宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(yǔ wén)為復姓(xing),炎帝神(shen)農氏后(hou)裔(yi)。主(zhu)要來(lai)源中國(guo)遼東(dong)(dong),為南(nan)單于之后(hou)。魏晉時(shi),北方鮮卑族宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)氏部落,自稱(cheng)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)姓(xing)。東(dong)(dong)晉時(shi),宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)氏進駐(zhu)中原,稱(cheng)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)國(guo),以宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)為姓(xing),稱(cheng)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)氏。
宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)姓早期(qi)(qi)活(huo)動(dong)在(zai)西北(bei)地(di)區,南(nan)北(bei)朝時期(qi)(qi)逐步南(nan)下內遷。唐代時,他們入地(di)為(wei)籍,遍及中原各地(di)。宋(song)后宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)氏已(yi)不常(chang)見。如今(jin)在(zai)河北(bei)、陜西、山(shan)西、北(bei)京、浙(zhe)江(jiang)、四川、臺灣等地(di)有(you)少量(liang)分布。宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)姓人口(kou)排名第(di)551位,人口(kou)約2.1萬人。
來(lai)自匈(xiong)奴族,出自魏、晉(jin)時(shi)期遼東匈(xiong)奴南(nan)單(dan)于之后(hou),屬于漢化改(gai)姓為氏。
魏、晉兩(liang)朝(chao)時(shi)期(qi),北方鮮卑民族(zu)中有(you)一(yi)(yi)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)氏部落,原來是漢朝(chao)時(shi)期(qi)南匈奴的(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)分支,在東漢晚期(qi)至三國初期(qi)形成一(yi)(yi)個(ge)部落群體(ti),族(zu)人自(zi)(zi)稱(cheng)是炎(yan)帝神(shen)農氏的(de)后裔(yi)。歷(li)史上記載宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)部最早(zao)起源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)是史籍《周書》,其中稱(cheng)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)部源(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)(zi)神(shen)農氏,因此應當來源(yuan)(yuan)姜姓。
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史學界一(yi)般(ban)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是公(gong)元(yuan)1世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀(ji)時(shi)(shi)北(bei)匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)被東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)擊走西(xi)遷后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),留在故地(di)漠北(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)眾東(dong)(dong)遷與鮮(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)族(zu)(zu)人混(hun)居以后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)被同化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)族(zu)(zu)群,在這段(duan)期間(jian)該部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)曾(ceng)參加鮮(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)首領(ling)(ling)檀石(shi)槐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)聯(lian)盟(meng),首領(ling)(ling)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鮮(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)人。因(yin)此,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是源自(zi)匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)而后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)揉合了(le)鮮(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)血統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)族(zu)(zu)。據史籍(ji)《后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)書》記(ji)(ji)(ji)載,東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)和(he)帝(di)(di)年間(jian),當(dang)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)將軍(jun)竇憲派右校尉耿夔(kui)擊破北(bei)匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu),“鮮(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)因(yin)此轉徙據其(qi)(qi)地(di)。匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)余(yu)種留者尚有十(shi)(shi)余(yu)萬落(luo),皆自(zi)號鮮(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)。”在史籍(ji)《魏書》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是“匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)種,出于(yu)遼(liao)(liao)東(dong)(dong)塞外,其(qi)(qi)先(xian)南單于(yu)遠(yuan)屬也,世(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)人。其(qi)(qi)語(yu)(yu)與鮮(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)頗異。”按史書的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)(ji)載:宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)氏(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)首領(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祖先(xian)叫(jiao)葛(ge)(ge)烏(wu)(wu)菟,其(qi)(qi)先(xian)出自(zi)炎帝(di)(di)神農氏(shi),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)黃帝(di)(di)所滅,子(zi)孫(sun)遁居朔(shuo)野(ye)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)苗裔(yi),實際上就(jiu)是南匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)某個單于(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)庶支(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)裔(yi)。葛(ge)(ge)烏(wu)(wu)菟是公(gong)元(yuan)一(yi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀(ji)人,原居陰(yin)山(shan),是鮮(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)始(shi)祖,東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)期起其(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)裔(yi)子(zi)孫(sun)世(shi)(shi)(shi)襲為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鮮(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)東(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)人。在史籍(ji)《周(zhou)(zhou)書·文(wen)(wen)(wen)帝(di)(di)紀(ji)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)記(ji)(ji)(ji)載:“葛(ge)(ge)烏(wu)(wu)菟雄武多算(suan)略(lve),鮮(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)慕(mu)之(zhi),奉以為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),遂(sui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)二部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo),世(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)人。”葛(ge)(ge)烏(wu)(wu)菟之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)曰普(pu)回(hui),普(pu)回(hui)有子(zi)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)莫(mo)(mo)那(nei)(nei),約在公(gong)元(yuan)一(yi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀(ji)北(bei)匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)西(xi)遷時(shi)(shi),宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)莫(mo)(mo)那(nei)(nei)則自(zi)陰(yin)山(shan)率領(ling)(ling)下屬十(shi)(shi)二部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)南下遷至(zhi)遼(liao)(liao)西(xi)地(di)區,之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)莫(mo)(mo)那(nei)(nei)從附屬匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)脫(tuo)離獨立,號稱“鮮(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)俟汾氏(shi)”。“俟汾”是鮮(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)族(zu)(zu)語(yu)(yu)“天王”之(zhi)意。俟汾部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)日漸強盛(sheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)莫(mo)(mo)那(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)慕(mu)僚建議改(gai)“天王”為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)姓,但為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)忌諱晉室(shi),換“天王”為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)”,當(dang)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)十(shi)(shi)二部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)已經蘊涵了(le)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)庫莫(mo)(mo)奚(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)和(he)契丹(dan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)莫(mo)(mo)那(nei)(nei)則被后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)來南北(bei)朝時(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北(bei)周(zhou)(zhou)政權尊(zun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)獻侯,并(bing)奉為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)北(bei)周(zhou)(zhou)皇室(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)始(shi)祖。
按史(shi)(shi)籍(ji)《周(zhou)書》的(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)載(zai):葛烏菟的(de)(de)(de)后代普回襲任(ren)大(da)人(ren)之職后,他在(zai)(zai)打(da)獵(lie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)河邊拾到(dao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)顆玉璽(xi),上刻“皇(huang)帝璽(xi)”三字,大(da)喜之下自以為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)授(shou)神權(quan),當地人(ren)呼(hu)(hu)天(tian)(tian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,呼(hu)(hu)君為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“文(wen)(wen)”,“宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)”意即“天(tian)(tian)子”。于是(shi)(shi),這位普回大(da)人(ren)便自己號稱宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)氏,而自己的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落就叫(jiao)作宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)。當然(ran),后世史(shi)(shi)學家認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)這純粹是(shi)(shi)牽強附會之說(shuo)。到(dao)了東(dong)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)據中(zhong)(zhong)原,號稱宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)國。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)莫那之后有(you)(you)(you)數(shu)代首領在(zai)(zai)史(shi)(shi)書中(zhong)(zhong)沒有(you)(you)(you)任(ren)何記(ji)(ji)載(zai),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直到(dao)西(xi)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期以后才(cai)有(you)(you)(you)記(ji)(ji)事。在(zai)(zai)史(shi)(shi)籍(ji)《魏書》中(zhong)(zhong),記(ji)(ji)載(zai)了當時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)習(xi)俗(su)“人(ren)皆剪發(fa)而留(liu)其頂(ding)上,以為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首飾,長過數(shu)寸則截(jie)短之。婦女(nv)披長襦及足,而無裳焉。”部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)族(zu)(zu)人(ren)有(you)(you)(you)髡(kun)發(fa)習(xi)俗(su),婦女(nv)是(shi)(shi)穿著連(lian)身的(de)(de)(de)長襖,與(yu)漢族(zu)(zu)下身做長裙的(de)(de)(de)打(da)扮大(da)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)。另(ling)外(wai),宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)族(zu)(zu)人(ren)在(zai)(zai)秋(qiu)天(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候會去采收一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種稱作“烏頭”的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)毒植物制成毒藥,做為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)射獵(lie)禽獸(shou)之用。鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)族(zu)(zu)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)逐漸繁榮興盛,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直至東(dong)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)五胡十六國前(qian)期為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)止,特別是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)西(xi)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)以后較為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)強盛之時(shi)(shi)(shi),地點約在(zai)(zai)濡源(yuan)(今河北灤河上游)以東(dong)、柳(liu)城(今遼寧朝陽(yang))以西(xi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶的(de)(de)(de)廣大(da)地區,與(yu)同(tong)期存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)慕(mu)容部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)、段部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)相同(tong),都屬于東(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個支系(xi)(xi)。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)西(xi)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)幾代首領與(yu)拓跋部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)較佳,兩個部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)族(zu)(zu)間(jian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)通婚。進(jin)入五胡十六國時(shi)(shi)(shi)期后,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)曾依(yi)附勢(shi)力強大(da)的(de)(de)(de)后趙政權(quan)。但宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)與(yu)慕(mu)容部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)之間(jian)卻是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直存在(zai)(zai)著不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)爭(zheng)斗,且連(lian)續(xu)有(you)(you)(you)數(shu)位宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)首領宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)莫珪、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)遜(xun)昵延、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)乞得龜(gui)、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)逸豆歸都曾為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)慕(mu)容部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)所敗,在(zai)(zai)東(dong)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)咸(xian)和九年或東(dong)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)咸(xian)康元年(公元344/345年)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)決(jue)定性戰役中(zhong)(zhong),宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)終于被(bei)慕(mu)容部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)所建立的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)燕政權(quan)擊敗,部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)眾被(bei)慕(mu)容部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)首領分(fen)散遷移,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滅(mie)亡。
鮮(xian)卑宇(yu)文(wen)部的(de)(de)族(zu)人(ren)以及后(hou)來北周政(zheng)權的(de)(de)皇族(zu)貴胄和一些臣子國民(min),都以“宇(yu)文(wen)“為(wei)姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),稱宇(yu)文(wen)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),后(hou)逐(zhu)漸融入漢族(zu),將宇(yu)文(wen)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)復姓(xing)(xing)也(ye)帶入漢族(zu)之中,后(hou)有省(sheng)文(wen)簡改(gai)為(wei)單姓(xing)(xing)宇(yu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、文(wen)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)者,也(ye)有改(gai)單姓(xing)(xing)為(wei)尚(shang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、趙氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、胡氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、李氏(shi)(shi)(shi)者,皆世代(dai)相傳至今。
來(lai)自嬴姓,出自南北朝時期北周政權大臣趙文表、趙昶之后,屬于帝王賜改姓為氏。
南北(bei)朝時期(qi),有北(bei)周大(da)(da)都(dou)督(du)趙(zhao)文(wen)表、北(bei)周長(chang)道郡(jun)公趙(zhao)昶,這(zhe)二(er)人都(dou)是北(bei)周武帝宇文(wen)邕(561年(nian)―578年(nian)在位)的親信大(da)(da)將(jiang)。趙(zhao)文(wen)表追隨(sui)許國公宇文(wen)貴(gui)鎮守(shou)蜀(shu)地,行昌城郡(jun)事,官(guan)至(zhi)加中軍(jun)將(jiang)軍(jun),左金紫光祿大(da)(da)夫(fu)。趙(zhao)昶居將(jiang)帥之任,傾(qing)心下士(shi)。虜獲氐、羌,撫而使之,皆為趙(zhao)昶盡力(li)。后(hou)錄前后(hou)功,進爵長(chang)道郡(jun)公,征(zheng)拜賓(bin)部(bu)中大(da)(da)夫(fu),行吏(li)部(bu)事。這(zhe)二(er)人皆被北(bei)周武帝賜(si)姓為宇文(wen)氏(shi)。
在趙文表、趙昶的后裔子(zi)孫中,有以先祖(zu)受賜姓(xing)氏(shi)承襲(xi)者,都稱(cheng)宇(yu)文氏(shi),世代相傳至今。
宇(yu)文氏(shi)復姓(xing)氏(shi)典(dian)型的北(bei)方少數民族漢化姓(xing)氏(shi),在(zai)中國的大陸與臺灣省(sheng)都未進(jin)入(ru)前三(san)百大姓(xing),在(zai)宋版《百家姓(xing)》中排序為第四百三(san)十四位門閥(fa)。宇(yu)文姓(xing)早期(qi)活動在(zai)西(xi)北(bei)地(di)區,南(nan)(nan)北(bei)朝時期(qi)逐步南(nan)(nan)下內遷,除在(zai)遼寧、內蒙(meng)古、山西(xi)、陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)等地(di)分(fen)布(bu)外(wai),在(zai)河南(nan)(nan)洛(luo)陽等地(di)形成宇(yu)文氏(shi)皇族聚(ju)集地(di)。唐(tang)代時,他們(men)入(ru)地(di)為籍,遍(bian)及中原各(ge)地(di)。宋后宇(yu)文氏(shi)已不常見。如(ru)今(jin)在(zai)北(bei)京、河南(nan)(nan)、陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)、浙江、四川、臺灣等地(di)有少量分(fen)布(bu)。現今(jin)宇(yu)文姓(xing)人口沒有進(jin)入(ru)全國前三(san)百位。
今陜西省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的咸陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)及興平市(shi)(shi)、乾縣(xian)(xian)、長武縣(xian)(xian),河北省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的行唐縣(xian)(xian)、張家(jia)口市(shi)(shi)、石家(jia)莊市(shi)(shi),遼寧省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的大連市(shi)(shi),山東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的煙臺市(shi)(shi),四川省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的南(nan)部縣(xian)(xian),河南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的欒川縣(xian)(xian)、洛陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)、安陽(yang)市(shi)(shi),江蘇省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的南(nan)京市(shi)(shi),安徽(hui)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的無(wu)為縣(xian)(xian),浙(zhe)江省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的杭州(zhou)市(shi)(shi),山西省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的榆(yu)次市(shi)(shi)、太原(yuan)市(shi)(shi)尖(jian)草坪區(qu)、長治市(shi)(shi),廣東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),湖北省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),江西省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),湖南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),臺灣省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),北京市(shi)(shi),天津市(shi)(shi),重慶市(shi)(shi),上(shang)海市(shi)(shi),香港特別(bie)行政(zheng)區(qu)等地,均有宇文氏(shi)族人分布。
趙(zhao)(zhao)郡(jun):東漢建安(an)年間(196年―219年)設趙(zhao)(zhao)郡(jun),治所(suo)廣阿(今邢(xing)臺(tai)市隆(long)堯(yao)縣(xian)),轄地包括(kuo)今石家莊趙(zhao)(zhao)縣(xian)、高邑縣(xian)、贊(zan)皇縣(xian)和邢(xing)臺(tai)市寧晉縣(xian)、柏鄉縣(xian)、臨城縣(xian)、隆(long)堯(yao)縣(xian)東部(bu)。隋朝(chao)時期(qi)移治到趙(zhao)(zhao)縣(xian)(今河(he)北(bei)趙(zhao)(zhao)縣(xian))。
太(tai)(tai)原府(fu):也稱太(tai)(tai)原郡。戰國(guo)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)秦莊襄王四年(前246年)置郡,治所在晉(jin)(jin)陽(今山(shan)西(xi)太(tai)(tai)原),當時(shi)(shi)轄(xia)地在今山(shan)西(xi)省五臺山(shan)和管涔山(shan)南部一(yi)帶、霍山(shan)北部一(yi)帶地區(qu)。北魏(wei)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)轄(xia)地在今山(shan)西(xi)省陽曲縣(xian)、交城(cheng)市(shi)、平遙市(shi)、和順縣(xian)間的晉(jin)(jin)中一(yi)帶地區(qu)。隋朝時(shi)(shi)期(qi)改晉(jin)(jin)陽為(wei)太(tai)(tai)原,又另設(she)晉(jin)(jin)陽,與太(tai)(tai)原同城(cheng)。唐太(tai)(tai)原府(fu)洽(qia)也在此地。宋太(tai)(tai)平興國(guo)中期(qi)(980年)改并州(zhou)為(wei)太(tai)(tai)原府(fu),移治陽曲(今山(shan)西(xi)太(tai)(tai)原)。以后宋朝、金國(guo)的河東(dong)路、河東(dong)北路,明(ming)、清兩朝以來皆(jie)為(wei)府(fu)。民(min)國(guo)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)改為(wei)市(shi),成為(wei)山(shan)西(xi)省會所在,一(yi)直沿用至今。
趙郡堂:以望立堂。
太原堂:以望立堂。
四言通用聯
巧思博學;善戰(zhan)多謀(mou)。
——上聯(lian)典指隋(sui)(sui)朝時(shi)期(qi)的朔方人宇文愷,字(zi)安樂,喜讀書(shu),多技藝,有巧(qiao)思。隋(sui)(sui)文帝(di)時(shi)任營新都副(fu)監,興建大興城(cheng),又開鑿廣通渠,決渭水(shui)達黃河(he),以便利漕運;隋(sui)(sui)煬帝(di)時(shi)歷(li)官營東(dong)都副(fu)監、將作大匠、工部尚書(shu),所(suo)規劃的東(dong)都建筑極為奢華。著有《東(dong)都圖記》、《明堂圖議》等。下聯(lian)典指宇文愷之兄宇文忻,字(zi)仲樂,善戰多謀,曾(ceng)擊敗北周大將尉遲迥,封(feng)英國(guo)公(gong)。楊堅建隋(sui)(sui)朝后一直非常器重他(ta)。
折(zhe)草累石;正色立(li)朝。
——上聯典(dian)指(zhi)南北朝時(shi)期北周的(de)宇(yu)文深(shen),幼時(shi)折草為(wei)旗(qi),累石為(wei)營,作軍陣(zhen)之勢(shi)以嬉,日(ri)后果為(wei)名將(jiang)。下聯典(dian)指(zhi)隋(sui)朝時(shi)期的(de)宇(yu)文弼(bi),隋(sui)開皇初年為(wei)尚書左丞,當官正色,為(wei)百僚所憚(dan)。
五言通用聯
望出太原郡;源自宇文國(guo)。
——全聯典指宇文(wen)氏的(de)郡望和得姓源流(liu)。
六言通用聯
宇宙寥闊萬里;文明昌盛千秋。
——此聯為(wei)以(yi)鶴(he)頂(ding)格鑲嵌(qian)宇文復姓之“宇文”二字(zi)的嵌(qian)字(zi)聯。
七言通用聯
觀兒戲料為良將;立戰功得沐侯封。
——上(shang)聯典指南(nan)北(bei)朝時(shi)期北(bei)周(zhou)(zhou)的武(wu)川(chuan)人宇文深,字(zi)奴千,幼時(shi)曾(ceng)用(yong)草、石擺軍陣,父親宇文永(yong)遇見了大喜,料定他日后(hou)必為良將。后(hou)隨(sui)北(bei)周(zhou)(zhou)孝武(wu)帝(di)西遷,以(yi)(yi)都督領宿衛兵(bing)。北(bei)周(zhou)(zhou)大統(tong)年(nian)間(jian)官(guan)東雍州刺史(shi),封長樂侯,后(hou)官(guan)至司會(hui)中大夫。下(xia)聯典指南(nan)北(bei)朝時(shi)期北(bei)周(zhou)(zhou)的武(wu)川(chuan)人宇文虬(qiu),字(zi)樂仁,少年(nian)時(shi)從軍,因戰(zhan)功封南(nan)安侯,官(guan)至驃騎(qi)大將軍、開(kai)府儀同三(san)司。在戰(zhan)場上(shang),他總是身(shen)先(xian)士卒,所以(yi)(yi)能上(shang)下(xia)同心,戰(zhan)無不勝。
六人稱王(wang)傳名遠;五(wu)州(zhou)總管(guan)播(bo)惠長。
——上(shang)聯典指(zhi)宇(yu)文(wen)復姓在(zai)歷史上(shang)稱帝(di)者共有(you)六人(ren),創立(li)北周王朝(chao)。下聯典指(zhi)南北朝(chao)時期北周孝閔帝(di)之子宇(yu)文(wen)康,字乾定(ding),封紀王,總督利、始等五州大小劍二防諸軍事。
南冠(guan)終日囚軍府(fu);北雁何時到(dao)上林(lin)。
——此聯為(wei)金(jin)國的大臣(chen)宇文(wen)虛中《在金(jin)日(ri)作三首》詩(shi)句聯。“囚軍府”,指(zhi)宇文(wen)虛中奉使金(jin)國,被留不放還。“上(shang)林”,代(dai)指(zhi)南宋王朝(chao)。
八言以上通用聯
幼歲攻書,不(bu)從筆(bi)硯為迂腐;少年(nian)受學(xue),惟(wei)憑劍馬取公侯(hou)。
——上聯典指隋朝時期(qi)的大(da)將(jiang)(jiang)軍宇文慶事典。下聯典指南北朝時期(qi)北周的夏(xia)州名(ming)人宇文貴(gui)(gui),字永貴(gui)(gui),少受學,輟(chuo)書(shu)嘆曰:“男兒當(dang)提劍汗(han)馬以取公侯(hou),何能為博士?”后仕(shi)魏為大(da)將(jiang)(jiang)軍,屢著戰(zhan)功,封許國公。
家譜文獻
宇文氏族譜,(明)危素序,明朝(chao)年(nian)間木(mu)刻活字印(yin)本(ben)(ben)。現被收藏在(zai)中國(guo)國(guo)家(jia)圖書館(guan)、日本(ben)(ben)東京國(guo)立博物館(guan)。
北(bei)(bei)朝北(bei)(bei)魏將(jiang)領。武川(今屬內蒙)人。鮮卑族,宇(yu)(yu)文泰(tai)父。魏明帝(di)時,破(po)六韓(han)拔(ba)陵(ling)起義,宇(yu)(yu)文肱聚兵(bing)攻(gong)殺破(po)六韓(han)拔(ba)陵(ling)部將(jiang)衛(wei)可(ke)孤。遷(qian)居中山。后率眾加入鮮于修禮軍,被魏軍擊敗,戰死。北(bei)(bei)周追尊為德皇帝(di)。
(489-546),北朝(chao)西(xi)魏將(jiang)領(ling)。字澄(cheng)鏡,宇文(wen)(wen)泰族子。宇文(wen)(wen)測性沉密,少篤學(xue)。起家奉朝(chao)請、殿中(zhong)侍(shi)御史、安(an)東將(jiang)軍(jun)。尚宣武帝女陽平(ping)公主,拜駙馬都尉(wei)。從孝(xiao)武帝西(xi)入關,進爵為(wei)公。西(xi)魏文(wen)(wen)帝大統四(si)年(nian)(538),拜侍(shi)中(zhong)。六年(nian),坐事(shi)免。不久,除驃騎大將(jiang)軍(jun)、大都督、行汾州事(shi)。八年(nian),加(jia)金紫光(guang)祿大夫(fu),轉行綏州事(shi)。十年(nian),征(zheng)拜太(tai)子少保。十二(er)年(nian)十月,在任去世。
(498-554),北(bei)朝西魏(wei)將領。好讀書,馳馬能(neng)左(zuo)右射。少襲爵,與魏(wei)孝武帝(di)(di)(di)有(you)布(bu)衣交(jiao),帝(di)(di)(di)用為(wei)閣內大都督。共(gong)議西附宇(yu)文(wen)泰(tai),又護帝(di)(di)(di)至關中。宇(yu)文(wen)泰(tai)用為(wei)帳內大都督。后進位儀同三司(si)、散騎常侍(shi)。魏(wei)恭帝(di)(di)(di)元年去世。
(505-556),北朝北魏、西魏將領。字黑獺,代郡武(wu)川(chuan)(今(jin)內蒙古武(wu)川(chuan)西)人,鮮卑族。
(511-554),北朝西魏(wei)將(jiang)領。字(zi)菩薩(sa),顥子。隨宇文泰入(ru)關中,西魏(wei)文帝(di)初為(wei)領軍將(jiang)軍,率(lv)領禁軍。泰與(yu)高歡作戰。常(chang)留守后方。大統四年(nian)(538),為(wei)華州刺史。泰軍在(zai)洛(luo)陽失敗,趙(zhao)青雀、于(yu)伏(fu)德等乘(cheng)時(shi)據(ju)長安(an)、咸(xian)陽。宇文導由華州率(lv)軍攻(gong)破咸(xian)陽,又與(yu)泰合師(shi)收回(hui)長安(an)。后出守隴右(you),去世在(zai)上(shang)邽,謚孝。
(?-568),北朝北周臣。字奴干,測弟。起(qi)家秘書(shu)郎。好讀兵書(shu),有謀略。宇文泰用為相府主簿(bu)。為泰籌(chou)劃擒竇泰、取(qu)弘農及(ji)沙苑作戰方(fang)略。封長(chang)樂縣(xian)侯。周武帝(di)保定初(chu),為京兆尹,轉司會中大夫。為政(zheng)嚴明,抑制豪右,受(shou)人(ren)贊譽。
(約515-572),北(bei)(bei)朝北(bei)(bei)周權(quan)臣。武(wu)川(今內蒙古武(wu)川西)人。宇(yu)文泰之侄(zhi)。
(531-578),北朝北周(zhou)將領(ling)。代郡(jun)武川(chuan)(今屬(shu)內蒙古)人(ren)。鮮卑族(zu)(zu)。周(zhou)文(wen)(wen)(wen)帝(di)(di)宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)泰(tai)族(zu)(zu)子。父顯和(he),仕魏,為孝(xiao)武帝(di)(di)進入關之計。后(hou)隨(sui)從入關。宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)神(shen)(shen)舉以(yi)周(zhou)明(ming)帝(di)(di)初(chu),起家中(zhong)侍上士。明(ming)帝(di)(di)留意文(wen)(wen)(wen)學而(er)神(shen)(shen)舉雅好(hao)篇(pian)什,常得侍從。周(zhou)武帝(di)(di)保定間(jian),歷任車(che)騎(qi)大(da)將軍、儀同三司諸(zhu)職。建德元年為京(jing)兆尹(yin),三年,出為熊州刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)。從周(zhou)武帝(di)(di)伐(fa)齊,齊平(ping)(ping),為并(bing)州刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)。宣政元年(578),周(zhou)武帝(di)(di)卒,幽(you)州人(ren)盧(lu)(lu)昌(chang)期、祖英伯等舉兵反周(zhou),盧(lu)(lu)思(si)道(dao)亦預其(qi)事。神(shen)(shen)舉率兵平(ping)(ping)亂,見思(si)道(dao),令作露(lu)布,乃釋其(qi)罪。又從越(yue)王(wang)宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)盛平(ping)(ping)稽胡(hu),敗(bai)突厥。師(shi)還(huan),以(yi)武帝(di)(di)時嘗與王(wang)軌、宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)孝(xiao)伯言(yan)宣帝(di)(di)之短于武帝(di)(di),兼以(yi)功高,宣帝(di)(di)使人(ren)鴆(zhen)之,卒于馬(ma)邑(yi)。史(shi)(shi)稱宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)神(shen)(shen)舉“博涉經史(shi)(shi),性愛篇(pian)章”。
(534-560),北朝北周皇帝(di)(di)。小字統萬突(tu)。鮮卑(bei)族。宇(yu)文泰(tai)庶(shu)長子(zi)。西魏大統十(shi)四年(nian)(548),封寧都郡公。北周建國后任(ren)柱國,岐州刺史(shi)。557年(nian)被(bei)宇(yu)文護(hu)(hu)立為天王,宇(yu)文護(hu)(hu)輔政(zheng)(zheng)專(zhuan)權。559年(nian)宇(yu)文護(hu)(hu)歸政(zheng)(zheng),始親(qin)政(zheng)(zheng),稱皇帝(di)(di),改(gai)元武成。仍受制(zhi)于(yu)宇(yu)文護(hu)(hu)。武成二(er)年(nian)(560)四月,被(bei)宇(yu)文護(hu)(hu)毒死。葬昭陵。謚明(ming)皇帝(di)(di),廟號世宗(zong)。年(nian)號武成。
(542-557),北朝北周(zhou)創建者。字陁羅尼。鮮卑族。代郡武川(今屬(shu)內蒙古)人(ren),西魏權臣(chen)宇(yu)文(wen)泰第三子。
北朝北周(zhou)將領。字樂仁,武川(今屬內蒙古)人(ren)。驍悍有(you)膽略(lve)。少從(cong)征討,累(lei)有(you)戰功,封南安侯(hou)。后(hou)為獨孤信帳內都督,隨(sui)信奔(ben)梁。復(fu)回歸,進爵為公。從(cong)復(fu)弘農,破沙苑,戰河(he)橋,皆有(you)功,累(lei)遷南秦(qin)州刺史、驃騎(qi)大(da)將軍(jun)、開(kai)府(fu)儀同(tong)三司(si)。宇文虬每經戰陣,必(bi)身先士卒,故(gu)上(shang)下同(tong)心,戰無(wu)不克。后(hou)拜金州刺史、大(da)將軍(jun)卒。
(543-578),北朝北周皇帝。小字禰(ni)羅突(tu)。鮮(xian)卑族。武川(chuan)(chuan)(今內蒙古武川(chuan)(chuan)西)人。宇文(wen)泰第(di)四子。
(?-576),北朝北周將領(ling)。字永(yong)貴(gui),其先(xian)昌黎(今(jin)屬河北)人(ren),后(hou)徙居夏(xia)州(今(jin)陜西橫山縣(xian)西)。善騎射,有將帥才。魏正光末,破六韓(han)拔陵圍(wei)夏(xia)州,刺史嬰城固守(shou),以貴(gui)為統軍。后(hou)從爾朱榮,以戰功封革融縣(xian)侯。大統中,屢著戰功,官至(zhi)大將軍。周孝閔帝(di)即位,進位柱國,封許(xu)國公,歷官大司徒、太(tai)保。天和中出使突(tu)厥,回至(zhi)張掖卒。
(543-578),北(bei)朝北(bei)周(zhou)臣。字胡(hu)三(san),深子(zi)。少被宇(yu)文泰撫養。與(yu)武帝(di)同(tong)日生,同(tong)學,相知(zhi)甚深。邕即位,以與(yu)其共讀為(wei)由(you),引(yin)置左右,方得(de)聯絡內外,誅殺宇(yu)文護。為(wei)左宮(gong)正,輔太(tai)子(zi)赟,數(shu)言(yan)赟過。帝(di)出京,常令其留守(shou)(shou)。帝(di)將卒,執(zhi)手托以后(hou)事,即令為(wei)司衛(wei)上大夫。入(ru)京鎮守(shou)(shou)。宣帝(di)初,為(wei)小冢宰,數(shu)言(yan)朝政得(de)失,拒助(zhu)帝(di)殺齊王憲,賜死(si)。后(hou)楊(yang)堅言(yan):若(ruo)孝(xiao)伯在(zai),己即無(wu)機(ji)遇。
(544-578),北(bei)朝(chao)北(bei)周宗室。字毗(pi)賀突,宇文(wen)泰第五子,周武帝宇文(wen)邕弟。性通敏,有度量(liang)。
北(bei)朝北(bei)周宗室。字豆羅突(tu),邕(yong)同母(mu)弟(di)。周初封衛國公,附宇文(wen)護(hu)(hu)。武帝(di)天(tian)和中與(yu)陳(chen)軍作戰兵(bing)敗,免職。遂怨護(hu)(hu),助邕(yong)殺(sha)護(hu)(hu)。求(qiu)為大(da)司馬,帝(di)未許。建德三年(574)進爵為王。同年,帝(di)赴云(yun)陽宮(gong),直(zhi)在(zai)長安舉兵(bing)攻宮(gong)城。事敗,逃至荊州被(bei)擒,免為庶(shu)人,囚在(zai)別宮(gong)。不久(jiu)被(bei)殺(sha)。
(?-578),北(bei)朝北(bei)周宗室(shi)。字(zi)侯幼突,宇(yu)文(wen)泰子(zi)。明帝武(wu)成初,封譙國公。武(wu)帝天和(he)中,拜(bai)大(da)將軍,遷柱國,出(chu)為益(yi)州總管。建德三年(574),宇(yu)文(wen)儉進爵為王。五(wu)年,東伐,攻永固城,拔(ba)之。六年,拜(bai)大(da)冢宰。宣政元年(578)二月(yue)卒。
(?-580),北(bei)朝北(bei)周宗室。字度斤(jin)突(tu),宇文泰子。性果決,善騎射。明帝武(wu)成(cheng)初(chu),封代國(guo)公。武(wu)帝天(tian)和元(yuan)年(nian)(566),拜大(da)將軍。建(jian)德初(chu),進位柱國(guo),出(chu)為(wei)荊州刺(ci)史。三年(nian)(574),進爵為(wei)王。出(chu)為(wei)益州總管。宣帝即位,進位上柱國(guo)。靜(jing)帝大(da)象(xiang)元(yuan)年(nian)(579),拜大(da)右弼(bi)。二(er)年(nian),為(wei)隋文帝楊(yang)堅所殺。
(?-580),北朝北周宗(zong)室、文(wen)人。字豆盧突。代郡武川(今屬內(nei)蒙古)人。鮮卑族。宇文(wen)泰子。
(?-580),北(bei)朝北(bei)周宗室、文人。字爾(er)固突。代(dai)郡武(wu)川(今(jin)屬內蒙古)人。鮮卑族。宇(yu)文泰之子。
北(bei)朝(chao)北(bei)周將(jiang)領。河(he)南洛陽(今屬(shu)河(he)南)人。孝文帝(di)(di)太(tai)和初,為(wei)羽林(lin)郎將(jiang),數有戰功。魏遷都(dou)洛陽,宇文福奉命規(gui)劃牧地,在黃河(he)南北(bei)地近千(qian)里,放養雜畜。后攻高(gao)車敗,被貶。宣武帝(di)(di)即(ji)位(wei),用為(wei)南征統(tong)軍,有戰功。歷任豫、瀛州刺(ci)史(shi),太(tai)仆(pu)卿,懷朔鎮將(jiang)。卒(zu)于鎮,謚貞(zhen)惠(hui)。
(559-580),北(bei)朝北(bei)周皇帝(di)。字乾(qian)伯。鮮卑族。邕(yong)長子。邕(yong)慮其不堪重任,待其嚴(yan)格,朝見如群(qun)臣,有(you)過則杖責。初即位,下(xia)令嚴(yan)律法;任用北(bei)齊(qi)官(guan)員。殺齊(qi)王憲,令左右密察群(qun)臣言行。法嚴(yan)刑苛,禁臣下(xia)有(you)高大(da)之稱(cheng)。次年,以子衍(yan)為(wei)(wei)皇帝(di),自稱(cheng)天元皇帝(di)。大(da)興土(tu)木(mu),恣意聲色。對國(guo)家(jia)典章制(zhi)度(du)等,皆有(you)變(bian)革。大(da)象二年令楊(yang)堅(jian)出(chu)為(wei)(wei)揚州總管。事未行,病,召(zhao)堅(jian)入宮。卒,謚(shi)宣帝(di)。
(?-580),北朝北周宗室。字乾依,武(wu)帝宇(yu)文(wen)邕子(zi),初(chu)封漢國公。建德(de)三年(nian)(574),進爵為(wei)王,仍柱(zhu)國。靜帝大象二年(nian)(580),楊堅輔政(zheng),欲順物(wu)情,乃進宇(yu)文(wen)贊上柱(zhu)國、右大丞相。外示尊崇,實無權柄。后轉太師。不久(jiu),為(wei)堅所殺(sha)。
(?-580),北朝北周宗室(shi)。字(zi)乾信,武帝宇文邕子(zi),初(chu)封秦國(guo)公。武帝建德三年(nian)(574),進爵為(wei)王。靜帝大(da)象二年(nian)(580)五月(yue),進上(shang)柱國(guo)。六月(yue),遷大(da)冢宰(zai)。八月(yue),進位大(da)右弼。不久,為(wei)楊堅所殺。
(?-580),北朝(chao)北周宗(zong)室。字立久突(tu),宇文泰(tai)子。明帝武成初,封越國公。武帝天和中,進爵為(wei)王(wang)。四年(nian)(569),大(da)(da)軍(jun)伐齊,宇文盛為(wei)后一軍(jun)總(zong)管。并州(zhou)平(ping)(ping),進位上柱國。從平(ping)(ping)鄴,拜相州(zhou)總(zong)管。宣政元(yuan)年(nian)(578),入(ru)為(wei)大(da)(da)冢(zhong)宰。靜帝大(da)(da)象(xiang)元(yuan)年(nian)(579),遷大(da)(da)前疑,轉太保。同年(nian)出(chu)就(jiu)國。二(er)年(nian),朝(chao)京師。其(qi)秋,為(wei)隋(sui)文帝楊堅所殺(sha)。
(523-586),隋將(jiang)(jiang)領(ling)。京兆(治今陜(shan)西西安)人,本籍朔方(治今內蒙古烏(wu)審旗南白城子),字仲樂。少時即(ji)精騎射,慷慨有大志,自謂(wei)可勝過韓信、白起、衛青(qing)、霍去病等(deng)名將(jiang)(jiang)。北周時,從(cong)韋孝(xiao)寬守玉(yu)壁,從(cong)武帝攻拔北齊晉陽,均以(yi)驍勇敢戰(zhan)立功(gong)。周末,從(cong)高(gao)颎(jiong)、韋孝(xiao)寬破尉(wei)遲迥,功(gong)為諸將(jiang)(jiang)之最。進(jin)封(feng)英國(guo)公(gong)。入(ru)隋,以(yi)宿(su)將(jiang)(jiang)遭忌,乃與梁士彥等(deng)謀反,事泄被殺。
(573-581),北(bei)(bei)朝北(bei)(bei)周皇帝(di)。本名衍(yan)。鮮(xian)卑(bei)族。宣帝(di)長子。大成元年(579),封(feng)魯王,不久立為皇太子。同年二(er)月受父禪(chan)即位(wei),年僅7歲。改元大象(xiang)。外戚(qi)楊堅執掌(zhang)朝政,恢復佛、道兩教,大殺周朝宗室。大定元年(581)二(er)月,被(bei)(bei)迫禪(chan)位(wei)于楊堅,封(feng)介國公,北(bei)(bei)周亡。同年五月被(bei)(bei)殺。葬(zang)恭陵。謚靜帝(di)。
隋(sui)將(jiang),字神(shen)慶,祖籍武(wu)(wu)川(今屬內蒙(meng)古),后為洛陽人,鮮卑族,宇文氏族子。周初受業東(dong)觀,頗涉經史。后應(ying)募(mu)從征,以功授(shou)都(dou)督(du)。復從武(wu)(wu)帝轉戰各(ge)地,拔高壁,克并州,下信都(dou),功居諸將(jiang)之(zhi)首,故進位大將(jiang)軍,封汝南郡公(gong)。入(ru)隋(sui),拜(bai)左武(wu)(wu)衛將(jiang)軍,進上柱國,出為涼州總管。后還(huan)都(dou),卒于家。
(555-612),隋建(jian)筑家。字安樂,朔(shuo)方夏州(今陜西(xi)靖邊)人。
(?-616),隋朝將(jiang)領。字伯(bo)通(tong),代郡武(wu)川(chuan)(chuan)(今內蒙(meng)古武(wu)川(chuan)(chuan)南)人,出(chu)身鮮卑貴族。
(?-619),隋(sui)代末(mo)年叛軍首領。代郡(jun)武川(今內蒙(meng)古武川西)人。隋(sui)大將(jiang)宇文述之子。
唐將領(ling)。字仁(ren)人,京(jing)兆長(chang)安人。父述(shu),為(wei)隋右(you)衛大將軍。隋開皇末(601),封新城(cheng)縣公。
宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)成(cheng)都,小說(shuo)《說(shuo)唐(tang)》《忠義響馬(ma)傳(chuan)》《興唐(tang)傳(chuan)》中人物,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)及(ji)之子(zi)。被(bei)隋(sui)煬帝(di)封(feng)為天(tian)保大將軍之職。兵器(qi)鳳翅鎦(liu)金镋(tang)[tǎng],被(bei)稱為隋(sui)唐(tang)第(di)二(er)條好漢,在四平山力挫三杰。曾(ceng)在晉陽與(yu)李淵(yuan)之子(zi)李元霸(ba)(ba)比(bi)武,輸給李元霸(ba)(ba)。與(yu)瓦崗(gang)寨英使一(yi)柄(bing)鳳翅鎦(liu)金镋(tang),重三百二(er)十斤(jin)”,傳(chuan)說(shuo)為九天(tian)應元雷神(shen)普化(hua)天(tian)尊(zun)轉世。雄為敵(di),幫助(zhu)父奪取隋(sui)朝天(tian)下,在揚州(zhou)被(bei)李元霸(ba)(ba)所殺。歷史上,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)及(ji)有二(er)子(zi):宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)承(cheng)基、宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)承(cheng)趾,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)及(ji)同時被(bei)竇建德斬殺。
(?-約730),唐(tang)臣。京兆(zhao)萬年(今陜西西安(an))人(ren)。開元初(chu)任監(jian)察御史(shi)。時土地(di)(di)兼并(bing)嚴重,人(ren)口(kou)流(liu)失(shi),稅收受到影(ying)響。他(ta)(ta)建議檢(jian)括(kuo)逃亡戶(hu)口(kou)和(he)籍外(wai)占(zhan)田。并(bing)自任勸(quan)農(nong)使(shi),率判(pan)官(guan)二十(shi)(shi)余(yu)人(ren)出使(shi)各地(di)(di),清出客(ke)戶(hu)八十(shi)(shi)余(yu)萬和(he)大量土地(di)(di)。開元十(shi)(shi)七年(729),拜(bai)黃門(men)侍郎(lang),同中(zhong)書門(men)下平(ping)章事。他(ta)(ta)善于薦舉(ju)人(ren)才,在相期間,薦宋璟(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)右(you)丞(cheng)相、裴耀(yao)卿為(wei)(wei)(wei)戶(hu)部侍郎(lang)、許(xu)景先為(wei)(wei)(wei)工(gong)部侍郎(lang)。在相位僅百日(ri)即罷貶為(wei)(wei)(wei)汝州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi),又流(liu)巖(yan)州(zhou),卒(zu)于途中(zhong)。
唐臣。字(zi)周重,河(he)南(nan)(今河(he)南(nan)洛陽)人。御史(shi)中(zhong)丞宇文邈之子。元和(he)六(liu)年(nian)(811),與江(jiang)淮從事(shi)李(li)公佐會于漢(han)南(nan)。長慶初,任右拾遺,與李(li)玨等進言勸穆宗(zong)戒酒色。歷倉部(bu)(bu)員外(wai)郎(lang)、左司員外(wai)郎(lang)、吏部(bu)(bu)員外(wai)郎(lang)。大和(he)三年(nian)(829),自(zi)吏部(bu)(bu)郎(lang)中(zhong)為御史(shi)中(zhong)丞。又兼刑(xing)部(bu)(bu)侍郎(lang)。六(liu)年(nian),為戶部(bu)(bu)侍郎(lang)、判度(du)支。出為華州刺(ci)史(shi)。八(ba)年(nian),坐(zuo)贓事(shi)貶(bian)循(xun)州刺(ci)史(shi)。
(1029-1082),北宋學(xue)者(zhe)。字公(gong)(gong)南,漢州綿竹(今屬(shu)四川)人。進士及第,為文(wen)州曲水縣令。神宗即位,上疏言政事(shi),不(bu)報,遂以太子中(zhong)允致仕。自強于學(xue),不(bu)易其志(zhi),退(tui)居十(shi)五年,常(chang)為經史琴酒之(zhi)樂,學(xue)者(zhe)稱止(zhi)止(zhi)先(xian)生。司馬光(guang)、范鎮等盛(sheng)譽之(zhi),以為“位下而言高,學(xue)富而行(xing)篤”。元豐五年卒(zu)。著有《止(zhi)止(zhi)先(xian)生宇文(wen)公(gong)(gong)集》二十(shi)二卷,今已佚。
(?-1139),宋(song)(song)臣。字仲(zhong)達,一(yi)作仲(zhong)理(li),成都華陽(今四川雙流)人(ren)。崇(chong)寧二年(nian)(nian)(1103)進士。入仕(shi)后曾任中(zhong)書舍人(ren)、翰林學士承旨等職(zhi)。宣和六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(1124)官至(zhi)尚書右丞(cheng)。后出為地方官。南宋(song)(song)初(chu)知濮州時(shi)被俘,金人(ren)嘉其(qi)忠義放歸,乃以光祿大夫出知潼川府。紹興元年(nian)(nian)(1131)辭官,以其(qi)弟宇文時(shi)中(zhong)代理(li)府事(shi)。從(cong)此(ci)閑居至(zhi)卒。
(1079-1146),金臣。字叔通,宇文粹(cui)中之弟。
南宋臣。字挺臣,顯謨閣待(dai)制(zhi)宇文師瑗養子(zi)。成都廣(guang)都(今四川雙流)人(ren)。初補官仕州(zhou)縣。舉進士。累遷寶謨閣待(dai)制(zhi)、知(zhi)廬州(zhou)。時,韓侂(tuo)胄方議舉兵北伐。紹節(jie)致書侂(tuo)胄,認為(wei)有復仇之(zhi)(zhi)志,無(wu)復仇之(zhi)(zhi)略;有開邊之(zhi)(zhi)害,無(wu)開邊之(zhi)(zhi)利,不(bu)(bu)量國力(li),冒險(xian)進取。侂(tuo)胄見書不(bu)(bu)樂(le)。召還,以(yi)寶文閣待(dai)制(zhi)知(zhi)鎮江府。除(chu)湖北京(jing)西宣撫使,知(zhi)江陵(ling)府。統制(zhi)官高悅(yue)肆意(yi)殺掠,紹節(jie)召至,收其部曲,旋有人(ren)控(kong)訴悅(yue)縱所部剽劫者,加以(yi)杖(zhang)殺,兵民(min)皆歡喜。官至端明殿學士、簽書樞密院事,卒。謚忠惠。
元文學家。字(zi)子貞,成(cheng)都人(ren),后徙吳興(今浙江湖州)。元統(tong)進士。
其他(ta)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)姓名人有晉(jin)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)鮮卑(bei)族(zu)首(shou)領(ling)(ling)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)莫槐、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)莫廆、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)屈云、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)遜尼(ni)延(yan)、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)乞得歸(gui)、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)逸豆歸(gui);南北(bei)朝東魏(wei)(wei)史學(xue)家宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)忠之,西魏(wei)(wei)將(jiang)領(ling)(ling)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)洛生、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)顥,北(bei)周(zhou)大臣宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)純、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)寔、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)興、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)貞(zhen)、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)賢(xian)、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)善,將(jiang)領(ling)(ling)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)亮、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)延(yan)、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)安(an)慶、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)椿;隋大臣宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)弼、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)靜禮、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)皛、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)智及,將(jiang)領(ling)(ling)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)協;唐大臣宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)穎、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)節;宋大臣宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌齡、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)常(chang),學(xue)者宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)紹奕、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)懋昭等(deng)。近(jin)當代宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)姓名人有經濟學(xue)家宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)舉(ju),畫家宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)洲(zhou),歌唱演員(yuan)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)永清等(deng)
1940年生于吉林龍井,1958年考入(ru)東北(bei)師(shi)范大學美(mei)(mei)術(shu)(shu)系(xi)學習。1965年畢業分配到北(bei)京(jing)畫(hua)院工作(zuo)。作(zuo)品以青綠(lv)山(shan)水(shui)(shui)創(chuang)作(zuo)為主。其創(chuang)作(zuo)力求把水(shui)(shui)墨(mo)山(shan)水(shui)(shui)和重彩青綠(lv)山(shan)水(shui)(shui)融(rong)為一體作(zuo)品構(gou)圖飽滿。氣勢雄(xiong)偉(wei)。現為北(bei)京(jing)畫(hua)院專業畫(hua)家。國(guo)家一級美(mei)(mei)術(shu)(shu)師(shi)。北(bei)京(jing)中國(guo)畫(hua)研究(jiu)會(hui)會(hui)長。中國(guo)美(mei)(mei)術(shu)(shu)家協會(hui)會(hui)員。