卞壸(kǔn)(281-328年),字望之(zhi),濟陰(yin)郡冤句(ju)縣(今山東省菏澤(ze)市(shi)卞莊(zhuang))人。東晉時期(qi)名臣、書(shu)法家,中書(shu)令卞粹之(zhi)子(zi)。
少有清(qing)名,不應朝命(ming)。永嘉(jia)(jia)年(nian)間,卞(bian)壸(kun)出任(ren)(ren)著作郎,襲封(feng)成陽縣(xian)公(gong)。永嘉(jia)(jia)之(zhi)亂后(hou)(hou),投(tou)靠徐州刺史裴盾(dun),出任(ren)(ren)廣(guang)陵(ling)相(xiang)。投(tou)靠安東將(jiang)軍(jun)司(si)馬睿,出任(ren)(ren)丞(cheng)相(xiang)從事中(zhong)郎。東晉(jin)建立后(hou)(hou),出任(ren)(ren)太子(zi)中(zhong)庶子(zi)、散(san)騎(qi)常侍,教導太子(zi)司(si)馬紹(shao)。晉(jin)明(ming)帝即(ji)位,遷吏部尚(shang)書。平(ping)定(ding)王敦之(zhi)亂,受封(feng)建興縣(xian)公(gong),出任(ren)(ren)領軍(jun)將(jiang)軍(jun),選為顧命(ming)大(da)臣。晉(jin)成帝登位后(hou)(hou),出任(ren)(ren)尚(shang)書令(ling),聯合外戚庾亮共掌機要。禮法自居,糾正(zheng)當世,不畏強權。咸和三年(nian)(328年(nian)),帶兵(bing)平(ping)定(ding)蘇峻叛(pan)亂,以身(shen)殉國,獲贈侍中(zhong)、驃騎(qi)將(jiang)軍(jun),開(kai)府儀(yi)同(tong)三司(si),謚號(hao)忠(zhong)貞,葬于南京(jing)朝天宮西側。
晉卞忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)貞(zhen)公(gong)父(fu)子三仁英勇就義(yi),演(yan)繹了(le)中華(hua)民族“忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)孝(xiao)貞(zhen)”全節(jie)的(de)家(jia)族忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)烈史。歷(li)代(dai)受到人(ren)(ren)們(men)的(de)敬(jing)仰、尊崇。卞忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)貞(zhen)公(gong)父(fu)子是(shi)愛(ai)國(guo)主義(yi)、民族精(jing)神的(de)優秀代(dai)表人(ren)(ren)物,是(shi)愛(ai)國(guo)主義(yi)家(jia)族精(jing)神的(de)千古典范。卞壸后裔(yi)秉承“忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)孝(xiao)傳家(jia)”的(de)家(jia)族遺(yi)風,將家(jia)族堂號(hao)為(wei)(wei)“忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)貞(zhen)(孝(xiao))堂”,成為(wei)(wei)歷(li)史上以忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)孝(xiao)責任的(de)價(jia)值信(xin)仰,培育“忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)臣(chen)孝(xiao)子”的(de)“忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)貞(zhen)世家(jia)”。
卞壸[kǔn]出身官宦(huan)之家(jia),祖父(fu)卞統(tong)曾任瑯邪內(nei)史,父(fu)親卞粹兄(xiong)弟六人(ren),“并登宰府”,世(shi)稱“卞氏六龍”。
卞(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壸(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)成年(nian)時(shi)已有名譽(yu),得司兗二州和(he)齊王司馬冏(jiong)辟命(ming)(ming),但卞(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壸(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)都不應命(ming)(ming)。后(hou)父親卞(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)粹(cui)被(bei)長(chang)沙王司馬乂所(suo)殺,卞(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壸(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)回鄉。晉懷帝永嘉(jia)年(nian)間,卞(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壸(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)出任著作郎,并(bing)承襲(xi)父親成陽公的(de)爵位。后(hou)來征東將軍周馥(fu)請卞(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壸(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)為從事中(zhong)郎,但不應命(ming)(ming)。永嘉(jia)五(wu)年(nian)(311年(nian))發生永嘉(jia)之(zhi)亂,都城洛(luo)陽被(bei)前(qian)趙所(suo)攻破,晉懷帝被(bei)擄。卞(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壸(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)投靠時(shi)任徐州刺史的(de)妻兄裴盾(dun)。裴盾(dun)于是讓卞(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壸(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)代理廣陵相。
建(jian)(jian)(jian)武(wu)二年(公元318年),司馬(ma)睿在建(jian)(jian)(jian)鄴建(jian)(jian)(jian)立基地,召卞壸為從事中郎(lang),委以官員選拔之責,深受(shou)寵信。后出任東(dong)中郎(lang)將司馬(ma)紹(shao)(即后來的(de)晉明帝(di))的(de)長史。后因繼母死而離職服喪。及后當成為晉王世子的(de)司馬(ma)紹(shao)的(de)老(lao)師(shi)。
東(dong)晉建立后(hou),任(ren)太子中(zhong)庶(shu)子,后(hou)轉散騎常侍,侍講東(dong)宮。后(hou)又先后(hou)擔任(ren)太子詹事、御史中(zhong)丞(cheng)等(deng)職(zhi)。卞壸(kun)前后(hou)居師佐之(zhi)位(wei),盡匡(kuang)輔之(zhi)節,頗為王公大(da)臣敬畏。
太寧元年(323年),晉明帝即(ji)位,升為吏部尚書。
太寧二(er)年(nian)(324年(nian)),王敦意圖奪位而(er)再次(ci)起兵(bing),但因病重而(er)交由兄長王含等人領軍(jun),卞壸(kun)加中軍(jun)將(jiang)軍(jun)防備王敦。及后叛亂平定,卞壸(kun)因功封建興縣公,不久遷任(ren)領軍(jun)將(jiang)軍(jun)。
太(tai)寧三年(nian)(325年(nian)),明帝病重,卞(bian)壸與(yu)(yu)司徒王導(dao)、車騎將(jiang)(jiang)軍郗(xi)鑒、丹陽(yang)尹溫嶠、護(hu)軍將(jiang)(jiang)軍庾亮及領軍將(jiang)(jiang)軍陸曄一(yi)同(tong)遺詔輔(fu)助太(tai)子(zi),任顧命大臣(chen),并任右將(jiang)(jiang)軍,加給事中、尚(shang)書令(ling)。成帝登(deng)位后,他與(yu)(yu)庾亮共掌機要。
卞(bian)(bian)壸為(wei)人(ren)(ren)剛正不(bu)(bu)阿,不(bu)(bu)畏(wei)權(quan)貴,維護朝(chao)(chao)廷綱紀不(bu)(bu)遺余力。晉(jin)成帝即(ji)位舉行(xing)登基大(da)(da)典(dian)(dian)那天,元(yuan)老重臣(chen)(chen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)竟以病缺席(xi)。卞(bian)(bian)壸在(zai)(zai)朝(chao)(chao)廷上(shang)(shang)(shang)嚴(yan)肅地說(shuo):“王(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong),社稷之臣(chen)(chen)邪!大(da)(da)行(xing)在(zai)(zai)殯,嗣皇未立,寧是人(ren)(ren)臣(chen)(chen)辭疾(ji)之時!”王(wang)(wang)(wang)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)聽說(shuo)后(hou)(hou)連忙帶病趕來(lai)。皇太后(hou)(hou)臨朝(chao)(chao),卞(bian)(bian)壸與庚亮(liang)值班宮中,共(gong)參(can)機要。朝(chao)(chao)廷下(xia)(xia)令召(zhao)南陽樂(le)謨為(wei)郡中丞(cheng),潁川庾(yu)(yu)怡(yi)(yi)為(wei)廷尉(wei)評(ping)。但二人(ren)(ren)都強(qiang)調父命(ming),拒不(bu)(bu)赴任(ren)。卞(bian)(bian)壸當即(ji)奏稟太后(hou)(hou),其(qi)中提(ti)到:“如此則先圣之言廢(fei),王(wang)(wang)(wang)教之訓塞,君臣(chen)(chen)之道散,上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)之化(hua)替矣。樂(le)廣(謨之父)以平(ping)夷(yi)稱,庾(yu)(yu)珉(怡(yi)(yi)之父)以忠篤顯,受寵(chong)圣世,身非(fei)已有(you),況及后(hou)(hou)世而(er)可專(zhuan)哉!”由于卞(bian)(bian)壸的奏章很有(you)說(shuo)服力,因(yin)而(er)朝(chao)(chao)議一(yi)致贊(zan)成。樂(le)謨、庾(yu)(yu)怡(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)得(de)已,只好上(shang)(shang)(shang)任(ren)。此后(hou)(hou),凡朝(chao)(chao)廷有(you)命(ming),不(bu)(bu)得(de)以私(si)害(hai)公(gong),不(bu)(bu)得(de)以任(ren)何(he)借口推(tui)延,遂形(xing)成了(le)一(yi)條(tiao)永久性(xing)的制(zhi)度(du)。當時,王(wang)(wang)(wang)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)與庾(yu)(yu)亮(liang)不(bu)(bu)和,庾(yu)(yu)亮(liang)掌權(quan),王(wang)(wang)(wang)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)就稱疾(ji)不(bu)(bu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)朝(chao)(chao)。一(yi)次王(wang)(wang)(wang)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)不(bu)(bu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)朝(chao)(chao),卻私(si)下(xia)(xia)為(wei)車(che)騎將軍(jun)郗(xi)鑒送行(xing)。卞(bian)(bian)壸得(de)知,毫(hao)不(bu)(bu)顧忌王(wang)(wang)(wang)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的權(quan)勢和情面,上(shang)(shang)(shang)奏導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)“虧法(fa)從私(si),無大(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)之節”;御史中丞(cheng)鐘雅玩忽職守,不(bu)(bu)按(an)王(wang)(wang)(wang)典(dian)(dian)辦事,二人(ren)(ren)應該(gai)一(yi)塊免(mian)官。雖然皇帝將奏章壓(ya)下(xia)(xia),未予處(chu)理,但已引起朝(chao)(chao)野(ye)震肅。
卞壸(kun)兢兢業業勤于吏事(shi),以(yi)匡風正俗為(wei)已(yi)任,不(bu)(bu)肯(ken)隨(sui)波逐流(liu)。有人說他(ta)(ta):“卿(qing)恒無閑泰,常如含瓦石,不(bu)(bu)亦勞乎?”他(ta)(ta)說:“諸君以(yi)道德恢宏、風流(liu)相尚,執鄙吝者非壸(kun)而誰!”由此可見他(ta)(ta)為(wei)國事(shi)任勞任怨的博大(da)(da)胸懷。當時貴族(zu)子弟多以(yi)放浪形骸、清(qing)淡不(bu)(bu)倦的王澄、謝鯤等人為(wei)曠達(da),壸(kun)卻認為(wei)這些人“悖(bei)禮(li)傷教,罪莫斯甚(shen),中朝傾覆(fu),實(shi)由于此。”此言大(da)(da)有見地,可謂(wei)入木(mu)三分。
卞(bian)(bian)壸(kun)后來面部(bu)受傷(shang),多次(ci)要求辭職。咸和二年(nian)(327年(nian))改拜光祿大(da)(da)夫,加散(san)騎常(chang)侍(shi)。同時庾亮(liang)認(ren)為(wei)蘇(su)峻(jun)屯(tun)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)歷陽(yang),最終都會生禍亂(luan)(luan),言(yan):“大(da)(da)將蘇(su)峻(jun),素(su)有狼子野(ye)心(xin),將來一(yi)定會作亂(luan)(luan),如果不(bu)削(xue)弱其(qi)(qi)權力,多年(nian)后必不(bu)可(ke)(ke)治,這(zhe)是(shi)漢晁錯勸景帝早(zao)削(xue)七國兵(bing)(bing)(bing)權的原(yuan)因。”建議朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting)召(zhao)蘇(su)峻(jun)任大(da)(da)司馬(ma),以收籠絡之效(xiao),并借(jie)機釋其(qi)(qi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)權。朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting)諸官皆(jie)無異議。卞(bian)(bian)壸(kun)固爭(zheng)以為(wei)不(bu)可(ke)(ke),對庾亮(liang)說蘇(su)峻(jun)現擁有重兵(bing)(bing)(bing),且離京邑(yi)較近(jin),這(zhe)樣做將必定激發蘇(su)峻(jun)提(ti)前叛亂(luan)(luan),危及朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting),應(ying)慢慢削(xue)其(qi)(qi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)權。可(ke)(ke)庾亮(liang)不(bu)聽(ting)卞(bian)(bian)壸(kun)所言(yan),最終決定要實(shi)行。卞(bian)(bian)壸(kun)知(zhi)道這(zhe)次(ci)此舉必定失(shi)敗(bai),更向時任平南將軍(jun)的溫嶠(jiao)表示擔(dan)心(xin)。司馬(ma)任臺(tai)亦勸卞(bian)(bian)壸(kun)準備(bei)良馬(ma)作不(bu)時之需,但卞(bian)(bian)壸(kun)笑看回(hui)答說:“真到(dao)那時,要馬(ma)何用?”
不久庾亮正式征(zheng)召蘇(su)峻(jun),蘇(su)峻(jun)于是聯合祖約以討庾亮為(wei)名起(qi)兵。卞(bian)壸便復任尚書令、右(you)(you)將(jiang)軍(jun)、領(ling)(ling)右(you)(you)衛將(jiang)軍(jun)。次(ci)年,蘇(su)峻(jun)進軍(jun)到東陵口,卞(bian)壸再被任命為(wei)都督大桁東諸軍(jun)事(shi)、假節,加(jia)領(ling)(ling)軍(jun)將(jiang)軍(jun)、給事(shi)中。卞(bian)壸后率(lv)領(ling)(ling)郭默和(he)趙胤等在西陵與(yu)蘇(su)峻(jun)軍(jun)大戰,為(wei)蘇(su)峻(jun)破(po)城而入(ru)。卞(bian)壸于是撤退,并歸遇符節謝罪。及后蘇(su)峻(jun)攻(gong)青溪,卞(bian)壸又與(yu)諸軍(jun)抵抗(kang),但仍(reng)戰敗(bai),更被蘇(su)峻(jun)火燒(shao)宮寺。在戰斗中,卞(bian)壸背瘡(chuang)未合,但胸懷報國之心,身先士卒(zu),英勇(yong)殺敵,終因不支,壯烈殉國,時年四十八歲。其二子卞(bian)眕、卞(bian)盱,見父殉國,為(wei)報父仇(chou),相隨(sui)殺入(ru)敵軍(jun),亦力戰而死。
咸和四(si)年(nian)(329年(nian)),蘇峻之亂平定,經朝議,追贈(zeng)卞壸(kun)侍中、驃騎將軍、開府儀同三司等榮(rong)銜,謚號“忠貞”,祀以(yi)太牢。贈(zeng)子(zi)眕散騎侍郎,盱(xu)奉軍都尉。
卞壸是(shi)一位書法家,尤(you)善草書。唐竇臬《述書賦》云:“望(wang)之之草,聚古(gu)而老(lao)。落紙筋盤(pan),分行羽抱。如充牛刃多士,交(jiao)連雜寶。”《淳化閣法帖(tie)》卷三有其(qi)草書一帖(tie),六行,五十六字。卞壸書法現存于西安碑林的還(huan)有一行書壁碑,內容是(shi):“崔(cui)諒、史曜、陳淮可(ke)(ke)補吏部郎,詔書可(ke)(ke)爾(er)。此(ci)(ci)三人(ren)皆(jie)眾論所(suo)稱,諒尤(you)質(zhi)止,少(shao)華(hua)可(ke)(ke)以敦教。雖(sui)大化未可(ke)(ke)倉卒,風(feng)尚所(suo)勸為(wei)益者多,臣以為(wei)宜先用(yong)諒,謹隨事(shi)以聞。晉侍中卞壸書。”此(ci)(ci)碑亦為(wei)無價之寶。《全晉文》收錄有其(qi)文。
東晉廢帝(di)司馬奕書贊卞壼曰:“忠則順天,孝則盡(jin)命;守忠死(si)國,孰不起敬?”
東(dong)晉(jin)孝武帝司馬曜(yao)敕命(ming)大(da)臣翟(zhai)湯書贊成卞(bian)壼遺像:“子(zi)死(si)于父(fu),父(fu)喪于君;公均攤涉逝,公圖永存,潔(jie)之似玉,清之如水;節(jie)義忠孝,萃于一門。”
《晉書(shu)》贊(zan)卞(bian)壼父子(zi)忠(zhong)孝行為(wei)曰:“望之徇義,處死為(wei)易。惟子(zi)惟臣,名(ming)節斯寄。”
唐太宗御撰(zhuan)《本傳》,稱卞(bian)壼父子行為:“宜(yi)加鼎司(si)之號,以旌忠烈之勛”;
明成祖朱棣稱贊卞壼父(fu)子(zi)忠(zhong)貞行為:“父(fu)將一死(si)報君恩(en),二(er)子(zi)臨戎(rong)忍自存。慨慷相隨(sui)同日盡(jin),千(qian)古忠(zhong)孝表(biao)清門(men)。”
清康熙帝巡(xun)視(shi)江南,至(zhi)卞公柌祭祀卞壼父子(zi),御書“凜(lin)然正氣(qi)”匾額。
乾隆帝多次親往(wang)祭祀卞壼父子墓,于(yu)1751年為朝天(tian)宮卞公祠堂題寫“典(dian)午孤(gu)忠(zhong)”匾(bian)額;
王(wang)導(dao):刁玄(xuan)亮之(zhi)(zhi)察(cha)察(cha),戴(dai)若思(si)之(zhi)(zhi)巖巖,卞望之(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)峰岠。
翟湯:父(fu)死于君,子死于父(fu),忠孝(xiao)之道,萃于一門(men)。”
弘訥:①死事(shi)(shi)之臣古今所(suo)重,卞令忠(zhong)(zhong)典之節,當書于(yu)竹(zhu)帛。②夫事(shi)(shi)親(qin)莫(mo)大于(yu)孝,事(shi)(shi)君莫(mo)尚于(yu)忠(zhong)(zhong)。唯孝也,故(gu)能(neng)盡敬(jing)竭誠;唯忠(zhong)(zhong)也,故(gu)能(neng)見危(wei)授命。此(ci)在三之大節,臣子之極行也。案壸委質三朝,盡規翼亮,遭(zao)世險(xian)難,存(cun)亡以之。受顧托之重,居端右之任,擁衛至(zhi)尊,則(ze)有保傅之恩;正(zheng)色在朝,則(ze)有匪躬之節。賊(zei)峻造逆,戮力致討,身(shen)當矢(shi)旝,再(zai)對賊(zei)鋒,父子并命,可謂破家為國,守死勤事(shi)(shi)。
司(si)馬衍:壸立朝(chao)忠恪。
房(fang)玄(xuan)齡:卞壸束帶立朝,以(yi)(yi)匡正(zheng)為(wei)己任,褰裳衛主(zhu),蹈忠(zhong)義以(yi)(yi)成名(ming)。遂使臣死(si)于君,子(zi)死(si)于父,惟忠(zhong)與孝,萃其(qi)一門(men)。古稱社稷之臣,忠(zhong)貞之謂(wei)矣。望之徇(xun)義,處死(si)為(wei)易。惟子(zi)惟臣,名(ming)節(jie)斯寄(ji)。
宋代文天祥為(wei)卞氏族譜題跋:“卞氏自六龍之后,數(shu)千年清白(bai)相傳”;
袁枚祭奠卞壼父子著文稱:“白骨(gu)一抔(pou),增宇宙山川之色;玉卮三奠,堅古(gu)今忠孝之心(xin)”;
兵部左侍郎(lang)張(zhang)伯(bo)鯨,為晉成陽侯忠貞卞(bian)公立(li):”千秋(qiu)仰止”。
南京(jing)兵(bing)部尚書史可法,為(wei)晉成陽侯忠(zhong)貞卞公立:“乾坤正(zheng)氣(qi)”。
詔起南京宗伯正郎(lang)前左右諫議齊魯文衡彭惟成為晉代卞(bian)忠貞公(gong)立“父子三仁”。
鹺使(shi)后(hou)學馬大士敬題,史(shi)官(guan)胡士省薰沐拜(bai)書(shu):“萬(wan)世人倫”。
直隸揚州(zhou)府知府徐伯徵,為(wei)晉光祿大夫成陽忠貞(zhen)卞公立(li)“忠節扶天”。
賜進士第(di)文林郎知(zhi)江都縣事遲大成(cheng),于崇禎三(san)年歲次庚午仲春吉旦(dan)立“與河山俱”。
“先有(you)(you)卞公祠(ci)(ci)、后有(you)(you)朝(chao)天宮(gong)。”南京(jing)朝(chao)天宮(gong)是南京(jing)市博物(wu)館,歷(li)經明、清兩朝(chao)數百年(nian)所形成(cheng)建筑結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)文化(hua)(hua)格局,代(dai)表著華夏歷(li)朝(chao)歷(li)代(dai)千(qian)百年(nian)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)文化(hua)(hua)內涵(han),構(gou)成(cheng)朝(chao)天宮(gong)東、中、西(xi)三路中華民族傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)文化(hua)(hua)特點的(de)(de)格局分布,即東路江寧府學(xue)(xue),包(bao)括學(xue)(xue)署、名(ming)賢祠(ci)(ci)、鄉宦(huan)祠(ci)(ci),代(dai)表府學(xue)(xue)科考、培(pei)養名(ming)賢學(xue)(xue)士(shi)的(de)(de)仕(shi)途文化(hua)(hua):中路為江寧府文廟,代(dai)表孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)儒家禮(li)教的(de)(de)品行道德,思想意(yi)識形態的(de)(de)主(zhu)流(liu)儒學(xue)(xue)價值觀;西(xi)路為卞壼父子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)卞公祠(ci)(ci)、父子(zi)(zi)忠(zhong)孝墓,代(dai)表中華傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)忠(zhong)孝貞節、功德千(qian)秋的(de)(de)人(ren)生境界目(mu)標,以(yi)及“忠(zhong)孝莉智(zhi)信(xin)、仁義廉恥勇”的(de)(de)人(ren)生行為標準(zhun)。以(yi)上(shang)寓意(yi)的(de)(de)三大(da)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)文化(hua)(hua)建筑群,代(dai)表著中華民族千(qian)余年(nian)主(zhu)流(liu)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)文化(hua)(hua)傳(chuan)(chuan)承、發展(zhan)的(de)(de)大(da)格局。
卞壸堅守(shou)(shou)舊(jiu)禮(li),如(ru)繼母(mu)(mu)死(si)后(hou),在她(ta)下葬后(hou)晉元帝就(jiu)命(ming)他復職(zhi),但他都(dou)一直(zhi)不(bu)肯(ken),最(zui)后(hou)更(geng)上書元帝,陳說自己一定要(yao)守(shou)(shou)孝,最(zui)終(zhong)令元帝讓他完成(cheng)守(shou)(shou)喪(sang)期(qi)。又一次(ci)淮南(nan)郡(jun)中正(zheng)王式(shi)(shi)有(you)一繼母(mu)(mu),其(qi)前(qian)(qian)夫逝(shi)(shi)世后(hou),嫁(jia)給了王式(shi)(shi)的父(fu)(fu)親(qin),后(hou)來王式(shi)(shi)的父(fu)(fu)親(qin)逝(shi)(shi)世,在服(fu)喪(sang)期(qi)滿(man)后(hou),要(yao)回(hui)前(qian)(qian)夫家(jia)中,前(qian)(qian)夫家(jia)中也有(you)繼子,對王式(shi)(shi)的繼母(mu)(mu)奉養至終(zhong),后(hou)與前(qian)(qian)夫合(he)(he)葬。王式(shi)(shi)自己說,在其(qi)父(fu)(fu)親(qin)臨終(zhong)之前(qian)(qian),其(qi)繼母(mu)(mu)曾請求回(hui)前(qian)(qian)夫家(jia)中,而王式(shi)(shi)的父(fu)(fu)親(qin)已經(jing)答(da)應。于(yu)是依禮(li)制應當服(fu)“齊衰(shuai)”之喪(sang),即服(fu)喪(sang)一年,未像對親(qin)母(mu)(mu)一樣服(fu)喪(sang)三年。但卞壸認(ren)為(wei)這不(bu)合(he)(he)禮(li),更(geng)認(ren)為(wei)王式(shi)(shi)有(you)錯,不(bu)以禮(li)法(fa)行事,沒(mei)資格任審(shen)核人的小中正(zheng)一職(zhi)。最(zui)終(zhong)王式(shi)(shi)經(jing)鄉邑清議,終(zhong)身不(bu)被任命(ming)為(wei)官。
卞(bian)壸(kun)除(chu)了(le)遵從禮法,更(geng)加不(bu)(bu)畏權(quan)貴。如在(zai)王(wang)(wang)式一事,他(ta)順道亦彈劾司(si)徒荀(xun)組和(he)(he)(he)揚州(zhou)大(da)中(zhong)(zhong)正(zheng)兼侍中(zhong)(zhong)陸曄和(he)(he)(he)淮南(nan)大(da)中(zhong)(zhong)正(zheng)兼散騎(qi)侍郎(lang)胡弘不(bu)(bu)能崇(chong)正(zheng)禮法,失職應被免(mian)職和(he)(he)(he)削減(jian)封地,并由廷(ting)尉定罪。最(zui)終由元帝下(xia)令(ling)赦免(mian)三(san)人(ren)(ren)。后(hou)明帝即位,王(wang)(wang)導(dao)因病(bing)(bing)(bing)而(er)不(bu)(bu)參加登位進璽(xi)的儀式,卞(bian)壸(kun)嚴肅(su)地說(shuo):“王(wang)(wang)公(gong)還怎是(shi)(shi)國家重臣(chen)(chen)!皇帝正(zheng)在(zai)舉殯(bin),新君又未(wei)立,難(nan)道是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)臣(chen)(chen)以(yi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)推托的時(shi)間!”王(wang)(wang)導(dao)聽后(hou)便抱病(bing)(bing)(bing)趕去。及后(hou)朝(chao)廷(ting)召(zhao)樂廣(guang)子(zi)樂謨(mo)和(he)(he)(he)庾珉之(zhi)子(zi)庾怡(yi)分(fen)別任(ren)郡中(zhong)(zhong)正(zheng)和(he)(he)(he)廷(ting)尉評,二人(ren)(ren)都以(yi)長輩有(you)命為(wei)由推辭(ci),但卞(bian)壸(kun)卻上(shang)書認為(wei)人(ren)(ren)臣(chen)(chen)不(bu)(bu)應以(yi)私廢公(gong),更(geng)指二人(ren)(ren)的父親既(ji)受晉室恩(en)寵(chong),自己也(ye)不(bu)(bu)再(zai)是(shi)(shi)屬于自己一人(ren)(ren),其后(hou)代(dai)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)一樣(yang)。如此二人(ren)(ren)皆逼不(bu)(bu)得已而(er)接受任(ren)命。及后(hou)王(wang)(wang)導(dao)以(yi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)上(shang)朝(chao),卻私下(xia)為(wei)車騎(qi)將(jiang)軍郗鑒(jian)送行(xing)(xing),卞(bian)壸(kun)便指王(wang)(wang)導(dao)徇私枉(wang)法,無大(da)臣(chen)(chen)的氣節(jie);另指御史中(zhong)(zhong)丞鐘(zhong)雅曲(qu)解(jie)王(wang)(wang)典,監察不(bu)(bu)加準繩。卞(bian)壸(kun)并上(shang)奏將(jiang)王(wang)(wang)導(dao)和(he)(he)(he)鐘(zhong)雅免(mian)官(guan),雖然最(zui)終都沒有(you)執行(xing)(xing),但都令(ling)朝(chao)中(zhong)(zhong)震驚。
卞(bian)壸(kun)為官實干,以褒貶人(ren)事為己任(ren),并且努力(li)工作,試圖監督(du)世間(jian),將世道導入正(zheng)軌,因(yin)而都(dou)不(bu)同意當(dang)時的風(feng)氣,因(yin)此(ci)在當(dang)時都(dou)沒什么(me)稱譽(yu)。而且卞(bian)壸(kun)亦廉潔節(jie)儉,生活都(dou)簡約樸素。
晉(jin)安帝(di)義熙九年(413年),有盜(dao)墓者盜(dao)卞壸墓,打開棺木搜掠(lve)陪葬品(pin)時發(fa)現(xian)卞壸面色如同活(huo)著般,雙手(shou)握拳,指甲更長得(de)延展穿(chuan)過手(shou)背,(見晉(jin)書“爪(zhua)甲穿(chuan)達手(shou)背”)安帝(di)下詔賜(si)予錢(qian)十(shi)萬(wan),修(xiu)復其墓。
《晉書(shu)·卷七十·列傳(chuan)第四十》
卞(bian)壸,字望(wang)之(zhi)(zhi),濟(ji)陰冤句人也(ye)。祖(zu)統,瑯邪(xie)內史。父粹,以清辯鑒察稱。兄弟六人并登(deng)宰(zai)府,世稱“卞(bian)氏六龍(long),玄(xuan)仁無雙”。玄(xuan)仁,粹字也(ye)。弟裒,嘗忤其郡將,郡將怒訐其門內之(zhi)(zhi)私,粹遂以不訓見譏議,陵遲(chi)積年。惠帝初(chu),為(wei)尚書郎。楊(yang)駿執政,人多(duo)附會,而(er)粹正(zheng)直不阿。及(ji)駿誅,超拜(bai)右丞,封(feng)成(cheng)陽(yang)縣(xian)子,稍遷(qian)至右軍將軍。張華(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)誅,粹以華(hua)婿免官。齊王(wang)冏輔政,為(wei)侍中、中書令,進爵(jue)為(wei)公。及(ji)長沙王(wang)司馬乂專權,粹立(li)朝正(zheng)色,乂忌而(er)害之(zhi)(zhi)。初(chu),粹如廁,見物若兩眼,俄而(er)難作。
壸弱冠(guan)有名譽,司兗二(er)州、齊王冏辟,皆不就(jiu)。遇家禍,還鄉里。永嘉中(zhong)(zhong),除著作(zuo)郎(lang),襲(xi)父爵。征(zheng)東(dong)將軍周馥(fu)請為(wei)從(cong)事中(zhong)(zhong)郎(lang),不就(jiu)。遭(zao)本州傾覆,東(dong)依妻兄徐州刺史裴盾。盾以壸行廣(guang)陵相(xiang)。元(yuan)帝鎮(zhen)建鄴,召為(wei)從(cong)事中(zhong)(zhong)郎(lang),委(wei)以選舉,甚(shen)見親杖。出為(wei)明(ming)帝東(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)郎(lang)長(chang)史。遭(zao)繼母(mu)憂(you),既葬,起(qi)復舊(jiu)職,累辭不就(jiu)。元(yuan)帝遣中(zhong)(zhong)使(shi)敦逼,壸箋自陳曰:
壸(kun)天性狷狹,不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)和俗,退(tui)以情事,欲(yu)畢志家門(men)。亡(wang)父往為(wei)中(zhong)書令,時壸(kun)蒙(meng)大(da)例(li),望門(men)見辟,信其所(suo)執(zhi),得(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)祗就。門(men)戶(hu)遇禍,迸竄易(yi)名,得(de)存視息,私志有素(su)。加嬰(ying)極(ji)難,流寄蘭陵,為(wei)茍(gou)晞(xi)所(suo)召,恐見逼(bi)迫,依(yi)下(xia)邳裴盾,又見假(jia)授,思暫(zan)之郡,規(gui)得(de)托身。尋蒙(meng)見召,為(wei)從事中(zhong)郎(lang),豈曰貪榮(rong)(rong),直欲(yu)自致(zhi),規(gui)暫(zan)恭命(ming),行當乞退(tui)。屬華(hua)軼(yi)之難,不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢自陳。軼(yi)既梟懸,壸(kun)亦嬰(ying)病,具自歸聞,未(wei)蒙(meng)恕遣。世(shi)子北(bei)征(zheng),選(xuan)寵顯望,復以無施,忝充元佐(zuo)。榮(rong)(rong)則榮(rong)(rong)矣,實非素(su)懷。顧以命(ming)重人(ren)輕,不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢辭憚。聞西臺召壸(kun)為(wei)尚書郎(lang),實欲(yu)因此以避賢路,未(wei)及陳誠,奄丁窮罰。
壸(kun)年九歲,為先母(mu)(mu)弟表所(suo)見(jian)孤背。十二(er),蒙亡母(mu)(mu)張所(suo)見(jian)覆育(yu)。壸(kun)以陋(lou)賤(jian),不(bu)能榮親,家(jia)產屢空,養道多闕,存無歡娛(yu),終不(bu)備禮,拊心(xin)永恨,五內抽割(ge)。于(yu)公(gong)無效如彼,私(si)情艱苦如此(ci),實(shi)無情顏昧冒榮進。若廢壸(kun)一(yi)人,江北便(bian)有(you)傾危之(zhi)(zhi)慮,壸(kun)居事之(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)功績以隆者,誠(cheng)不(bu)得(de)私(si)其身。今東中郎(lang)岐嶷自然,神明日(ri)茂,軍(jun)司馬、諸參佐并以明德(de)宣力王事,壸(kun)之(zhi)(zhi)去留(liu),會無損益。賀循(xun)、謝端、顧景(jing)、丁琛、傅晞(xi)等皆荷(he)恩命,高枕(zhen)家(jia)門。壸(kun)委質(zhi)二(er)府,漸(jian)冉五載,考效則不(bu)能已彰,論心(xin)則頻累恭順,奈何哀孤之(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)不(bu)見(jian)愍恕哉!
帝以其辭(ci)苦,不(bu)奪其志。
服(fu)闋,為世子師。壸前后居師佐(zuo)之任,盡匡輔之節,一府貴(gui)(gui)而憚焉。中(zhong)興(xing)建(jian),補太子中(zhong)庶子,轉散(san)騎常侍(shi),侍(shi)講東宮(gong)。遷太子詹事,以公事免。尋復(fu)職(zhi),轉御史中(zhong)丞。忠于事上,權貴(gui)(gui)屏跡。
時淮南(nan)小中正(zheng)(zheng)王(wang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)繼(ji)母(mu)(mu)(mu),前(qian)(qian)(qian)夫(fu)終,更(geng)(geng)適(shi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)。式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)終,喪服(fu)(fu)訖(qi),議(yi)還(huan)(huan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)夫(fu)家。前(qian)(qian)(qian)夫(fu)家亦有(you)繼(ji)子,奉養(yang)至終,遂合葬(zang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)夫(fu)。式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自云(yun):“父(fu)(fu)(fu)臨(lin)終,母(mu)(mu)(mu)求(qiu)去(qu),父(fu)(fu)(fu)許(xu)諾。”于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是制(zhi)出(chu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)齊(qi)衰(shuai)期。壸奏(zou)曰:“就如式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)臨(lin)終許(xu)諾,必(bi)(bi)也正(zheng)(zheng)名(ming),依禮(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)無(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)據。若(ruo)(ruo)夫(fu)有(you)命,須顯(xian)七出(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責,當存時棄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),無(wu)(wu)(wu)緣以(yi)(yi)絕(jue)(jue)義(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻留家制(zhi)服(fu)(fu)。若(ruo)(ruo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)臨(lin)困謬亂,使去(qu)留自由者(zhe),此(ci)必(bi)(bi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)相要以(yi)(yi)非(fei)(fei)(fei)禮(li)(li),則存亡(wang)無(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)得從(cong),式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宜正(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)禮(li)(li)。魏顆父(fu)(fu)(fu)命不(bu)(bu)從(cong)其亂,陳乾昔(xi)欲(yu)以(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)婢子殉,其子以(yi)(yi)非(fei)(fei)(fei)禮(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)從(cong),《春秋(qiu)》、《禮(li)(li)記》善(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。并以(yi)(yi)妾勝,猶(you)正(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)禮(li)(li),況其母(mu)(mu)(mu)乎(hu)!式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)夫(fu),生(sheng)事奉終,非(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)既絕(jue)(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻。夫(fu)亡(wang)制(zhi)服(fu)(fu),不(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)無(wu)(wu)(wu)義(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)婦。自云(yun)守節,非(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)更(geng)(geng)嫁。離(li)(li)絕(jue)(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斷(duan),在夫(fu)沒(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)。夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)既沒(mei),是其從(cong)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,而(er)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)出(chu)母(mu)(mu)(mu),此(ci)母(mu)(mu)(mu)以(yi)(yi)子出(chu)也。致使存無(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)容居,沒(mei)無(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)托也。寄命于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)他人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)門(men),埋尸于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冢(zhong)。若(ruo)(ruo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)亡(wang)后(hou)(hou),母(mu)(mu)(mu)尋沒(mei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)家,必(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)出(chu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)明(ming)矣(yi)(yi)。許(xu)諾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命一耳(er),以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)同居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時,至沒(mei)前(qian)(qian)(qian)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)門(men)而(er)不(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu),此(ci)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)制(zhi)離(li)(li)絕(jue)(jue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)二(er)(er)居,裁出(chu)否于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)意(yi)斷(duan)。離(li)(li)絕(jue)(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斷(duan),非(fei)(fei)(fei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)誰!假使二(er)(er)門(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子皆此(ci)母(mu)(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng),母(mu)(mu)(mu)戀前(qian)(qian)(qian)子,求(qiu)去(qu)求(qiu)絕(jue)(jue),非(fei)(fei)(fei)禮(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)后(hou)(hou)家,還(huan)(huan)反又非(fei)(fei)(fei)禮(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)門(men),去(qu)不(bu)(bu)可去(qu),還(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)可還(huan)(huan),則為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)無(wu)(wu)(wu)寄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)也。式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)(bi)內(nei)盡匡(kuang)諫,外極防閑,不(bu)(bu)絕(jue)(jue)明(ming)矣(yi)(yi)。何至守不(bu)(bu)移于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)至親,略情禮(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)假繼(ji)乎(hu)!繼(ji)母(mu)(mu)(mu)如母(mu)(mu)(mu),圣人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)。式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國士,閏門(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)犯禮(li)(li)違義(yi),開辟未有(you),于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)則無(wu)(wu)(wu)追亡(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan),于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)則無(wu)(wu)(wu)孝(xiao)敬(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),存則去(qu)留自由,亡(wang)則合葬(zang)路人(ren)(ren),可謂生(sheng)事不(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)禮(li)(li),死葬(zang)不(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)禮(li)(li)者(zhe)也。虧損世教(jiao),不(bu)(bu)可以(yi)(yi)居人(ren)(ren)倫詮(quan)正(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任(ren)。案(an)侍(shi)中、司徒、臨(lin)潁(ying)公組(zu)敷宣五(wu)教(jiao),實在任(ren)人(ren)(ren),而(er)含容違禮(li)(li),曾不(bu)(bu)貶黜,揚州(zhou)大(da)中正(zheng)(zheng)、侍(shi)中、平望亭侯(hou)曄,淮南(nan)大(da)中正(zheng)(zheng)、散騎侍(shi)郎弘,顯(xian)執(zhi)邦論,朝野取(qu)信,曾不(bu)(bu)能(neng)率(lv)禮(li)(li)正(zheng)(zheng)違,崇孝(xiao)敬(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao),并為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)勝其任(ren)。請以(yi)(yi)見事免組(zu)、曄、弘官,大(da)鴻臚削(xue)爵土,廷尉(wei)結罪。”疏奏(zou),詔(zhao)特原組(zu)等,式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)付鄉邑清議(yi),廢棄終身。壸遷吏部尚書。王(wang)含之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)難,加中軍將軍。含滅,以(yi)(yi)功封建興縣公,尋遷領軍將軍。
明帝(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)豫,領尚(shang)書令,與(yu)王導等俱受(shou)顧命輔幼(you)主。復拜右將軍(jun),加(jia)給(gei)事(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)、尚(shang)書令。帝(di)崩,成帝(di)即(ji)位,群臣(chen)(chen)進璽,司徒王導以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疾(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)至(zhi)。壸(kun)(kun)正色(se)于朝(chao)曰:“王公(gong)豈社稷(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)邪!大(da)行大(da)殯,嗣皇未立(li),寧是人(ren)(ren)(ren)臣(chen)(chen)辭(ci)疾(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時!”導聞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),乃(nai)輿(yu)疾(ji)而至(zhi)。皇太后臨朝(chao),壸(kun)(kun)與(yu)庾亮(liang)對直省中(zhong)(zhong),共參機(ji)要。時召(zhao)南陽樂(le)謨(mo)(mo)為(wei)郡中(zhong)(zhong)正,潁川庾怡為(wei)廷(ting)尉評。謨(mo)(mo)、怡各稱父命不(bu)(bu)(bu)就(jiu)。壸(kun)(kun)奏(zou)曰:“人(ren)(ren)(ren)無(wu)非(fei)(fei)父而生,職無(wu)非(fei)(fei)事(shi)而立(li)。有(you)父必(bi)有(you)命,居(ju)(ju)職必(bi)有(you)悔。有(you)家各私(si)(si)其子,此為(wei)王者(zhe)無(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren),職不(bu)(bu)(bu)軌(gui)物,官不(bu)(bu)(bu)立(li)政(zheng)。如此則(ze)先圣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)廢(fei)(fei),五教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訓塞(sai),君臣(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道散,上下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化替矣。樂(le)廣以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)平(ping)夷稱,庾珉以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)忠篤顯(xian),受(shou)寵圣世,身非(fei)(fei)己有(you),況及后嗣而可(ke)專哉!所(suo)居(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)職若順(shun)夫群心,則(ze)戰(zhan)戍者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父母皆(jie)當以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)命子,不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)處也(ye)。若順(shun)謨(mo)(mo)父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,則(ze)人(ren)(ren)(ren)皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)郡中(zhong)(zhong)正,人(ren)(ren)(ren)倫廢(fei)(fei)矣。順(shun)怡父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,人(ren)(ren)(ren)皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)獄官,則(ze)刑辟息(xi)矣。凡如是者(zhe),其可(ke)聽(ting)歟?若不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)聽(ting),何以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)許(xu)謨(mo)(mo)、怡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得(de)(de)稱父命乎(hu)!此為(wei)謨(mo)(mo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名父子可(ke)虧(kui)法,怡是親戚可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自專。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此二途服(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)示世,臣(chen)(chen)所(suo)未悟也(ye)。宜一切班下(xia),不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)私(si)(si)廢(fei)(fei)公(gong)。絕其表(biao)疏,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)永制。”朝(chao)議(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)然(ran)。謨(mo)(mo)、怡不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)已(yi),各居(ju)(ju)所(suo)職。是時王導稱疾(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)朝(chao),而私(si)(si)送車騎將軍(jun)郗鑒,壸(kun)(kun)奏(zou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)導虧(kui)法從私(si)(si),無(wu)大(da)臣(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)節。御史中(zhong)(zhong)丞(cheng)鐘雅阿撓王典(dian),不(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)準繩,并請免官。雖事(shi)寢不(bu)(bu)(bu)行,舉朝(chao)震肅(su)。壸(kun)(kun)斷裁切直,不(bu)(bu)(bu)畏(wei)強御,皆(jie)此類也(ye)。
壸(kun)干實當(dang)官,以褒(bao)貶為(wei)(wei)己任(ren),勤于吏事(shi),欲(yu)軌(gui)正督世(shi),不(bu)肯茍同時好(hao)。然性不(bu)弘(hong)裕,才不(bu)副意,故為(wei)(wei)諸(zhu)名士所少,而無(wu)卓爾(er)(er)優譽(yu)。明帝深器之(zhi),于諸(zhu)大臣而最任(ren)職。阮孚每(mei)(mei)謂之(zhi)曰;“卿恒無(wu)閑泰(tai),常如含瓦石,不(bu)亦(yi)勞乎?”壸(kun)曰:“諸(zhu)君以道德恢弘(hong),風流相尚,執鄙吝(lin)者,非壸(kun)而誰(shui)!”時貴游子弟多慕(mu)王(wang)(wang)澄、謝(xie)鯤為(wei)(wei)達,壸(kun)厲色于朝(chao)曰:“悖禮傷教,罪莫斯甚(shen)!中朝(chao)傾覆,實由于此。”欲(yu)奏推之(zhi)。王(wang)(wang)導(dao)、庾(yu)亮不(bu)從(cong),乃止,然而聞者莫不(bu)折節。時王(wang)(wang)導(dao)以勛(xun)德輔政(zheng),成帝每(mei)(mei)幸其宅(zhai),嘗拜(bai)導(dao)婦曹氏。侍中孔(kong)坦密表不(bu)宜拜(bai)。導(dao)聞之(zhi)曰:“王(wang)(wang)茂弘(hong)駑疴耳,若卞(bian)望(wang)之(zhi)之(zhi)巖(yan)巖(yan),刁玄亮之(zhi)察(cha)察(cha),戴(dai)若思(si)之(zhi)峰(feng)岠,當(dang)敢爾(er)(er)邪!”壸(kun)廉潔儉素(su),居甚(shen)貧約(yue)。息當(dang)婚,詔特賜錢五十萬,固辭不(bu)受(shou)。后患面(mian)創,累乞解(jie)職。
拜光祿大夫,加(jia)散騎常侍。時庾亮(liang)將(jiang)征(zheng)蘇(su)峻,言于朝(chao)曰:“峻狼子野心,終(zhong)必為(wei)(wei)亂。當(dang)下征(zheng)之,縱(zong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)順(shun)命,為(wei)(wei)禍(huo)猶(you)淺。若(ruo)復經年,為(wei)(wei)惡(e)滋蔓,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可復制。此(ci)是朝(chao)錯(cuo)勸漢景(jing)帝(di)早削七國(guo)事也。”當(dang)時議(yi)者無以(yi)易之。壸固爭,謂亮(liang)曰:“峻擁(yong)強兵(bing)(bing),多藏無賴(lai),且(qie)逼近(jin)京邑(yi),路(lu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)終(zhong)朝(chao),一(yi)旦(dan)有變,易為(wei)(wei)蹉跌。宜深思遠慮(lv)(lv),恐(kong)未可倉卒。”亮(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)納(na)。壸知(zhi)必敗,與平南將(jiang)軍溫嶠書(shu)曰:“元(yuan)規召(zhao)峻意定,懷此(ci)於邑(yi)。溫生足下,柰此(ci)事何!吾今(jin)(jin)所慮(lv)(lv),是國(guo)之大事,且(qie)峻已出(chu)狂(kuang)意,而召(zhao)之更速(su),必縱(zong)其群惡(e)以(yi)向朝(chao)廷。朝(chao)廷威力誠(cheng)桓桓,交須接鋒履刃,尚不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)便可即擒(qin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)?王公亦同此(ci)情。吾與之爭甚懇切(qie),不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)如之何。本出(chu)足下為(wei)(wei)外籓(fan)任(ren),而今(jin)(jin)恨出(chu)足下在外。若(ruo)卿在內(nei)俱諫,必當(dang)相(xiang)從(cong)。今(jin)(jin)內(nei)外戒(jie)嚴(yan),四方有備(bei),峻兇狂(kuang)必無所至耳,恐(kong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)使(shi)無傷,如何?”壸司馬(ma)任(ren)臺勸壸宜畜良馬(ma),以(yi)備(bei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)虞。壸笑曰:“以(yi)順(shun)逆論(lun)之,理無不(bu)(bu)(bu)濟。若(ruo)萬(wan)一(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)然,豈須馬(ma)哉!”峻果稱兵(bing)(bing)。壸復為(wei)(wei)尚書(shu)令、右將(jiang)軍、領右衛(wei)將(jiang)軍,余官如故。
峻至東陵口,詔以(yi)壸(kun)都(dou)督大(da)(da)桁東諸(zhu)軍(jun)事、假節,復加領軍(jun)將軍(jun)、給事中,壸(kun)率(lv)郭默(mo)、趙胤等(deng)與(yu)(yu)峻大(da)(da)戰于西(xi)陵,為(wei)峻所破(po)。壸(kun)與(yu)(yu)鐘雅皆退(tui)還,死傷者以(yi)千數。壸(kun)、雅并還節,詣闕謝罪。峻進(jin)攻青(qing)溪,壸(kun)與(yu)(yu)諸(zhu)軍(jun)距擊,不能禁。賊放火燒宮寺,六軍(jun)敗(bai)績。壸(kun)時(shi)(shi)發背創,猶未合(he),力疾(ji)而戰,率(lv)厲散眾及左右(you)吏數百人(ren),攻賊麾下,苦戰,遂死之,時(shi)(shi)年四十八。二子眕、盱見父沒(mei),相隨赴賊,同時(shi)(shi)見害。
峻平,朝議(yi)贈(zeng)壸(kun)(kun)左光祿(lu)大(da)夫(fu)(fu),加散騎(qi)常侍(shi)(shi)。尚(shang)書郎(lang)弘訥議(yi)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)“死事(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)古今所重(zhong)(zhong),卞(bian)令忠(zhong)貞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)節(jie)(jie),當(dang)書于(yu)(yu)(yu)竹帛。今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)追贈(zeng),實未副眾望,謂(wei)宜加鼎(ding)司之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)號(hao),以(yi)旌忠(zhong)烈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勛”。司徒王導(dao)見議(yi),進贈(zeng)驃騎(qi)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun),加侍(shi)(shi)中(zhong)。訥重(zhong)(zhong)議(yi)曰(yue):“夫(fu)(fu)事(shi)(shi)親莫大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)孝,事(shi)(shi)君(jun)莫尚(shang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)忠(zhong)。唯孝也,故能(neng)盡敬竭誠;唯忠(zhong)也,故能(neng)見危(wei)授命。此在(zai)三(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)節(jie)(jie),臣(chen)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極行也。案壸(kun)(kun)委(wei)質三(san)朝,盡規翼亮,遭世險難,存(cun)亡以(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。受顧托之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong),居(ju)端右之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任,擁衛(wei)至尊(zun),則有保傅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恩;正(zheng)色(se)在(zai)朝,則有匪躬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)節(jie)(jie)。賊(zei)(zei)峻造逆,戮(lu)力致(zhi)討,身當(dang)矢旝,再對賊(zei)(zei)鋒,父(fu)(fu)子(zi)并命,可謂(wei)破家(jia)為(wei)(wei)國,守死勤(qin)事(shi)(shi)。昔許(xu)男疾(ji)終,猶蒙二等之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贈(zeng),況壸(kun)(kun)伏節(jie)(jie)國難者乎(hu)!夫(fu)(fu)賞疑從重(zhong)(zhong),況在(zai)不疑!謂(wei)可上(shang)準許(xu)穆,下同(tong)嵇(ji)紹,則允合(he)典謨,克厭眾望。”于(yu)(yu)(yu)是改(gai)贈(zeng)壸(kun)(kun)侍(shi)(shi)中(zhong)、驃騎(qi)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)、開府(fu)儀同(tong)三(san)司,謚曰(yue)忠(zhong)貞,祠以(yi)太牢(lao)。贈(zeng)世子(zi)眕散騎(qi)侍(shi)(shi)郎(lang),眕弟盱奉車(che)都(dou)尉。珍(zhen)母裴氏(shi)撫二子(zi)尸哭曰(yue):“父(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)忠(zhong)臣(chen),汝為(wei)(wei)孝子(zi),夫(fu)(fu)何恨乎(hu)!”征士翟湯聞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嘆曰(yue):“父(fu)(fu)死于(yu)(yu)(yu)君(jun),子(zi)死于(yu)(yu)(yu)父(fu)(fu),忠(zhong)孝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,萃于(yu)(yu)(yu)一門。”眕子(zi)誕(dan)嗣(si)。
咸康(kang)六年,成帝追思壸(kun),下詔(zhao)曰:“壸(kun)立朝忠恪,喪身(shen)兇寇(kou),所封懸(xuan)遠,租秩薄少(shao),妻息不瞻(zhan),以為慨然!可(ke)給(gei)實口廩。”其后盜(dao)發(fa)壸(kun)墓,尸(shi)僵,鬢發(fa)蒼白,面如生,兩手悉拳(quan),爪甲穿(chuan)達手背。安帝詔(zhao)給(gei)錢十(shi)萬,以修塋兆。
祖父:卞統(tong),瑯邪內(nei)史。
父親:卞粹
妻子:裴氏,徐州刺史裴盾的(de)妹妹。
兒子(zi):卞眕(zhen),追贈(zeng)散騎侍郎。卞盱(xu),卞眕(zhen)弟(di),追贈(zeng)盱(xu)奉車都尉。
孫(sun)子(zi):卞(bian)誕,卞(bian)眕之子(zi)。