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基本介紹

朱檀(tan)墓(mu)(mu)，又稱魯荒王墓(mu)(mu)，坐落在(zai)鄒城市區北九龍(long)山南麓。朱檀(tan)為(wei)明太祖朱元璋第十子。洪(hong)(hong)武(wu)三年(nian)（1370年(nian)），出生兩(liang)個月(yue)受封魯王，15歲(sui)就(jiu)藩兗州。他“好文禮士(shi)，善詩(shi)歌”，篤(du)信(xin)道教。為(wei)求長生不(bu)老藥，終日焚(fen)香誦經，燒煉“仙丹”，結果“餌金石藥，毒發發傷目(mu)”，洪(hong)(hong)武(wu)二十二年(nian)薨，年(nian)僅19歲(sui)。朱元璋惡其荒唐，謚為(wei)“荒”。墓(mu)(mu)坐北面南，依(yi)山建造，有巨大的(de)封土堆，占地1.3萬余(yu)平方米。

景點景觀

歷史(shi)(shi)魯(lu)王朱(zhu)(zhu)檀陵墓，座落在鄒(zou)城東北(bei)12公里的(de)九龍(long)山(shan)南麓，紅墻護(hu)圍(wei)，松柏掩映，為(wei)(wei)埋葬和祭祀朱(zhu)(zhu)檀的(de)地方。據(ju)《明史(shi)(shi)》記載，朱(zhu)(zhu)檀，系(xi)明太祖第十(shi)子，洪武(wu)三年(nian)（1370年(nian)）生。生兩月而封為(wei)(wei)魯(lu)王。洪武(wu)十(shi)八年(nian)（1385年(nian)）15歲時就藩兗州，轄四州二十(shi)三縣(xian)。朱(zhu)(zhu)檀“謙恭(gong)下士，博學多識，好文禮士，善詩歌”，甚為(wei)(wei)朱(zhu)(zhu)元璋(zhang)所(suo)喜愛。但住進兗州魯(lu)王府后，誤入邪(xie)路，信奉道教，終(zhong)日焚香誦經，燒煉“仙丹”，求不老之藥，希(xi)冀長生，結(jie)果(guo)卻“餌金(jin)石藥，毒發傷目”，僅活了(le)19歲。朱(zhu)(zhu)元璋(zhang)獲悉(xi)后十(shi)分惱怒，認為(wei)(wei)他(ta)的(de)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)實在荒唐，遂賜惡謚曰“荒王”。 [2]

明魯荒王(wang)墓未經(jing)盜掘，經(jing)過(guo)清(qing)理，共出土(tu)遺物(wu)1100余件，其中珍品文物(wu)有(you)織金(jin)緞龍袍、九旒冕、九縫皮弁(biàn，古代(dai)男子戴(dai)的帽子)、“魯王(wang)之寶(bao)”貼金(jin)木印、金(jin)鑲玉透雕玉帶、唐代(dai)“天風海濤(tao)”琴、宋高宗題詩扇面(mian)、元代(dai)錢選(xuan)白(bai)(bai)蓮(lian)手(shou)卷、元版(ban)古籍(ji)、戧金(jin)云龍紋漆箱(xiang)、青白(bai)(bai)釉云龍紋罐(guan)、等等。

擇選風(feng)水寶(bao)地不(bu)惜人力財力，大(da)興土木，為(wei)其修建(jian)(jian)了(le)這處規模宏大(da)的(de)(de)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)墓。荒王(wang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)，背依九龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)（為(wei)九龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)第一(yi)(yi)峰，號稱“龍(long)(long)(long)頭”，又名“玄武(wu)”），東有(you)臥(wo)虎(hu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，西有(you)玉皇山(shan)(shan)(shan)（又名曰“青龍(long)(long)(long)”、“白虎(hu)”），南與朱雀山(shan)(shan)(shan)遙(yao)遙(yao)相對(dui)，按古代“四神(shen)方(fang)位”定(ding)穴。《禮記·曲禮上》：“行前(qian)(qian)朱鳥而后玄武(wu)”。下有(you)白馬泉(quan)，為(wei)白馬河源(yuan)頭。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園(yuan)(yuan)居高臨下，向(xiang)陽(yang)瀕水，四望山(shan)(shan)(shan)川回環(huan)，林木葳蕤(rui)，風(feng)景如畫。不(bu)僅是一(yi)(yi)處人間勝境，還是一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)典型的(de)(de)明代親(qin)王(wang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園(yuan)(yuan)。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)區原占地面積7萬平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，規模宏大(da)，氣勢莊嚴(yan)，分為(wei)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園(yuan)(yuan)和地宮(gong)兩(liang)部分。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園(yuan)(yuan)：陵(ling)(ling)(ling)區分內城(cheng)(cheng)和外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)，修有(you)內外(wai)護城(cheng)(cheng)河。進入神(shen)道(dao)的(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)門(men)(men)坊是午(wu)朝(chao)門(men)(men)，前(qian)(qian)為(wei)單拱(gong)石橋，名“御(yu)橋”。石橋攔板上飾有(you)透(tou)雕(diao)的(de)(de)寶(bao)瓶靈芝等圖(tu)案。橋東西兩(liang)側既是白馬二泉(quan)，泉(quan)水明澈，常年(nian)不(bu)涸，號稱“龍(long)(long)(long)泉(quan)”。過(guo)“御(yu)橋”便是內城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)。內城(cheng)(cheng)分為(wei)環(huan)以(yi)四周(zhou)的(de)(de)紅墻高3.70米(mi)(mi)，寬0.70米(mi)(mi)，為(wei)冰盤檐(yan)式磚石結構(gou)，陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園(yuan)(yuan)分前(qian)(qian)后兩(liang)進院落(luo)，布局嚴(yan)謹，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)典雅富麗。南門(men)(men)三(san)座(zuo)，中(zhong)門(men)(men)獨高，旁門(men)(men)稍矮，翼然并(bing)列，系門(men)(men)洞(dong)式斗拱(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。雕(diao)梁畫棟，色彩絢(xuan)麗，重(zhong)檐(yan)斗拱(gong)，凌空欲飛，中(zhong)門(men)(men)坊額上書“荒王(wang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)”三(san)個鎏(liu)金大(da)字(zi)。第二道(dao)門(men)(men)與南門(men)(men)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)在同一(yi)(yi)條中(zhong)軸線上，為(wei)四柱(zhu)三(san)楹(ying)(ying)式歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)飛檐(yan)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。后部有(you)享殿(dian)，殿(dian)七楹(ying)(ying)，歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)重(zhong)檐(yan)飛角，是當年(nian)祭(ji)祀魯王(wang)朱檀的(de)(de)殿(dian)宇。據說(shuo)當年(nian)內城(cheng)(cheng)墻的(de)(de)四角上還建(jian)(jian)有(you)角樓。

地(di)宮(gong)：出(chu)陵園后(hou)(hou)門便是(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)明樓，是(shi)(shi)地(di)下宮(gong)殿(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要標志。方(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)7.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，周圍建(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)2.70米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)寬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回廊，供游人飽(bao)覽陵區風光(guang)。方(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)上(shang)(shang)建(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)明樓，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)歇(xie)山(shan)式飛檐斗拱建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)，氣勢雄偉(wei)。方(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)后(hou)(hou)便是(shi)(shi)地(di)宮(gong)。地(di)宮(gong)距地(di)表深26米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，由墓道(dao)、前(qian)室(shi)(shi)、后(hou)(hou)室(shi)(shi)三部分組成，依山(shan)鑿石(shi)開(kai)擴(kuo)，青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)筑(zhu)(zhu)室(shi)(shi)，上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)大封(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)。地(di)宮(gong)建(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)兩道(dao)石(shi)門，墓道(dao)全長50余(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，并(bing)筑(zhu)(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)用石(shi)灰和糯米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)汁混(hun)合(he)澆鑄而(er)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三道(dao)擋土(tu)(tu)(tu)墻(qiang)。墓門前(qian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)道(dao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)8.86米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)墻(qiang)，墻(qiang)后(hou)(hou)便是(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)8.20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬5.35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紅色(se)(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)剛墻(qiang)，墻(qiang)沿(yan)飾綠色(se)(se)琉璃瓦(wa)和吻(wen)獸。第一(yi)道(dao)門位于(yu)入洞口(kou)1.50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甬道(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雙扉樞軸式。門以巨石(shi)制(zhi)成，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)2.40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬1.30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，厚0.18—0.20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，每扇重約2噸，門樞鑲有(you)(you)(you)重約15公斤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)銅套(tao)。門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)面雕有(you)(you)(you)縱橫(heng)九排(pai)門釘和鐵質涂(tu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋪(pu)首(shou)銜環(huan)。石(shi)門涂(tu)紅漆，釘貼(tie)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，六百年后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)今(jin)天，色(se)(se)澤仍(reng)十分鮮艷。這第一(yi)道(dao)門即為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)前(qian)室(shi)(shi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)拱券式磚(zhuan)(zhuan)結構(gou)，磨(mo)光(guang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)鋪(pu)地(di)。南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)長8.25米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)寬5.25米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)向(xiang)券頂(ding)。墓室(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)規模宏(hong)偉(wei)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)大寬敞，堅(jian)固嚴密，防水性(xing)強(qiang)，在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)藝(yi)術上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)獨到之處。前(qian)部當(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)置一(yi)大瓷缸，直徑(jing)1.70米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，內(nei)裝鐵燈芯(xin)座、豆油，稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)長明燈，又叫萬年燈。后(hou)(hou)部中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)設有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)張朱(zhu)紅御案，案上(shang)(shang)放(fang)盝頂(ding)寶匣三只。內(nei)裝木(mu)(mu)制(zhi)帖金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“魯王之寶”金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)印。室(shi)(shi)內(nei)還隨(sui)葬有(you)(you)(you)龐大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)雕彩繪(hui)俑(yong)(yong)群，共432件，分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀仗俑(yong)(yong)和樂(le)俑(yong)(yong)。木(mu)(mu)俑(yong)(yong)雕刻精細，刀法簡(jian)練，神態各(ge)異，手持(chi)各(ge)種儀仗和樂(le)器(qi)，其中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)拱手而(er)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文官和身(shen)材魁偉(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)侍衛。尤為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)引人注目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)匹高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頭(tou)大馬(ma)，昂首(shou)而(er)立(li)，是(shi)(shi)出(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)24匹馬(ma)中(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)健壯肥大華麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)匹。第二道(dao)石(shi)門與前(qian)門基本(ben)相同，兩室(shi)(shi)間(jian)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)甬道(dao)。后(hou)(hou)室(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)棺(guan)室(shi)(shi)，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)長8.20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)寬5.45米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)5.50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。中(zhong)(zhong)部砌有(you)(you)(you)南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)3.85米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、東(dong)(dong)西(xi)3.10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)0.50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)須彌(mi)座式棺(guan)床(chuang)，朱(zhu)漆楠木(mu)(mu)棺(guan)槨(guo)置于(yu)棺(guan)床(chuang)上(shang)(shang)。棺(guan)內(nei)朱(zhu)檀身(shen)著龍袍，腰束玉帶，頭(tou)貫(guan)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)簪，身(shen)下鋪(pu)19枚金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)錢。棺(guan)床(chuang)兩邊各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)兩張木(mu)(mu)桌和兩個描金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)木(mu)(mu)箱。箱內(nei)裝有(you)(you)(you)冠、袍、靴、衣(yi)、帽(mao)、玉圭、玉帶和梳妝具等。桌上(shang)(shang)擺放(fang)著文房四寶和琴(qin)棋詩畫(hua)等物(wu)。東(dong)(dong)西(xi)兩壁(bi)并(bing)擺著葬儀用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匾牌。其它隨(sui)葬品(pin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)木(mu)(mu)、竹、銅、錫制(zhi)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些小(xiao)冥器(qi)和瓷器(qi)等。

出土(tu)(tu)珍貴文(wen)(wen)物(wu)：朱(zhu)(zhu)檀墓共出土(tu)(tu)各類文(wen)(wen)物(wu)1100余(yu)件，保存(cun)基本(ben)完好，這批豐富寶貴文(wen)(wen)物(wu)的(de)出土(tu)(tu)，對研究(jiu)明初社會(hui)政治、經濟、文(wen)(wen)化以及官制、輿(yu)服、紡織、書法(fa)、繪畫等提供(gong)了極(ji)為(wei)珍貴的(de)資料(liao)。朱(zhu)(zhu)檀墓文(wen)(wen)物(wu)曾在我國北京和(he)日本(ben)展出，引起人們極(ji)大的(de)興(xing)趣(qu)。

出(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)量隨葬品(pin)大(da)(da)致分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)冠服、儀仗、家具、和(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)房四(si)寶(bao)(bao)、琴(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)棋書(shu)(shu)畫(hua)(hua)幾類(lei)，其(qi)(qi)中最突出(chu)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)“王冠”。此冠通(tong)(tong)高(gao)(gao)18厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)，長(chang)49.4厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)，寬30厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)。系藤篾編(bian)制(zhi)，鑲(xiang)以金圈、金邊、冠兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)飾梅(mei)花(hua)穿(chuan)，貫(guan)(guan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)金簪。九旒、旒貫(guan)(guan)紅(hong)、白(bai)、青、黃、黑(hei)五(wu)色(se)(se)玉(yu)(yu)珠(zhu)(zhu)。它(ta)(ta)體(ti)現了魯王朱檀的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)貴地位。出(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)袍服衣著之類(lei)，有(you)(you)(you)盤(pan)(pan)領窄袖金織(zhi)(zhi)龍(long)(long)(long)袍，中紗單袍和(he)(he)交(jiao)領暗花(hua)云(yun)紋袍，織(zhi)(zhi)錦圖(tu)案非常漂亮，大(da)(da)多(duo)用(yong)金線織(zhi)(zhi)成。龍(long)(long)(long)袍是(shi)(shi)朱檀在大(da)(da)典的(de)(de)日(ri)子(zi)里穿(chuan)的(de)(de)，身長(chang)1.30米(mi)，袖長(chang)約1.10米(mi)，交(jiao)領窄袖，米(mi)黃色(se)(se)，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)肩及胸背上繡金織(zhi)(zhi)盤(pan)(pan)龍(long)(long)(long)云(yun)紋，袖及膝欄飾行龍(long)(long)(long)云(yun)紋花(hua)草(cao)、胸下部飾三組(zu)九行盤(pan)(pan)線，圖(tu)案花(hua)色(se)(se)豐富多(duo)彩，對(dui)了解和(he)(he)研(yan)究(jiu)明(ming)代(dai)絲(si)織(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)有(you)(you)(you)重要參考價(jia)值。玉(yu)(yu)制(zhi)品(pin)在出(chu)土(tu)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)中占較大(da)(da)比例，其(qi)(qi)中有(you)(you)(you)件玉(yu)(yu)帶，玉(yu)(yu)質(zhi)潤澤(ze)，刻(ke)(ke)工(gong)精美(mei)。它(ta)(ta)以25節羊脂(zhi)玉(yu)(yu)組(zu)成，用(yong)金片鑲(xiang)嵌，雕(diao)有(you)(you)(you)縷空靈芝圖(tu)案。帶頭三節用(yong)雙(shuang)層透花(hua)金片鑲(xiang)嵌著一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)顆(ke)藍寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)顆(ke)較小(xiao)藍寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、十二(er)顆(ke)紅(hong)寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、八(ba)粒珍珠(zhu)(zhu)、六顆(ke)綠(lv)松石(shi)(shi)(shi)、兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)長(chang)方形(xing)(xing)螢石(shi)(shi)(shi)(分(fen)(fen)別呈綠(lv)色(se)(se)，粉色(se)(se))，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)顆(ke)祖(zu)母(mu)綠(lv)和(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)顆(ke)稀有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)貓眼(yan)寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)，通(tong)(tong)體(ti)總計鑲(xiang)嵌各(ge)色(se)(se)寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)33顆(ke)。其(qi)(qi)工(gong)藝(yi)之高(gao)(gao)超，實(shi)屬罕見。此外，還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)只白(bai)釉(you)云(yun)龍(long)(long)(long)紋蓋(gai)(gai)罐，口徑24.4厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)，底徑21.2厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)，通(tong)(tong)高(gao)(gao)37.5厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)。圓唇，直口，圓鼓腹，平(ping)底。胎體(ti)厚重，通(tong)(tong)體(ti)施(shi)青白(bai)色(se)(se)釉(you)。蓋(gai)(gai)呈倒(dao)荷葉形(xing)(xing)，脈(mo)絡(luo)清(qing)晰，寶(bao)(bao)珠(zhu)(zhu)鈕(niu)。腹部刻(ke)(ke)暗雙(shuang)龍(long)(long)(long)紋，昂首(shou)在云(yun)中遨游相逐，龍(long)(long)(long)紋上下間隔(ge)以卷草(cao)紋為(wei)(wei)(wei)飾。出(chu)土(tu)時罐內(nei)盛放梨、棗、肉、米(mi)飯(fan)、雞(ji)蛋、菜(cai)葉等。和(he)(he)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)質(zhi)地分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)(wei)(wei)碧玉(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)羊脂(zhi)玉(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)玉(yu)(yu)圭，以及玉(yu)(yu)硯、玉(yu)(yu)佩、玉(yu)(yu)筆(bi)管、玉(yu)(yu)筆(bi)架等。從這(zhe)批玉(yu)(yu)器的(de)(de)工(gong)藝(yi)水(shui)平(ping)看(kan)，充分(fen)(fen)體(ti)現了我(wo)國古代(dai)勞動人民(min)高(gao)(gao)超的(de)(de)技藝(yi)和(he)(he)聰明(ming)才智。“天風海濤(tao)(tao)”琴(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)。桐木制(zhi)成，黑(hei)漆琴(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)身，裂似蛇蚹(fu)(fu)，背刻(ke)(ke)篆書(shu)(shu)“天風海濤(tao)(tao)”。琴(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)腹有(you)(you)(you)龍(long)(long)(long)池(chi)、鳳沼兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)共鳴(ming)槽。龍(long)(long)(long)池(chi)內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)“圣(sheng)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)隆興甲申口口，大(da)(da)唐雷(lei)威親斫(zhuo)”兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)行銘文(wen)(wen)。雷(lei)威為(wei)(wei)(wei)唐代(dai)制(zhi)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)大(da)(da)師，以善制(zhi)蛇蚹(fu)(fu)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)而著名。南宋(song)(song)(song)(song)大(da)(da)詩(shi)人陸游詩(shi)云(yun)：“古琴(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)蛇蚹(fu)(fu)評(ping)無價(jia)，魚(yu)腸(chang)寶(bao)(bao)劍讬(tuo)有(you)(you)(you)靈”，可見雷(lei)威制(zhi)作(zuo)的(de)(de)蛇蚹(fu)(fu)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)，在明(ming)代(dai)的(de)(de)古琴(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)中實(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)傳(chuan)世(shi)珍品(pin)了。宋(song)(song)(song)(song)葵花(hua)蛺(jia)蝶扇面(mian)。高(gao)(gao)24.3厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)，寬25.5厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)。絹(juan)本(ben)、金粉設色(se)(se)，畫(hua)(hua)上方鈐(qian)有(you)(you)(you)“皇女市圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)”朱印，左(zuo)下方鈐(qian)有(you)(you)(you)“司印”二(er)字的(de)(de)騎縫朱印。背面(mian)有(you)(you)(you)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)高(gao)(gao)宗趙構為(wei)(wei)(wei)葵花(hua)扇面(mian)題的(de)(de)金字跋文(wen)(wen)：“白(bai)露才過催(cui)八(ba)月，紫房紅(hong)葉共凄涼；黃花(hua)冷淡無人看(kan)，獨自(zi)傾心(xin)向夕陽(yang)” 元(yuan)錢選(xuan)工(gong)筆(bi)白(bai)蓮畫(hua)(hua)。紙本(ben)。高(gao)(gao)42厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)，長(chang)90.3厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)，下有(you)(you)(you)錢選(xuan)自(zi)提七言詩(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)首(shou)：“裊(niao)裊(niao)瑤(yao)池(chi)白(bai)玉(yu)(yu)花(hua)，往(wang)來(lai)青島靜無嘩；幽(you)人不飲閑攜杖，但(dan)憶(yi)清(qing)香伴月華。”錢選(xuan)，宋(song)(song)(song)(song)末元(yuan)初(chu)(chu)人。善畫(hua)(hua)山水(shui)花(hua)鳥人物(wu)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)初(chu)(chu)畫(hua)(hua)界八(ba)俊之一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。這(zhe)些(xie)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)、元(yuan)古畫(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)出(chu)土(tu)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)研(yan)究(jiu)我(wo)國古代(dai)書(shu)(shu)畫(hua)(hua)藝(yi)術提供(gong)了寶(bao)(bao)貴資料。隨葬品(pin)還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)各(ge)種書(shu)(shu)籍(ji)共7種21冊(ce)。有(you)(you)(you)《朱子(zi)訂(ding)定(ding)蔡氏集(ji)傳(chuan)》、《增入音注括例始末胡文(wen)(wen)定(ding)公春秋傳(chuan)》、《四(si)書(shu)(shu)集(ji)注》、《少微家塾點校附音通(tong)(tong)簽(qian)節要》、《朱文(wen)(wen)公校昌黎先(xian)生文(wen)(wen)集(ji)》、《黃氏補千家注紀年(nian)杜工(gong)部詩(shi)史》等。這(zhe)些(xie)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)元(yuan)版本(ben)已是(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)世(shi)珍品(pin)，有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)更是(shi)(shi)海內(nei)孤本(ben)，實(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)瑰寶(bao)(bao)。

中國歷代帝王為了(le)顯示地(di)位和尊貴，提倡(chang)“厚葬以明孝”，不惜動用大(da)量人力(li)物力(li)修建(jian)巨大(da)的(de)(de)陵(ling)墓，朱(zhu)檀陵(ling)園的(de)(de)建(jian)造，在當時實為一(yi)項浩大(da)的(de)(de)系統工(gong)程。僅掘石開擴，填積封土(tu)，動用土(tu)石方量約(yue)計20余(yu)萬立(li)方米。這(zhe)座(zuo)具(ju)有600多年歷史(shi)的(de)(de)古(gu)建(jian)筑群，充分展示了(le)古(gu)代勞動人民的(de)(de)智(zhi)慧和力(li)量。

1970年春(chun)至(zhi)1971年，山東省、濟寧地區(qu)和鄒縣考(kao)古工作(zuo)者在有(you)關(guan)部(bu)門配合下，對荒王陵地宮進行了發掘，出土(tu)文物(wu)1300余種，不僅是山東省至(zhi)今發現最大的，而且是京南(nan)江北最大的地下宮殿。

從1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)始，鄒城市人民(min)政(zheng)府投入巨資對荒王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)陵進行修復(fu)建設，歷(li)時兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，今日的荒王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)陵重(zhong)現昔日雄(xiong)姿。現已建立了朱(zhu)檀(tan)墓文物管(guan)理所(suo)，復(fu)制文物近(jin)300件(jian)，按(an)墓內原貌布(bu)置陣列，每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)都(dou)吸引著大批中外游人來此覽勝，現已被公(gong)布(bu)為山(shan)東省重(zhong)點(dian)文物保護單位(wei)。附：魯荒王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)世(shi)襲(xi)表魯荒王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)檀(tan)，太(tai)祖庶十(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，洪武三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)就藩兗州(zhou)府。二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。靖王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)肇(zhao)輝，荒庶一(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，永樂元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。成(cheng)(cheng)化二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。惠(hui)(hui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)泰(tai)堪(kan)，靖嫡(di)一(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，成(cheng)(cheng)化三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。莊(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)陽鑄，惠(hui)(hui)嫡(di)一(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，成(cheng)(cheng)化十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，嘉(jia)(jia)靖二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。當漇，莊(zhuang)嫡(di)一(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，成(cheng)(cheng)化十(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)世(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，弘治十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。以孫觀(guan)(guan)火(huo)定(ding) 襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，追(zhui)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。溢曰(yue)懷。健木戈 ，懷嫡(di)一(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，弘治十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)世(shi)孫。正德十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)，以子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)觀(guan)(guan)火(huo)定(ding) 襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。追(zhui)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，溢曰(yue)悼。端(duan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)觀(guan)(guan)火(huo)定(ding) ，悼嫡(di)一(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，嘉(jia)(jia)靖七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。恭王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)頤坦(tan)，端(duan)一(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，嘉(jia)(jia)靖三十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。萬(wan)歷(li)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。敬王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)壽(shou)增，恭庶六子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，初封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)富平王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。無子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。憲(xian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)壽(shou)钅宏，恭庶七(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，初封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)常(chang)德王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。萬(wan)歷(li)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)進封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。崇禎(zhen)九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。無子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。肅(su)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)壽(shou)鏞、恭庶九(jiu)(jiu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，初封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)泰(tai)興(xing)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。崇禎(zhen)九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)進封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。自朱(zhu)檀(tan)始，共傳十(shi)代(dai)(dai)十(shi)三王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，前后延(yan)續達283年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，貫穿整個明(ming)代(dai)(dai)。

實用信息

1970年春(chun)，山(shan)東省博物(wu)館(guan)組織(zhi)發掘朱檀墓(mu)。墓(mu)室(shi)距地(di)表深20余米，鑿(zao)石開壙，砌(qi)以磚室(shi)，墓(mu)道居南側。墓(mu)室(shi)前(qian)有封門墻、金(jin)(jin)剛墻、墓(mu)室(shi)通長20.6米，有兩重(zhong)門，分(fen)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)兩室(shi)，兩室(shi)間(jian)有甬道相連，前(qian)室(shi)前(qian)部正中置一(yi)大缸(gang)，內(nei)(nei)有一(yi)盞萬年燈(deng)；后(hou)(hou)部中央設一(yi)紅(hong)御案，案面有藍(lan)頂寶匣，內(nei)(nei)盛“魯王之(zhi)寶”印；御案之(zhi)前(qian)有木(mu)雕彩(cai)繪俑群，其中武士俑、儀仗俑、樂俑、侍(shi)衛俑380個，馬俑24個，車2輛(liang)。后(hou)(hou)室(shi)正中朱檀棺槨置磚雕棺床之(zhi)長。因(yin)墓(mu)室(shi)長年積水，隨(sui)葬品6000余件(jian)大多(duo)保(bao)存完好(hao)，出土有戧(chuang)金(jin)(jin)漆箱、南宋“天風海濤”琴(qin)、織(zhi)金(jin)(jin)緞龍袍、雙層透雕玉帶、冕旒等(deng)衣物(wu)。最珍貴的是保(bao)存了(le)(le)宋高宗題跋(ba)的金(jin)(jin)粉(fen)“葵花(hua)蛺蝶”扇面、元(yuan) 錢選(xuan)自(zi)(zi)跋(ba)的白蓮手卷和(he)無款金(jin)(jin)碧山(shan)水絹畫三件(jian)等(deng)均為國內(nei)(nei)罕(han)見的文物(wu)珍品。以及《四(si)書集(ji)注》、《通鑒節要》、《杜工部詩史》等(deng)七種二十(shi)余冊元(yuan)刻本書籍。自(zi)(zi)1985年起，鄒縣（今(jin)鄒城市）人民政府陸續修(xiu)復了(le)(le)墓(mu)前(qian)的陵園建(jian)筑，復原了(le)(le)墓(mu)室(shi)的陳列，并對外開放。