芒果视频下载

基本介紹

2001年4月中旬至5月初，由湖(hu)北(bei)省文物考古(gu)(gu)研究(jiu)所主持，荊門市(shi)(shi)和鐘(zhong)祥市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)文物考古(gu)(gu)工作者參加，共同對(dui)鐘(zhong)祥市(shi)(shi)長灘鎮(zhen)大洪村(cun)梁莊王(wang)墓進行了(le)發(fa)掘。發(fa)掘表明，該(gai)墓是一座(zuo)王(wang)與妃的(de)(de)合葬(zang)(zang)墓，有其獨特的(de)(de)葬(zang)(zang)俗，墓內(nei)隨葬(zang)(zang)品十分豐富。據初步統計(ji)，隨葬(zang)(zang)品有金、銀、玉、（珠）寶石(shi)、銅、鐵、鉛(qian)錫、瓷、陶、漆木、石(shi)、骨(gu)角器等(deng)共計(ji)5300余(yu)件，其中金、銀、玉器有1400余(yu)件，珠飾寶石(shi)則多達3400余(yu)件。一墓隨葬(zang)(zang)如此大量的(de)(de)金銀珠寶，在已發(fa)現的(de)(de)明代親王(wang)墓中未見，僅次于明代皇陵(ling)——定(ding)陵(ling)，是繼(ji)定(ding)陵(ling)之(zhi)后的(de)(de)又一明代重要考古(gu)(gu)發(fa)現。

景點景觀

梁(liang)莊王(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)原筑有(you)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)塋(ying)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)建筑和(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)宮(gong)，歷經(jing)滄(cang)桑，現(xian)存只(zhi)有(you)地(di)(di)(di)(di)宮(gong)、內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)塋(ying)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北(bei)半(ban)部基(ji)址(zhi)，園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)建筑蕩然(ran)無存，惟遍地(di)(di)(di)(di)散(san)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘磚(zhuan)(zhuan)敗瓦表明(ming)它(ta)們曾經(jing)有(you)過的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輝煌(huang)。內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)塋(ying)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)長(chang)方形(xing)，南北(bei)向。現(xian)存外(wai)(wai)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)東西(xi)(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)250米，內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)東西(xi)(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)55米。內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)、外(wai)(wai)塋(ying)垣基(ji)址(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解剖證明(ming)，外(wai)(wai)垣寬(kuan)1．3米，是(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皮(pi)土(tu)心墻(qiang)（即以大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)不等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)塊壘成內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)兩(liang)堵(du)(du)(du)墻(qiang)，再(zai)用(yong)(yong)土(tu)充填(tian)其(qi)間），并培土(tu)作護(hu)坡(po)；內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)垣寬(kuan)1米，是(shi)(shi)(shi)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心墻(qiang)（以磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)兩(liang)堵(du)(du)(du)墻(qiang)，其(qi)間充填(tian)小(xiao)(xiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)塊），也(ye)培土(tu)作護(hu)坡(po)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬（地(di)(di)(di)(di)宮(gong)）構筑在內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)塋(ying)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)小(xiao)(xiao)山坡(po)上(shang)，南北(bei)向，平(ping)面(mian)呈“中(zhong)(zhong)”字形(xing)，屬崖洞磚(zhuan)(zhuan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，設(she)有(you)封土(tu)堆(dui)，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)南端有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條斜(xie)坡(po)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)豎穴式，其(qi)底(di)南高北(bei)低斜(xie)坡(po)狀，平(ping)長(chang)10．6、口(kou)最寬(kuan)4．3米，北(bei)端底(di)距地(di)(di)(di)(di)表深7米。修筑墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)北(bei)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)垂直壁(bi)面(mian)向北(bei)鑿巖掘進，形(xing)成隧洞，再(zai)在洞內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)用(yong)(yong)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌(qi)成墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)，粘(zhan)合料是(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)為前(qian)(qian)室(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)后室(shi)(shi)(shi)，橫前(qian)(qian)室(shi)(shi)(shi)，雙穹窿(long)頂，前(qian)(qian)、后室(shi)(shi)(shi)各(ge)設(she)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)雙扇門和(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條甬道(dao)(dao)(dao)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)空全長(chang)15．4、最寬(kuan)7．88、高5．3米。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)填(tian)土(tu)分(fen)五層(ceng)：第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)外(wai)(wai)精選(xuan)運來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)，未(wei)夯；第二和(he)(he)四(si)層(ceng)為石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰層(ceng)，第三和(he)(he)五層(ceng)則系原坑(keng)紅褚巖，均經(jing)夯實。鑿洞為室(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)掏出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，最后回填(tian)成封土(tu)堆(dui)，高約9、底(di)徑約50米。門洞為六層(ceng)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)券，封門墻(qiang)厚達(da)1米。券洞頂之上(shang)，砌(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)堵(du)(du)(du)擋土(tu)墻(qiang)，直達(da)第二層(ceng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰層(ceng)底(di)。此(ci)墻(qiang)頭外(wai)(wai)加(jia)砌(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)堵(du)(du)(du)高1．17米的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)墻(qiang)，碑(bei)墻(qiang)腳壓在第四(si)層(ceng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰層(ceng)面(mian)上(shang)。此(ci)碑(bei)墻(qiang)嵌石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)質墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)志兩(liang)合，東西(xi)(xi)(xi)并列：東邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)志較大(da)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)《梁(liang)莊王(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)》墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)志；西(xi)(xi)(xi)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)志較小(xiao)(xiao)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)《大(da)明(ming)梁(liang)莊王(wang)妃(fei)壙志文》。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)體厚近1米，以六層(ceng)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌(qi)成，地(di)(di)(di)(di)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)則只(zhi)平(ping)鋪一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)。前(qian)(qian)室(shi)(shi)(shi)門為石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)質，但只(zhi)有(you)東扇門，西(xi)(xi)(xi)扇門已(yi)佚，門后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)室(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)面(mian)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)長(chang)方形(xing)凹坑(keng)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)支墊“自(zi)來(lai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。后室(shi)(shi)(shi)門為漆木質，已(yi)朽(xiu)。后室(shi)(shi)(shi)設(she)有(you)壁(bi)龕、棺(guan)床(chuang)和(he)(he)燈臺：室(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)砌(qi)兩(liang)座(zuo)長(chang)方形(xing)棺(guan)床(chuang)，中(zhong)(zhong)央用(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)條砌(qi)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)為王(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棺(guan)床(chuang)；其(qi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)側以磚(zhuan)(zhuan)接砌(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)略小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)則系妃(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棺(guan)床(chuang)。甬道(dao)(dao)(dao)兩(liang)側各(ge)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌(qi)燈臺，東、西(xi)(xi)(xi)、北(bei)壁(bi)各(ge)辟一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)壁(bi)龕。后室(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穹窿(long)頂有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)處被盜墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)分(fen)子炸陷而未(wei)垮塌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盜洞，說明(ming)盜墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)分(fen)子未(wei)曾進入(ru)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)。

實用信息

明梁莊王墓是明仁宗(zong)朱高熾的(de)第九個兒子朱瞻垍與魏妃的(de)合葬墓，出(chu)土(tu)金器、玉器、瓷器等5300余件(jian)，出(chu)土(tu)文物各種(zhong)鑲嵌的(de)寶石有700多(duo)顆，是中國已發掘明代親王墓中等級(ji)最高的(de)一次，隨葬物品的(de)豐富與精美僅次于明十三陵中的(de)定陵。

展(zhan)出(chu)的金(jin)鑲(xiang)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)帶(dai)帶(dai)銙、云形金(jin)累絲鑲(xiang)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)簪(zan)、金(jin)累絲鑲(xiang)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青玉鏤(lou)空雙鸞鳥牡丹簪(zan)、金(jin)鑲(xiang)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)絳環(huan)等，其上鑲(xiang)嵌的紅寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、藍(lan)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、祖(zu)母綠(lv)、金(jin)綠(lv)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、金(jin)綠(lv)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)貓眼(yan)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英貓眼(yan)等寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)近百(bai)顆。在金(jin)鑲(xiang)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)帽(mao)頂(ding)上，鑲(xiang)嵌一顆約200克拉(la)的橄欖形無(wu)色藍(lan)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，是目前發現(xian)最大的藍(lan)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。

據初步(bu)統計(ji)(ji)，墓內的隨葬器(qi)物(wu)共計(ji)(ji)5340余(yu)件(jian)，其中(zhong)金(jin)(jin)、銀(yin)、玉器(qi)和珠(zhu)飾寶(bao)石(shi)有4800余(yu)件(jian)粗略計(ji)(ji)算，這些珍(zhen)寶(bao)所(suo)使(shi)用的金(jin)(jin)量(liang)達(da)到(dao)(dao)16公斤(jin)，用銀(yin)量(liang)達(da)到(dao)(dao)13公斤(jin)，用玉量(liang)達(da)到(dao)(dao)14公斤(jin)，出土的寶(bao)石(shi)700多顆，它(ta)們(men)保存(cun)完好，燦(can)(can)燦(can)(can)生輝(hui)，可謂金(jin)(jin)玉滿堂，珠(zhu)光寶(bao)氣。這批金(jin)(jin)銀(yin)玉器(qi)既有單件(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)器(qi)的，也有由多飾件(jian)組成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)器(qi)的，型(xing)式多樣。 梁莊王墓的發掘，使(shi)大批珍(zhen)貴文(wen)物(wu)重見天日，也提出了一(yi)些新的研究課(ke)題。目前，只完成(cheng)(cheng)了室(shi)內整理的第(di)一(yi)階段工作，即(ji)將開始全面(mian)的整理工作。