公孫姓(xing):漢族復姓(xing)之一(yi)。據(ju)傳,源(yuan)于5000多年前的華夏時(shi)代,是中國(guo)最古老的姓(xing)氏之一(yi)。在《百家姓(xing)》中排(pai)名(ming)第428位。在2007年全國(guo)姓(xing)氏人口排(pai)名(ming)第300位以外。
春秋(qiu)時期,各國(guo)諸侯不論爵位(wei)大小,多喜歡稱公。按照(zhao)周(zhou)朝制度,國(guo)君一般由嫡(di)長子(zi)繼位(wei),即位(wei)前稱為太子(zi),其他的兒子(zi)便(bian)稱為公子(zi),公子(zi)的兒子(zi)則(ze)稱公孫(sun)。他們的后代便(bian)有不少人便(bian)以公孫(sun)為姓。
《通志(zhi)》載(zai):"公孫(sun)(sun)氏,春(chun)秋時諸侯之孫(sun)(sun),亦以為氏者,曰公孫(sun)(sun)氏,皆貴族之稱。或(huo)跟黃帝姓公孫(sun)(sun),因以為氏。”
公孫(Gōng sūn)姓,源出有(you)二(er):
源于(yu)身份(fen),出自兩周(zhou)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)各(ge)諸侯國王族的(de)后裔,屬于(yu)以(yi)貴胄身份(fen)稱謂為氏。春秋(qiu)時(shi)(shi)期(qi),各(ge)國諸侯不論爵位大小,多有(you)被稱為“公(gong)(gong)”者。按周(zhou)王朝的(de)典禮(li)制度,國君一(yi)般(ban)由嫡長子繼位,即位前稱為太子,其(qi)他(ta)的(de)兒子便(bian)(bian)稱為公(gong)(gong)子,公(gong)(gong)子的(de)兒子則稱公(gong)(gong)孫。在這些(xie)公(gong)(gong)孫的(de)后裔子孫中,有(you)許(xu)多人(ren)便(bian)(bian)以(yi)身份(fen)稱謂“公(gong)(gong)孫”為姓(xing)氏者,稱公(gong)(gong)孫氏,因此,公(gong)(gong)孫并非(fei)一(yi)族一(yi)姓(xing)的(de)后人(ren)。
出自姬姓(xing),黃帝姬軒(xuan)(xuan)轅的(de)(de)(de)(de)后裔有公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)氏。最初出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)氏是(shi)在(zai)(zai)上(shang)古時(shi)(shi)(shi)期。據《路史(shi)》載(zai):“神農同母弟勖,嗣(si)少典國君,世為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)諸侯,后以公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)姓(xing)。軒(xuan)(xuan)轅帝初名公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun),后改姬。”所有他的(de)(de)(de)(de)后代(dai)里,有部分姓(xing)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun),稱(cheng)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)氏。在(zai)(zai)春秋時(shi)(shi)(shi),各國各地的(de)(de)(de)(de)諸侯,大多喜歡(huan)被稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“公(gong)(gong)”。以當時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)度,國君將由國君的(de)(de)(de)(de)嫡系長子(zi)繼承。正式登基前,應先立為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太子(zi),此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)其他的(de)(de)(de)(de)兒子(zi)將稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)子(zi),同時(shi)(shi)(shi)諸侯的(de)(de)(de)(de)兒子(zi)也是(shi)公(gong)(gong)子(zi),而公(gong)(gong)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兒子(zi)就是(shi)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)。這些公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后代(dai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)突出祖出祖先曾有過的(de)(de)(de)(de)皇室血統,就改姓(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)。這樣,公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一種(zhong)姓(xing)氏的(de)(de)(de)(de)榮譽(yu)而流傳(chuan)甚廣。此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)姓(xing)氏來源就五花(hua)八門,不一而足了。故公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)氏的(de)(de)(de)(de)始祖是(shi)黃帝軒(xuan)(xuan)轅。
這在史(shi)籍(ji)《廣(guang)韻(yun)》中有記載:“古封(feng)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)后(hou),皆(jie)自稱(cheng)公(gong)(gong)孫,故(gu)其姓多(duo),非一族(zu)也。”又據史(shi)籍(ji)《通志(zhi)》記載:“公(gong)(gong)孫氏(shi),春(chun)秋時諸侯之(zhi)孫,亦以(yi)為氏(shi)者,曰公(gong)(gong)孫氏(shi),皆(jie)貴(gui)族(zu)之(zhi)稱(cheng)。或(huo)眼(yan)黃帝姓公(gong)(gong)孫,因以(yi)為氏(shi)。”
存(cun)疑:黃帝姬姓,不可能姓公孫
黃(huang)帝姓公孫(sun)的(de)說法主要來源(yuan)于《史記·五(wu)帝本紀(ji)》,而早于《史記》的(de)《國語(yu)(yu)·晉語(yu)(yu)》卻記載:“黃(huang)帝以(yi)姬(ji)水(shui)(今陜甘(gan)的(de)渭、湟之間(jian))成,炎帝以(yi)姜水(shui)(經岐山(shan)、扶風、武功(gong)入渭之岐水(shui))成,故(gu)黃(huang)帝為(wei)姬(ji),炎帝為(wei)姜。“
《史(shi)記(ji)》記(ji)載:“黃帝二(er)十五子,其得姓者十四人。”
《國語·晉語》謂十(shi)四人實有十(shi)二姓(xing)(xing),即姬、酉、祁、己、滕(teng)、葴、任、荀、僖、姞、儇、衣。其中(zhong)青陽與夷鼓同為己姓(xing)(xing),玄囂與蒼林同為姬姓(xing)(xing)。十(shi)四個兒(er)子中(zhong)并(bing)無(wu)姓(xing)(xing)公孫者(zhe)。兒(er)子中(zhong)沒有姓(xing)(xing)公孫的(de),那么孫子中(zhong)會有么?
清崔述《補上古考信錄》指(zhi)出:“公孫(sun)是公之孫(sun),上古時無此(公孫(sun))稱。”
黃帝(di)是少典(dian)的兒子,姓(xing)(xing)公(gong)孫(sun),名軒轅。傳(chuan)說是神農(nong)的同父異母弟:“嗣少典(dian)國君(jun),世為(wei)諸侯”,在(zai)他的后(hou)(hou)代中(zhong),就(jiu)有人以(yi)公(gong)孫(sun)為(wei)姓(xing)(xing)。黃帝(di)軒轅氏曾姓(xing)(xing)過“公(gong)孫(sun)”,后(hou)(hou)來改(gai)成姬姓(xing)(xing),所(suo)有他的后(hou)(hou)代里,有部分(fen)姓(xing)(xing)公(gong)孫(sun),另有部分(fen)姓(xing)(xing)姬,再有少數以(yi)軒轅為(wei)姓(xing)(xing)。
漢魏時(shi)期遼東公孫氏世家:
第一代:公孫延
第二代:公孫度
第(di)三代:公(gong)孫康、公(gong)孫恭(gong)
第(di)四代:公(gong)孫(sun)晃、公(gong)孫(sun)淵
第五代:公孫修
公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏(shi)是(shi)一(yi)個古老的(de)(de)(de)(de)漢族(zu)(zu)姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi),但(dan)人口(kou)總數在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)大陸(lu)和(he)臺灣省(sheng)均未列入(ru)百家(jia)姓(xing)(xing)前三(san)百位,在宋版《百家(jia)姓(xing)(xing)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)排(pai)序為第四百二十(shi)九位門閥。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)一(yi)姓(xing)(xing)源(yuan)遠流長,據《路史》上記載(zai),軒(xuan)轅氏(shi)初姓(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun),后(hou)改姓(xing)(xing)姬。由此看來,“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)”一(yi)詞,自(zi)古以來本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義(yi)便十(shi)分(fen)尊榮也就不足為奇了。從《廣韻(yun)》上記載(zai):“封公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),自(zi)皆稱(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)。”可(ke)知,春(chun)秋時期列國諸(zhu)侯的(de)(de)(de)(de)子(zi)孫(sun)(sun),被尊稱(cheng)為公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)。從《通志·氏(shi)族(zu)(zu)略》記載(zai)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏(shi),皆貴者之(zhi)(zhi)稱(cheng)。”可(ke)見,后(hou)來“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義(yi)延(yan)伸(shen)了,一(yi)般人也尊稱(cheng)貴胄(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)子(zi)弟為公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)。如如今的(de)(de)(de)(de)對人的(de)(de)(de)(de)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)”稱(cheng)謂。據說春(chun)秋時代出身于諸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun),干脆以“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)”為姓(xing)(xing),也稱(cheng)為公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏(shi)了。由此可(ke)見,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)為姓(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國人中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),并不完全是(shi)一(yi)脈相(xiang)承自(zi)黃帝,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)一(yi)部分(fen)是(shi)春(chun)秋貴族(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)裔。
公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)姓(xing)在大(da)陸和(he)臺灣百(bai)家姓(xing)中名列一百(bai)位之后(hou)。在古代,孫(sun)(sun)(sun)字可泛指后(hou)代人,而公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)兩(liang)字,也可用來(lai)泛指王(wang)公(gong)貴(gui)族(zu)的(de)后(hou)代。有些王(wang)公(gong)貴(gui)族(zu)的(de)后(hou)代以(yi)公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)的(de)稱(cheng)呼為(wei)(wei)榮(rong),便相延(yan)世代成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)姓(xing)。古書《通志》說,相傳遠古時黃帝姓(xing)公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun),于(yu)是便有這一姓(xing)的(de)廣泛流傳。
公孫(sun)氏望族(zu)居高陽(yang)郡(今(jin)山(shan)東臨淄)、扶風郡(今(jin)陜西咸陽(yang))。今(jin)山(shan)東、云南兩省還有公孫(sun)氏族(zu)人分布。
扶風(feng)郡(jun):周朝(chao)(chao)(chao)時期(qi)(qi)置(zhi)郡(jun),其時轄(xia)(xia)(xia)地(di)在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)興(xing)(xing)平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、咸(xian)陽市一帶(dai)地(di)區(qu)。漢朝(chao)(chao)(chao)武帝太初元(yuan)年(丁丑(chou),公(gong)元(yuan)前104年)置(zhi)右扶風(feng),與京兆、左(zuo)馮翊合為三輔,治(zhi)所在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)興(xing)(xing)平(ping)市,其時轄(xia)(xia)(xia)地(di)在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)長安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)以西(xi)、鳳(feng)翔縣(xian)(xian)(xian)一帶(dai)。三國時期(qi)(qi)曹魏國改名為扶風(feng)郡(jun),治(zhi)所在(zai)(zai)隗里(今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)興(xing)(xing)平(ping)),其時轄(xia)(xia)(xia)地(di)在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)麟游縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、干縣(xian)(xian)(xian)以西(xi),秦(qin)嶺以北、山東(dong)省(sheng)平(ping)原縣(xian)(xian)(xian)以南一帶(dai)地(di)區(qu)。五代時期(qi)(qi)后(hou)漢將(jiang)其轄(xia)(xia)(xia)地(di)定在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)咸(xian)陽市一帶(dai)地(di)區(qu)。西(xi)晉朝(chao)(chao)(chao)時期(qi)(qi)移治(zhi)到(dao)池(chi)陽(今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)涇陽),南北朝(chao)(chao)(chao)時期(qi)(qi)的(de)北魏移治(zhi)所到(dao)好疇(今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)乾縣(xian)(xian)(xian))。隋、唐兩(liang)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)以今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)岐州一帶(dai)為扶風(feng)郡(jun)。
高(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)郡:歷史(shi)上(shang)的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)郡有三:①戰國時(shi)(shi)期(qi)為高(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)邑,亦稱高(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)鄉,在(zai)(zai)(zai)今河(he)南(nan)杞(qi)縣(xian)西北(bei)部,秦(qin)朝末期(qi)酈食其(qi)自稱“高(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)酒徒”,其(qi)“高(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)”即指該地區。②東漢(han)桓帝時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(公元147~167年(nian))又(you)置(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)郡,治所在(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(今河(he)北(bei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)),其(qi)時(shi)(shi)轄地在(zai)(zai)(zai)今河(he)北(bei)省高(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)一(yi)帶(dai)。晉朝泰始初(chu)期(qi)(乙酉,公元265年(nian))置(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)國,治所在(zai)(zai)(zai)博陸(今河(he)北(bei)蠡縣(xian)),時(shi)(shi)轄四縣(xian),轄境(jing)包括今保定、清苑(yuan)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)、博野、蠡縣(xian)等(deng)縣(xian)地。③北(bei)魏(wei)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)另置(zhi)(zhi)青州高(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)郡,轄地在(zai)(zai)(zai)今山東省淄(zi)博市臨淄(zi)區西北(bei)部一(yi)帶(dai),隋(sui)朝開皇初(chu)年(nian)(辛丑,公元581年(nian))被廢(fei)黜。公孫(sun)氏望族(zu)的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)郡,是(shi)指③之(zhi)所處。
扶風堂:以望立(li)堂。
高(gao)陽堂(tang):以(yi)望立(li)堂(tang)。
白馬堂:東(dong)漢末期公(gong)孫瓚被封(feng)為(wei)討(tao)虜(lu)將軍,屢(lv)次打敗(bai)胡(hu)虜(lu),除遼東(dong)屬國長史。常乘白馬,烏桓怕(pa)他,互相(xiang)告語:“我(wo)們要避開白馬長史。”
忠(zhong)義堂(tang):春(chun)秋時公孫(sun)杵臼(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)和程嬰(ying)都(dou)是趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)朔的(de)(de)門(men)客。趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)朔為屠(tu)(tu)岸賈(jia)所(suo)殺(sha),朔妻(qi)遺腹生一(yi)子。杵臼(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)和程嬰(ying)設計保存(cun)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)氏(shi)孤兒(er)(er):杵臼(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)把自己(ji)的(de)(de)兒(er)(er)子藏在(zai)山中,派(pai)程嬰(ying)向屠(tu)(tu)岸賈(jia)回報說是趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)氏(shi)孤兒(er)(er)。屠(tu)(tu)岸賈(jia)就把公孫(sun)杵臼(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)兒(er)(er)子當成(cheng)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)氏(shi)孤兒(er)(er)和公孫(sun)杵臼(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)一(yi)起殺(sha)了。程嬰(ying)保護著趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)氏(shi)孤兒(er)(er)長大(da)成(cheng)人,終于報了趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)朔被殺(sha)之仇。人稱公孫(sun)杵臼(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)舍掉(diao)自己(ji)的(de)(de)兒(er)(er)子和自己(ji)的(de)(de)命(ming)存(cun)主人之孤,既忠(zhong)且義。
人稱書庫,力卻弓旌
上聯(lian)典(dian)(dian)指隋朝(chao)時期(qi)的阜城人(ren)(ren)公孫景茂,字元(yuan)蔚,博(bo)覽經(jing)史,在(zai)西魏時任太(tai)常(chang)博(bo)士(shi),對(dui)經(jing)史的錯誤多有改動,當時人(ren)(ren)稱為“書庫”。隋開(kai)皇初年官(guan)汝南(nan)太(tai)守,后(hou)歷任息州(zhou)刺史、道(dao)州(zhou)刺史、淄州(zhou)刺史,所到之(zhi)處,常(chang)用自己的薪(xin)俸幫(bang)助病人(ren)(ren)、窮人(ren)(ren)。下聯(lian)典(dian)(dian)指晉朝(chao)時期(qi)的上谷(gu)人(ren)(ren)公孫鳳,字上鸞,隱居在(zai)昌黎的九城山(shan)谷(gu),冬穿(chuan)單衣,夏(xia)吃餿食(shi),彈琴吟(yin)詠,悠然自得。朝(chao)廷屢次征召,不為所動。“弓(gong)旌”,為古代征聘士(shi)大夫之(zhi)禮。
趙家義士,孟氏門人
上聯(lian)典(dian)指春秋時(shi)期的(de)晉國公(gong)孫杵臼。下聯(lian)典(dian)指春秋戰國時(shi)期的(de)齊國公(gong)孫丑(chou)。
脫粟稱平津儉,舞劍示懷素書
上聯(lian)典(dian)(dian)指(zhi)漢朝(chao)時(shi)期的薛人公孫弘,字季(ji),小時(shi)候家里貧窮(qiong),四十多(duo)歲始(shi)學《春秋·雜說》,漢武帝兩次征召為博士,后任丞(cheng)相,封平津侯,生活儉樸,經常(chang)吃糙米,人們都佩服他的勤儉。下聯(lian)典(dian)(dian)指(zhi)唐朝(chao)時(shi)期的教坊舞(wu)(wu)(wu)伎(ji)公孫大娘(niang),善舞(wu)(wu)(wu)劍器(qi),名冠一(yi)時(shi)。杜甫曾有(you)(you)《觀(guan)公孫大娘(niang)弟子舞(wu)(wu)(wu)劍器(qi)行》詩。書法家懷(huai)素曾見她舞(wu)(wu)(wu)西河劍器(qi),遂凈其(qi)(qi)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)姿化用于書法,從此其(qi)(qi)草書大有(you)(you)長(chang)進,以狂草著(zhu)名。
脫粟稱平(ping)津(jin)之儉,舞劍示懷素之書(shu)
上聯典指漢(han)朝時(shi)(shi)期的薛人(ren)公孫(sun)弘。下聯典指唐朝時(shi)(shi)期的教坊舞伎公孫(sun)大娘(niang)。
孟門(men)受精微之學,行人擅修飾之能
上聯典指戰(zhan)國(guo)時(shi)期(qi)的(de)齊國(guo)人(ren)公孫(sun)丑,孟(meng)子弟子,非常傾慕(mu)春秋時(shi)齊國(guo)大夫(fu)管仲(zhong)、晏嬰,曾(ceng)向孟(meng)子請教他們建功立業的(de)精細隱微的(de)問(wen)題。下聯典指春秋時(shi)期(qi)的(de)鄭國(guo)大夫(fu)公孫(sun)揮,字子羽,鄭簡公時(shi)任(ren)行人(ren)(掌管朝覲聘問(wen)的(de)官)。《論語·憲問(wen)》中曾(ceng)說(shuo):“鄭國(guo)外(wai)交辭令的(de)創(chuang)制(zhi),裨湛起草,世叔討論,行人(ren)子羽修飾,東里子產潤色。”
孟氏(shi)及門,受精(jing)微之(zhi)學;行人(ren)子羽,擅修飾(shi)之(zhi)能
上聯(lian)典(dian)指(zhi)戰國(guo)時期的(de)(de)公孫(sun)(sun)丑,孟子(zi)(zi)(zi)弟子(zi)(zi)(zi),曾向孟子(zi)(zi)(zi)問何謂“不動(dong)心”和(he)“浩然之氣”。又請問管(guan)仲和(he)晏嬰的(de)(de)功(gong)業(ye)。下(xia)聯(lian)典(dian)指(zhi)春秋(qiu)時期的(de)(de)公孫(sun)(sun)揮,字子(zi)(zi)(zi)羽。熟(shu)諳(an)諸(zhu)侯(hou)政令,且嫻于辭令。仕行(xing)人。《論語》:“行(xing)人子(zi)(zi)(zi)羽修飾之。”《左(zuo)傳》論述:“鄭國(guo)將有(you)諸(zhu)侯(hou)(外交)之事(shi),子(zi)(zi)(zi)產乃問四國(guo)之事(shi)于子(zi)(zi)(zi)羽。”
黃(huang)帝(di)(di):姓公孫(一說(shuo)為(wei)姬姓),名(ming)軒(xuan)轅,號軒(xuan)轅氏、有(you)熊氏和(he)歸藏氏,被尊奉為(wei)“中華始祖”。據《史記·五帝(di)(di)本(ben)記》記載:“黃(huang)帝(di)(di)者,少(shao)典之子,姓公孫,名(ming)軒(xuan)轅。……黃(huang)帝(di)(di)居(ju)軒(xuan)轅之丘”。華夏族(zu)的締造者,五帝(di)(di)之首,有(you)些說(shuo)法被列(lie)為(wei)三皇之一,是公認的中華民族(zu)的祖先(xian)。
公(gong)孫僑:復(fu)姓(xing)公(gong)孫,名僑,字子(zi)產,又字子(zi)美,鄭稱(cheng)公(gong)孫。春(chun)秋時期鄭國的(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)家和思想家。子(zi)產具有人(ren)(ren)(ren)本主義的(de)思想,強調人(ren)(ren)(ren)事(shi),但(dan)也不(bu)否認(ren)鬼(gui)神。提出“天道遠,人(ren)(ren)(ren)道邇(er),非所及也”。在子(zi)產看(kan)來(lai),人(ren)(ren)(ren)道先于天道,天道可(ke)以存(cun)而不(bu)論,人(ren)(ren)(ren)道則不(bu)能不(bu)察。被(bei)清朝的(de)王源(yuan)推(tui)許(xu)為“春(chun)秋第一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”。
公孫鞅(yang)(yang),衛國(guo)國(guo)君(jun)的(de)后裔,姬姓、公孫氏,故稱衛鞅(yang)(yang),又稱公孫鞅(yang)(yang),后封于商(shang),后人稱之(zhi)商(shang)鞅(yang)(yang)。在秦(qin)國(guo)執政十九年(nian),秦(qin)國(guo)大治,史稱商(shang)鞅(yang)(yang)變(bian)法。戰國(guo)時期(qi)政治家,著名(ming)法家代(dai)表人物。
公孫龍(前320年(nian)-前250年(nian)):傳說字子(zi)秉,中國戰國時(shi)期趙國人(ren),曾經做過(guo)平(ping)原君(jun)的(de)(de)門客,名家的(de)(de)代表(biao)人(ren)物,其主(zhu)要著作為《公孫龍子(zi)》,西漢時(shi)共有14篇(pian),唐代時(shi)分為三(san)卷(juan),北宋(song)時(shi)遺失了8篇(pian),到如今只殘留6篇(pian),共一卷(juan)。其中最重要的(de)(de)兩篇(pian)是(shi)《白馬(ma)(ma)(ma)論》和《堅白論》,提出(chu)了“白馬(ma)(ma)(ma)非馬(ma)(ma)(ma)”和“離堅白”等論點(dian),是(shi)“離堅白”學(xue)派的(de)(de)主(zhu)要代表(biao)。是(shi)著名的(de)(de)詭辯學(xue)代表(biao)著作,提出(chu)了邏輯學(xue)中的(de)(de)“個別”和“一般”之間的(de)(de)相互關(guan)系(xi),但把它們之間的(de)(de)區別夸大,割斷二(er)者的(de)(de)聯系(xi),是(shi)一種形而上學(xue)的(de)(de)思想體系(xi)。
公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)述(shu)(shu):西漢(han)(han)(han)末年(nian),天下紛擾,群雄(xiong)競起,公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)述(shu)(shu)遂自稱輔漢(han)(han)(han)將軍兼領益州牧(mu)。建武元(yuan)年(nian)(25年(nian)),公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)述(shu)(shu)稱帝(di)于(yu)蜀,國號(hao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)家(一作大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)或成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)),年(nian)號(hao)龍(long)興。建武十一年(nian)(35年(nian)),漢(han)(han)(han)廷乃派兵征討(tao),被公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)述(shu)(shu)所(suo)拒(ju)。次年(nian),復命大(da)司(si)馬吳漢(han)(han)(han)舉兵來(lai)伐,攻(gong)破成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都,縱兵大(da)掠,盡誅公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi),“成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)家”為東漢(han)(han)(han)所(suo)亡。計(ji)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)述(shu)(shu)割據益州稱帝(di),共在位十二年(nian)。
公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)度(du)(150-204年(nian)):字升(sheng)濟,遼東(dong)(dong)襄平(遼陽)人。有二子(zi),公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)康,康弟公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)恭,康子(zi)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)晃、公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)淵(yuan)。少(shao)隨父遷居(ju)(ju)玄菟(tu)郡。初(chu)為(wei)玄菟(tu)小吏,繼(ji)升(sheng)尚書郎(lang)、冀州(zhou)刺史,后被免官。東(dong)(dong)漢中(zhong)平六年(nian)(189年(nian)),經(jing)同鄉(xiang)徐(xu)榮推(tui)薦(jian),被董(dong)卓(zhuo)任(ren)命(ming)為(wei)遼東(dong)(dong)太(tai)守。公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)度(du)到(dao)任(ren)后,厲行(xing)嚴刑(xing)峻法,打擊豪強(qiang)勢力,使令行(xing)政通,羽翼(yi)漸豐。漢獻帝初(chu)平元年(nian)(190年(nian)),中(zhong)原地(di)區(qu)董(dong)卓(zhuo)亂起(qi),各(ge)地(di)軍(jun)閥無暇東(dong)(dong)顧(gu)。公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)度(du)趁機自(zi)(zi)立為(wei)遼東(dong)(dong)侯、平州(zhou)牧。繼(ji)則東(dong)(dong)伐高(gao)句(ju)麗,西擊烏桓,向南取遼東(dong)(dong)半島,開疆擴(kuo)土(tu);又招賢納士,設館開學,廣招流(liu)民,威行(xing)海外,儼然以遼東(dong)(dong)王自(zi)(zi)居(ju)(ju)。由于(yu)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)度(du)的銳意進取和(he)苦心經(jing)營,使遼東(dong)(dong)地(di)區(qu)在漢末(mo)三(san)國(guo)的戰亂年(nian)代,獲得了暫時的安寧,推(tui)動了當地(di)生產(chan)技術(shu)和(he)封(feng)建文化(hua)的發展。
公(gong)孫淵:字文懿(yi)(yi)。魏大司馬(ma),封樂浪公(gong)。公(gong)孫度之(zhi)孫。后自稱燕王。為司馬(ma)懿(yi)(yi)所破。
公孫(sun)(sun)瓚(?-199):字伯(bo)珪,漢(han)族,遼(liao)西令(ling)支(今河(he)北遷安)人(ren)。東(dong)漢(han)末年獻帝(di)年間占(zhan)據幽州一帶的軍閥,漢(han)末群(qun)雄(xiong)之一。后為(wei)(wei)袁紹所(suo)破(po)。其子(zi)公孫(sun)(sun)續,被公孫(sun)(sun)瓚派往黑山求張燕(yan)來救已遲。后為(wei)(wei)屠(tu)各(休屠(tu)各的省稱,也稱休屠(tu))所(suo)殺(sha)。