大狐(hu)姓(xing)氏(shi)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)中國(guo)為(wei)(wei)數不多的(de)稀有姓(xing)氏(shi)之一,它(ta)的(de)淵源、遷徙、分布都是有史可循,有據(ju)可查的(de)!
單一(yi)(yi)淵源:源于(yu)(yu)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)姓(xing)(xing),出自(zi)春秋時期晉國大夫(fu)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)突(tu),屬于(yu)(yu)以先(xian)祖名(ming)字(zi)為(wei)(wei)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。大狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),為(wei)(wei)春秋時期晉國很早(zao)即(ji)出現的(de)(de)姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。宋朝(chao)時期著(zhu)名(ming)學者鄧(deng)名(ming)世(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)《古(gu)今(jin)姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)書(shu)辯證(zheng)·去·十四泰》中記(ji)載(zai):“大狐(hu)(hu)(hu),出自(zi)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)姓(xing)(xing)。晉大夫(fu)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)突(tu),字(zi)伯行,文(wen)公重(zhong)耳(er)外祖父也,生(sheng)(sheng)毛(mao)及偃,毛(mao)生(sheng)(sheng)溱,皆為(wei)(wei)晉卿,別為(wei)(wei)大狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。”姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)學界一(yi)(yi)般認為(wei)(wei),大狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)本(ben)姓(xing)(xing)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),因其(qi)先(xian)祖被分封(feng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)大戎(rong)(今(jin)山西(xi)交城(cheng)一(yi)(yi)帶),故改姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)姓(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)大狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)史(shi)籍《左傳》中記(ji)載(zai),后來晉獻公姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)佹諸(zhu)(公元前(qian)676~前(qian)651年在(zai)(zai)(zai)位(wei))“又娶二女(nv)于(yu)(yu)戎(rong),大戎(rong)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)重(zhong)耳(er),小戎(rong)子生(sheng)(sheng)夷(yi)吾”。漢(han)朝(chao)著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)(de)史(shi)學家司馬遷也認為(wei)(wei),“重(zhong)耳(er)母(mu),翟(zhai)之(zhi)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)女(nv)也”。不過(guo),當時也有其(qi)他民(min)(min)族(zu)是(shi)(shi)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)姓(xing)(xing)的(de)(de),那(nei)么(me)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)突(tu)的(de)(de)祖上(shang)(shang)是(shi)(shi)姓(xing)(xing)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)還是(shi)(shi)姓(xing)(xing)狐(hu)(hu)(hu),是(shi)(shi)土著(zhu)民(min)(min)族(zu)還是(shi)(shi)宗周后裔?如(ru)果是(shi)(shi)出自(zi)土著(zhu)民(min)(min)族(zu),那(nei)么(me)到底(di)是(shi)(shi)戎(rong)還是(shi)(shi)翟(zhai)?均(jun)已渺茫難考了。山西(xi),為(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)古(gu)唐“帝堯初都”之(zhi)地,又是(shi)(shi)夏王(wang)朝(chao)統治時期的(de)(de)根(gen)據地,但是(shi)(shi)到了商末西(xi)周初,該地區(qu)已經基本(ben)上(shang)(shang)是(shi)(shi)戎(rong)、翟(zhai)(狄(di))、氐、羌諸(zhu)民(min)(min)族(zu)出沒游牧的(de)(de)地方了。
據史(shi)籍《左傳·定公四年》中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載,周(zhou)(zhou)成王姬(ji)誦“分唐(tang)叔(shu)(shu)(叔(shu)(shu)虞(yu))以大(da)路,密須(xu)之(zhi)鼓(gu),闕鞏,沽洗,懷(huai)姓(xing)(xing)九宗(zong),職(zhi)(zhi)官五正。命以《唐(tang)誥》,而封于(yu)(yu)夏虛,啟(qi)以夏政,疆以戎(rong)索。”這(zhe)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“啟(qi)以夏政,疆以戎(rong)索”,實際上是(shi)就(jiu)晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)在(zai)(zai)建國(guo)初期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本治國(guo)方略,就(jiu)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)中央(yang)政權的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設上,堅(jian)持周(zhou)(zhou)王朝比較(jiao)先進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政治制(zhi)度,但是(shi)在(zai)(zai)地(di)域管理方面又遵循和(he)順應當地(di)各(ge)(ge)個游牧民(min)族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)俗。在(zai)(zai)晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)建立(li)初期,真正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)周(zhou)(zhou)貴族(zu)是(shi)不多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),姬(ji)叔(shu)(shu)虞(yu)當時(shi)只帶(dai)去了“懷(huai)姓(xing)(xing)九宗(zong),職(zhi)(zhi)官五正”等少量姬(ji)姓(xing)(xing)族(zu)人(ren)以及一軍(jun)之(zhi)卒(zu)(凡制(zhi)軍(jun),萬(wan)有二千五百人(ren)為一軍(jun)),晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)部分國(guo)人(ren)還是(shi)當地(di)土著居民(min)。事實上,在(zai)(zai)整個春(chun)秋時(shi)期,各(ge)(ge)諸侯國(guo)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)“胡”風(feng)一直(zhi)是(shi)很濃(nong)厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),從西周(zhou)(zhou)初期受封于(yu)(yu)唐(tang)邑,后(hou)改唐(tang)為晉(jin)(jin),建立(li)晉(jin)(jin)國(guo),晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)人(ren)與周(zhou)(zhou)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)個民(min)族(zu)通商、通婚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象一直(zhi)就(jiu)十分普遍,就(jiu)連國(guo)君也(ye)不例(li)外(wai),這(zhe)與燕國(guo)、秦國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況大(da)體相同。
大(da)狐氏,歷代皆(jie)為晉國重臣(chen),傳到歷晉文(wen)公(gong)姬重耳(公(gong)元前(qian)(qian)636~前(qian)(qian)628年在(zai)位(wei))、晉襄公(gong)姬歡(姬環,公(gong)元前(qian)(qian)627~前(qian)(qian)621年在(zai)位(wei))、晉靈公(gong)姬夷皋(公(gong)元前(qian)(qian)620~前(qian)(qian)607年在(zai)位(wei))三朝、史稱晉國“股肱”的大(da)狐射姑以(yi)后,因其(qi)封地在(zai)賈(jia)(今山西(xi)(xi)臨汾(fen)),其(qi)后裔(yi)子孫大(da)多省文(wen)簡改為單姓狐氏、賈(jia)氏,大(da)狐氏復(fu)姓就(jiu)此在(zai)歷史上基本消失了。如今,僅在(zai)浙(zhe)江省西(xi)(xi)南部(bu)麗水地區還有(you)極其(qi)稀少的復(fu)姓大(da)狐氏族人(ren),仍以(yi)平陽(今山西(xi)(xi)臨汾(fen))為郡望。
大狐突(姬狐突)。
平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun):亦稱(cheng)臨(lin)汾(fen)郡(jun)(jun)。歷(li)史上(shang)的(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)有(you)二(er)(er):①即(ji)今(jin)(jin)山(shan)西省臨(lin)汾(fen)市(shi)。西漢(han)初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(己(ji)(ji)亥,公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前202年(nian)(nian)(nian))置平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian),治所在(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(今(jin)(jin)山(shan)西臨(lin)汾(fen))。三(san)國時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)曹魏國正(zheng)始八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(丁卯,公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)247年(nian)(nian)(nian)),將河東郡(jun)(jun)分出一部分與(yu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)合(he)并(bing),設置為(wei)(wei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun),治所亦在(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(今(jin)(jin)山(shan)西臨(lin)汾(fen)),其(qi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轄(xia)地在(zai)今(jin)(jin)山(shan)西藿縣(xian)以(yi)(yi)南的(de)汾(fen)河流域及其(qi)以(yi)(yi)西地區,境內(nei)為(wei)(wei)司(si)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun),轄(xia)十縣(xian)。西晉(jin)(jin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)仍為(wei)(wei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun),轄(xia)十二(er)(er)縣(xian)。西晉(jin)(jin)永嘉三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(己(ji)(ji)巳,公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)309年(nian)(nian)(nian))初,匈奴人劉(liu)(liu)淵自蒲(pu)子城(cheng)(cheng)(隰縣(xian))遷(qian)都(dou)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang),稱(cheng)帝建漢(han),境內(nei)屬之。東晉(jin)(jin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)先(xian)后屬并(bing)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、雍(yong)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)和冀州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou);北魏時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)境內(nei)為(wei)(wei)東雍(yong)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),轄(xia)七郡(jun)(jun)二(er)(er)十縣(xian);北魏神鹿元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(戊(wu)辰,公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)428年(nian)(nian)(nian))始筑白(bai)馬(ma)(ma)城(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)(jin)山(shan)西臨(lin)汾(fen)),因魏刑(xing)白(bai)馬(ma)(ma)祭祀(si)天地神靈筑城(cheng)(cheng)而名。孝(xiao)昌二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)改(gai)置唐(tang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),治所在(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)故城(cheng)(cheng)(劉(liu)(liu)村);北魏建義(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(戊(wu)申,公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)528年(nian)(nian)(nian))改(gai)稱(cheng)晉(jin)(jin)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),移治自馬(ma)(ma)城(cheng)(cheng),與(yu)郡(jun)(jun)縣(xian)同治,沿用至(zhi)今(jin)(jin)。②即(ji)今(jin)(jin)山(shan)東省鄒城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)。鄒城(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)春秋戰國時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)古稱(cheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang),是(shi)“鄒魯圣地”,為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)國儒(ru)學發(fa)源地。夏王朝時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)屬九州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)徐州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之域,秦朝時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)開始設置“騶(zou)縣(xian)”,歷(li)漢(han)、晉(jin)(jin)、南北朝,及唐(tang)朝初期(qi)改(gai)“騶(zou)”為(wei)(wei)“鄒”,稱(cheng)“鄒縣(xian)”,沿襲至(zhi)1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月,撤縣(xian)設市(shi),稱(cheng)鄒城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)。大狐氏的(de)郡(jun)(jun)望為(wei)(wei)①即(ji)今(jin)(jin)山(shan)西臨(lin)汾(fen)。
平陽堂:以望立堂。
大(da)(da)狐(hu)氏(shi)(shi)復姓(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)一(yi)個非常古老的姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi),但在今中國(guo)大(da)(da)陸的姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)排(pai)行榜上未(wei)列入百家(jia)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)前(qian)一(yi)千位,在臺灣省則(ze)沒有。今浙江省西南部(bu)的麗(li)水地區,有零星大(da)(da)狐(hu)氏(shi)(shi)族人(ren)分布,以平(ping)陽為郡望。人(ren)口(kou)總數不及一(yi)百,大(da)(da)概屬于人(ren)口(kou)最(zui)稀(xi)少的姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)群體之一(yi)了。