第(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)是漢族復(fu)姓(xing)之一(yi),為田齊(qi)王(wang)族之后。秦(qin)末天下紛(fen)(fen)爭(zheng),起先被(bei)秦(qin)國所滅的六(liu)國,其王(wang)族后裔(yi)們(men),爭(zheng)先糾集人(ren)馬反秦(qin)復(fu)國;而在漢高祖劉邦建立(li)漢朝后,顧慮到這些復(fu)國失敗的舊(jiu)王(wang)族勢力(li),便(bian)將他們(men)紛(fen)(fen)紛(fen)(fen)遷出原籍,另外擇地安置。其中將田齊(qi)王(wang)族從(cong)第(di)一(yi)到第(di)八(ba)分為八(ba)支遷走,故而后人(ren)以(yi)第(di)次為姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi),第(di)五(wu)(wu)氏(shi)(shi)就為這里(li)的一(yi)支。如今,第(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)多(duo)分布于陜西涇陽、旬(xun)邑(yi)一(yi)帶,一(yi)些第(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)現(xian)多(duo)演化為第(di)姓(xing)、五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)或伍姓(xing)。
第(di)五(wu)氏(shi)出名的歷史人物有漢代(dai)大(da)司空第(di)五(wu)倫,唐代(dai)宰相第(di)五(wu)琦等(deng)。
復姓第五可以(yi)追溯到舜帝(di),其(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)有姚、媯、陳(chen)、胡(hu)(hu)(hu)、田,皆為(wei)同(tong)根同(tong)源,史稱“媯汭五姓”。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)舜的(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)裔(yi)不(bu)斷發展,一(yi)直(zhi)到商朝(chao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)期,舜的(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)代閼(e)父(fu)歸順(shun)于周文王(wang),任陶正之官。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)周武王(wang)消滅(mie)商紂,建(jian)立周朝(chao),并(bing)將長(chang)女大(da)姬嫁(jia)與閼(e)父(fu)之子媯滿(man)(舜后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)33代孫(sun))。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)來,武王(wang)追封(feng)上(shang)古圣王(wang)的(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)裔(yi),媯滿(man)氏(shi)因此被封(feng)為(wei)陳(chen)侯,位于陳(chen)地(di),國都位于今天河南淮陽縣。媯滿(man)史稱陳(chen)胡(hu)(hu)(hu)公(gong),胡(hu)(hu)(hu)公(gong)滿(man),其(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)代以(yi)國為(wei)姓,從而產(chan)生了陳(chen)氏(shi),后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)代以(yi)胡(hu)(hu)(hu)公(gong)謚號為(wei)氏(shi),產(chan)生了胡(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)。
陳(chen)(chen)姓(xing)(xing)在(zai)春秋中期分出(chu)田姓(xing)(xing)。在(zai)陳(chen)(chen)厲公(gong)時,陳(chen)(chen)國發生了(le)爭奪君位的內亂,陳(chen)(chen)厲公(gong)之子陳(chen)(chen)完(wan)逃出(chu)齊國避(bi)難,為避(bi)禍而改為田姓(xing)(xing),陳(chen)(chen)完(wan)是田姓(xing)(xing)的始(shi)祖。陳(chen)(chen)完(wan)在(zai)齊國受到(dao)禮遇,任工(gong)正。
陳(chen)完的后代(dai)(dai)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氏家族在齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)逐(zhu)漸發展(zhan),后掌握齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)政(zheng)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前481年,田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)乞之子(zi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)恒(田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)常子(zi))殺齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)簡公(gong)(gong)(gong)與諸(zhu)多(duo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)族,另立(li)(li)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)平(ping)公(gong)(gong)(gong),進(jin)一步把(ba)持政(zheng)權,又以(yi)“修公(gong)(gong)(gong)行賞(shang)”爭(zheng)取民心。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前391年,田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)成(cheng)子(zi)四世(shi)孫田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)和廢齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)(gong)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前386年,田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)和放逐(zhu)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)(gong)于海(hai)上(shang),自立(li)(li)為國(guo)(guo)(guo)君,同年為周安王冊命(ming)為齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯,并受到(dao)諸(zhu)侯列國(guo)(guo)(guo)的承認,這就是歷史上(shang)著名的“田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)代(dai)(dai)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)姜”。前379年,齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)(gong)死,姜姓齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)絕(jue)祀(si)。田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氏仍以(yi)“齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”作為國(guo)(guo)(guo)號,史稱“田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”。
西漢時期(qi),為了(le)增強關(guan)中的經(jing)濟(ji)實(shi)力,削弱(ruo)各地豪強的殘(can)余勢(shi)力。將齊田氏分(fen)為八部,分(fen)別遷往西安一帶,并要(yao)他們改(gai)姓“第(di)一”“第(di)二”……一直(zhi)到“第(di)八”。
所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)出自田姓(xing),源自漢(han)(han)代(dai)遷(qian)徙(xi)齊國(guo)(guo)公(gong)族(zu)所(suo)(suo)改(gai)。據《姓(xing)氏(shi)考略》載:“齊田氏(shi)后,漢(han)(han)時齊諸田徙(xi)至(zhi)京(jing)兆房陵,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次第(di)(di)為(wei)姓(xing),有第(di)(di)一(yi)至(zhi)第(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)。”又《后漢(han)(han)書·第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)倫傳(chuan)(chuan)》載:“后或改(gai)姓(xing)。”漢(han)(han)高祖劉邦(bang)建立(li)漢(han)(han)朝(chao)后,為(wei)了(le)增強(qiang)關中(zhong)的經濟實力(li),削弱地方(fang)門(men)(men)閥勢力(li),將(jiang)豪族(zu)名(ming)門(men)(men)共十(shi)萬多(duo)人(ren)都(dou)遷(qian)徙(xi)到關中(zhong)房陵(今(jin)陜(shan)西咸陽(yang)一(yi)帶(dai))一(yi)帶(dai)定居。在遷(qian)徙(xi)原齊國(guo)(guo)田姓(xing)貴(gui)族(zu)時,因族(zu)大(da)人(ren)眾,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)門(men)(men)第(di)(di)順序被(bei)分(fen)為(wei)第(di)(di)一(yi)至(zhi)第(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)氏(shi),例如田廣(guang)的弟(di)弟(di)田英為(wei)第(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)氏(shi),其(qi)孫田登為(wei)第(di)(di)二氏(shi),元孫田癸(gui)為(wei)第(di)(di)三氏(shi),第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)氏(shi)就是其(qi)中(zhong)的一(yi)支,也就產(chan)生了(le)第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)姓(xing)氏(shi)。唯有“第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”氏(shi)這一(yi)支后來出了(le)不少(shao)名(ming)人(ren),得以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)較普遍流傳(chuan)(chuan),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)作為(wei)顯姓(xing)收到《續(xu)百(bai)家姓(xing)》中(zhong)。第(di)(di)一(yi)至(zhi)第(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)等姓(xing),后來都(dou)改(gai)為(wei)單姓(xing)“第(di)(di)”及“五(wu)(wu)(wu)”(伍)兩個(ge)姓(xing)氏(shi),現在保留復(fu)姓(xing)的很少(shao)。
隴西(xi)郡(jun):秦置隴西(xi)郡(jun),治狄道(今(jin)甘肅(su)省臨洮南(nan))。曹魏(wei)移治襄武(今(jin)東(dong)鄉以東(dong)及隴西(xi)南(nan)一(yi)帶地區)。隋唐為(wei)渭州隴西(xi)郡(jun)。
東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun):東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)始建于秦始皇五年(庚申,公元前(qian)242年),取(qu)原(yuan)魏國之地(di)置東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun),包括河北大名府(fu)(fu)、山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)昌府(fu)(fu)、及長清縣(xian)(xian)以(yi)西一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)地(di)區。西漢時期因之,治所在濮陽縣(xian)(xian)(今(jin)(jin)河南(nan)(nan)(nan)濮陽),其(qi)時轄地(di)在今(jin)(jin)河南(nan)(nan)(nan)省(sheng)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)仆陽縣(xian)(xian)及山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西部(bu)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)地(di)區。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢初(chu)其(qi)平中嘗(chang)治武陽,臧洪為(wei)太守(shou),又(you)治東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)武陽。西晉朝(chao)時期廢黜,東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)晉朝(chao)復置,在今(jin)(jin)河南(nan)(nan)(nan)滑縣(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)。北魏王朝(chao)徙治至滑臺(tai)(今(jin)(jin)河南(nan)(nan)(nan)滑縣(xian)(xian)),隋朝(chao)初(chu)期廢黜,后曾以(yi)兗(yan)州(zhou)為(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun),此(ci)兗(yan)州(zhou)是由滑州(zhou)(今(jin)(jin)河南(nan)(nan)(nan)滑縣(xian)(xian))改名而成(cheng),并非今(jin)(jin)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)之兗(yan)州(zhou)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)朝(chao)宋(song)國再置東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun),在河南(nan)(nan)(nan)陳(chen)州(zhou)府(fu)(fu)境。
隴西堂:以望立堂。
東郡(jun)堂(tang):以望立(li)堂(tang),亦稱江扈堂(tang)。
廉貞忠厚;正直清高。
——佚名撰第五姓
上聯(lian)典(dian)指東漢(han)長(chang)陵(ling)人第(di)五(wu)(wu)倫(lun),字伯(bo)魚,耿直無私,以清節著稱。建武年間舉孝廉,官會稽太守,章(zhang)帝時任(ren)司空。下聯(lian)典(dian)指第(di)五(wu)(wu)倫(lun)的曾孫第(di)五(wu)(wu)種(zhong)。
清高正直;忠厚廉(lian)貞(zhen)。
——佚名(ming)撰第五姓宗祠通用聯
上聯典(dian)(dian)指東漢·第五種為(wei)官(guan)清正(zheng),名(ming)冠州郡,時人謂:“清高正(zheng)直,以種為(wei)首。”下聯典(dian)(dian)指第五種的曾(ceng)祖(zu)父第五倫為(wei)司(si)空,奉公盡節,所得俸祿僅(jin)給衣(yi)食(shi),余(yu)皆散資(zi)貧民。
維揚邗東第五氏(shi)宗譜,著者待考(kao),民國(guo)年間木(mu)刻活(huo)字(zi)印本兩冊。現被收藏(zang)(zang)在江(jiang)蘇省常州(zhou)市(shi)家(jia)譜收藏(zang)(zang)者朱(zhu)炳國(guo)處。
陜西旬邑第(di)五氏家譜,著者待考(kao),民國年間手寫本。現(xian)被(bei)收藏在陜西省咸陽(yang)市旬邑縣魏洛村第(di)五氏宗祠。
第五(wu)倫:字伯(bo)魚,京兆長陵人也,東(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)大司空(即東(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)宰相(xiang))。其(qi)先(xian)齊諸(zhu)田,諸(zhu)田徙園(yuan)陵者(zhe)多,故以次第為(wei)氏。第五(wu)倫曾(ceng)為(wei)東(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)初年(nian)光(guang)武帝(di)、明帝(di)、章帝(di)三朝元老,為(wei)官清(qing)廉無私,盡忠守節,其(qi)后(hou)輩(bei)有五(wu)人在朝為(wei)官,與東(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)相(xiang)始終(zhong)。
第五頡:字子(zi)陵,第五倫少子(zi);京兆長陵人(ren)(今陜西(xi)咸(xian)陽)。著名東漢大(da)(da)臣。先為(wei)(wei)(wei)郡功曹,州(zhou)從事,公府辟舉(ju)高第,后為(wei)(wei)(wei)侍御(yu)史(shi),南(nan)頓令,桂陽、南(nan)陽、廬江(jiang)三郡太守,諫議大(da)(da)夫。漢順帝之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)太子(zi)廢也(ye),第五頡為(wei)(wei)(wei)太中大(da)(da)夫,與(yu)太仆來歷等共(gong)守闕固爭。漢順帝即位(wei),第五頡擢為(wei)(wei)(wei)將(jiang)作(zuo)大(da)(da)匠,卒官。
第五種:字興(xing)先(xian),歷(li)官高(gao)密侯相、兗州(zhou)刺史。因(yin)彈劾中常侍(shi)單超(chao)及其侄子單匡,屢(lv)受陷(xian)害。當時人說:“清高(gao)正直,以第五種為(wei)第一。”
第五(wu)訪:字仲(zhong)謀,東漢中期京兆長(chang)陵(今陜西省咸陽市東北)人。
第五上:東漢(han)刺(ci)史,為官(guan)冠名州郡,永壽(shou)中以奉使稱職,拜高密侯相(xiang),懲治貪惡,剛直不宥。
第五(wu)元(yuan)先:東漢(han)學者(zhe),通京氏(shi)易、公羊(yang)春秋、三(san)統歷(li)、九章算(suan)術,為鄭(zheng)康(kang)成之師。
第(di)五琦:唐(tang)代同(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)門下平章(zhang)事(即唐(tang)朝宰相(xiang))。曾為扶風郡公,京兆尹,改戶部侍郎,判度支(zhi)等,能言強國(guo)富民術,不益賦而(er)用以饒(rao)。乾元時升任同(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)門下平章(zhang)事,終(zhong)年七十歲,贈太子(zi)少保、子(zi)峰。
第(di)五可范(fan):唐(tang)(tang)昭(zhao)宗的(de)親信宦官,后來權臣朱溫迫使唐(tang)(tang)昭(zhao)宗將第(di)五可范(fan)賜死。
第五均(jun):宋朝人,官(guan)至(zhi)宰(zai)相,生卒不(bu)詳。
中國(guo)復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)第五主要聚居在陜(shan)西省咸陽市(shi)的魏洛村(cun)(cun)和(he)埝(nian)口五村(cun)(cun),這兩個(ge)村(cun)(cun)子除了個(ge)別的雜(za)姓(xing)(xing)外(wai),基本都復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)第五。另(ling)外(wai)在全國(guo)各地的其它地方也(ye)散(san)居著很多復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)第五。臺灣有7家(jia)復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)第五,其祖先在今天的魏洛村(cun)(cun),主要居住在臺北市(shi)內湖區。
中(zhong)國復姓(xing)“第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”聚居最(zui)多的(de)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是在陜西省(sheng)旬(xun)邑(yi)縣太村(cun)鎮赤道(dao)社區魏(wei)洛村(cun),全(quan)村(cun)有(you)4000多人都姓(xing)“第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”。據村(cun)民(min)介紹,第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)姓(xing)為田齊王(wang)族之后。祖上(shang)傳說在漢朝就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)住在這(zhe)里。村(cun)上(shang)建有(you)“第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氏(shi)三朝宰(zai)(zai)相(xiang)祠堂”,即(ji)東漢漢明帝(di)時期(qi)(qi)大司空:第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)倫,唐(tang)朝唐(tang)肅宗(zong)時期(qi)(qi)宰(zai)(zai)相(xiang):第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)琦,宋朝(時期(qi)(qi)不(bu)詳)宰(zai)(zai)相(xiang):第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)均。有(you)“第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氏(shi)宗(zong)族家譜”。2007年1月13日,陜西省(sheng)涇(jing)陽縣埝口五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)村(cun)。中(zhong)國國家地理雜志的(de)攝影師馬宏杰指揮(hui)幾(ji)十位村(cun)民(min)拍(pai)集體照(zhao),因(yin)為這(zhe)些村(cun)民(min)都姓(xing)“第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”。“第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”這(zhe)個(ge)姓(xing)其(qi)實并不(bu)鮮(xian)見,古時候(hou)從“第(di)一”到“第(di)八”都是姓(xing)氏(shi),《百家姓(xing)》中(zhong)的(de)最(zui)后8個(ge)字(zi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是“第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)言福、百家姓(xing)終(zhong)”。第(di)一到第(di)八都曾存在過,不(bu)過現在第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)姓(xing)最(zui)多的(de)了,第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)姓(xing)主要分(fen)布在陜西涇(jing)陽和旬(xun)邑(yi)。
今江蘇省的(de)(de)揚(yang)州市(shi)(shi)(shi),天(tian)津市(shi)(shi)(shi),陜西(xi)(xi)省的(de)(de)咸(xian)陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)涇陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)、旬(xun)邑縣(xian)(xian)、彬縣(xian)(xian)、西(xi)(xi)安市(shi)(shi)(shi)高陵縣(xian)(xian),寧(ning)夏回族(zu)(zu)自治區(qu)的(de)(de)吳忠市(shi)(shi)(shi)、靈武市(shi)(shi)(shi),甘肅省的(de)(de)慶陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)、浙江省的(de)(de)舟山市(shi)(shi)(shi)定海縣(xian)(xian),安徽省的(de)(de)滁州市(shi)(shi)(shi),臺(tai)灣省的(de)(de)臺(tai)北市(shi)(shi)(shi)內湖區(qu)等地(di),均有第五氏族(zu)(zu)人分(fen)布,總人口(kou)在六千以(yi)上(shang)。
其中(zhong):姓第(di)五(有(you)(you)的(de)寫(xie)成第(di)伍)的(de)在甘肅(su)有(you)(you)178人,姓第(di)的(de)有(you)(you)1587人,合計(ji)1765人,主(zhu)要分布在甘肅(su)省(sheng)寧(ning)縣、慶(qing)城(cheng)縣和合水縣,蘭州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)、嘉(jia)峪(yu)關市(shi)(shi)、白銀(yin)市(shi)(shi)也(ye)有(you)(you)分布。甘肅(su)寧(ning)縣的(de)第(di)(第(di)五)家(jia)族,主(zhu)要居住在早勝鎮、良平鎮等地,據考(kao)證(zheng),其祖先是從陜西旬(xun)邑縣赤道鄉(xiang)魏(wei)洛村遷(qian)徙而(er)來。
《姓(xing)氏考(kao)略》:齊田氏后,漢時齊諸田徙至京兆房(fang)陵,以(yi)次(ci)第為姓(xing),有第一至第八。
《后漢書(shu)·第五倫傳》:后或改姓(xing)。