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人物簡介

黃(huang)石(shi)公(gong)，曲陽人，春(chun)秋戰國(guo)時(shi)期諸子(zi)百家的流派(pai)之(zhi)一(yi)，與鬼谷(gu)子(zi)齊名(ming)。嬰兒時(shi)被棄(qi)于黃(huang)山，謂之(zhi)黃(huang)公(gong)。他(ta)隱(yin)居黃(huang)山著書立說，留下(xia)《太(tai)公(gong)兵(bing)法》(兵(bing)書)、《黃(huang)石(shi)公(gong)略》和《雕(diao)刻天(tian)書》。他(ta)把《太(tai)公(gong)兵(bing)法》《黃(huang)石(shi)公(gong)略》傳(chuan)給張良(liang)，把《雕(diao)刻天(tian)書》傳(chuan)給曲陽的宋(song)天(tian)昊、楊藝源二位弟(di)子(zi)，才使曲陽人學會了雕(diao)刻，后來(lai)曲陽縣成為“雕(diao)刻之(zhi)鄉”，聞名(ming)于天(tian)下(xia)。

主要經歷

黃石(shi)公，下(xia)邳(pi)（今江蘇邳(pi)縣）人(ren)。世人(ren)稱(cheng)黃石(shi)公“圯上老(lao)人(ren)”、“下(xia)邳(pi)神人(ren)”。黃石(shi)公本為秦漢時(shi)人(ren)，后被道(dao)教(jiao)納入神譜(pu)。皇甫(fu)謐《高士傳》：黃石(shi)公者(zhe)，下(xia)邳(pi)人(ren)也，遭秦亂，自隱姓(xing)名，時(shi)人(ren)莫知者(zhe)。

黃(huang)(huang)石公(gong)(gong)(gong)，是(shi)(shi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)邳(pi)人(ren)。遇上(shang)秦時候的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰亂，自己隱(yin)姓埋名，當時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)沒有(you)(you)知道他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。起(qi)初(chu)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)改名換姓，藏(zang)在(zai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)邳(pi)，在(zai)沂水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橋(qiao)上(shang)去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)散步游(you)(you)逛(guang)時，遇到一(yi)(yi)位老人(ren)，還沒有(you)(you)互相拜見(jian)，黃(huang)(huang)石公(gong)(gong)(gong)故意把(ba)(ba)鞋(xie)拋到橋(qiao)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，看著張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)說：“小(xiao)子(zi)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)把(ba)(ba)鞋(xie)取(qu)上(shang)來(lai)(lai)！”張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)預先不(bu)(bu)知道是(shi)(shi)詐(zha)，有(you)(you)些愕然想揍他(ta)(ta)(ta)；因為(wei)見(jian)他(ta)(ta)(ta)年(nian)歲大了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，才(cai)強忍(ren)怒(nu)火，下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)橋(qiao)，給(gei)(gei)(gei)他(ta)(ta)(ta)把(ba)(ba)鞋(xie)取(qu)上(shang)來(lai)(lai)。于是(shi)(shi)就跪(gui)著給(gei)(gei)(gei)他(ta)(ta)(ta)穿(chuan)(chuan)上(shang)。那(nei)位老人(ren)伸出腳(jiao)來(lai)(lai)，讓張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)把(ba)(ba)鞋(xie)穿(chuan)(chuan)好，笑著走了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)感到很驚(jing)詫。他(ta)(ta)(ta)大約走出一(yi)(yi)里遠，又(you)返了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)回(hui)來(lai)(lai)，對張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)說：“年(nian)輕人(ren)倒是(shi)(shi)可以教育的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)！五(wu)天(tian)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清晨(chen)，你(ni)在(zai)這里和我會面。”張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)更覺得(de)奇怪，又(you)跪(gui)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)說：“是(shi)(shi)。”五(wu)天(tian)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早晨(chen)，張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)約定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方，黃(huang)(huang)石公(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說：“你(ni)與老人(ren)約定，為(wei)什么(me)后(hou)來(lai)(lai)？”再五(wu)天(tian)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早晨(chen)約定，張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)天(tian)不(bu)(bu)亮就去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，黃(huang)(huang)石公(gong)(gong)(gong)又(you)早在(zai)那(nei)里了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，又(you)生(sheng)氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說：“為(wei)什么(me)晚來(lai)(lai)？”又(you)五(wu)天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早晨(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)約定，張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)半夜就去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。過了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)會，黃(huang)(huang)石公(gong)(gong)(gong)也來(lai)(lai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，高興的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說：“孺(ru)子(zi)可教也！”于是(shi)(shi)拿出一(yi)(yi)本(ben)兵(bing)書給(gei)(gei)(gei)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)，說：“你(ni)回(hui)去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)讀(du)他(ta)(ta)(ta)，就可以做帝(di)王的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老師了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。十三年(nian)之后(hou)，你(ni)見(jian)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濟北谷(gu)城山下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)石，就是(shi)(shi)我了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。”于是(shi)(shi)離去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，看不(bu)(bu)見(jian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)天(tian)亮翻開書一(yi)(yi)看竟然是(shi)(shi)《太公(gong)(gong)(gong)兵(bing)法》。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)認為(wei)這事很神異，于是(shi)(shi)把(ba)(ba)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)說四處游(you)(you)說，他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)都不(bu)(bu)采(cai)納。后(hou)來(lai)(lai)與沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)陳留相遇，沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)采(cai)納他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話，最終有(you)(you)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)功業(ye)。

十三年(nian)后(hou)，跟隨(sui)高祖(zu)退到濟北(bei)谷城山（今山東省平陰縣(xian)東阿(a)鎮黃山）下，得到一(yi)塊黃石(shi)，張良于(yu)是像對寶(bao)貝似(si)的建祠供奉起來。一(yi)直(zhi)到張良死(si)，將他(ta)與石(shi)頭一(yi)起埋葬了。

主要作品

案黃石公事見《史(shi)記》，《三略(lve)》之(zhi)名，始見于《隋(sui)書·經(jing)籍(ji)志》，云下邳神人撰(zhuan)，成氏注。唐(tang)宋《藝文(wen)志》所載(zai)并同。

嘉(jia)錫案：《困(kun)(kun)學紀(ji)聞》卷十云：“魏李蕭遠(yuan)《運命(ming)論》張良(liang)受黃石之符，誦《三略(lve)》之說，言(yan)三略(lve)者，始見(jian)于此。”自注云：“漢光武詔引《黃石公(gong)記》，未(wei)有《三略(lve)》之名(ming)。”是則《三略(lve)》名(ming)之源起，《困(kun)(kun)學紀(ji)聞》已明言(yan)之，其名(ming)初不始于《隋(sui)經籍志(zhi)》；《紀(ji)聞》非僻(pi)書(shu)，《提要》乃略(lve)不一考，何也？

相(xiang)傳(chuan)其(qi)源出于太公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，圯(yi)(yi)上老(lao)人以一(yi)編(bian)書(shu)(shu)授張良(liang)者，即(ji)此(ci)。蓋自漢以來言兵(bing)(bing)(bing)法者，往(wang)往(wang)以黃(huang)石(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)名。史志所載，有《黃(huang)石(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)記》三卷(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)石(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)略注》三卷(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)石(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)陰謀(mou)乘斗魁剛(gang)行軍秘》一(yi)卷(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)石(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)神光(guang)輔星(xing)秘訣(jue)》一(yi)卷(juan)(juan)。又《兵(bing)(bing)(bing)法》一(yi)卷(juan)(juan)、《三鑒圖》一(yi)卷(juan)(juan)、《兵(bing)(bing)(bing)書(shu)(shu)統要》一(yi)卷(juan)(juan)。今(jin)雖多亡(wang)佚，然(ran)大抵出于附會。是書(shu)(shu)文(wen)義不古，當(dang)亦后(hou)人所依托(tuo)。鄭瑗(yuan)《井觀(guan)瑣(suo)言》稱(cheng)其(qi)剽(piao)竊(qie)老(lao)氏遺意，迂緩支離，不適于用，其(qi)知足(zu)戒貪等(deng)語。蓋因子(zi)房(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)哲而(er)為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)辭，非(fei)子(zi)房(fang)反有得于此(ci)。其(qi)非(fei)圯(yi)(yi)橋授受之(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)(shu)，明(ming)甚。然(ran)后(hou)漢光(guang)武帝詔(zhao)書(shu)(shu)引(yin)黃(huang)石(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)“柔能(neng)制(zhi)剛(gang)，弱(ruo)能(neng)制(zhi)強”之(zhi)(zhi)語，實出書(shu)(shu)中(zhong)所載軍讖之(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)，其(qi)為(wei)漢詔(zhao)援(yuan)據此(ci)書(shu)(shu)，或為(wei)此(ci)書(shu)(shu)剽(piao)竊(qie)漢詔(zhao)，雖均無可考，疑(yi)以傳(chuan)疑(yi)，亦姑過而(er)存之(zhi)(zhi)焉。

案史志(zhi)所載(zai)之(zhi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)以黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)名者(zhe)，《隋書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·經籍志(zhi)·兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)家(jia)》有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)內記敵法(fa)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)略(lve)(lve)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)、〔原(yuan)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)下邳(pi)神人(ren)撰，成氏(shi)(shi)注(zhu)(zhu)。梁(liang)(liang)又有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)記》三(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)，《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)略(lve)(lve)注(zhu)(zhu)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)。〕《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)奇法(fa)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)、〔原(yuan)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)梁(liang)(liang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)。《張(zhang)良(liang)(liang)經》與《三(san)(san)(san)(san)略(lve)(lve)》，往往同，亡。〕《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)五壘圖(tu)(tu)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)陰(yin)謀(mou)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)軍秘(mi)法(fa)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)、〔原(yuan)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)梁(liang)(liang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)秘(mi)經》二卷(juan)(juan)(juan)。〕《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)。《五行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)家(jia)》有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)北(bei)斗(dou)三(san)(san)(san)(san)奇法(fa)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)。《舊(jiu)》《新·唐志(zhi)·兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)家(jia)》除(chu)(chu)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)略(lve)(lve)》、《成氏(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)略(lve)(lve)訓》〔《舊(jiu)志(zhi)》無(wu)成氏(shi)(shi)二字(zi)〕各三(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)外(wai)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)陰(yin)謀(mou)乘(cheng)斗(dou)魁剛行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)軍秘(mi)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)。〔疑即(ji)《隋志(zhi)》之(zhi)《陰(yin)謀(mou)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)軍秘(mi)法(fa)》，而(er)名不同。〕《宋史·藝文志(zhi)·兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)家(jia)》除(chu)(chu)《成氏(shi)(shi)注(zhu)(zhu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)略(lve)(lve)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)外(wai)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)神光輔星秘(mi)訣(jue)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)，又《兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)法(fa)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)、《三(san)(san)(san)(san)鑒圖(tu)(tu)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)、《兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)統(tong)要》三(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)、《三(san)(san)(san)(san)略(lve)(lve)秘(mi)要》三(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)。《五行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)家(jia)》有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)備(bei)氣三(san)(san)(san)(san)元經》一(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)鏡訣(jue)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)宅》一(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)。《提要》隨(sui)手拾(shi)掇，不完不備(bei)，觀(guan)其(qi)去取，漫(man)無(wu)義例，不知其(qi)何說也(ye)(ye)。至(zhi)于其(qi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)真偽，則《史記·留侯(hou)世家(jia)》明云(yun)：“父(fu)出一(yi)(yi)(yi)編(bian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)曰，讀此則為(wei)(wei)王者(zhe)師矣(yi)。旦(dan)日，觀(guan)其(qi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，乃《太(tai)(tai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)法(fa)》也(ye)(ye)。”使張(zhang)良(liang)(liang)果有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)受(shou)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)事，則其(qi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)當即(ji)在(zai)《太(tai)(tai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)法(fa)》八(ba)十五篇之(zhi)中。蓋(gai)良(liang)(liang)既親受(shou)之(zhi)于老父(fu)，知其(qi)為(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，則其(qi)后(hou)與韓信序次兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)法(fa)，定(ding)著為(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)十五家(jia)，〔事見《漢志(zhi)·兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)略(lve)(lve)》〕自當次入太(tai)(tai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)家(jia)之(zhi)內，不應別有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所謂(wei)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)記》與《三(san)(san)(san)(san)略(lve)(lve)》也(ye)(ye)。使良(liang)(liang)并無(wu)其(qi)事也(ye)(ye)，則即(ji)因《太(tai)(tai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)法(fa)》而(er)附(fu)會，蓋(gai)流(liu)俗人(ren)震于留侯(hou)之(zhi)籌(chou)策如神，因轉相(xiang)傳言，以為(wei)(wei)是(shi)嘗受(shou)太(tai)(tai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于下邳(pi)神人(ren)云(yun)爾，尤不當別有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)此書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)。此其(qi)出于偽作，可據《史記》一(yi)(yi)(yi)言而(er)決，何必更較量其(qi)文義耶？

人物評價

黃(huang)石(shi)公雖然隱居，但內心(xin)一直憂國憂民，就把一生的知(zhi)(zhi)識與(yu)理想傾注在筆墨上。按現(xian)代人的說法，他既是文學家(jia)(jia)(jia)，也(ye)是思想家(jia)(jia)(jia)、軍事家(jia)(jia)(jia)、政治家(jia)(jia)(jia)，神學和(he)天文地理知(zhi)(zhi)識也(ye)相當豐富(fu)。