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基本介紹

朱檀墓(mu)，又(you)稱魯(lu)荒(huang)王墓(mu)，坐落在鄒城(cheng)市(shi)區北九龍山南麓。朱檀為明太祖朱元璋第(di)十子(zi)。洪武三年(nian)(nian)（1370年(nian)(nian)），出生(sheng)兩個月(yue)受封魯(lu)王，15歲就藩兗(yan)州。他“好文(wen)禮士(shi)，善詩歌”，篤(du)信道教。為求長生(sheng)不老藥，終日焚(fen)香誦經，燒煉“仙丹”，結果“餌金石藥，毒發(fa)(fa)發(fa)(fa)傷目”，洪武二(er)十二(er)年(nian)(nian)薨(hong)，年(nian)(nian)僅19歲。朱元璋惡其荒(huang)唐，謚為“荒(huang)”。墓(mu)坐北面南，依山建造，有巨大的封土(tu)堆，占地1.3萬余(yu)平方米。

景點景觀

歷史魯(lu)王(wang)朱檀(tan)陵墓，座落在(zai)(zai)鄒城(cheng)東北12公里的(de)九龍山南麓，紅墻護圍，松柏掩映，為(wei)埋葬和祭祀朱檀(tan)的(de)地方。據(ju)《明(ming)史》記載，朱檀(tan)，系明(ming)太祖第十子(zi)，洪武(wu)三年(nian)（1370年(nian)）生(sheng)。生(sheng)兩(liang)月而(er)封為(wei)魯(lu)王(wang)。洪武(wu)十八年(nian)（1385年(nian)）15歲(sui)時就(jiu)藩(fan)兗州，轄四州二(er)十三縣。朱檀(tan)“謙恭下(xia)士，博學多(duo)識，好(hao)文禮士，善(shan)詩歌(ge)”，甚為(wei)朱元(yuan)璋所喜愛。但住(zhu)進兗州魯(lu)王(wang)府后，誤入邪路，信奉道教，終(zhong)日焚香誦(song)經，燒煉(lian)“仙丹”，求(qiu)不老之藥(yao)，希(xi)冀(ji)長生(sheng)，結果(guo)卻“餌(er)金石藥(yao)，毒發傷目”，僅活(huo)了(le)19歲(sui)。朱元(yuan)璋獲悉后十分惱(nao)怒，認為(wei)他的(de)行為(wei)實在(zai)(zai)荒(huang)唐，遂賜惡謚曰“荒(huang)王(wang)”。 [2]

明魯(lu)荒(huang)王墓(mu)未經(jing)盜(dao)掘，經(jing)過清理(li)，共出土遺(yi)物1100余件，其中(zhong)珍品文物有(you)織金(jin)(jin)緞龍袍、九旒冕、九縫(feng)皮弁(biàn，古(gu)代男子戴的帽子)、“魯(lu)王之寶”貼(tie)金(jin)(jin)木印、金(jin)(jin)鑲玉透雕玉帶、唐代“天風海濤”琴、宋高(gao)宗題詩扇面、元代錢選白蓮(lian)手卷、元版古(gu)籍(ji)、戧金(jin)(jin)云(yun)龍紋漆箱、青白釉(you)云(yun)龍紋罐、等(deng)等(deng)。

擇(ze)選風水寶地不惜人力財力，大興土木(mu)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)其修建(jian)(jian)(jian)了這(zhe)處(chu)規模宏(hong)大的(de)陵(ling)墓。荒王(wang)陵(ling)，背依九(jiu)龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)（為(wei)(wei)(wei)九(jiu)龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)第(di)一峰，號(hao)稱(cheng)“龍(long)(long)頭(tou)”，又名(ming)“玄(xuan)武”），東有臥虎山(shan)(shan)，西有玉皇山(shan)(shan)（又名(ming)曰“青龍(long)(long)”、“白虎”），南與(yu)朱雀山(shan)(shan)遙遙相對，按古(gu)代(dai)(dai)“四神方(fang)(fang)位”定穴。《禮(li)記·曲禮(li)上(shang)(shang)(shang)》：“行前朱鳥而后(hou)玄(xuan)武”。下(xia)有白馬泉(quan)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)白馬河源(yuan)頭(tou)。陵(ling)園(yuan)(yuan)居高(gao)臨下(xia)，向陽瀕水，四望(wang)山(shan)(shan)川回環，林木(mu)葳蕤，風景(jing)如畫。不僅是一處(chu)人間勝境，還是一座典型(xing)的(de)明代(dai)(dai)親王(wang)陵(ling)園(yuan)(yuan)。陵(ling)區原占地面(mian)積7萬平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)，規模宏(hong)大，氣勢莊嚴，分為(wei)(wei)(wei)陵(ling)園(yuan)(yuan)和地宮兩(liang)部(bu)分。陵(ling)園(yuan)(yuan)：陵(ling)區分內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)和外城(cheng)(cheng)，修有內(nei)外護城(cheng)(cheng)河。進入神道的(de)第(di)一座門(men)坊(fang)是午朝門(men)，前為(wei)(wei)(wei)單拱(gong)(gong)石(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)，名(ming)“御橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)”。石(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)攔板(ban)上(shang)(shang)(shang)飾有透雕(diao)的(de)寶瓶靈芝等圖案(an)。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)東西兩(liang)側既是白馬二泉(quan)，泉(quan)水明澈，常年不涸(he)，號(hao)稱(cheng)“龍(long)(long)泉(quan)”。過“御橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)”便是內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)環以(yi)四周的(de)紅墻(qiang)高(gao)3.70米(mi)，寬0.70米(mi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)冰盤檐(yan)式磚石(shi)結構，陵(ling)園(yuan)(yuan)分前后(hou)兩(liang)進院(yuan)落，布局嚴謹，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑典雅(ya)富麗。南門(men)三(san)座，中門(men)獨(du)高(gao)，旁門(men)稍矮，翼然并列(lie)，系門(men)洞(dong)式斗拱(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑。雕(diao)梁(liang)畫棟，色(se)彩(cai)絢(xuan)麗，重檐(yan)斗拱(gong)(gong)，凌空欲飛，中門(men)坊(fang)額上(shang)(shang)(shang)書“荒王(wang)陵(ling)”三(san)個(ge)鎏金大字。第(di)二道門(men)與(yu)南門(men)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑在同一條中軸線(xian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)四柱(zhu)三(san)楹(ying)式歇(xie)(xie)山(shan)(shan)飛檐(yan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑。后(hou)部(bu)有享殿(dian)(dian)，殿(dian)(dian)七楹(ying)，歇(xie)(xie)山(shan)(shan)重檐(yan)飛角(jiao)(jiao)，是當年祭祀魯王(wang)朱檀的(de)殿(dian)(dian)宇(yu)。據說當年內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)的(de)四角(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)還建(jian)(jian)(jian)有角(jiao)(jiao)樓。

地(di)宮：出陵(ling)園后(hou)門(men)(men)(men)便是(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)明(ming)樓，是(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)下(xia)宮殿的(de)重要(yao)標志。方(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)7.2米(mi)(mi)，周圍建有(you)(you)(you)2.70米(mi)(mi)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)的(de)回廊(lang)，供游(you)人飽覽(lan)陵(ling)區風光。方(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)上(shang)(shang)建有(you)(you)(you)明(ming)樓，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)歇山式(shi)飛檐斗拱建筑(zhu)，氣(qi)勢(shi)雄偉(wei)。方(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)后(hou)便是(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)宮。地(di)宮距地(di)表(biao)深26米(mi)(mi)，由墓(mu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、前(qian)室(shi)(shi)、后(hou)室(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)部分(fen)組成，依(yi)山鑿石(shi)開(kai)擴，青(qing)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)筑(zhu)室(shi)(shi)，上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)大(da)(da)封土。地(di)宮建有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)石(shi)門(men)(men)(men)，墓(mu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)全長(chang)50余米(mi)(mi)，并(bing)筑(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)用石(shi)灰和糯(nuo)米(mi)(mi)汁混合澆鑄而(er)成的(de)三(san)(san)道(dao)(dao)(dao)擋土墻(qiang)。墓(mu)門(men)(men)(men)前(qian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一道(dao)(dao)(dao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)8.86米(mi)(mi)的(de)封土墻(qiang)，墻(qiang)后(hou)便是(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)8.20米(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)5.35米(mi)(mi)的(de)紅(hong)色(se)金(jin)剛墻(qiang)，墻(qiang)沿飾綠色(se)琉璃瓦和吻獸。第(di)一道(dao)(dao)(dao)門(men)(men)(men)位于(yu)入洞口(kou)1.50米(mi)(mi)的(de)甬道(dao)(dao)(dao)中(zhong)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雙扉樞軸式(shi)。門(men)(men)(men)以巨石(shi)制(zhi)成，高(gao)(gao)(gao)2.40米(mi)(mi)，寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)1.30米(mi)(mi)，厚0.18—0.20米(mi)(mi)，每扇重約(yue)2噸，門(men)(men)(men)樞鑲(xiang)有(you)(you)(you)重約(yue)15公斤的(de)合金(jin)銅套。門(men)(men)(men)的(de)正面(mian)雕(diao)有(you)(you)(you)縱橫(heng)九排(pai)門(men)(men)(men)釘(ding)和鐵(tie)質涂金(jin)的(de)鋪首(shou)(shou)銜環。石(shi)門(men)(men)(men)涂紅(hong)漆(qi)，釘(ding)貼(tie)金(jin)，六(liu)百年后(hou)的(de)今(jin)天，色(se)澤(ze)仍十分(fen)鮮(xian)艷。這第(di)一道(dao)(dao)(dao)門(men)(men)(men)即為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)前(qian)室(shi)(shi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)拱券(quan)式(shi)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)結(jie)構，磨光方(fang)(fang)(fang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)鋪地(di)。南(nan)北長(chang)8.25米(mi)(mi)，東(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)5.25米(mi)(mi)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)4米(mi)(mi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)向券(quan)頂。墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)建筑(zhu)規(gui)模宏偉(wei)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)大(da)(da)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)敞，堅固嚴密(mi)，防水性強，在建筑(zhu)藝(yi)術上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)獨(du)到之處。前(qian)部當(dang)中(zhong)置一大(da)(da)瓷缸，直(zhi)徑1.70米(mi)(mi)，內(nei)(nei)(nei)裝(zhuang)鐵(tie)燈(deng)芯座、豆油(you)，稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)長(chang)明(ming)燈(deng)，又叫萬年燈(deng)。后(hou)部中(zhong)間(jian)設有(you)(you)(you)一張朱(zhu)(zhu)紅(hong)御案(an)，案(an)上(shang)(shang)放盝頂寶(bao)匣三(san)(san)只(zhi)。內(nei)(nei)(nei)裝(zhuang)木(mu)(mu)制(zhi)帖金(jin)的(de)“魯(lu)王(wang)之寶(bao)”金(jin)印。室(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)還隨(sui)葬(zang)有(you)(you)(you)龐大(da)(da)的(de)木(mu)(mu)雕(diao)彩繪俑(yong)群(qun)，共(gong)432件(jian)，分(fen)別為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀仗俑(yong)和樂(le)俑(yong)。木(mu)(mu)俑(yong)雕(diao)刻精細，刀法(fa)簡練，神態(tai)各異(yi)，手持各種儀仗和樂(le)器，其中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)拱手而(er)立的(de)文官和身(shen)(shen)(shen)材(cai)魁偉(wei)的(de)侍衛。尤為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)引人注目的(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一匹高(gao)(gao)(gao)頭(tou)大(da)(da)馬，昂首(shou)(shou)而(er)立，是(shi)(shi)(shi)出土24匹馬中(zhong)最(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)健(jian)壯肥(fei)大(da)(da)華麗(li)的(de)一匹。第(di)二道(dao)(dao)(dao)石(shi)門(men)(men)(men)與前(qian)門(men)(men)(men)基(ji)本相同，兩(liang)室(shi)(shi)間(jian)有(you)(you)(you)一甬道(dao)(dao)(dao)。后(hou)室(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)棺(guan)室(shi)(shi)，東(dong)西(xi)(xi)長(chang)8.20米(mi)(mi)，南(nan)北寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)5.45米(mi)(mi)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)5.50米(mi)(mi)。中(zhong)部砌有(you)(you)(you)南(nan)北3.85米(mi)(mi)、東(dong)西(xi)(xi)3.10米(mi)(mi)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)0.50米(mi)(mi)的(de)須彌(mi)座式(shi)棺(guan)床(chuang)，朱(zhu)(zhu)漆(qi)楠木(mu)(mu)棺(guan)槨置于(yu)棺(guan)床(chuang)上(shang)(shang)。棺(guan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)朱(zhu)(zhu)檀身(shen)(shen)(shen)著(zhu)龍袍，腰束(shu)玉帶，頭(tou)貫(guan)金(jin)簪，身(shen)(shen)(shen)下(xia)鋪19枚金(jin)錢。棺(guan)床(chuang)兩(liang)邊各有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)張木(mu)(mu)桌和兩(liang)個描(miao)金(jin)木(mu)(mu)箱。箱內(nei)(nei)(nei)裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)(you)冠(guan)、袍、靴、衣(yi)、帽(mao)、玉圭、玉帶和梳(shu)妝具等(deng)。桌上(shang)(shang)擺放著(zhu)文房四寶(bao)和琴棋(qi)詩畫等(deng)物(wu)。東(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)壁(bi)并(bing)擺著(zhu)葬(zang)儀用的(de)匾(bian)牌(pai)。其它隨(sui)葬(zang)品為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)木(mu)(mu)、竹、銅、錫制(zhi)作(zuo)的(de)一些小冥(ming)器和瓷器等(deng)。

出(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)珍貴(gui)文(wen)物：朱(zhu)(zhu)檀墓共(gong)出(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)各(ge)類(lei)文(wen)物1100余件，保存基本完(wan)好(hao)，這(zhe)批(pi)豐(feng)富寶貴(gui)文(wen)物的(de)出(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)，對研究明(ming)初社(she)會(hui)政(zheng)治(zhi)、經濟、文(wen)化以(yi)及(ji)官(guan)制、輿(yu)服、紡織、書法、繪畫等提供了極(ji)為(wei)珍貴(gui)的(de)資料。朱(zhu)(zhu)檀墓文(wen)物曾在(zai)我國北京和日(ri)本展出(chu)(chu)，引起人們極(ji)大的(de)興趣。

出土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)量隨葬品大(da)致(zhi)分(fen)(fen)為冠服、儀仗、家具、和(he)文房四寶(bao)(bao)、琴(qin)(qin)(qin)棋書(shu)(shu)畫(hua)(hua)幾類，其(qi)中最突出的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)“王冠”。此冠通(tong)(tong)高(gao)18厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，長(chang)49.4厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬30厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。系藤篾(mie)編制(zhi)，鑲以(yi)(yi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)圈、金(jin)(jin)(jin)邊、冠兩側飾(shi)(shi)梅花穿(chuan)(chuan)，貫一(yi)(yi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)簪。九旒、旒貫紅(hong)(hong)、白(bai)、青、黃(huang)(huang)、黑(hei)五色(se)(se)玉(yu)(yu)珠。它(ta)(ta)體現(xian)了魯王朱(zhu)(zhu)檀的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)貴(gui)地位。出土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)袍(pao)(pao)服衣(yi)著(zhu)之(zhi)類，有(you)(you)盤(pan)領(ling)(ling)窄袖(xiu)(xiu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)織(zhi)龍(long)(long)(long)袍(pao)(pao)，中紗單袍(pao)(pao)和(he)交領(ling)(ling)暗(an)花云(yun)(yun)紋(wen)袍(pao)(pao)，織(zhi)錦圖(tu)案(an)非(fei)常漂(piao)亮，大(da)多(duo)(duo)用金(jin)(jin)(jin)線織(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)。龍(long)(long)(long)袍(pao)(pao)是(shi)朱(zhu)(zhu)檀在大(da)典的(de)(de)(de)日子里(li)穿(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)，身長(chang)1.30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，袖(xiu)(xiu)長(chang)約1.10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，交領(ling)(ling)窄袖(xiu)(xiu)，米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)，兩肩及胸背(bei)上繡金(jin)(jin)(jin)織(zhi)盤(pan)龍(long)(long)(long)云(yun)(yun)紋(wen)，袖(xiu)(xiu)及膝欄飾(shi)(shi)行龍(long)(long)(long)云(yun)(yun)紋(wen)花草、胸下(xia)部飾(shi)(shi)三組九行盤(pan)線，圖(tu)案(an)花色(se)(se)豐富多(duo)(duo)彩，對了解和(he)研(yan)究明(ming)代(dai)絲織(zhi)品有(you)(you)重要(yao)參考價值。玉(yu)(yu)制(zhi)品在出土(tu)文物(wu)中占較大(da)比例，其(qi)中有(you)(you)件玉(yu)(yu)帶，玉(yu)(yu)質(zhi)潤(run)澤(ze)，刻(ke)工精美。它(ta)(ta)以(yi)(yi)25節(jie)(jie)(jie)羊脂(zhi)玉(yu)(yu)組成(cheng)(cheng)，用金(jin)(jin)(jin)片(pian)鑲嵌，雕有(you)(you)縷空(kong)靈(ling)芝圖(tu)案(an)。帶頭三節(jie)(jie)(jie)用雙層(ceng)透花金(jin)(jin)(jin)片(pian)鑲嵌著(zhu)一(yi)(yi)顆(ke)藍寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)、兩顆(ke)較小藍寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)、十(shi)二(er)顆(ke)紅(hong)(hong)寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)、八粒珍(zhen)珠、六顆(ke)綠(lv)(lv)松(song)石(shi)、兩塊長(chang)方形螢石(shi)(分(fen)(fen)別(bie)呈綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)，粉(fen)色(se)(se))，一(yi)(yi)顆(ke)祖(zu)母綠(lv)(lv)和(he)一(yi)(yi)顆(ke)稀有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)貓眼(yan)寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)，通(tong)(tong)體總計鑲嵌各色(se)(se)寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)33顆(ke)。其(qi)工藝之(zhi)高(gao)超，實(shi)屬(shu)罕見。此外，還(huan)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)只(zhi)白(bai)釉(you)云(yun)(yun)龍(long)(long)(long)紋(wen)蓋罐(guan)，口(kou)徑24.4厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，底徑21.2厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，通(tong)(tong)高(gao)37.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。圓唇，直口(kou)，圓鼓腹(fu)(fu)，平底。胎體厚重，通(tong)(tong)體施青白(bai)色(se)(se)釉(you)。蓋呈倒荷葉(xie)形，脈絡清晰(xi)，寶(bao)(bao)珠鈕。腹(fu)(fu)部刻(ke)暗(an)雙龍(long)(long)(long)紋(wen)，昂首(shou)在云(yun)(yun)中遨游相(xiang)逐，龍(long)(long)(long)紋(wen)上下(xia)間隔以(yi)(yi)卷草紋(wen)為飾(shi)(shi)。出土(tu)時罐(guan)內盛放梨、棗、肉、米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)飯、雞蛋、菜葉(xie)等。和(he)兩塊質(zhi)地分(fen)(fen)別(bie)為碧玉(yu)(yu)和(he)羊脂(zhi)玉(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)玉(yu)(yu)圭，以(yi)(yi)及玉(yu)(yu)硯(yan)、玉(yu)(yu)佩(pei)、玉(yu)(yu)筆管、玉(yu)(yu)筆架(jia)等。從這(zhe)批玉(yu)(yu)器的(de)(de)(de)工藝水(shui)平看，充分(fen)(fen)體現(xian)了我國古(gu)代(dai)勞動(dong)人(ren)(ren)民高(gao)超的(de)(de)(de)技藝和(he)聰明(ming)才智。“天風海濤(tao)”琴(qin)(qin)(qin)。桐木制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)，黑(hei)漆琴(qin)(qin)(qin)身，裂似(si)蛇(she)(she)蚹(fu)，背(bei)刻(ke)篆書(shu)(shu)“天風海濤(tao)”。琴(qin)(qin)(qin)腹(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)龍(long)(long)(long)池、鳳沼兩共鳴槽。龍(long)(long)(long)池內有(you)(you)“圣宋(song)隆(long)興甲申(shen)口(kou)口(kou)，大(da)唐雷(lei)(lei)威親斫”兩行銘文。雷(lei)(lei)威為唐代(dai)制(zhi)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)大(da)師，以(yi)(yi)善(shan)制(zhi)蛇(she)(she)蚹(fu)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)而著(zhu)名。南宋(song)大(da)詩人(ren)(ren)陸游詩云(yun)(yun)：“古(gu)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)蛇(she)(she)蚹(fu)評無價，魚(yu)腸寶(bao)(bao)劍讬(tuo)有(you)(you)靈(ling)”，可見雷(lei)(lei)威制(zhi)作的(de)(de)(de)蛇(she)(she)蚹(fu)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)，在明(ming)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)中實(shi)為傳世珍(zhen)品了。宋(song)葵(kui)花蛺蝶扇(shan)面。高(gao)24.3厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬25.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。絹(juan)本(ben)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)粉(fen)設色(se)(se)，畫(hua)(hua)上方鈐有(you)(you)“皇女(nv)市(shi)圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)”朱(zhu)(zhu)印，左下(xia)方鈐有(you)(you)“司(si)印”二(er)字的(de)(de)(de)騎縫朱(zhu)(zhu)印。背(bei)面有(you)(you)宋(song)高(gao)宗趙構(gou)為葵(kui)花扇(shan)面題的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)字跋文：“白(bai)露才過(guo)催八月(yue)，紫房紅(hong)(hong)葉(xie)共凄涼；黃(huang)(huang)花冷淡無人(ren)(ren)看，獨(du)自傾心向(xiang)夕陽” 元錢(qian)(qian)選工筆白(bai)蓮畫(hua)(hua)。紙本(ben)。高(gao)42厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，長(chang)90.3厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，下(xia)有(you)(you)錢(qian)(qian)選自提七(qi)言詩一(yi)(yi)首(shou)：“裊裊瑤池白(bai)玉(yu)(yu)花，往來青島靜無嘩；幽人(ren)(ren)不飲閑(xian)攜杖，但憶清香伴月(yue)華。”錢(qian)(qian)選，宋(song)末元初人(ren)(ren)。善(shan)畫(hua)(hua)山水(shui)花鳥人(ren)(ren)物(wu)，為元初畫(hua)(hua)界八俊之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。這(zhe)些宋(song)、元古(gu)畫(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)出土(tu)，為研(yan)究我國古(gu)代(dai)書(shu)(shu)畫(hua)(hua)藝術提供了寶(bao)(bao)貴(gui)資料(liao)。隨葬品還(huan)有(you)(you)各種書(shu)(shu)籍(ji)共7種21冊(ce)。有(you)(you)《朱(zhu)(zhu)子訂定蔡氏集傳》、《增入音注(zhu)括例始(shi)末胡文定公春(chun)秋傳》、《四書(shu)(shu)集注(zhu)》、《少(shao)微家塾(shu)點(dian)校附音通(tong)(tong)簽節(jie)(jie)(jie)要(yao)》、《朱(zhu)(zhu)文公校昌黎先生文集》、《黃(huang)(huang)氏補千家注(zhu)紀年杜(du)工部詩史》等。這(zhe)些宋(song)元版(ban)本(ben)已是(shi)傳世珍(zhen)品，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)更是(shi)海內孤本(ben)，實(shi)為瑰寶(bao)(bao)。

中國歷代帝王為了顯示地位和(he)尊(zun)貴，提倡(chang)“厚(hou)葬以(yi)明孝(xiao)”，不惜(xi)動(dong)用(yong)大(da)量(liang)人(ren)力(li)(li)(li)物力(li)(li)(li)修建(jian)巨大(da)的陵墓，朱檀陵園的建(jian)造，在當時實為一項浩大(da)的系統(tong)工(gong)程(cheng)。僅掘石(shi)開擴，填積封(feng)土，動(dong)用(yong)土石(shi)方(fang)量(liang)約計20余萬立(li)方(fang)米。這座具有600多年歷史的古建(jian)筑群，充分展示了古代勞動(dong)人(ren)民(min)的智(zhi)慧和(he)力(li)(li)(li)量(liang)。

1970年春(chun)至(zhi)(zhi)1971年，山(shan)(shan)東省(sheng)、濟(ji)寧(ning)地區(qu)和鄒(zou)縣(xian)考古工作者在有關部門配合下(xia)，對荒王陵地宮進行了發(fa)掘，出土文物1300余種，不僅是山(shan)(shan)東省(sheng)至(zhi)(zhi)今發(fa)現最大的，而且是京南江北最大的地下(xia)宮殿。

從1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)始，鄒城市人(ren)民政府投(tou)入巨資對荒王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)陵進行修復(fu)建(jian)設，歷時兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，今日(ri)的(de)荒王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)陵重(zhong)現(xian)昔日(ri)雄姿(zi)。現(xian)已建(jian)立了朱檀墓(mu)文(wen)物(wu)管(guan)理所，復(fu)制文(wen)物(wu)近(jin)300件，按墓(mu)內(nei)原貌布置陣列(lie)，每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)都吸引著大批(pi)中外(wai)游人(ren)來此(ci)覽勝，現(xian)已被(bei)公布為山東省重(zhong)點文(wen)物(wu)保護單位。附：魯荒王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)世(shi)襲(xi)表魯荒王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)檀，太祖庶(shu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，洪武三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)就藩兗州府。二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨。靖(jing)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)肇輝，荒庶(shu)一子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，永樂元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。成化(hua)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨。惠王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)泰(tai)堪，靖(jing)嫡(di)一子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，成化(hua)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨。莊王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)陽(yang)鑄，惠嫡(di)一子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，成化(hua)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，嘉靖(jing)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨。當漇，莊嫡(di)一子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，成化(hua)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)世(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，弘(hong)治(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨。以孫觀(guan)火(huo)(huo)定(ding) 襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，追(zhui)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。溢(yi)曰(yue)懷。健(jian)木(mu)戈 ，懷嫡(di)一子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，弘(hong)治(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)世(shi)孫。正德(de)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨，以子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)觀(guan)火(huo)(huo)定(ding) 襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。追(zhui)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，溢(yi)曰(yue)悼。端(duan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)觀(guan)火(huo)(huo)定(ding) ，悼嫡(di)一子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，嘉靖(jing)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨。恭(gong)(gong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)頤坦，端(duan)一子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，嘉靖(jing)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。萬(wan)歷二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨。敬(jing)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)壽(shou)增，恭(gong)(gong)庶(shu)六子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，初(chu)(chu)(chu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)富平(ping)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨。無子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。憲王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)壽(shou)钅宏，恭(gong)(gong)庶(shu)七(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，初(chu)(chu)(chu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)常(chang)德(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。萬(wan)歷二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)進封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。崇(chong)禎(zhen)九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨。無子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。肅(su)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)壽(shou)鏞(yong)、恭(gong)(gong)庶(shu)九(jiu)(jiu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，初(chu)(chu)(chu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)泰(tai)興王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。崇(chong)禎(zhen)九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)進封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨。自朱檀始，共傳(chuan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，前(qian)后延續達283年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，貫(guan)穿整個明代(dai)。

實用信息

1970年(nian)春，山東省博物(wu)館組織發掘朱檀墓(mu)(mu)。墓(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)距地表深20余米，鑿石開壙，砌以(yi)磚(zhuan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，墓(mu)(mu)道居南側。墓(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)前有封門(men)墻(qiang)、金(jin)(jin)剛(gang)墻(qiang)、墓(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)長20.6米，有兩(liang)(liang)重門(men)，分前后(hou)(hou)兩(liang)(liang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，兩(liang)(liang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間有甬道相連(lian)，前室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)前部正中置(zhi)一(yi)大缸(gang)，內(nei)有一(yi)盞萬(wan)年(nian)燈；后(hou)(hou)部中央設一(yi)紅御案(an)，案(an)面(mian)有藍頂寶匣，內(nei)盛(sheng)“魯王(wang)之寶”印；御案(an)之前有木雕彩繪俑(yong)(yong)群(qun)，其中武士俑(yong)(yong)、儀仗(zhang)俑(yong)(yong)、樂俑(yong)(yong)、侍衛俑(yong)(yong)380個，馬俑(yong)(yong)24個，車2輛。后(hou)(hou)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正中朱檀棺(guan)槨置(zhi)磚(zhuan)雕棺(guan)床之長。因墓(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)長年(nian)積水，隨葬品(pin)6000余件大多保(bao)存完好，出土(tu)有戧金(jin)(jin)漆箱、南宋“天(tian)風海濤”琴、織金(jin)(jin)緞(duan)龍(long)袍、雙(shuang)層透雕玉帶、冕旒(liu)等衣物(wu)。最珍貴的是(shi)保(bao)存了(le)宋高宗題跋的金(jin)(jin)粉“葵花(hua)蛺蝶”扇面(mian)、元(yuan) 錢(qian)選自(zi)跋的白蓮手(shou)卷和無款(kuan)金(jin)(jin)碧山水絹(juan)畫三(san)件等均為國(guo)內(nei)罕見的文物(wu)珍品(pin)。以(yi)及(ji)《四書(shu)集注》、《通(tong)鑒(jian)節(jie)要》、《杜工部詩史(shi)》等七種二十余冊元(yuan)刻本書(shu)籍。自(zi)1985年(nian)起，鄒(zou)縣(xian)（今(jin)鄒(zou)城(cheng)市）人(ren)民政府陸續(xu)修(xiu)復(fu)了(le)墓(mu)(mu)前的陵園建筑，復(fu)原了(le)墓(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的陳(chen)列，并對外(wai)開放。