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鞠杲（生卒年月不詳），北(bei)宋(song)吳川(chuan)(chuan)人，元(yuan)祐進(jin)士，他(ta)是吳川(chuan)(chuan)歷史(shi)上第一位進(jin)士。河南(nan)鞠詠之后，故居在(zai)原吳川(chuan)(chuan)縣北(bei)十(shi)一都(dou)溫口村(現(xian)吳川(chuan)(chuan)市黃(huang)坡鎮穩村也叫彎村)。

北宋末期，宋神宗為了(le)挽救危(wei)機，支(zhi)持王(wang)安石實行變(bian)法(fa)，此舉(ju)遭(zao)到(dao)保守派(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)強(qiang)烈反對。在變(bian)法(fa)派(pai)(pai)與保守派(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)反復斗爭中，鞠(ju)杲(gao)站在保守派(pai)(pai)一(yi)方，于元符中年入京上書，“辭極(ji)抗直地力數改革派(pai)(pai)章惇、蔡卞等人(ren)的(de)(de)罪行，激怒了(le)章惇，遂被列為“奸黨”貶謫(zhe)終(zhong)身。保守派(pai)(pai)復辟(pi)后則尊他(ta)為鄉賢(xian)加以崇祀。

主要經歷

鞠杲的祖上是密州高密的世家大(da)族，遠祖鞠真、鞠常、鞠仲(zhong)謀、鞠礪、鞠詠連續五代皆為(wei)北宋大(da)臣，其中鞠常、鞠詠還(huan)名列《宋史》，

據《宋史(shi)》和高(gao)安(an)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)氏(shi)(shi)族譜記(ji)載：北宋真(zhen)宗時(shi)期的侍御史(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)傳二(er)子，長子鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)礪，次子鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)砥。鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)之(zhi)父鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)常(chang)(chang)，漢乾祐二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)擢進(jin)士第(di)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)十(shi)一......開(kai)寶七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，寢疾，卒于(yu)(yu)(yu)官舍(she)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四(si)十(shi)七(qi)(qi)，享(xiang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)應為(wei)公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)928-974年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。又載：夫人于(yu)(yu)(yu)氏(shi)(shi)“太平興國七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)卒于(yu)(yu)(yu)私(si)第(di)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四(si)十(shi)七(qi)(qi)。”享(xiang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)應為(wei)公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)936-982年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。假如于(yu)(yu)(yu)氏(shi)(shi)夫人在十(shi)八歲(sui)生長子鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)，那么鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)的出生年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)應是后周廣順三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)953年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），到(dao)《宋會(hui)要(yao)輯稿》記(ji)載的“景德(de)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）正月(yue)二(er)十(shi)八，命侍御史(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)為(wei)國子監考試知(zhi)舉官”整53歲(sui)。而(er)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)詠，參閱(yue)《宋史(shi)》只能查(cha)到(dao)他(ta)的卒年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，據載：“鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)詠，開(kai)封人，詠十(shi)歲(sui)而(er)孤，父勵為(wei)廣南轉運使(shi)”，又載：“天圣八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1030年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）.......判登聞檢院，明年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)詠卒。”因此(ci)認定鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)詠卒于(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1031年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。由此(ci)得出的輩分排序為(wei)：常(chang)(chang)-仲(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)-礪-詠，從(cong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)齡結構上是合理的，而(er)《宋史(shi)》中的“勵”亦可(ke)為(wei)“礪”。

鞠(ju)(ju)杲(gao)，從家譜上(shang)(shang)(shang)得知是(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)仲謀長子鞠(ju)(ju)礪的(de)(de)(de)嫡傳(chuan)，那(nei)么他的(de)(de)(de)輩(bei)(bei)分排序(xu)應(ying)(ying)該(gai)怎樣確定呢(ni)？首(shou)先，鞠(ju)(ju)杲(gao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)書彈(dan)劾章惇在歷(li)史(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)很有(you)名(ming)，各(ge)種史(shi)籍多有(you)記載，時間(jian)是(shi)在“北(bei)宋(song)元符中(zhong)”，大約是(shi)1099年(nian)(nian)，歷(li)史(shi)記載：“鞠(ju)(ju)杲(gao)中(zhong)進(jin)士第(di)不久便進(jin)京上(shang)(shang)(shang)書，彈(dan)劾章惇妨賢誤(wu)國，言極抗直”。湛江吳(wu)(wu)川(chuan)(chuan)史(shi)志上(shang)(shang)(shang)說，鞠(ju)(ju)杲(gao)是(shi)吳(wu)(wu)川(chuan)(chuan)歷(li)史(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)進(jin)士的(de)(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)(yi)人。進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步分析(xi)，一(yi)(yi)般參(can)加科(ke)考都(dou)在青壯年(nian)(nian)，像范(fan)進(jin)那(nei)樣七老八(ba)十(shi)了才中(zhong)舉(ju)人的(de)(de)(de)，即(ji)使不是(shi)小說的(de)(de)(de)夸張也是(shi)特例(li)。彈(dan)劾事件既(ji)然發生在元符中(zhong)，此時鞠(ju)(ju)杲(gao)正當青壯年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)四十(shi)歲以前，而鞠(ju)(ju)詠卒年(nian)(nian)在1031年(nian)(nian)，青壯年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)鞠(ju)(ju)杲(gao)同(tong)卒年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)鞠(ju)(ju)詠就已知時間(jian)判斷就相差68年(nian)(nian)，因為(wei)(wei)是(shi)直系傳(chuan)人，68年(nian)(nian)至少應(ying)(ying)傳(chuan)續三代以上(shang)(shang)(shang)。吳(wu)(wu)川(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)位(wei)網友(you)認為(wei)(wei)：鞠(ju)(ju)詠是(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)杲(gao)之父(fu)。這(zhe)個顯然不合邏輯，假設鞠(ju)(ju)詠病逝時鞠(ju)(ju)杲(gao)年(nian)(nian)方一(yi)(yi)歲，到元符中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)1099年(nian)(nian)已經是(shi)68歲的(de)(de)(de)老人，偌大年(nian)(nian)紀尚能(neng)(neng)遠涉幾千里(li)，風塵(chen)仆仆的(de)(de)(de)從吳(wu)(wu)川(chuan)(chuan)到汴京上(shang)(shang)(shang)訪告狀這(zhe)可能(neng)(neng)嗎？因此鞠(ju)(ju)杲(gao)應(ying)(ying)是(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)詠的(de)(de)(de)孫輩(bei)(bei)或曾孫輩(bei)(bei)比較合理。

其(qi)次，鞠(ju)(ju)杲中第是(shi)在(zai)(zai)吳(wu)(wu)川，吳(wu)(wu)川在(zai)(zai)北宋隸屬廣(guang)(guang)南(nan)(nan)東(dong)(dong)路(lu)(lu)，其(qi)祖鞠(ju)(ju)礪又擔任過廣(guang)(guang)南(nan)(nan)轉(zhuan)運使(shi)(shi)，看(kan)來鞠(ju)(ju)杲居吳(wu)(wu)川是(shi)有歷(li)(li)史(shi)原因的(de)(de)(de)。北宋的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)運使(shi)(shi)權(quan)力(li)很大(da)，負(fu)責(ze)軍隊的(de)(de)(de)軍需糧草供應和漕運，相(xiang)當(dang)于現在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)勤(qin)部(bu)長(chang)，主(zhu)(zhu)要官員由兵部(bu)委派，不(bu)受地方轄(xia)制。廣(guang)(guang)南(nan)(nan)路(lu)(lu)分(fen)東(dong)(dong)路(lu)(lu)和西(xi)路(lu)(lu)，廣(guang)(guang)南(nan)(nan)東(dong)(dong)路(lu)(lu)為現在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)，西(xi)路(lu)(lu)是(shi)廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)，吳(wu)(wu)川縣北“十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)都溫口村(cun)（宋代歷(li)(li)史(shi)名稱(cheng)）”正好在(zai)(zai)廣(guang)(guang)南(nan)(nan)東(dong)(dong)路(lu)(lu)漕運的(de)(de)(de)要道上，是(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)礪工作的(de)(de)(de)必經之地，家住(zhu)開封的(de)(de)(de)鞠(ju)(ju)礪在(zai)(zai)此(ci)選(xuan)擇(ze)一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊風水寶(bao)地投資田產很正常。想當(dang)初鞠(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)謀從雍(yong)熙(xi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)到端拱二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)作康(kang)樂（今(jin)江西(xi)萬(wan)載）主(zhu)(zhu)簿，利用五年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)積蓄為二(er)兒子(zi)(zi)(zi)鞠(ju)(ju)砥在(zai)(zai)石崗投資一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊田產，可能(neng)是(shi)認為鞠(ju)(ju)砥仕(shi)途無望(wang)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)遠打算。而此(ci)時的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)鞠(ju)(ju)礪，一(yi)(yi)(yi)定是(shi)成績優異，為父也(ye)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定看(kan)出他(ta)將來的(de)(de)(de)仕(shi)途無量，果然入仕(shi)后(hou)(hou)，先任尚書善部(bu)員外郎，后(hou)(hou)任廣(guang)(guang)南(nan)(nan)轉(zhuan)運使(shi)(shi)，可謂官運亨(heng)通。鞠(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)謀早期(qi)也(ye)曾擔任過陜西(xi)轉(zhuan)運使(shi)(shi)，后(hou)(hou)來升到兵部(bu)員外郎，父子(zi)(zi)(zi)倆先后(hou)(hou)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個系統任職(zhi)，真(zhen)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)榮俱榮啊。可惜，鞠(ju)(ju)礪英年(nian)(nian)(nian)早逝。

新建(jian)西(xi)(xi)山鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)氏譜(pu)序上(shang)(shang)說：西(xi)(xi)山萬(wan)壽宮鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)氏的(de)(de)始遷(qian)祖是(shi)(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)杲，是(shi)(shi)為(wei)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)守(shou)靈(ling)(ling)而(er)(er)(er)舉(ju)家遷(qian)徙。從時(shi)間(jian)上(shang)(shang)分析(xi)，鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)杲的(de)(de)遷(qian)徙應(ying)該是(shi)(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)卒后100多(duo)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)事了，而(er)(er)(er)距鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)砥遷(qian)石崗最少也晚(wan)了120年(nian)(nian)。金田鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)氏明朝萬(wan)歷三十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)九月(yue)譜(pu)序載(zai)：鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)宋景(jing)德(de)二十(shi)四(si)(si)賢之一，為(wei)了表彰(zhang)他(ta)生(sheng)前(qian)對朝廷做(zuo)出的(de)(de)貢獻(xian)，死(si)后由宋真(zhen)宗欽勅“柩(jiu)葬大(da)(da)嶺......命(ming)子(zi)孫就(jiu)而(er)(er)(er)居(ju)焉(yan)(yan)。”關于景(jing)德(de)二十(shi)四(si)(si)賢歷史有記載(zai)，《資(zi)治通鑒卷(juan)二十(shi)四(si)(si)》載(zai)：“帝密采(cai)群臣之有聞望者，得刑部郎中(zhong)邊肅，殿中(zhong)丞鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)......凡二十(shi)四(si)(si)人(ren)......或命(ming)為(wei)省府判(pan)官，或升其差(cha)使焉(yan)(yan)。”鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)名(ming)列(lie)第二。“景(jing)德(de)二十(shi)四(si)(si)賢”，這是(shi)(shi)朝廷對現(xian)任(ren)官員政績的(de)(de)一種褒(bao)獎，這說明在北(bei)宋景(jing)德(de)四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)1007年(nian)(nian)）以前(qian)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)仍在任(ren)上(shang)(shang)，而(er)(er)(er)此(ci)時(shi)長子(zi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)礪已經先父而(er)(er)(er)終，由此(ci)判(pan)斷，鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)享年(nian)(nian)應(ying)在六(liu)十(shi)歲(sui)以內(nei)。“大(da)(da)嶺”是(shi)(shi)葬地(di)(di)，宋代的(de)(de)大(da)(da)嶺今(jin)無可考，很可能是(shi)(shi)今(jin)天西(xi)(xi)山前(qian)面的(de)(de)某一個地(di)(di)方。“命(ming)子(zi)孫就(jiu)而(er)(er)(er)居(ju)焉(yan)(yan)”就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)責令子(zi)孫就(jiu)地(di)(di)居(ju)住(zhu)，世代守(shou)靈(ling)(ling)。丁憂(you)是(shi)(shi)古代行孝的(de)(de)一種制度(du)，一般由兒子(zi)來執行，規定是(shi)(shi)結廬墓(mu)旁，披麻戴孝，守(shou)靈(ling)(ling)三年(nian)(nian)。仲(zhong)(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)公逝世之時(shi)，長子(zi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)礪或已亡故(gu)，守(shou)靈(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)重任(ren)自然落(luo)在次子(zi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)砥身(shen)上(shang)(shang)，因此(ci)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)砥及其后代應(ying)是(shi)(shi)第一波參與守(shou)靈(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)人(ren)。北(bei)宋元(yuan)符中(zhong)即1099年(nian)(nian)，鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)杲尚(shang)在吳(wu)川，因此(ci)，遷(qian)徙時(shi)間(jian)應(ying)是(shi)(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)杲上(shang)(shang)告章惇(dun)失敗被“貶(bian)謫終身(shen)”后，方才舉(ju)家遷(qian)往洪州西(xi)(xi)山，此(ci)時(shi)應(ying)該是(shi)(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)逝后大(da)(da)約90~100年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)事了。