舜(shun)(shun)(shun)帝位以(yi)后(hou)(hou),皋陶(tao)被選(xuan)為禹(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繼承(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。皋陶(tao)死,禹(yu)又推舉(ju)皋陶(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)伯益作(zuo)(zuo)繼承(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。后(hou)(hou)來(lai)禹(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)奪(duo)伯益之位而自立,禪讓制(zhi)度(du)從此結(jie)束。傳(chuan)說(shuo)皋陶(tao)在(zai)舜(shun)(shun)(shun)時(shi)主管(guan)刑(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)典獄(yu)之事,相(xiang)當現(xian)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)部長。李京開先生(sheng)在(zai)洞(dong)里(li)雕鑿我國古代(dai)(dai)四大(da)(da)賢(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)像是(shi)(shi)什(shen)么(me)意(yi)思(si)呢?研(yan)究(jiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)考證分析,除了(le)對(dui)(dui)他(ta)(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)崇敬與追念,還借以(yi)表達李先生(sheng)本人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對(dui)(dui)太平(ping)盛世(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)向往。他(ta)(ta)希(xi)望(wang)有(you)一(yi)個(ge)像唐堯(yao)(yao)那(nei)樣賢(xian)(xian)德(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君王(wang)掌管(guan)國家大(da)(da)事,并(bing)且(qie)帝位不(bu)傳(chuan)給(gei)不(bu)肖(xiao)子(zi)(zi)孫,而讓與賢(xian)(xian)德(de)之人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),于(yu)(yu)國于(yu)(yu)民(min)(min),恩德(de)浩蕩(dang)(dang);要形成(cheng)普遍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)讀書(shu)風氣,遍地(di)書(shu)香,使人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們思(si)想開化(hua),通曉(xiao)事理,象虞舜(shun)(shun)(shun)那(nei)樣品德(de)高尚、才華(hua)出眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)能選(xuan)拔(ba)重(zhong)用(yong),為人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)建(jian)立功勛;要有(you)一(yi)個(ge)像后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)那(nei)樣富于(yu)(yu)創(chuang)造(zao)、大(da)(da)有(you)作(zuo)(zuo)為的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)主管(guan)農(nong)業,以(yi)致“高天粟滿”,年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)五谷(gu)豐登;要有(you)一(yi)個(ge)象皋陶(tao)那(nei)樣正直無(wu)私、執法(fa)(fa)(fa)森嚴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)管(guan)理治(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)、刑(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa),讓人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們遵(zun)紀守法(fa)(fa)(fa),安(an)(an)居樂業。這樣,就會出現(xian)一(yi)個(ge)“靜靜安(an)(an)安(an)(an)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會秩序和(he)理想世(shi)界。
玉(yu)皇洞石窟臨近茅巖河漂流終點碼頭,是西線旅游景區的重要組成(cheng)部(bu)分。
麻(ma)空(kong)山又(you)名月斧山,屬(shu)咯斯(si)特(te)地貌,沿(yan)石壁頗(po)多溶洞,石窟便利(li)用這(zhe)些天然洞穴(xue)天鑿而成。
整座洞窟東(dong)西(xi)長300余米,共計8洞,分上中(zhong)下三層,現(xian)存石雕(diao)像(xiang)19尊,石刻50余處,保存較為完整,是中(zhong)國(guo)西(xi)南唯一的石窟雕(diao)刻與塑造群像(xiang),是珍貴(gui)的歷(li)史文物。
石窟上層“天堂”為雷電(dian)洞;“人(ren)間”居中,自東至西依(yi)次排列為玉(yu)金、毫筆、墨池(chi)、虎龍、獅子、孔(kong)圣六洞;下怪為因果洞,即所謂“地府”。
從“天堂”到“人(ren)間”,自“人(ren)間”至“地府”,上下三層距離分別為60米和(he)70米,其(qi)間由寬不(bu)盈尺的曲徑于懸崖峭壁上相溝連,氣勢(shi)十分險峻。玉皇洞8個石(shi)窟,反映的內容十分豐(feng)富,且各具特色,雖雜而不(bu)亂(luan)。
玉皇洞石窟地(di)址(zhi):位于張家(jia)界市(shi)城西七公(gong)里的麻空山(shan)南麓(lu)
張家(jia)界火車站--玉皇(huang)洞石(shi)窟行車路線(xian):11.8 公里,22 分鐘 大庸路、228省道和109鄉(xiang)道
張家界火車站
湖(hu)南省(sheng)張家界市(shi)永定(ding)區(qu)
大庸路
1. 向東北(bei)方向
35 米
2. 在第一個路(lu)口向左轉,朝官(guan)黎路(lu)行進(jin)
200 米
3. 繼續直行進(jin)入官黎(li)路
300 米
4. 稍微向右(you)轉,進入迎賓路
240 米
5. 從環(huan)島的3出口上大庸(yong)路
經(jing)過 1 個環島
4.0 公里
6. 向左(zuo)轉,進入(ru)228省道/子午路
繼(ji)續沿228省道(dao)前(qian)行
3.5 公里
7. 稍微(wei)向左(zuo)轉,進(jin)入019縣(xian)道
1.6 公里
8. 在第一個路口向左轉,朝109鄉(xiang)道行進
1.9 公里
玉皇洞石窟
湖(hu)南省(sheng)張家界市永定(ding)區