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基本介紹

朱(zhu)檀(tan)墓，又稱魯荒(huang)(huang)王墓，坐落在鄒城市(shi)區北(bei)九龍山南麓(lu)。朱(zhu)檀(tan)為(wei)明太祖朱(zhu)元璋第十(shi)子(zi)。洪武三年（1370年），出生兩(liang)個(ge)月(yue)受封魯王，15歲就藩兗(yan)州。他“好文禮士，善(shan)詩(shi)歌(ge)”，篤信道教。為(wei)求長生不老藥，終日焚香誦經，燒煉“仙丹”，結果“餌金石藥，毒發發傷目”，洪武二十(shi)二年薨，年僅19歲。朱(zhu)元璋惡其荒(huang)(huang)唐，謚為(wei)“荒(huang)(huang)”。墓坐北(bei)面(mian)南，依山建造，有巨大的封土(tu)堆，占地1.3萬余平方米。

景點景觀

歷史魯王朱(zhu)(zhu)檀陵(ling)墓，座落(luo)在鄒城東北12公(gong)里的(de)九龍山南麓，紅墻護(hu)圍(wei)，松柏(bo)掩映，為(wei)埋葬(zang)和祭祀朱(zhu)(zhu)檀的(de)地(di)方。據《明(ming)史》記載，朱(zhu)(zhu)檀，系明(ming)太祖(zu)第十(shi)子(zi)，洪武三(san)年（1370年）生(sheng)。生(sheng)兩月而封為(wei)魯王。洪武十(shi)八年（1385年）15歲時就藩(fan)兗州，轄(xia)四州二十(shi)三(san)縣。朱(zhu)(zhu)檀“謙恭下(xia)士(shi)，博(bo)學多識，好文禮士(shi)，善詩歌”，甚(shen)為(wei)朱(zhu)(zhu)元(yuan)璋所(suo)喜愛。但住進(jin)兗州魯王府后，誤入(ru)邪(xie)路，信奉道教，終(zhong)日(ri)焚香誦經(jing)，燒(shao)煉(lian)“仙丹”，求(qiu)不老之藥，希冀長生(sheng)，結果卻“餌(er)金石藥，毒發傷目(mu)”，僅(jin)活了19歲。朱(zhu)(zhu)元(yuan)璋獲悉后十(shi)分惱(nao)怒(nu)，認為(wei)他的(de)行為(wei)實在荒唐，遂賜惡(e)謚曰“荒王”。 [2]

明魯荒王墓未經盜(dao)掘，經過清理，共出(chu)土遺物1100余(yu)件(jian)，其中珍品文物有(you)織金(jin)緞龍(long)(long)袍、九旒冕、九縫皮弁(biàn，古代(dai)男(nan)子(zi)戴的(de)帽子(zi))、“魯王之寶”貼金(jin)木(mu)印、金(jin)鑲玉透雕(diao)玉帶、唐代(dai)“天風(feng)海(hai)濤”琴(qin)、宋高宗(zong)題(ti)詩扇面、元代(dai)錢選白蓮(lian)手卷、元版古籍、戧金(jin)云(yun)龍(long)(long)紋漆箱、青(qing)白釉云(yun)龍(long)(long)紋罐(guan)、等等。

擇選(xuan)風(feng)水(shui)寶地(di)不惜人(ren)力財力，大(da)興土(tu)木(mu)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其修(xiu)建(jian)了(le)這處規模宏大(da)的(de)陵(ling)(ling)墓。荒(huang)王(wang)(wang)陵(ling)(ling)，背依九龍山(shan)（為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)九龍山(shan)第(di)(di)一峰，號稱“龍頭”，又(you)名“玄武(wu)”），東有(you)(you)臥(wo)虎(hu)山(shan)，西(xi)有(you)(you)玉皇(huang)山(shan)（又(you)名曰“青(qing)龍”、“白(bai)虎(hu)”），南與(yu)朱(zhu)雀山(shan)遙遙相對，按古代“四(si)神方位”定穴。《禮記·曲禮上(shang)》：“行(xing)前(qian)(qian)朱(zhu)鳥(niao)而后玄武(wu)”。下(xia)有(you)(you)白(bai)馬泉(quan)(quan)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)白(bai)馬河(he)源頭。陵(ling)(ling)園(yuan)居(ju)高(gao)臨下(xia)，向陽瀕水(shui)，四(si)望(wang)山(shan)川(chuan)回環(huan)(huan)，林木(mu)葳蕤，風(feng)景如(ru)畫。不僅(jin)是一處人(ren)間勝境(jing)，還是一座典型(xing)的(de)明(ming)代親王(wang)(wang)陵(ling)(ling)園(yuan)。陵(ling)(ling)區(qu)原占地(di)面積7萬平方米(mi)，規模宏大(da)，氣勢莊嚴(yan)，分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陵(ling)(ling)園(yuan)和地(di)宮兩部(bu)(bu)分。陵(ling)(ling)園(yuan)：陵(ling)(ling)區(qu)分內(nei)(nei)城和外(wai)(wai)城，修(xiu)有(you)(you)內(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)護城河(he)。進入神道的(de)第(di)(di)一座門(men)(men)(men)(men)坊是午朝門(men)(men)(men)(men)，前(qian)(qian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)單拱石橋(qiao)，名“御橋(qiao)”。石橋(qiao)攔板上(shang)飾有(you)(you)透雕的(de)寶瓶靈(ling)芝等圖案。橋(qiao)東西(xi)兩側既是白(bai)馬二泉(quan)(quan)，泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)明(ming)澈，常年不涸(he)，號稱“龍泉(quan)(quan)”。過“御橋(qiao)”便是內(nei)(nei)城門(men)(men)(men)(men)。內(nei)(nei)城分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)環(huan)(huan)以四(si)周的(de)紅墻高(gao)3.70米(mi)，寬(kuan)0.70米(mi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)冰盤檐(yan)(yan)式磚石結構(gou)，陵(ling)(ling)園(yuan)分前(qian)(qian)后兩進院落(luo)，布局嚴(yan)謹，建(jian)筑(zhu)典雅富麗(li)(li)。南門(men)(men)(men)(men)三(san)座，中(zhong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)獨高(gao)，旁(pang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)稍(shao)矮，翼然并列，系門(men)(men)(men)(men)洞(dong)式斗拱建(jian)筑(zhu)。雕梁(liang)畫棟，色彩絢麗(li)(li)，重檐(yan)(yan)斗拱，凌空欲(yu)飛(fei)(fei)，中(zhong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)坊額上(shang)書“荒(huang)王(wang)(wang)陵(ling)(ling)”三(san)個鎏金大(da)字。第(di)(di)二道門(men)(men)(men)(men)與(yu)南門(men)(men)(men)(men)建(jian)筑(zhu)在同(tong)一條中(zhong)軸線上(shang)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)柱三(san)楹式歇(xie)(xie)山(shan)飛(fei)(fei)檐(yan)(yan)建(jian)筑(zhu)。后部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)享殿(dian)(dian)，殿(dian)(dian)七楹，歇(xie)(xie)山(shan)重檐(yan)(yan)飛(fei)(fei)角，是當年祭祀魯王(wang)(wang)朱(zhu)檀的(de)殿(dian)(dian)宇。據說當年內(nei)(nei)城墻的(de)四(si)角上(shang)還建(jian)有(you)(you)角樓。

地(di)(di)宮：出陵(ling)園后門(men)(men)(men)便(bian)是(shi)方(fang)城明(ming)(ming)樓，是(shi)地(di)(di)下宮殿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)標(biao)志。方(fang)城高(gao)(gao)7.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，周圍建(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)2.70米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)寬(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回廊，供游人(ren)飽覽陵(ling)區風光。方(fang)城上建(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)樓，為(wei)(wei)歇山式(shi)飛檐(yan)斗拱(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，氣勢雄(xiong)偉。方(fang)城后便(bian)是(shi)地(di)(di)宮。地(di)(di)宮距(ju)地(di)(di)表深26米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，由墓(mu)道(dao)、前(qian)(qian)(qian)室(shi)(shi)、后室(shi)(shi)三(san)部分組成，依山鑿石(shi)(shi)開擴，青磚(zhuan)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)室(shi)(shi)，上為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)大封(feng)土(tu)。地(di)(di)宮建(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)兩(liang)道(dao)石(shi)(shi)門(men)(men)(men)，墓(mu)道(dao)全長(chang)50余米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，并筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)有(you)(you)用(yong)石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)和(he)糯米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)汁混(hun)合(he)澆鑄而成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)道(dao)擋土(tu)墻(qiang)。墓(mu)門(men)(men)(men)前(qian)(qian)(qian)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)道(dao)高(gao)(gao)8.86米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封(feng)土(tu)墻(qiang)，墻(qiang)后便(bian)是(shi)高(gao)(gao)8.20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)5.35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紅色金(jin)(jin)剛墻(qiang)，墻(qiang)沿飾(shi)綠(lv)色琉璃瓦和(he)吻獸(shou)。第一(yi)道(dao)門(men)(men)(men)位于入洞口1.50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甬(yong)道(dao)中(zhong)，為(wei)(wei)雙(shuang)扉樞軸式(shi)。門(men)(men)(men)以巨石(shi)(shi)制(zhi)成，高(gao)(gao)2.40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬(kuan)1.30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，厚0.18—0.20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，每扇重(zhong)約2噸，門(men)(men)(men)樞鑲有(you)(you)重(zhong)約15公斤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)金(jin)(jin)銅套。門(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正面雕有(you)(you)縱(zong)橫九(jiu)排門(men)(men)(men)釘和(he)鐵(tie)質涂(tu)(tu)金(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋪(pu)(pu)首(shou)銜環。石(shi)(shi)門(men)(men)(men)涂(tu)(tu)紅漆，釘貼金(jin)(jin)，六百年后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)今天，色澤仍十分鮮艷。這第一(yi)道(dao)門(men)(men)(men)即為(wei)(wei)前(qian)(qian)(qian)室(shi)(shi)，為(wei)(wei)拱(gong)券式(shi)磚(zhuan)結構，磨(mo)光方(fang)磚(zhuan)鋪(pu)(pu)地(di)(di)。南(nan)(nan)北長(chang)8.25米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，東西寬(kuan)5.25米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，高(gao)(gao)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，為(wei)(wei)東西向券頂。墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)規模(mo)宏偉，高(gao)(gao)大寬(kuan)敞(chang)，堅(jian)固嚴密，防水性強(qiang)，在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藝術上有(you)(you)獨(du)到之處。前(qian)(qian)(qian)部當中(zhong)置(zhi)一(yi)大瓷(ci)缸，直徑1.70米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，內(nei)裝鐵(tie)燈芯座、豆油(you)，稱為(wei)(wei)長(chang)明(ming)(ming)燈，又叫萬(wan)年燈。后部中(zhong)間(jian)設有(you)(you)一(yi)張(zhang)朱紅御(yu)案，案上放(fang)盝頂寶匣(xia)三(san)只。內(nei)裝木(mu)(mu)制(zhi)帖金(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“魯王之寶”金(jin)(jin)印。室(shi)(shi)內(nei)還隨葬(zang)(zang)(zang)有(you)(you)龐大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)雕彩繪(hui)俑(yong)群，共432件(jian)，分別(bie)為(wei)(wei)儀仗(zhang)俑(yong)和(he)樂俑(yong)。木(mu)(mu)俑(yong)雕刻精細，刀(dao)法(fa)簡練，神態(tai)各(ge)異，手持(chi)各(ge)種儀仗(zhang)和(he)樂器(qi)，其中(zhong)有(you)(you)拱(gong)手而立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文官和(he)身(shen)材(cai)魁偉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)侍(shi)衛。尤(you)為(wei)(wei)引人(ren)注(zhu)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)一(yi)匹高(gao)(gao)頭(tou)大馬，昂首(shou)而立，是(shi)出土(tu)24匹馬中(zhong)最為(wei)(wei)健(jian)壯肥大華(hua)麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)匹。第二道(dao)石(shi)(shi)門(men)(men)(men)與(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)門(men)(men)(men)基(ji)本相(xiang)同，兩(liang)室(shi)(shi)間(jian)有(you)(you)一(yi)甬(yong)道(dao)。后室(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)棺(guan)室(shi)(shi)，東西長(chang)8.20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，南(nan)(nan)北寬(kuan)5.45米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，高(gao)(gao)5.50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。中(zhong)部砌有(you)(you)南(nan)(nan)北3.85米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、東西3.10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，高(gao)(gao)0.50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)須(xu)彌座式(shi)棺(guan)床，朱漆楠(nan)木(mu)(mu)棺(guan)槨(guo)置(zhi)于棺(guan)床上。棺(guan)內(nei)朱檀身(shen)著龍袍(pao)(pao)，腰束玉(yu)帶(dai)，頭(tou)貫金(jin)(jin)簪，身(shen)下鋪(pu)(pu)19枚金(jin)(jin)錢。棺(guan)床兩(liang)邊(bian)各(ge)有(you)(you)兩(liang)張(zhang)木(mu)(mu)桌(zhuo)和(he)兩(liang)個(ge)描(miao)金(jin)(jin)木(mu)(mu)箱(xiang)。箱(xiang)內(nei)裝有(you)(you)冠、袍(pao)(pao)、靴、衣(yi)、帽、玉(yu)圭、玉(yu)帶(dai)和(he)梳(shu)妝(zhuang)具等(deng)。桌(zhuo)上擺放(fang)著文房(fang)四寶和(he)琴棋詩畫等(deng)物。東西兩(liang)壁并擺著葬(zang)(zang)(zang)儀用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匾(bian)牌。其它隨葬(zang)(zang)(zang)品為(wei)(wei)木(mu)(mu)、竹、銅、錫(xi)制(zhi)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些小冥器(qi)和(he)瓷(ci)器(qi)等(deng)。

出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)珍貴文(wen)物(wu)：朱(zhu)檀(tan)墓(mu)共出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)各類文(wen)物(wu)1100余件(jian)，保(bao)存基(ji)本完(wan)好(hao)，這批豐富寶貴文(wen)物(wu)的出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)，對研究明初社會政治(zhi)、經濟、文(wen)化以及(ji)官(guan)制、輿服、紡織、書法、繪畫等(deng)提供了極為珍貴的資料。朱(zhu)檀(tan)墓(mu)文(wen)物(wu)曾在我國(guo)北京和日本展出(chu)(chu)(chu)，引起人們極大(da)的興趣。

出(chu)(chu)土的(de)(de)大(da)量隨(sui)葬(zang)品(pin)大(da)致分(fen)(fen)為(wei)冠服、儀(yi)仗、家具、和文(wen)房(fang)四寶(bao)、琴(qin)棋書(shu)畫(hua)幾類(lei)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最突出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)是(shi)“王(wang)冠”。此(ci)冠通(tong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)18厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，長49.4厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬30厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。系藤篾編制(zhi)，鑲(xiang)以(yi)金(jin)(jin)圈(quan)、金(jin)(jin)邊、冠兩(liang)側飾梅花(hua)(hua)(hua)穿，貫一(yi)金(jin)(jin)簪(zan)。九旒(liu)、旒(liu)貫紅(hong)、白、青、黃(huang)、黑(hei)五色(se)(se)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)珠(zhu)。它體(ti)(ti)現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)魯王(wang)朱檀的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)貴地(di)位。出(chu)(chu)土的(de)(de)袍(pao)服衣著(zhu)之類(lei)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)盤(pan)領窄袖(xiu)金(jin)(jin)織(zhi)龍(long)袍(pao)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)紗(sha)單袍(pao)和交領暗(an)(an)花(hua)(hua)(hua)云紋(wen)(wen)(wen)袍(pao)，織(zhi)錦圖案非常漂亮，大(da)多用金(jin)(jin)線織(zhi)成(cheng)。龍(long)袍(pao)是(shi)朱檀在大(da)典的(de)(de)日子里穿的(de)(de)，身長1.30米(mi)(mi)(mi)，袖(xiu)長約1.10米(mi)(mi)(mi)，交領窄袖(xiu)，米(mi)(mi)(mi)黃(huang)色(se)(se)，兩(liang)肩及(ji)胸(xiong)背上繡金(jin)(jin)織(zhi)盤(pan)龍(long)云紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，袖(xiu)及(ji)膝欄飾行(xing)龍(long)云紋(wen)(wen)(wen)花(hua)(hua)(hua)草、胸(xiong)下部飾三組九行(xing)盤(pan)線，圖案花(hua)(hua)(hua)色(se)(se)豐富多彩，對(dui)了(le)(le)(le)解(jie)和研究明(ming)代(dai)(dai)絲織(zhi)品(pin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)重要參考價值。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)制(zhi)品(pin)在出(chu)(chu)土文(wen)物中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占較大(da)比(bi)例(li)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)件玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)帶，玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)質潤(run)澤，刻工(gong)(gong)(gong)精美。它以(yi)25節羊(yang)脂玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)組成(cheng)，用金(jin)(jin)片鑲(xiang)嵌，雕(diao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)縷空靈芝圖案。帶頭三節用雙(shuang)層(ceng)透花(hua)(hua)(hua)金(jin)(jin)片鑲(xiang)嵌著(zhu)一(yi)顆(ke)藍寶(bao)石(shi)、兩(liang)顆(ke)較小藍寶(bao)石(shi)、十二(er)(er)顆(ke)紅(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)、八粒珍珠(zhu)、六(liu)顆(ke)綠松石(shi)、兩(liang)塊長方形螢石(shi)(分(fen)(fen)別呈綠色(se)(se)，粉色(se)(se))，一(yi)顆(ke)祖母綠和一(yi)顆(ke)稀(xi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)貓眼(yan)寶(bao)石(shi)，通(tong)體(ti)(ti)總(zong)計(ji)鑲(xiang)嵌各色(se)(se)寶(bao)石(shi)33顆(ke)。其(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)之高(gao)(gao)(gao)超(chao)，實(shi)屬罕見。此(ci)外，還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)只白釉(you)(you)云龍(long)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)蓋罐，口(kou)(kou)徑(jing)24.4厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，底(di)徑(jing)21.2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，通(tong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)37.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。圓唇，直口(kou)(kou)，圓鼓(gu)腹，平(ping)底(di)。胎體(ti)(ti)厚重，通(tong)體(ti)(ti)施青白色(se)(se)釉(you)(you)。蓋呈倒(dao)荷葉形，脈絡清晰，寶(bao)珠(zhu)鈕。腹部刻暗(an)(an)雙(shuang)龍(long)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，昂首在云中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)遨游相逐，龍(long)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)上下間隔以(yi)卷草紋(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)飾。出(chu)(chu)土時罐內盛放梨、棗(zao)、肉、米(mi)(mi)(mi)飯、雞蛋、菜葉等。和兩(liang)塊質地(di)分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)碧(bi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和羊(yang)脂玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)圭，以(yi)及(ji)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)硯、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)佩、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)筆管、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)筆架等。從這(zhe)批玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)器的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)水平(ping)看(kan)，充分(fen)(fen)體(ti)(ti)現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)我國古(gu)代(dai)(dai)勞動人民高(gao)(gao)(gao)超(chao)的(de)(de)技藝(yi)和聰明(ming)才智。“天(tian)風海濤”琴(qin)。桐木制(zhi)成(cheng)，黑(hei)漆琴(qin)身，裂似(si)蛇(she)蚹(fu)(fu)，背刻篆書(shu)“天(tian)風海濤”。琴(qin)腹有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)龍(long)池(chi)、鳳沼兩(liang)共鳴(ming)槽。龍(long)池(chi)內有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“圣宋隆興甲申口(kou)(kou)口(kou)(kou)，大(da)唐雷(lei)威親(qin)斫”兩(liang)行(xing)銘文(wen)。雷(lei)威為(wei)唐代(dai)(dai)制(zhi)琴(qin)大(da)師(shi)，以(yi)善(shan)制(zhi)蛇(she)蚹(fu)(fu)琴(qin)而著(zhu)名(ming)。南(nan)宋大(da)詩人陸游詩云：“古(gu)琴(qin)蛇(she)蚹(fu)(fu)評無價，魚腸寶(bao)劍(jian)讬有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)靈”，可見雷(lei)威制(zhi)作的(de)(de)蛇(she)蚹(fu)(fu)琴(qin)，在明(ming)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)古(gu)琴(qin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)實(shi)為(wei)傳(chuan)世(shi)珍品(pin)了(le)(le)(le)。宋葵(kui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)蛺蝶扇面(mian)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)24.3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬25.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。絹本(ben)、金(jin)(jin)粉設色(se)(se)，畫(hua)上方鈐有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“皇女(nv)市圖書(shu)”朱印，左下方鈐有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“司印”二(er)(er)字的(de)(de)騎縫朱印。背面(mian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)宋高(gao)(gao)(gao)宗趙(zhao)構為(wei)葵(kui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)扇面(mian)題的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)字跋文(wen)：“白露才過催八月，紫(zi)房(fang)紅(hong)葉共凄(qi)涼；黃(huang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)冷淡無人看(kan)，獨自傾心向夕陽” 元(yuan)錢選工(gong)(gong)(gong)筆白蓮畫(hua)。紙(zhi)本(ben)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)42厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，長90.3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，下有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)錢選自提七言(yan)詩一(yi)首：“裊裊瑤池(chi)白玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)，往來青島靜無嘩(hua)；幽(you)人不飲閑(xian)攜杖，但憶清香伴月華。”錢選，宋末元(yuan)初(chu)人。善(shan)畫(hua)山水花(hua)(hua)(hua)鳥人物，為(wei)元(yuan)初(chu)畫(hua)界(jie)八俊之一(yi)。這(zhe)些(xie)宋、元(yuan)古(gu)畫(hua)的(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)土，為(wei)研究我國古(gu)代(dai)(dai)書(shu)畫(hua)藝(yi)術提供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)寶(bao)貴資料。隨(sui)葬(zang)品(pin)還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)各種(zhong)書(shu)籍(ji)共7種(zhong)21冊。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《朱子訂定蔡氏集(ji)傳(chuan)》、《增入(ru)音注括(kuo)例(li)始末胡文(wen)定公春(chun)秋傳(chuan)》、《四書(shu)集(ji)注》、《少微家塾點校(xiao)附音通(tong)簽節要》、《朱文(wen)公校(xiao)昌黎(li)先生文(wen)集(ji)》、《黃(huang)氏補千(qian)家注紀年杜(du)工(gong)(gong)(gong)部詩史(shi)》等。這(zhe)些(xie)宋元(yuan)版(ban)本(ben)已是(shi)傳(chuan)世(shi)珍品(pin)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)更是(shi)海內孤本(ben)，實(shi)為(wei)瑰寶(bao)。

中國歷(li)代帝王為(wei)了顯示(shi)地位和(he)尊貴，提(ti)倡“厚葬以明孝”，不惜動(dong)用大(da)量人力物(wu)力修建巨(ju)大(da)的陵墓，朱檀陵園的建造，在當時實為(wei)一項浩大(da)的系統工程。僅掘石開擴(kuo)，填(tian)積封土，動(dong)用土石方量約計20余萬立方米。這座(zuo)具有600多年歷(li)史的古(gu)建筑(zhu)群(qun)，充分(fen)展示(shi)了古(gu)代勞(lao)動(dong)人民的智慧和(he)力量。

1970年春至(zhi)1971年，山東省、濟寧地區和(he)鄒縣(xian)考古工作者(zhe)在有關(guan)部門配(pei)合下，對(dui)荒王(wang)陵地宮(gong)進行了發掘，出土文(wen)物1300余(yu)種(zhong)，不(bu)僅(jin)是山東省至(zhi)今發現最(zui)(zui)大的，而且是京南江北(bei)最(zui)(zui)大的地下宮(gong)殿(dian)。

從(cong)1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)始(shi)，鄒城(cheng)市人民政(zheng)府投入巨(ju)資對荒(huang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)陵進行修復(fu)建設，歷時兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)，今日(ri)的荒(huang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)陵重現(xian)昔日(ri)雄(xiong)姿。現(xian)已建立了朱檀(tan)墓文物管理所，復(fu)制文物近300件(jian)，按墓內原(yuan)貌布(bu)置陣列，每年(nian)(nian)(nian)都吸引著大批中外游人來(lai)此覽(lan)勝(sheng)，現(xian)已被公布(bu)為(wei)山(shan)東省重點文物保護單(dan)位。附：魯荒(huang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)世襲(xi)表魯荒(huang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)檀(tan)，太(tai)祖庶(shu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，洪(hong)武三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)封(feng)(feng)(feng)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)就藩兗州(zhou)府。二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。靖王(wang)(wang)(wang)肇輝(hui)，荒(huang)庶(shu)一(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，永樂元年(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)。成化二(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)泰堪，靖嫡一(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，成化三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)。九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。莊王(wang)(wang)(wang)陽(yang)鑄，惠(hui)嫡一(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，成化十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)，嘉(jia)(jia)靖二(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。當漇，莊嫡一(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，成化十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)封(feng)(feng)(feng)世子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，弘治(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。以孫(sun)觀火定 襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)，追封(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)。溢(yi)曰(yue)懷。健(jian)木戈 ，懷嫡一(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，弘治(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)封(feng)(feng)(feng)世孫(sun)。正德十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)，以子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)觀火定 襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)。追封(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)，溢(yi)曰(yue)悼。端王(wang)(wang)(wang)觀火定 ，悼嫡一(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，嘉(jia)(jia)靖七年(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)。二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。恭(gong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)頤(yi)坦(tan)，端一(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，嘉(jia)(jia)靖三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)。萬歷二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。敬王(wang)(wang)(wang)壽(shou)增，恭(gong)庶(shu)六(liu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，初封(feng)(feng)(feng)富平王(wang)(wang)(wang)。二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。無(wu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。憲王(wang)(wang)(wang)壽(shou)钅宏(hong)，恭(gong)庶(shu)七子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，初封(feng)(feng)(feng)常德王(wang)(wang)(wang)。萬歷二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)進封(feng)(feng)(feng)。崇禎(zhen)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。無(wu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。肅王(wang)(wang)(wang)壽(shou)鏞、恭(gong)庶(shu)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，初封(feng)(feng)(feng)泰興王(wang)(wang)(wang)。崇禎(zhen)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)進封(feng)(feng)(feng)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。自朱檀(tan)始(shi)，共傳十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)王(wang)(wang)(wang)，前后(hou)延續達283年(nian)(nian)(nian)，貫穿整個明代。

實用信息

1970年春(chun)，山東省博物(wu)館組織發掘朱檀墓(mu)。墓(mu)室(shi)距(ju)地表(biao)深(shen)20余米，鑿石開(kai)壙(kuang)，砌以磚室(shi)，墓(mu)道居南側。墓(mu)室(shi)前(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)封門(men)墻(qiang)、金(jin)剛(gang)墻(qiang)、墓(mu)室(shi)通長(chang)(chang)20.6米，有(you)(you)兩重門(men)，分(fen)前(qian)(qian)后兩室(shi)，兩室(shi)間有(you)(you)甬道相連，前(qian)(qian)室(shi)前(qian)(qian)部(bu)正(zheng)中置(zhi)一(yi)大(da)缸，內(nei)有(you)(you)一(yi)盞萬年燈；后部(bu)中央設(she)一(yi)紅御(yu)案，案面有(you)(you)藍頂寶匣，內(nei)盛(sheng)“魯王之寶”印(yin)；御(yu)案之前(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)木(mu)雕彩繪俑群，其中武(wu)士俑、儀(yi)仗俑、樂俑、侍衛(wei)俑380個，馬俑24個，車(che)2輛。后室(shi)正(zheng)中朱檀棺槨(guo)置(zhi)磚雕棺床之長(chang)(chang)。因墓(mu)室(shi)長(chang)(chang)年積水(shui)，隨葬品(pin)(pin)6000余件(jian)大(da)多保存完(wan)好，出土有(you)(you)戧金(jin)漆箱、南宋(song)“天風海濤(tao)”琴、織金(jin)緞龍袍、雙層透雕玉帶、冕旒等(deng)衣物(wu)。最珍貴的(de)是保存了宋(song)高宗題跋(ba)的(de)金(jin)粉“葵(kui)花蛺蝶”扇面、元(yuan) 錢選自(zi)跋(ba)的(de)白(bai)蓮手卷和無款金(jin)碧山水(shui)絹(juan)畫三件(jian)等(deng)均為國內(nei)罕見的(de)文(wen)物(wu)珍品(pin)(pin)。以及《四書集注(zhu)》、《通鑒節要》、《杜工部(bu)詩史》等(deng)七種二(er)十余冊(ce)元(yuan)刻本書籍。自(zi)1985年起(qi)，鄒縣（今鄒城市(shi)）人民政府(fu)陸續(xu)修(xiu)復了墓(mu)前(qian)(qian)的(de)陵園建筑，復原了墓(mu)室(shi)的(de)陳(chen)列，并對(dui)外開(kai)放。