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人物簡介

黃石公(gong)(gong)，曲(qu)(qu)(qu)陽(yang)(yang)人，春(chun)秋戰國時期諸子(zi)百家的流(liu)派(pai)之(zhi)一，與鬼谷子(zi)齊名。嬰兒(er)時被棄于黃山(shan)，謂之(zhi)黃公(gong)(gong)。他隱(yin)居黃山(shan)著書(shu)立說，留下《太公(gong)(gong)兵(bing)法》(兵(bing)書(shu))、《黃石公(gong)(gong)略》和《雕(diao)刻(ke)天(tian)(tian)書(shu)》。他把(ba)《太公(gong)(gong)兵(bing)法》《黃石公(gong)(gong)略》傳(chuan)給張良，把(ba)《雕(diao)刻(ke)天(tian)(tian)書(shu)》傳(chuan)給曲(qu)(qu)(qu)陽(yang)(yang)的宋天(tian)(tian)昊、楊藝源二位弟子(zi)，才使曲(qu)(qu)(qu)陽(yang)(yang)人學會了雕(diao)刻(ke)，后(hou)來曲(qu)(qu)(qu)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)成為“雕(diao)刻(ke)之(zhi)鄉”，聞名于天(tian)(tian)下。

主要經歷

黃(huang)石(shi)公(gong)，下邳（今(jin)江(jiang)蘇邳縣）人(ren)。世人(ren)稱黃(huang)石(shi)公(gong)“圯上(shang)老人(ren)”、“下邳神人(ren)”。黃(huang)石(shi)公(gong)本(ben)為秦漢時(shi)(shi)人(ren)，后被(bei)道教納入神譜。皇甫謐《高(gao)士(shi)傳》：黃(huang)石(shi)公(gong)者，下邳人(ren)也，遭(zao)秦亂，自隱(yin)姓名(ming)，時(shi)(shi)人(ren)莫知(zhi)者。

黃(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)邳(pi)人(ren)。遇上秦(qin)時(shi)候(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰亂，自己(ji)隱(yin)姓埋名(ming)，當(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)沒有(you)知(zhi)道(dao)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。起初(chu)張(zhang)良(liang)(liang)改名(ming)換(huan)姓，藏(zang)在(zai)(zai)下(xia)邳(pi)，在(zai)(zai)沂水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)橋(qiao)上去(qu)散步游逛時(shi)，遇到一位老人(ren)，還沒有(you)互(hu)相拜(bai)見，黃(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)故意(yi)把鞋(xie)拋到橋(qiao)下(xia)，看著張(zhang)良(liang)(liang)說(shuo)：“小子，下(xia)去(qu)把鞋(xie)取(qu)上來(lai)(lai)(lai)！”張(zhang)良(liang)(liang)預先不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)道(dao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)詐，有(you)些愕然(ran)(ran)想揍他(ta)(ta)；因為(wei)(wei)見他(ta)(ta)年歲大(da)了(le)(le)(le)，才(cai)強忍怒火，下(xia)了(le)(le)(le)橋(qiao)，給(gei)他(ta)(ta)把鞋(xie)取(qu)上來(lai)(lai)(lai)。于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)跪著給(gei)他(ta)(ta)穿上。那位老人(ren)伸出(chu)腳來(lai)(lai)(lai)，讓張(zhang)良(liang)(liang)把鞋(xie)穿好，笑著走了(le)(le)(le)。張(zhang)良(liang)(liang)感到很驚詫。他(ta)(ta)大(da)約(yue)走出(chu)一里(li)遠，又返了(le)(le)(le)回來(lai)(lai)(lai)，對張(zhang)良(liang)(liang)說(shuo)：“年輕人(ren)倒是(shi)(shi)(shi)可以(yi)教(jiao)育的(de)(de)(de)(de)！五(wu)(wu)天(tian)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)清晨(chen)，你在(zai)(zai)這里(li)和我(wo)會面(mian)。”張(zhang)良(liang)(liang)更覺得奇怪(guai)，又跪下(xia)說(shuo)：“是(shi)(shi)(shi)。”五(wu)(wu)天(tian)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)早(zao)晨(chen)，張(zhang)良(liang)(liang)去(qu)了(le)(le)(le)約(yue)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方，黃(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)生氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)：“你與(yu)老人(ren)約(yue)定(ding)，為(wei)(wei)什么后(hou)(hou)來(lai)(lai)(lai)？”再(zai)五(wu)(wu)天(tian)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)早(zao)晨(chen)約(yue)定(ding)，張(zhang)良(liang)(liang)天(tian)不(bu)(bu)亮就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)去(qu)了(le)(le)(le)，黃(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)又早(zao)在(zai)(zai)那里(li)了(le)(le)(le)，又生氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)：“為(wei)(wei)什么晚來(lai)(lai)(lai)？”又五(wu)(wu)天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)早(zao)晨(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)約(yue)定(ding)，張(zhang)良(liang)(liang)半夜就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)去(qu)了(le)(le)(le)。過(guo)了(le)(le)(le)一會，黃(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)也來(lai)(lai)(lai)了(le)(le)(le)，高興的(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)：“孺子可教(jiao)也！”于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)拿出(chu)一本兵(bing)書給(gei)張(zhang)良(liang)(liang)，說(shuo)：“你回去(qu)讀他(ta)(ta)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可以(yi)做帝(di)王的(de)(de)(de)(de)老師(shi)了(le)(le)(le)。十三(san)年之后(hou)(hou)，你見到的(de)(de)(de)(de)濟北谷城(cheng)山下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)石(shi)(shi)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)了(le)(le)(le)。”于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)離(li)去(qu)，看不(bu)(bu)見了(le)(le)(le)。張(zhang)良(liang)(liang)天(tian)亮翻開書一看竟然(ran)(ran)是(shi)(shi)(shi)《太公(gong)(gong)(gong)兵(bing)法》。張(zhang)良(liang)(liang)認為(wei)(wei)這事(shi)很神異，于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)把自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)學說(shuo)四處(chu)游說(shuo)，他(ta)(ta)們都不(bu)(bu)采納。后(hou)(hou)來(lai)(lai)(lai)與(yu)沛公(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)陳留相遇，沛公(gong)(gong)(gong)采納他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)話，最終(zhong)有(you)了(le)(le)(le)功(gong)業。

十(shi)三年后，跟隨高(gao)祖退到濟北谷(gu)城山(shan)（今山(shan)東(dong)省平陰縣東(dong)阿鎮黃山(shan)）下(xia)，得到一(yi)塊黃石，張良(liang)于是像對寶貝似的建(jian)祠供奉起來。一(yi)直(zhi)到張良(liang)死，將他與石頭一(yi)起埋葬了。

主要作品

案黃石公事見《史記》，《三(san)略》之名，始見于《隋書·經籍志》，云下邳神(shen)人撰，成氏注(zhu)。唐宋《藝文(wen)志》所載并同。

嘉(jia)錫(xi)案：《困(kun)學紀(ji)(ji)聞(wen)》卷十云：“魏李蕭遠《運命論(lun)》張良受黃石(shi)之符(fu)，誦《三略》之說，言三略者，始(shi)見于(yu)此。”自注(zhu)云：“漢光武(wu)詔(zhao)引《黃石(shi)公記》，未有《三略》之名。”是則《三略》名之源起，《困(kun)學紀(ji)(ji)聞(wen)》已明(ming)言之，其名初不始(shi)于(yu)《隋經(jing)籍(ji)志》；《紀(ji)(ji)聞(wen)》非僻書，《提要》乃略不一(yi)考(kao)，何(he)也？

相傳其(qi)源出于太公(gong)，圯上老(lao)人以一(yi)(yi)編書(shu)(shu)授張良者，即此。蓋(gai)自(zi)漢(han)(han)以來言(yan)兵法者，往往以黃(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)為名。史志(zhi)所(suo)載，有(you)《黃(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)記》三卷、《黃(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)略(lve)注》三卷、《黃(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)陰謀乘斗(dou)魁(kui)剛行(xing)軍(jun)秘》一(yi)(yi)卷、《黃(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)神光輔星(xing)秘訣》一(yi)(yi)卷。又(you)《兵法》一(yi)(yi)卷、《三鑒圖》一(yi)(yi)卷、《兵書(shu)(shu)統(tong)要(yao)》一(yi)(yi)卷。今(jin)雖多亡佚(yi)，然大抵出于附(fu)會(hui)。是書(shu)(shu)文義不(bu)古，當亦后人所(suo)依托(tuo)。鄭(zheng)瑗《井觀瑣言(yan)》稱其(qi)剽竊老(lao)氏(shi)遺意，迂緩(huan)支離，不(bu)適于用，其(qi)知足戒(jie)貪等語。蓋(gai)因子房之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)哲而(er)為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辭，非子房反有(you)得于此。其(qi)非圯橋授受之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)(shu)，明(ming)甚。然后漢(han)(han)光武帝詔(zhao)書(shu)(shu)引(yin)黃(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)“柔能制剛，弱能制強”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)語，實(shi)出書(shu)(shu)中所(suo)載軍(jun)讖(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文，其(qi)為漢(han)(han)詔(zhao)援據此書(shu)(shu)，或為此書(shu)(shu)剽竊漢(han)(han)詔(zhao)，雖均無可考(kao)，疑以傳疑，亦姑過而(er)存(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焉(yan)。

案史(shi)(shi)志(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)載之(zhi)書(shu)以(yi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)名(ming)者(zhe)，《隋書(shu)·經(jing)(jing)籍志(zhi)(zhi)·兵(bing)(bing)家(jia)(jia)》有(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)內記敵(di)法》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)略(lve)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、〔原(yuan)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)下(xia)邳神(shen)人(ren)撰，成(cheng)氏(shi)(shi)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。梁(liang)又(you)有(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)記》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)，《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)略(lve)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。〕《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)奇法》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、〔原(yuan)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)梁(liang)有(you)(you)《兵(bing)(bing)書(shu)》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。《張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)經(jing)(jing)》與《三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)略(lve)》，往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)同(tong)，亡。〕《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)五壘圖(tu)》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)陰(yin)謀(mou)(mou)行(xing)(xing)軍(jun)秘法》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、〔原(yuan)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)梁(liang)有(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)秘經(jing)(jing)》二卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。〕《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)兵(bing)(bing)書(shu)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。《五行(xing)(xing)家(jia)(jia)》有(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)北(bei)斗(dou)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)奇法》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。《舊(jiu)》《新·唐志(zhi)(zhi)·兵(bing)(bing)家(jia)(jia)》除(chu)(chu)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)略(lve)》、《成(cheng)氏(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)略(lve)訓》〔《舊(jiu)志(zhi)(zhi)》無(wu)成(cheng)氏(shi)(shi)二字〕各三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)外(wai)(wai)，有(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)陰(yin)謀(mou)(mou)乘斗(dou)魁(kui)剛行(xing)(xing)軍(jun)秘》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。〔疑即《隋志(zhi)(zhi)》之(zhi)《陰(yin)謀(mou)(mou)行(xing)(xing)軍(jun)秘法》，而名(ming)不同(tong)。〕《宋史(shi)(shi)·藝文志(zhi)(zhi)·兵(bing)(bing)家(jia)(jia)》除(chu)(chu)《成(cheng)氏(shi)(shi)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)略(lve)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)外(wai)(wai)，有(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)神(shen)光輔星(xing)秘訣(jue)》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)，又(you)《兵(bing)(bing)法》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)鑒圖(tu)》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《兵(bing)(bing)書(shu)統要(yao)(yao)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)略(lve)秘要(yao)(yao)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。《五行(xing)(xing)家(jia)(jia)》有(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)備(bei)氣(qi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)元經(jing)(jing)》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)地鏡訣(jue)》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)宅(zhai)》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。《提要(yao)(yao)》隨(sui)手拾掇，不完不備(bei)，觀其(qi)(qi)去(qu)取，漫(man)無(wu)義例，不知其(qi)(qi)何說也(ye)(ye)。至于其(qi)(qi)書(shu)之(zhi)真偽，則《史(shi)(shi)記·留侯世家(jia)(jia)》明云(yun)：“父出(chu)一(yi)(yi)編書(shu)曰，讀此則為(wei)王者(zhe)師矣。旦日，觀其(qi)(qi)書(shu)，乃《太公(gong)(gong)(gong)兵(bing)(bing)法》也(ye)(ye)。”使(shi)張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)果有(you)(you)受書(shu)之(zhi)事，則其(qi)(qi)書(shu)當即在《太公(gong)(gong)(gong)兵(bing)(bing)法》八十五篇之(zhi)中。蓋良(liang)既親受之(zhi)于老父，知其(qi)(qi)為(wei)太公(gong)(gong)(gong)書(shu)，則其(qi)(qi)后與韓信(xin)序次兵(bing)(bing)法，定著為(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十五家(jia)(jia)，〔事見《漢志(zhi)(zhi)·兵(bing)(bing)書(shu)略(lve)》〕自當次入太公(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)家(jia)(jia)之(zhi)內，不應別有(you)(you)所(suo)謂《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)記》與《三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)略(lve)》也(ye)(ye)。使(shi)良(liang)并無(wu)其(qi)(qi)事也(ye)(ye)，則即因《太公(gong)(gong)(gong)兵(bing)(bing)法》而附會，蓋流俗人(ren)震于留侯之(zhi)籌策如神(shen)，因轉相(xiang)傳言(yan)，以(yi)為(wei)是嘗受太公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)書(shu)于下(xia)邳神(shen)人(ren)云(yun)爾(er)，尤不當別有(you)(you)此書(shu)也(ye)(ye)。此其(qi)(qi)出(chu)于偽作，可據《史(shi)(shi)記》一(yi)(yi)言(yan)而決，何必更較量其(qi)(qi)文義耶？

人物評價

黃石(shi)公(gong)雖然隱居，但內心一(yi)直(zhi)憂國憂民，就把一(yi)生(sheng)的(de)知(zhi)識(shi)與理(li)想傾注在筆墨上。按現代(dai)人的(de)說法，他既是文學家，也(ye)是思想家、軍事家、政(zheng)治家，神(shen)學和天文地理(li)知(zhi)識(shi)也(ye)相當(dang)豐富。