第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)姓(xing)(xing)是漢(han)族復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)之一(yi),為田齊王(wang)(wang)族之后。秦末天下(xia)紛(fen)(fen)爭(zheng),起先被秦國(guo)(guo)(guo)所(suo)滅(mie)的(de)六國(guo)(guo)(guo),其王(wang)(wang)族后裔(yi)們(men),爭(zheng)先糾集人(ren)馬反秦復(fu)國(guo)(guo)(guo);而在漢(han)高(gao)祖(zu)劉(liu)邦建立漢(han)朝(chao)后,顧(gu)慮到這(zhe)些復(fu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)失敗的(de)舊王(wang)(wang)族勢力,便將(jiang)他們(men)紛(fen)(fen)紛(fen)(fen)遷出原籍,另外擇地安置。其中將(jiang)田齊王(wang)(wang)族從第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)到第(di)(di)(di)八(ba)分(fen)為八(ba)支遷走,故而后人(ren)以第(di)(di)(di)次(ci)為姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi),第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)氏(shi)就(jiu)為這(zhe)里的(de)一(yi)支。如今,第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)姓(xing)(xing)多分(fen)布于陜西(xi)涇陽、旬邑一(yi)帶,一(yi)些第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)姓(xing)(xing)現多演化為第(di)(di)(di)姓(xing)(xing)、五(wu)姓(xing)(xing)或(huo)伍(wu)姓(xing)(xing)。
第五(wu)(wu)氏出名的歷(li)史人(ren)物有漢代大司空第五(wu)(wu)倫,唐代宰相第五(wu)(wu)琦(qi)等。
復(fu)姓第五可以(yi)(yi)追(zhui)溯到舜帝,其后(hou)(hou)有姚(yao)、媯、陳(chen)、胡(hu)、田(tian),皆(jie)為同(tong)(tong)根同(tong)(tong)源,史(shi)稱“媯汭五姓”。后(hou)(hou)舜的(de)后(hou)(hou)裔(yi)不斷發展(zhan),一直(zhi)到商(shang)朝后(hou)(hou)期,舜的(de)后(hou)(hou)代(dai)閼父歸(gui)順于(yu)周(zhou)文(wen)王(wang),任陶正(zheng)之官。后(hou)(hou)周(zhou)武王(wang)消滅商(shang)紂,建立(li)周(zhou)朝,并將長女(nv)大(da)姬嫁(jia)與閼父之子媯滿(man)(man)(舜后(hou)(hou)33代(dai)孫(sun))。后(hou)(hou)來,武王(wang)追(zhui)封上古圣王(wang)的(de)后(hou)(hou)裔(yi),媯滿(man)(man)氏因此被封為陳(chen)侯,位于(yu)陳(chen)地(di),國(guo)都位于(yu)今天河南淮陽縣。媯滿(man)(man)史(shi)稱陳(chen)胡(hu)公,胡(hu)公滿(man)(man),其后(hou)(hou)代(dai)以(yi)(yi)國(guo)為姓,從而產生了陳(chen)氏,后(hou)(hou)代(dai)以(yi)(yi)胡(hu)公謚(shi)號(hao)為氏,產生了胡(hu)氏。
陳姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在春秋中期分(fen)出田姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。在陳厲公時,陳國(guo)發生了爭奪君位的內亂(luan),陳厲公之子陳完逃出齊(qi)國(guo)避難,為避禍而改為田姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),陳完是田姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的始祖。陳完在齊(qi)國(guo)受到禮(li)遇,任工正。
陳完(wan)的(de)后代田(tian)氏家族在齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)逐漸發展,后掌(zhang)握齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)國(guo)政。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)481年(nian),田(tian)乞之子田(tian)恒(田(tian)常子)殺齊(qi)(qi)簡公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)與諸(zhu)多公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)族,另立齊(qi)(qi)平公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),進一步把持政權(quan),又以(yi)“修(xiu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)行賞(shang)”爭(zheng)取民心(xin)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)391年(nian),田(tian)成子四世孫田(tian)和(he)廢(fei)齊(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)386年(nian),田(tian)和(he)放逐齊(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)于(yu)海上,自立為(wei)國(guo)君,同年(nian)為(wei)周安王冊(ce)命為(wei)齊(qi)(qi)侯,并(bing)受到諸(zhu)侯列(lie)國(guo)的(de)承認,這就是歷史(shi)上著名(ming)的(de)“田(tian)代齊(qi)(qi)姜”。前(qian)379年(nian),齊(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)死,姜姓齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)絕祀。田(tian)氏仍以(yi)“齊(qi)(qi)”作(zuo)為(wei)國(guo)號,史(shi)稱“田(tian)齊(qi)(qi)”。
西漢時期,為(wei)了(le)增強(qiang)關(guan)中的經濟實力,削弱各地(di)豪強(qiang)的殘(can)余勢力。將齊田氏分為(wei)八部,分別遷(qian)往西安一(yi)帶,并要他們改(gai)姓“第(di)一(yi)”“第(di)二”……一(yi)直到“第(di)八”。
所以(yi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)出自(zi)田(tian)姓(xing),源自(zi)漢(han)(han)代遷(qian)徙(xi)(xi)齊(qi)(qi)國公族所改(gai)。據(ju)《姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)考略(lve)》載:“齊(qi)(qi)田(tian)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou),漢(han)(han)時(shi)齊(qi)(qi)諸田(tian)徙(xi)(xi)至京(jing)兆(zhao)房陵,以(yi)次第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)姓(xing),有(you)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)。”又《后(hou)漢(han)(han)書(shu)·第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)倫傳》載:“后(hou)或改(gai)姓(xing)。”漢(han)(han)高(gao)祖劉邦(bang)建立漢(han)(han)朝(chao)后(hou),為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)增強關中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)經濟實力,削弱(ruo)地(di)方門(men)閥勢力,將豪族名門(men)共十萬多人(ren)(ren)都(dou)遷(qian)徙(xi)(xi)到關中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)房陵(今陜西咸陽一(yi)(yi)帶)一(yi)(yi)帶定居。在遷(qian)徙(xi)(xi)原齊(qi)(qi)國田(tian)姓(xing)貴(gui)族時(shi),因族大(da)人(ren)(ren)眾,以(yi)門(men)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)順序被分為(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),例如田(tian)廣(guang)的(de)弟(di)弟(di)田(tian)英為(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),其孫田(tian)登為(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二氏(shi)(shi)(shi),元孫田(tian)癸為(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三氏(shi)(shi)(shi),第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)就是(shi)其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)一(yi)(yi)支(zhi),也就產生了(le)(le)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。唯(wei)有(you)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)”氏(shi)(shi)(shi)這一(yi)(yi)支(zhi)后(hou)來出了(le)(le)不(bu)少名人(ren)(ren),得(de)以(yi)較普遍(bian)流傳,所以(yi)作為(wei)(wei)顯姓(xing)收到《續百家姓(xing)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)等姓(xing),后(hou)來都(dou)改(gai)為(wei)(wei)單姓(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”及“五(wu)”(伍(wu))兩個姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),現在保留復姓(xing)的(de)很少。
隴西(xi)(xi)(xi)郡(jun):秦置隴西(xi)(xi)(xi)郡(jun),治狄道(今甘肅省臨洮南(nan))。曹魏移(yi)治襄(xiang)武(今東鄉以東及隴西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)一(yi)帶地區)。隋(sui)唐為渭州(zhou)隴西(xi)(xi)(xi)郡(jun)。
東(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun)(jun):東(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)始建于(yu)秦始皇五(wu)年(庚申,公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)242年),取原魏(wei)國之(zhi)地(di)置東(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun)(jun),包括河北(bei)大名府、山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)昌府、及長清縣(xian)以西一帶(dai)(dai)地(di)區(qu)。西漢時期因之(zhi),治(zhi)所在濮(pu)陽(yang)縣(xian)(今(jin)河南(nan)濮(pu)陽(yang)),其時轄地(di)在今(jin)河南(nan)省(sheng)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)仆陽(yang)縣(xian)及山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西部(bu)(bu)一帶(dai)(dai)地(di)區(qu)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)漢初其平(ping)中嘗治(zhi)武陽(yang),臧洪為(wei)太守(shou),又治(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)武陽(yang)。西晉(jin)朝(chao)時期廢(fei)黜,東(dong)(dong)(dong)晉(jin)朝(chao)復(fu)置,在今(jin)河南(nan)滑(hua)縣(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)。北(bei)魏(wei)王朝(chao)徙治(zhi)至滑(hua)臺(今(jin)河南(nan)滑(hua)縣(xian)),隋朝(chao)初期廢(fei)黜,后(hou)曾以兗州(zhou)(zhou)為(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun)(jun),此兗州(zhou)(zhou)是(shi)由滑(hua)州(zhou)(zhou)(今(jin)河南(nan)滑(hua)縣(xian))改(gai)名而成,并非今(jin)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)之(zhi)兗州(zhou)(zhou)。南(nan)朝(chao)宋國再置東(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun)(jun),在河南(nan)陳州(zhou)(zhou)府境。
隴西堂:以望立堂。
東(dong)郡堂:以望立堂,亦稱江扈堂。
廉貞忠厚;正直清高。
——佚名撰第五姓
上聯典(dian)指(zhi)東漢長(chang)陵人第五倫(lun),字(zi)伯魚,耿直無(wu)私(si),以清節(jie)著稱。建(jian)武年間(jian)舉(ju)孝廉,官會稽太守,章帝(di)時任司(si)空。下聯典(dian)指(zhi)第五倫(lun)的曾孫第五種(zhong)。
清高正直;忠厚(hou)廉貞。
——佚名(ming)撰第五姓宗祠通用聯
上聯典(dian)指(zhi)東(dong)漢·第五種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)官(guan)清(qing)正(zheng),名(ming)冠州郡,時人(ren)謂(wei):“清(qing)高(gao)正(zheng)直,以種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)首(shou)。”下聯典(dian)指(zhi)第五種(zhong)(zhong)的曾祖(zu)父第五倫為(wei)(wei)司空,奉公盡節,所得(de)俸祿僅給衣食,余(yu)皆散資貧民(min)。
維揚邗東第五(wu)氏宗(zong)譜(pu),著者待考,民國年(nian)間木(mu)刻活字印本兩冊。現(xian)被收(shou)(shou)藏在江蘇(su)省常州(zhou)市家譜(pu)收(shou)(shou)藏者朱炳國處。
陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)旬(xun)邑第(di)(di)五氏家譜,著者待考,民國(guo)年(nian)間手寫(xie)本(ben)。現被收(shou)藏在(zai)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)省咸陽市旬(xun)邑縣魏(wei)洛(luo)村第(di)(di)五氏宗(zong)祠。
第(di)五(wu)倫:字伯魚,京(jing)兆長陵人也,東(dong)漢大司空(即東(dong)漢宰相)。其先齊諸田(tian),諸田(tian)徙園陵者多,故以(yi)次第(di)為(wei)氏。第(di)五(wu)倫曾為(wei)東(dong)漢初年(nian)光武帝(di)、明帝(di)、章帝(di)三朝元老,為(wei)官(guan)清廉無(wu)私,盡(jin)忠(zhong)守(shou)節,其后輩有(you)五(wu)人在(zai)朝為(wei)官(guan),與東(dong)漢相始終。
第(di)五(wu)頡:字子陵(ling),第(di)五(wu)倫少子;京兆長陵(ling)人(今(jin)陜西咸陽(yang))。著(zhu)名東(dong)漢大臣。先為(wei)郡功曹,州從事,公府辟舉高第(di),后為(wei)侍(shi)御史,南(nan)頓令,桂陽(yang)、南(nan)陽(yang)、廬江三郡太守,諫(jian)議(yi)大夫。漢順帝(di)之為(wei)太子廢(fei)也,第(di)五(wu)頡為(wei)太中大夫,與太仆(pu)來歷等共守闕固爭(zheng)。漢順帝(di)即位,第(di)五(wu)頡擢為(wei)將(jiang)作大匠,卒官。
第五種:字(zi)興先,歷(li)官高(gao)密侯(hou)相、兗州刺史。因彈劾中常侍單超及其侄子單匡,屢受陷害。當時人說:“清(qing)高(gao)正直,以第五種為第一。”
第五訪(fang):字仲謀,東漢中期京(jing)兆長陵(今陜西省咸(xian)陽(yang)市東北)人。
第五(wu)上:東漢(han)刺史,為官冠(guan)名州郡,永壽中以奉(feng)使(shi)稱職(zhi),拜(bai)高(gao)密(mi)侯相,懲治貪(tan)惡,剛(gang)直不(bu)宥。
第五元先:東漢學者,通京氏易、公羊春秋(qiu)、三統歷、九章(zhang)算術(shu),為鄭康成之(zhi)師。
第五(wu)琦(qi):唐代同(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)門下平章事(即唐朝宰相)。曾為扶(fu)風郡公,京兆尹,改戶部侍郎,判度支(zhi)等,能言強國(guo)富民術,不益(yi)賦而用以饒(rao)。乾元時升任同(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)門下平章事,終年七(qi)十歲,贈太(tai)子(zi)少保(bao)、子(zi)峰。
第(di)五(wu)可范:唐(tang)昭宗的親(qin)信宦官,后(hou)來(lai)權臣朱(zhu)溫迫使唐(tang)昭宗將第(di)五(wu)可范賜(si)死(si)。
第五均(jun):宋朝人(ren),官至宰相,生(sheng)卒不詳。
中國復(fu)姓第五(wu)主要聚居在(zai)陜(shan)西(xi)省咸陽市的魏洛(luo)村(cun)和埝口(kou)五(wu)村(cun),這兩個(ge)村(cun)子除了(le)個(ge)別的雜(za)姓外(wai),基本都(dou)復(fu)姓第五(wu)。另外(wai)在(zai)全國各(ge)地(di)的其它地(di)方也散居著很多復(fu)姓第五(wu)。臺(tai)灣有(you)7家(jia)復(fu)姓第五(wu),其祖先在(zai)今天的魏洛(luo)村(cun),主要居住在(zai)臺(tai)北市內湖區。
中國(guo)復姓(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”聚居(ju)最多(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)就(jiu)(jiu)是在(zai)(zai)陜(shan)西省(sheng)旬邑縣太村(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮赤道社(she)區魏洛村(cun)(cun)(cun),全村(cun)(cun)(cun)有4000多(duo)(duo)(duo)人都(dou)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”。據村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)介紹,第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)田齊王(wang)族之(zhi)后(hou)。祖上(shang)傳說(shuo)在(zai)(zai)漢(han)朝(chao)就(jiu)(jiu)住在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)里(li)。村(cun)(cun)(cun)上(shang)建有“第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氏(shi)三朝(chao)宰相祠堂”,即(ji)東(dong)漢(han)漢(han)明帝時(shi)期(qi)大司空:第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)倫,唐朝(chao)唐肅宗時(shi)期(qi)宰相:第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)琦,宋朝(chao)(時(shi)期(qi)不(bu)詳)宰相:第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)均。有“第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氏(shi)宗族家譜(pu)”。2007年1月(yue)13日,陜(shan)西省(sheng)涇陽縣埝口五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)。中國(guo)國(guo)家地理雜志的(de)攝(she)影師馬宏杰指揮幾十位村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)拍集體照(zhao),因為(wei)這(zhe)些村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)都(dou)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”。“第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”這(zhe)個姓(xing)(xing)(xing)其實并不(bu)鮮見,古時(shi)候(hou)從(cong)“第(di)(di)一”到“第(di)(di)八”都(dou)是姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi),《百家姓(xing)(xing)(xing)》中的(de)最后(hou)8個字(zi)就(jiu)(jiu)是“第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)言福、百家姓(xing)(xing)(xing)終”。第(di)(di)一到第(di)(di)八都(dou)曾存在(zai)(zai)過(guo),不(bu)過(guo)現(xian)在(zai)(zai)第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)最多(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)了,第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)主要分(fen)布(bu)在(zai)(zai)陜(shan)西涇陽和旬邑。
今(jin)江(jiang)(jiang)蘇省(sheng)的(de)揚州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),天津市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),陜西(xi)省(sheng)的(de)咸陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)涇陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)、旬邑(yi)縣(xian)(xian)、彬縣(xian)(xian)、西(xi)安(an)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高陵縣(xian)(xian),寧(ning)夏回族自(zi)治區(qu)(qu)的(de)吳(wu)忠市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、靈武(wu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),甘肅(su)省(sheng)的(de)慶陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)、浙江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)的(de)舟山市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定海縣(xian)(xian),安(an)徽省(sheng)的(de)滁州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),臺(tai)灣省(sheng)的(de)臺(tai)北(bei)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內湖(hu)區(qu)(qu)等地,均有第(di)五氏族人分(fen)布(bu),總人口在(zai)六千以上。
其中:姓(xing)第五(wu)(有(you)的(de)(de)寫成第伍)的(de)(de)在甘肅有(you)178人,姓(xing)第的(de)(de)有(you)1587人,合(he)計1765人,主(zhu)要分(fen)布(bu)在甘肅省寧(ning)縣(xian)、慶(qing)城縣(xian)和(he)合(he)水縣(xian),蘭州市、嘉峪關(guan)市、白銀市也(ye)有(you)分(fen)布(bu)。甘肅寧(ning)縣(xian)的(de)(de)第(第五(wu))家族,主(zhu)要居住在早(zao)勝(sheng)鎮、良平鎮等地,據考證,其祖先是從(cong)陜西旬邑縣(xian)赤道鄉魏洛村遷徙而(er)來。
《姓氏考(kao)略》:齊田氏后(hou),漢時齊諸田徙至(zhi)京兆房陵,以(yi)次第為姓,有第一至(zhi)第八(ba)。
《后(hou)漢書·第(di)五倫(lun)傳》:后(hou)或改姓(xing)。