與淺黃(huang)錦(jin)鯉(li)同屬(shu)古(gu)老的(de)錦(jin)鯉(li)品(pin)種。在每片(pian)鱗上浮(fu)現(xian)出黑(hei)色斑(ban)紋(wen)(wen)。若(ruo)在紅色鱗片(pian)上浮(fu)現(xian)白(bai)色斑(ban)紋(wen)(wen),稱為白(bai)松(song)(song)葉錦(jin)鯉(li)。若(ruo)在赤(chi)色鱗片(pian)上出現(xian)黑(hei)色斑(ban)紋(wen)(wen),稱為赤(chi)松(song)(song)葉錦(jin)鯉(li)。
“是德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)松葉黃(huang)金鯉(li)(li),德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)金松葉是其別(bie)稱。背部(bu)的(de)德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)鱗(lin)浮(fu)現(xian)松葉狀,每一(yi)(yi)片魚鱗(lin)浮(fu)上(shang)淡(dan)(dan)淡(dan)(dan)黑色(se),由(you)于魚鱗(lin)很大,一(yi)(yi)看為豪爽印象。德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)鏡鯉(li)(li)(spiegel katpfen)是鱗(lin)列優美為首要條件,如有(you)贅鱗(lin)或(huo)大鱗(lin)相疊(die),即使光輝好,其鑒賞(shang)價值亦會降(jiang)低。且說,黃(huang)金種(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)比(bi)較,黃(huang)金種(zhong)(zhong)之遺傳(chuan)力較強,和鯉(li)(li)系統(tong)(日本(ben)固有(you)的(de)系統(tong))與(yu)德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)交(jiao)配時,德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)特征之大鱗(lin)亦很容(rong)易消失(shi),縱然有(you)出(chu)現(xian)大鱗(lin)會失(shi)去色(se)彩,與(yu)肌地同色(se)或(huo)變成革鯉(li)(li)(Leder Karpden)者(zhe)居多(duo)。
“銀(yin)松(song)(song)葉”是銀(yin)(空鯉)加松(song)(song)葉之(zhi)意,銀(yin)松(song)(song)葉之(zhi)精彩處是與金松(song)(song)葉完全相同。頭部及(ji)背頂(ding)應(ying)以白金為(wei)基臺發出(chu)光輝,胸鰭要如銀(yin)扇一(yi)般(ban)發光而且覆輪昏光澤要盡可(ke)能延至腹部,始可(ke)被認為(wei)是高級品。
德(de)國(guo)黃(huang)金(jin)”據傳說昭和33年(nian)(1958)蟲龜的(de)(de)(de)酒井(jing)富作(zuo)氏創始的(de)(de)(de)品種。酒井(jing)氏將胸(xiong)鰭發光的(de)(de)(de)德(de)國(guo)黑鯉(li)(li)雌性(xing)(xing)與(yu)櫪尾的(de)(de)(de)外山長(chang)治(zhi)郎氏產出的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)金(jin)雄性(xing)(xing)鯉(li)(li)交配(pei)而產德(de)國(guo)黃(huang)金(jin)。本來德(de)國(guo)黃(huang)金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)原形是鮮(xian)濃黃(huang)色,但比照黃(huang)金(jin)鯉(li)(li)稱(cheng)為(wei)“德(de)國(guo)黃(huang)金(jin)”了。德(de)國(guo)黃(huang)金(jin)是以鏡(jing)鯉(li)(li)為(wei)基本,所(suo)以背部(bu)及(ji)兩(liang)腹部(bu)排列大鱗(lin)為(wei)精彩(cai)之(zhi)處(chu),但在池水中(zhong),其(qi)無鱗(lin)之(zhi)處(chu)特(te)別發光。另一方,魚鱗(lin)退化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)革鯉(li)(li)德(de)國(guo)黃(huang)猶如金(jin)屬加工造型品,但無論(lun)如何閃閃發光,比之(zhi)鏡(jing)鯉(li)(li)在品位上略遜一籌。又大鱗(lin)相疊(die)的(de)(de)(de)“鎧鯉(li)(li)”,無論(lun)光輝(hui)多好,仍無鑒賞價(jia)值(zhi)。
黃金鯉(li)和金魚一樣(yang)對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)的要求并(bing)不嚴格(ge),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)范圍為2-30攝(she)氏度(du)。對環(huan)境(jing)適(shi)(shi)應性雖(sui)強(qiang),但卻(que)有不能抵抗水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)急驟變(bian)化(hua)的弱點,如長期(qi)人工飼養(yang)(yang),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升(sheng)降(jiang)2-3攝(she)氏度(du)時(shi)(shi)尚能忍(ren)受,溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)下(xia)降(jiang)或升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)的幅度(du)超過2-3攝(she)氏度(du)時(shi)(shi),魚容易生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)病(bing),溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)升(sheng)降(jiang)幅度(du)加大(da)到(dao)7-8攝(she)氏度(du)時(shi)(shi),魚匍(pu)匐于水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)底不食不支,若溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)突(tu)變(bian)幅度(du)再增大(da),甚(shen)至會立即死亡,最適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)是20-25攝(she)氏度(du),在(zai)這種溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中,錦鯉(li)游動活躍(yue),食欲(yu)旺盛,體質(zhi)健壯,色(se)彩(cai)鮮艷。控制到(dao)最適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)錦鯉(li)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),使魚能有舒適(shi)(shi)環(huan)境(jing)而生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長迅速(su)更為理想(xiang)。黃金鯉(li)在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活依靠鰓吸(xi)收(shou)溶于水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中的氧(yang)(yang),將氧(yang)(yang)送到(dao)魚體中和吸(xi)收(shou)的食物(wu)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)成分化(hua)合而產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能量以維持生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命,所以水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中是否有充(chong)足的氧(yang)(yang)是養(yang)(yang)好魚的關鍵,每千克體重每小時(shi)(shi)所需的氧(yang)(yang)量在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)5-6攝(she)氏度(du)時(shi)(shi)為35毫克/升(sheng),由此(ci)證明水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)越高(gao)(gao),耗氧(yang)(yang)量越大(da)。
魚浮(fu)到水(shui)(shui)面(mian)上(shang),說明水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)氧(yang)缺,它(ta)(ta)們(men)不(bu)(bu)得(de)不(bu)(bu)從空氣(qi)中(zhong)吸收氧(yang)來唯持,雖然可以短時(shi)間(jian)維(wei)持生命,一旦(dan)它(ta)(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)體力盡耗,它(ta)(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)生命也就終止了(le)。2每天給魚換水(shui)(shui),還是一天就變(bian)渾(hun)了(le),水(shui)(shui)混就說明水(shui)(shui)質變(bian)壞,接(jie)著微生物(wu)、病原體會(hui)大量(liang)繁殖,不(bu)(bu)僅加速了(le)氧(yang)的(de)(de)消(xiao)耗,魚也會(hui)因此而得(de)病。
松葉錦鯉(li)喜歡(huan)在水體的(de)(de)上(shang)層活動。覓食是(shi)魚的(de)(de)本能,它們不(bu)會因蟲大了不(bu)敢去吃(chi),也是(shi)因為水中缺(que)氧沒(mei)有(you)食欲(yu)。
飼(si)養是(shi)由觀察開始的,所(suo)以,日(ri)常(chang)管理(li)中要(yao)(yao)堅(jian)持每日(ri)對魚(yu)池或(huo)魚(yu)缸(gang)進行(xing)觀察巡視。首(shou)先觀察養殖水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體的情(qing)況。注(zhu)意(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)色(se)是(shi)否(fou)正常(chang),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是(shi)否(fou)渾濁,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)如果有(you)死(si)魚(yu)漂(piao)浮要(yao)(yao)及(ji)時撈出等(deng)。如果有(you)條件最(zui)好測一下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質的各項指標是(shi)否(fou)正常(chang)。用魚(yu)缸(gang)養殖錦鯉(li)要(yao)(yao)特(te)別注(zhu)意(yi),因(yin)為一般魚(yu)缸(gang)的體積較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小,而錦鯉(li)攝(she)食量較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大,排泄物較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多,如果循環過(guo)濾不完善的話,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質非常(chang)容易變壞(huai),所(suo)以一定(ding)要(yao)(yao)保持水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質的穩定(ding)。其次要(yao)(yao)觀察錦鯉(li)的攝(she)食、游動等(deng)狀況,以便決定(ding)喂食量、餌料品種等(deng)。同時,堅(jian)持做好定(ding)期換水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、消毒等(deng)工作,并能及(ji)時發(fa)現魚(yu)病,做到早防早治。另外,每天還要(yao)(yao)對過(guo)濾設備進行(xing)檢查(cha),包括觀察魚(yu)池或(huo)魚(yu)缸(gang)有(you)無漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)情(qing)況;水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)運(yun)轉是(shi)否(fou)正常(chang),聲(sheng)音是(shi)否(fou)正常(chang);過(guo)濾槽是(shi)否(fou)有(you)污物堵塞,影響過(guo)濾效果等(deng)。這些日(ri)常(chang)工作看似簡單,但如果疏忽很可能導(dao)致魚(yu)病的發(fa)生。因(yin)此,應(ying)予以高度重視。
1、體(ti)型方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian),要(yao)求魚背(bei)挺直,魚體(ti)左(zuo)右平(ping)衡,游姿穩重端正(zheng),身體(ti)雄健有(you)力。頰(jia)的(de)形(xing)狀和口位端正(zheng),無歪斜,兩端飽滿不凹陷,各鰭要(yao)對(dui)稱(cheng)完整(zheng),游動時要(yao)靈活。2、色彩方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian),是黃金錦鯉(li)最直觀的(de)體(ti)現,選擇時以鮮明、艷麗、顏色深厚、邊緣整(zheng)齊、光彩奪(duo)目者為上(shang)品。3、時間方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian),出生50天左(zuo)右開始挑選。