定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)鵝因產自(zi)海南省定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)縣(xian),以一年(nian)四季都能(neng)產蛋(dan)(dan)、自(zi)孵而(er)得名。定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)四季鵝適應(ying)性好、抗病力(li)強(qiang)、體型(xing)大、增重快,覓食(shi)力(li)強(qiang),消(xiao)化率高(gao),能(neng)充分利(li)用野草(cao)、秸(jie)稈、遺落稻穗,甚至(zhi)深(shen)埋污泥中的草(cao)根(gen)、塊莖等(deng),飼養耗糧少(shao),成本低,年(nian)產蛋(dan)(dan)量高(gao),肉質(zhi)好,深(shen)受百(bai)姓歡迎,是(shi)定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)農(nong)家的當家家禽品種(zhong)。
定(ding)安鵝的特點是體(ti)型中(zhong)等,外(wai)貌清秀,體(ti)態(tai)呈橢圓形(xing)。喙(hui)長(chang)。虹彩(cai)黃(huang)(huang)褐色。頸較(jiao)細長(chang),稍呈弓形(xing),后軀發達。產蛋期腹下單褶或(huo)雙褶,垂皮明顯(xian)。通常(chang)鵝群分兩大(da)類型:羽(yu)毛全白(bai),喙(hui)橘(ju)黃(huang)(huang)色,跖、蹼、趾橙黃(huang)(huang)色頸羽(yu)、翼羽(yu)、尾羽(yu)灰褐色,腹下乳白(bai)色。
1、生(sheng)長速度與產肉性(xing)能
平均(jun)(jun)體(ti)重:初生(sheng)95克(ke);30日齡(ling)(ling)1110克(ke);60日齡(ling)(ling)2750克(ke);90日齡(ling)(ling)3830克(ke);120日齡(ling)(ling)4060克(ke);成年公(gong)(gong)母(mu)鵝分別為5240克(ke)、4410克(ke)。仔鵝,35日齡(ling)(ling)時開始(shi)長粗毛,45日齡(ling)(ling)時腹、翼、尾部長出粗羽(yu),60日齡(ling)(ling)時長主翼羽(yu),75~80日齡(ling)(ling)長齊翅羽(yu)。90日齡(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)鵝平均(jun)(jun)半凈膛(tang)屠宰(zai)率(lv)81.94%,母(mu)鵝83.48%;90日齡(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)鵝平均(jun)(jun)全凈膛(tang)屠宰(zai)率(lv)74.09%,母(mu)鵝76.58%。成年公(gong)(gong)鵝平均(jun)(jun)半凈膛(tang)屠宰(zai)率(lv)86.16%,母(mu)鵝87.46%;成年公(gong)(gong)鵝平均(jun)(jun)全凈膛(tang)屠宰(zai)率(lv)79.69%,母(mu)鵝79.11%。
2、產蛋性(xing)能與(yu)繁殖性(xing)能
母鵝(e)(e)(e)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)開產(chan)(chan)日齡(ling)185天(tian)(tian)(最早的為162天(tian)(tian))。每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)從9~10月(yue)產(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)開始(shi)至(zhi)翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)3~4月(yue)結(jie)束,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)2~4窩,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)37枚,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)蛋(dan)重160克。平(ping)(ping)均(jun)蛋(dan)殼厚(hou)度0.42毫米,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)蛋(dan)形指(zhi)數(shu)1.38。蛋(dan)殼乳白色。公(gong)鵝(e)(e)(e)性成熟期140~160天(tian)(tian),適宜(yi)配種年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)齡(ling)在200天(tian)(tian)以上(shang)。公(gong)母鵝(e)(e)(e)配種比例1:(4~5)。平(ping)(ping)均(jun)種蛋(dan)受(shou)精率84.2%,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)受(shou)精蛋(dan)孵化(hua)率94.4%。母鵝(e)(e)(e)就巢性強,有(you)97%的母鵝(e)(e)(e)有(you)就巢性,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)就巢2~3次。公(gong)鵝(e)(e)(e)利用年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)限4~6年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),母鵝(e)(e)(e)6~8年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。