第(di)五姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)漢族(zu)復姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之一,為(wei)田(tian)齊王(wang)族(zu)之后(hou)。秦末(mo)天下紛爭,起先(xian)被秦國所滅的(de)(de)六國,其(qi)王(wang)族(zu)后(hou)裔們(men),爭先(xian)糾(jiu)集人(ren)馬反秦復國;而在漢高祖劉邦建立漢朝后(hou),顧慮到(dao)這些復國失敗的(de)(de)舊(jiu)王(wang)族(zu)勢力,便將他們(men)紛紛遷(qian)(qian)出(chu)原(yuan)籍,另外擇地安置。其(qi)中將田(tian)齊王(wang)族(zu)從(cong)第(di)一到(dao)第(di)八分(fen)為(wei)八支遷(qian)(qian)走,故而后(hou)人(ren)以第(di)次為(wei)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi),第(di)五氏(shi)(shi)就為(wei)這里的(de)(de)一支。如今,第(di)五姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)多分(fen)布于陜西涇陽、旬邑一帶(dai),一些第(di)五姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)現(xian)多演化(hua)為(wei)第(di)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、五姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或伍姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。
第(di)五氏出名的歷史人物有漢代大(da)司空第(di)五倫,唐代宰相(xiang)第(di)五琦等。
復姓第五可以追(zhui)溯到舜(shun)帝,其后(hou)(hou)(hou)有姚(yao)、媯(gui)(gui)、陳、胡(hu)(hu)(hu)、田,皆(jie)為同(tong)根同(tong)源,史稱“媯(gui)(gui)汭(rui)五姓”。后(hou)(hou)(hou)舜(shun)的(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)裔(yi)不斷發展,一直到商朝(chao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)期,舜(shun)的(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)代閼(e)父歸順于(yu)周文王(wang),任陶正(zheng)之官。后(hou)(hou)(hou)周武王(wang)消滅商紂,建立周朝(chao),并(bing)將長(chang)女大(da)姬嫁與(yu)閼(e)父之子(zi)媯(gui)(gui)滿(舜(shun)后(hou)(hou)(hou)33代孫)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)來,武王(wang)追(zhui)封上(shang)古圣王(wang)的(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)裔(yi),媯(gui)(gui)滿氏因此被封為陳侯,位于(yu)陳地,國(guo)都(dou)位于(yu)今(jin)天河南(nan)淮陽(yang)縣(xian)。媯(gui)(gui)滿史稱陳胡(hu)(hu)(hu)公,胡(hu)(hu)(hu)公滿,其后(hou)(hou)(hou)代以國(guo)為姓,從而產生(sheng)了陳氏,后(hou)(hou)(hou)代以胡(hu)(hu)(hu)公謚號為氏,產生(sheng)了胡(hu)(hu)(hu)氏。
陳(chen)(chen)姓在(zai)(zai)春秋中(zhong)期分出田(tian)姓。在(zai)(zai)陳(chen)(chen)厲(li)公時,陳(chen)(chen)國發生了爭(zheng)奪君位的內亂,陳(chen)(chen)厲(li)公之子陳(chen)(chen)完逃出齊(qi)(qi)國避難,為避禍而改(gai)為田(tian)姓,陳(chen)(chen)完是田(tian)姓的始祖。陳(chen)(chen)完在(zai)(zai)齊(qi)(qi)國受(shou)到(dao)禮遇,任工正。
陳完的后代田(tian)(tian)(tian)氏家族在齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)逐漸發展,后掌握齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)國(guo)政。公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)481年,田(tian)(tian)(tian)乞之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)恒(heng)(田(tian)(tian)(tian)常(chang)子(zi)(zi))殺齊(qi)(qi)簡(jian)公(gong)(gong)與(yu)諸(zhu)(zhu)多(duo)公(gong)(gong)族,另立齊(qi)(qi)平公(gong)(gong),進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)把持政權(quan),又(you)以“修公(gong)(gong)行賞”爭取民心。公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)391年,田(tian)(tian)(tian)成(cheng)子(zi)(zi)四世孫田(tian)(tian)(tian)和(he)廢齊(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)。公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)386年,田(tian)(tian)(tian)和(he)放逐齊(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)于海上,自立為國(guo)君,同(tong)年為周(zhou)安王冊命為齊(qi)(qi)侯,并受到(dao)諸(zhu)(zhu)侯列國(guo)的承認(ren),這就是歷史上著(zhu)名的“田(tian)(tian)(tian)代齊(qi)(qi)姜”。前(qian)379年,齊(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)死,姜姓齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)絕(jue)祀(si)。田(tian)(tian)(tian)氏仍以“齊(qi)(qi)”作為國(guo)號,史稱(cheng)“田(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)”。
西(xi)漢時期,為(wei)了增(zeng)強關中的經濟(ji)實力(li),削弱各地豪強的殘余勢力(li)。將齊田氏分為(wei)八部,分別遷往西(xi)安一(yi)帶,并(bing)要(yao)他們改姓“第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)”“第(di)(di)(di)二”……一(yi)直到“第(di)(di)(di)八”。
所以第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)出(chu)自(zi)田(tian)(tian)姓(xing)(xing)(xing),源自(zi)漢代遷徙齊(qi)國公族所改(gai)。據《姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)考略》載:“齊(qi)田(tian)(tian)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou),漢時齊(qi)諸田(tian)(tian)徙至(zhi)(zhi)京兆房陵,以次第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)姓(xing)(xing)(xing),有第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八。”又《后(hou)(hou)漢書·第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)倫傳》載:“后(hou)(hou)或(huo)改(gai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)。”漢高祖(zu)劉邦建(jian)立漢朝后(hou)(hou),為(wei)(wei)了增強關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)經濟實力(li),削弱地方門(men)閥勢力(li),將豪族名門(men)共(gong)十萬多人都遷徙到關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)房陵(今陜西咸(xian)陽一(yi)(yi)帶(dai))一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)定居。在遷徙原(yuan)齊(qi)國田(tian)(tian)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)貴族時,因族大人眾(zhong),以門(men)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)順序被分為(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八氏(shi)(shi)(shi),例如田(tian)(tian)廣的(de)弟弟田(tian)(tian)英為(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八氏(shi)(shi)(shi),其孫田(tian)(tian)登為(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),元孫田(tian)(tian)癸為(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三氏(shi)(shi)(shi),第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)就(jiu)是(shi)其中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)一(yi)(yi)支,也(ye)就(jiu)產生了第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。唯有“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)”氏(shi)(shi)(shi)這一(yi)(yi)支后(hou)(hou)來(lai)出(chu)了不(bu)少名人,得以較普遍流傳,所以作為(wei)(wei)顯(xian)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)收(shou)到《續(xu)百家姓(xing)(xing)(xing)》中(zhong)(zhong)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八等姓(xing)(xing)(xing),后(hou)(hou)來(lai)都改(gai)為(wei)(wei)單姓(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”及(ji)“五(wu)”(伍)兩個(ge)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),現在保留復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)很(hen)少。
隴(long)西郡(jun):秦置隴(long)西郡(jun),治(zhi)狄道(今甘(gan)肅省臨洮南(nan))。曹魏移治(zhi)襄武(wu)(今東(dong)鄉(xiang)以東(dong)及隴(long)西南(nan)一帶地區)。隋唐為渭州隴(long)西郡(jun)。
東(dong)(dong)郡:東(dong)(dong)郡始建于秦始皇五年(nian)(庚申,公元前242年(nian)),取(qu)原魏國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)地置東(dong)(dong)郡,包括河(he)(he)北大名府、山東(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)昌府、及長清縣以西(xi)一(yi)帶地區。西(xi)漢時(shi)期(qi)(qi)因之(zhi),治所在(zai)(zai)濮陽縣(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)濮陽),其時(shi)轄地在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)南(nan)(nan)部仆陽縣及山東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)部一(yi)帶地區。東(dong)(dong)漢初(chu)其平(ping)中嘗(chang)治武(wu)陽,臧洪為太守,又治東(dong)(dong)武(wu)陽。西(xi)晉(jin)朝(chao)(chao)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)廢黜,東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)朝(chao)(chao)復(fu)置,在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)滑(hua)縣東(dong)(dong)部。北魏王朝(chao)(chao)徙治至(zhi)滑(hua)臺(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)滑(hua)縣),隋朝(chao)(chao)初(chu)期(qi)(qi)廢黜,后曾(ceng)以兗(yan)州為東(dong)(dong)郡,此兗(yan)州是由滑(hua)州(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)滑(hua)縣)改名而成(cheng),并非(fei)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)山東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)兗(yan)州。南(nan)(nan)朝(chao)(chao)宋國(guo)(guo)再置東(dong)(dong)郡,在(zai)(zai)河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)陳州府境。
隴西堂:以望立堂。
東郡堂:以望立堂,亦稱江扈堂。
廉貞忠厚;正直清高。
——佚名撰第五姓
上聯典(dian)指東漢(han)長陵人第五(wu)倫(lun),字伯魚(yu),耿直無私,以清(qing)節著稱。建武年間(jian)舉(ju)孝(xiao)廉,官會稽太守,章帝時(shi)任司空。下聯典(dian)指第五(wu)倫(lun)的(de)曾孫(sun)第五(wu)種。
清高正直;忠(zhong)厚廉貞。
——佚名撰第五姓宗祠通用聯(lian)
上(shang)聯典(dian)指東漢·第(di)五種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)官清正(zheng),名冠(guan)州郡,時人(ren)謂(wei):“清高(gao)正(zheng)直,以種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)首。”下聯典(dian)指第(di)五種(zhong)(zhong)的曾祖父第(di)五倫為(wei)司空,奉公盡節,所得俸(feng)祿僅給衣食,余皆散資(zi)貧民(min)。
維揚邗東第五氏宗譜,著者(zhe)待考,民國(guo)年間木刻活字(zi)印本(ben)兩冊。現被收藏在(zai)江(jiang)蘇(su)省常州市家譜收藏者(zhe)朱炳(bing)國(guo)處。
陜(shan)(shan)西旬(xun)邑第(di)五氏家譜(pu),著(zhu)者待考,民國年間手寫本。現被收藏在陜(shan)(shan)西省(sheng)咸陽市旬(xun)邑縣魏洛村(cun)第(di)五氏宗(zong)祠。
第五倫(lun)(lun):字伯(bo)魚,京兆長陵人(ren)也,東漢大司空(即東漢宰相)。其先齊諸(zhu)田(tian),諸(zhu)田(tian)徙園(yuan)陵者多,故以次第為(wei)(wei)氏。第五倫(lun)(lun)曾(ceng)為(wei)(wei)東漢初年光武(wu)帝(di)、明帝(di)、章帝(di)三(san)朝(chao)元老,為(wei)(wei)官清(qing)廉無私,盡忠(zhong)守節,其后輩有五人(ren)在朝(chao)為(wei)(wei)官,與東漢相始終。
第五頡(jie):字子(zi)陵,第五倫少子(zi);京兆長陵人(今陜西咸陽(yang))。著名東漢大(da)臣。先為(wei)郡功曹,州(zhou)從事,公(gong)府辟舉(ju)高第,后為(wei)侍御史,南頓令(ling),桂陽(yang)、南陽(yang)、廬(lu)江三郡太守(shou),諫議大(da)夫。漢順帝之為(wei)太子(zi)廢(fei)也,第五頡(jie)為(wei)太中(zhong)大(da)夫,與(yu)太仆來歷等共守(shou)闕固爭。漢順帝即位,第五頡(jie)擢為(wei)將作大(da)匠(jiang),卒官。
第(di)五(wu)種(zhong):字興先,歷官高密侯相、兗(yan)州刺史。因(yin)彈劾中常侍單超及其(qi)侄子單匡,屢(lv)受陷害(hai)。當時人說:“清高正直,以(yi)第(di)五(wu)種(zhong)為第(di)一(yi)。”
第五訪:字仲謀,東(dong)漢中期京兆(zhao)長(chang)陵(今陜西省咸陽市東(dong)北)人。
第五上:東漢刺史,為(wei)官冠名州郡,永壽中以奉使(shi)稱職,拜高密侯相,懲治(zhi)貪(tan)惡,剛直不宥。
第五元(yuan)先:東漢學者,通京氏易(yi)、公羊春秋、三統(tong)歷、九章算(suan)術,為鄭康成之師(shi)。
第五琦:唐(tang)代同中(zhong)書門(men)下(xia)平章事(shi)(即唐(tang)朝宰相)。曾為扶風郡公,京兆尹,改(gai)戶部(bu)侍(shi)郎,判度(du)支等,能(neng)言強國(guo)富民(min)術,不益(yi)賦而用以(yi)饒。乾元時(shi)升任同中(zhong)書門(men)下(xia)平章事(shi),終年七十歲,贈太子少保、子峰。
第五可范(fan):唐(tang)昭(zhao)(zhao)宗(zong)的(de)親信宦官(guan),后來權臣(chen)朱溫迫使(shi)唐(tang)昭(zhao)(zhao)宗(zong)將第五可范(fan)賜死。
第五均:宋朝(chao)人(ren),官至宰(zai)相(xiang),生卒不詳。
中國復(fu)(fu)姓(xing)第(di)五主要聚(ju)居(ju)在(zai)陜西(xi)省咸陽(yang)市的魏洛(luo)村和埝口五村,這兩個村子除了個別的雜姓(xing)外(wai),基本都復(fu)(fu)姓(xing)第(di)五。另外(wai)在(zai)全(quan)國各地(di)的其(qi)它地(di)方也散居(ju)著很多復(fu)(fu)姓(xing)第(di)五。臺(tai)灣有(you)7家復(fu)(fu)姓(xing)第(di)五,其(qi)祖先在(zai)今天的魏洛(luo)村,主要居(ju)住在(zai)臺(tai)北市內湖區。
中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)復姓(xing)“第(di)五(wu)(wu)”聚居最(zui)(zui)多的就是(shi)在(zai)(zai)陜西省旬邑縣太村(cun)鎮赤道社區魏洛村(cun),全村(cun)有4000多人都姓(xing)“第(di)五(wu)(wu)”。據村(cun)民(min)介紹,第(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)為田齊王族(zu)之后。祖上傳說在(zai)(zai)漢(han)(han)朝(chao)就住在(zai)(zai)這里。村(cun)上建有“第(di)五(wu)(wu)氏三朝(chao)宰相(xiang)祠堂”,即東漢(han)(han)漢(han)(han)明(ming)帝(di)時期(qi)大司(si)空:第(di)五(wu)(wu)倫,唐(tang)朝(chao)唐(tang)肅宗(zong)時期(qi)宰相(xiang):第(di)五(wu)(wu)琦,宋朝(chao)(時期(qi)不詳(xiang))宰相(xiang):第(di)五(wu)(wu)均。有“第(di)五(wu)(wu)氏宗(zong)族(zu)家譜”。2007年1月13日,陜西省涇(jing)陽縣埝(nian)口(kou)五(wu)(wu)村(cun)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)家地理雜志的攝(she)影師馬宏杰指揮幾(ji)十位村(cun)民(min)拍集體照(zhao),因為這些村(cun)民(min)都姓(xing)“第(di)五(wu)(wu)”。“第(di)五(wu)(wu)”這個姓(xing)其實并不鮮(xian)見(jian),古(gu)時候從“第(di)一”到(dao)“第(di)八”都是(shi)姓(xing)氏,《百(bai)家姓(xing)》中(zhong)(zhong)的最(zui)(zui)后8個字(zi)就是(shi)“第(di)五(wu)(wu)言福、百(bai)家姓(xing)終”。第(di)一到(dao)第(di)八都曾存(cun)在(zai)(zai)過,不過現在(zai)(zai)第(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)最(zui)(zui)多的了,第(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)主要分(fen)布在(zai)(zai)陜西涇(jing)陽和旬邑。
今江蘇省的(de)揚州市,天津市,陜西省的(de)咸陽市涇陽縣(xian)(xian)、旬(xun)邑縣(xian)(xian)、彬縣(xian)(xian)、西安市高陵縣(xian)(xian),寧夏回族(zu)自治區的(de)吳忠市、靈武市,甘(gan)肅省的(de)慶陽市寧縣(xian)(xian)、浙江省的(de)舟山市定海縣(xian)(xian),安徽(hui)省的(de)滁州市,臺(tai)灣省的(de)臺(tai)北市內(nei)湖(hu)區等地,均(jun)有第五氏族(zu)人分布,總人口在六千以上。
其中:姓第五(wu)(有(you)(you)的寫成第伍)的在甘肅有(you)(you)178人,姓第的有(you)(you)1587人,合(he)計1765人,主(zhu)要(yao)分布(bu)(bu)在甘肅省(sheng)寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)、慶(qing)城縣(xian)(xian)和合(he)水縣(xian)(xian),蘭州(zhou)市、嘉峪關市、白銀市也有(you)(you)分布(bu)(bu)。甘肅寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)的第(第五(wu))家族(zu),主(zhu)要(yao)居住在早(zao)勝鎮、良平(ping)鎮等地,據考證,其祖先(xian)是從陜(shan)西旬(xun)邑縣(xian)(xian)赤道鄉(xiang)魏洛村遷徙而(er)來。
《姓氏(shi)考略》:齊(qi)田(tian)氏(shi)后,漢時齊(qi)諸田(tian)徙至京兆房陵,以(yi)次第為姓,有第一至第八。
《后漢(han)書·第五倫傳》:后或改姓。