與淺(qian)黃(huang)錦(jin)鯉同屬古老的錦(jin)鯉品種。在(zai)每(mei)片鱗上浮現(xian)出(chu)黑色(se)斑紋。若(ruo)在(zai)紅色(se)鱗片上浮現(xian)白色(se)斑紋,稱為(wei)白松葉(xie)錦(jin)鯉。若(ruo)在(zai)赤色(se)鱗片上出(chu)現(xian)黑色(se)斑紋,稱為(wei)赤松葉(xie)錦(jin)鯉。
“是德(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的松葉(xie)黃金鯉(li),德(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)金松葉(xie)是其(qi)別稱。背部的德(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)鱗(lin)浮現松葉(xie)狀,每一片(pian)魚鱗(lin)浮上淡(dan)淡(dan)黑色,由于魚鱗(lin)很大,一看為(wei)豪爽印象。德(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的鏡鯉(li)(spiegel katpfen)是鱗(lin)列優(you)美(mei)為(wei)首要(yao)條件,如有贅(zhui)鱗(lin)或(huo)大鱗(lin)相疊,即使(shi)光輝好,其(qi)鑒賞(shang)價值亦(yi)會(hui)降低。且說,黃金種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與德(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)比較(jiao),黃金種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之遺(yi)傳力較(jiao)強,和鯉(li)系(xi)統(日本固有的系(xi)統)與德(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)交配時,德(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特征之大鱗(lin)亦(yi)很容易(yi)消失,縱然(ran)有出現大鱗(lin)會(hui)失去色彩(cai),與肌(ji)地同色或(huo)變成(cheng)革鯉(li)(Leder Karpden)者居多。
“銀(yin)松葉(xie)”是銀(yin)(空鯉(li))加(jia)松葉(xie)之意,銀(yin)松葉(xie)之精(jing)彩處是與金松葉(xie)完全相同。頭部及(ji)背頂(ding)應(ying)以白金為(wei)(wei)基臺發出光輝,胸(xiong)鰭(qi)要(yao)如銀(yin)扇一(yi)般(ban)發光而且覆(fu)輪昏光澤要(yao)盡可能延至腹(fu)部,始可被認為(wei)(wei)是高級品(pin)。
德(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)”據(ju)傳說昭(zhao)和33年(nian)(1958)蟲龜(gui)的(de)(de)酒井(jing)富作氏(shi)(shi)(shi)創始(shi)的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種。酒井(jing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)將胸鰭發光(guang)的(de)(de)德(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)黑鯉雌性與(yu)櫪(li)尾的(de)(de)外山長治郎氏(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)出的(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)雄性鯉交配而產(chan)德(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)。本(ben)來德(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)原形是鮮濃黃(huang)(huang)(huang)色,但(dan)比照黃(huang)(huang)(huang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)鯉稱為“德(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)”了。德(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)是以鏡鯉為基本(ben),所以背部及兩腹部排列大(da)鱗為精彩之處,但(dan)在(zai)池水中,其無(wu)鱗之處特(te)別(bie)發光(guang)。另一(yi)方,魚鱗退化的(de)(de)革鯉德(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)猶如(ru)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)加工造型品(pin)(pin),但(dan)無(wu)論(lun)(lun)如(ru)何閃(shan)閃(shan)發光(guang),比之鏡鯉在(zai)品(pin)(pin)位上(shang)略(lve)遜一(yi)籌。又(you)大(da)鱗相疊的(de)(de)“鎧鯉”,無(wu)論(lun)(lun)光(guang)輝多好,仍無(wu)鑒賞(shang)價(jia)值。
黃(huang)金鯉和金魚(yu)(yu)一樣對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)的要求并不嚴格,生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)范圍為(wei)2-30攝(she)氏度(du)(du)。對環(huan)境(jing)適應性雖強,但卻有(you)不能抵抗水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)急驟變化的弱(ruo)點,如長期人工(gong)飼(si)養,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)降2-3攝(she)氏度(du)(du)時尚能忍受,溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)下降或升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高的幅度(du)(du)超過2-3攝(she)氏度(du)(du)時,魚(yu)(yu)容(rong)易(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)病(bing),溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)降幅度(du)(du)加大到(dao)(dao)7-8攝(she)氏度(du)(du)時,魚(yu)(yu)匍(pu)匐于水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)底不食(shi)不支,若溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)突變幅度(du)(du)再增大,甚至會立即死亡,最適宜生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)是(shi)20-25攝(she)氏度(du)(du),在這種溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong),錦鯉游動活(huo)躍(yue),食(shi)欲旺(wang)盛,體(ti)質(zhi)健(jian)壯,色彩鮮艷。控制到(dao)(dao)最適宜錦鯉生(sheng)(sheng)長的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),使(shi)魚(yu)(yu)能有(you)舒適環(huan)境(jing)而生(sheng)(sheng)長迅速更為(wei)理想(xiang)。黃(huang)金鯉在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)依靠鰓吸收(shou)溶于水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)的氧,將氧送(song)到(dao)(dao)魚(yu)(yu)體(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)和吸收(shou)的食(shi)物營養成分化合而產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)能量(liang)以維持生(sheng)(sheng)命,所以水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)否有(you)充(chong)足的氧是(shi)養好(hao)魚(yu)(yu)的關鍵,每千克體(ti)重每小(xiao)時所需的氧量(liang)在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)5-6攝(she)氏度(du)(du)時為(wei)35毫(hao)克/升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),由此證明水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)越(yue)高,耗(hao)氧量(liang)越(yue)大。
魚(yu)浮到水(shui)面(mian)上,說明水(shui)中(zhong)氧(yang)缺(que),它們不得(de)不從空氣(qi)中(zhong)吸(xi)收氧(yang)來唯(wei)持,雖然可以短時間維持生命(ming),一旦它們的(de)體(ti)力盡耗,它們的(de)生命(ming)也就(jiu)終止了(le)(le)。2每天(tian)給魚(yu)換水(shui),還是一天(tian)就(jiu)變(bian)渾(hun)了(le)(le),水(shui)混就(jiu)說明水(shui)質(zhi)變(bian)壞,接著微(wei)生物、病(bing)原體(ti)會大量繁(fan)殖,不僅加速了(le)(le)氧(yang)的(de)消耗,魚(yu)也會因(yin)此而得(de)病(bing)。
松(song)葉錦鯉喜歡在水(shui)體的(de)上層(ceng)活(huo)動。覓食(shi)是魚的(de)本能,它(ta)們不(bu)會(hui)因蟲大了(le)不(bu)敢去吃,也是因為(wei)水(shui)中缺(que)氧沒有食(shi)欲。
飼養(yang)是(shi)由觀(guan)(guan)察(cha)(cha)開始的,所(suo)以,日(ri)常(chang)(chang)管(guan)理中要(yao)(yao)堅持(chi)每(mei)日(ri)對(dui)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)池(chi)或魚(yu)(yu)(yu)缸(gang)進行(xing)(xing)觀(guan)(guan)察(cha)(cha)巡視。首(shou)先觀(guan)(guan)察(cha)(cha)養(yang)殖(zhi)水(shui)(shui)體的情況。注意(yi)水(shui)(shui)色(se)是(shi)否(fou)(fou)正常(chang)(chang),水(shui)(shui)是(shi)否(fou)(fou)渾濁,水(shui)(shui)面(mian)如果(guo)有死魚(yu)(yu)(yu)漂浮要(yao)(yao)及時撈出(chu)等(deng)。如果(guo)有條件最好測一下水(shui)(shui)質的各項指標(biao)是(shi)否(fou)(fou)正常(chang)(chang)。用魚(yu)(yu)(yu)缸(gang)養(yang)殖(zhi)錦(jin)鯉要(yao)(yao)特別注意(yi),因(yin)為一般魚(yu)(yu)(yu)缸(gang)的體積(ji)較(jiao)小,而錦(jin)鯉攝(she)食(shi)量(liang)較(jiao)大,排泄物(wu)較(jiao)多,如果(guo)循環過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)不完(wan)善的話,水(shui)(shui)質非常(chang)(chang)容(rong)易變壞,所(suo)以一定(ding)要(yao)(yao)保持(chi)水(shui)(shui)質的穩定(ding)。其次(ci)要(yao)(yao)觀(guan)(guan)察(cha)(cha)錦(jin)鯉的攝(she)食(shi)、游(you)動等(deng)狀況,以便決(jue)定(ding)喂食(shi)量(liang)、餌料品種等(deng)。同(tong)時,堅持(chi)做好定(ding)期換水(shui)(shui)、消毒等(deng)工作,并能及時發現(xian)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)病(bing),做到早(zao)防早(zao)治。另外(wai),每(mei)天還要(yao)(yao)對(dui)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)設備進行(xing)(xing)檢(jian)查,包(bao)括觀(guan)(guan)察(cha)(cha)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)池(chi)或魚(yu)(yu)(yu)缸(gang)有無漏水(shui)(shui)情況;水(shui)(shui)泵運(yun)轉是(shi)否(fou)(fou)正常(chang)(chang),聲(sheng)音是(shi)否(fou)(fou)正常(chang)(chang);過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)槽是(shi)否(fou)(fou)有污物(wu)堵塞(sai),影響過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)效果(guo)等(deng)。這些日(ri)常(chang)(chang)工作看似簡單,但如果(guo)疏(shu)忽很(hen)可(ke)能導致魚(yu)(yu)(yu)病(bing)的發生。因(yin)此(ci),應予(yu)以高度重視。
1、體(ti)型方面(mian)(mian),要求魚(yu)背挺直(zhi),魚(yu)體(ti)左右平衡,游(you)姿穩重端正,身體(ti)雄健有力(li)。頰的形狀(zhuang)和口位端正,無歪斜,兩(liang)端飽(bao)滿不凹(ao)陷,各鰭(qi)要對(dui)稱完(wan)整(zheng),游(you)動(dong)時要靈活(huo)。2、色(se)彩方面(mian)(mian),是(shi)黃金錦鯉最直(zhi)觀的體(ti)現,選(xuan)擇時以(yi)鮮明、艷麗、顏色(se)深厚(hou)、邊緣整(zheng)齊(qi)、光彩奪目(mu)者為上品。3、時間方面(mian)(mian),出生50天左右開始(shi)挑選(xuan)。