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人物簡介

黃(huang)石公(gong)(gong)，曲陽人(ren)，春(chun)秋戰國時期諸子(zi)百家的流派之一(yi)，與鬼谷子(zi)齊(qi)名(ming)。嬰(ying)兒時被棄(qi)于黃(huang)山，謂之黃(huang)公(gong)(gong)。他隱(yin)居黃(huang)山著(zhu)書立說，留下《太(tai)(tai)公(gong)(gong)兵法》(兵書)、《黃(huang)石公(gong)(gong)略》和《雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)天(tian)書》。他把(ba)《太(tai)(tai)公(gong)(gong)兵法》《黃(huang)石公(gong)(gong)略》傳給(gei)(gei)張良，把(ba)《雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)天(tian)書》傳給(gei)(gei)曲陽的宋天(tian)昊、楊(yang)藝源二位弟子(zi)，才(cai)使曲陽人(ren)學會了雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)，后來曲陽縣成(cheng)為(wei)“雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)之鄉”，聞名(ming)于天(tian)下。

主要經歷

黃石(shi)公，下(xia)邳（今江(jiang)蘇邳縣）人(ren)(ren)。世(shi)人(ren)(ren)稱黃石(shi)公“圯上老(lao)人(ren)(ren)”、“下(xia)邳神人(ren)(ren)”。黃石(shi)公本為秦漢時人(ren)(ren)，后被道教納入(ru)神譜。皇甫謐《高士傳》：黃石(shi)公者，下(xia)邳人(ren)(ren)也(ye)，遭秦亂，自隱姓名(ming)，時人(ren)(ren)莫知者。

黃(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)，是(shi)(shi)下(xia)邳人(ren)(ren)(ren)。遇上秦時(shi)候的(de)(de)(de)戰亂，自己(ji)隱姓埋名(ming)，當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)沒(mei)有知道(dao)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)。起初張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)改(gai)名(ming)換姓，藏在下(xia)邳，在沂水的(de)(de)(de)橋上去(qu)(qu)散步(bu)游逛時(shi)，遇到一位(wei)老人(ren)(ren)(ren)，還沒(mei)有互(hu)相拜見(jian)(jian)(jian)，黃(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)故意把(ba)(ba)鞋(xie)拋到橋下(xia)，看(kan)著張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)說(shuo)：“小子(zi)，下(xia)去(qu)(qu)把(ba)(ba)鞋(xie)取上來(lai)！”張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)預(yu)先不(bu)知道(dao)是(shi)(shi)詐(zha)，有些愕然想揍他(ta)(ta)；因為見(jian)(jian)(jian)他(ta)(ta)年(nian)歲大(da)了(le)(le)(le)(le)，才強忍怒火，下(xia)了(le)(le)(le)(le)橋，給(gei)他(ta)(ta)把(ba)(ba)鞋(xie)取上來(lai)。于是(shi)(shi)就(jiu)跪(gui)著給(gei)他(ta)(ta)穿(chuan)上。那(nei)位(wei)老人(ren)(ren)(ren)伸出腳來(lai)，讓張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)把(ba)(ba)鞋(xie)穿(chuan)好，笑著走(zou)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)感到很驚詫。他(ta)(ta)大(da)約(yue)走(zou)出一里(li)遠，又(you)返了(le)(le)(le)(le)回來(lai)，對(dui)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)說(shuo)：“年(nian)輕人(ren)(ren)(ren)倒是(shi)(shi)可以教(jiao)育的(de)(de)(de)！五(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)晨(chen)(chen)，你在這(zhe)里(li)和我會面(mian)。”張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)更覺(jue)得奇怪(guai)，又(you)跪(gui)下(xia)說(shuo)：“是(shi)(shi)。”五(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)早(zao)晨(chen)(chen)，張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)去(qu)(qu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)約(yue)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)地方，黃(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)生氣的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)：“你與(yu)老人(ren)(ren)(ren)約(yue)定(ding)，為什么后(hou)來(lai)？”再五(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)早(zao)晨(chen)(chen)約(yue)定(ding)，張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)天(tian)(tian)不(bu)亮(liang)(liang)就(jiu)去(qu)(qu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)，黃(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)又(you)早(zao)在那(nei)里(li)了(le)(le)(le)(le)，又(you)生氣的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)：“為什么晚來(lai)？”又(you)五(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)(de)早(zao)晨(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)約(yue)定(ding)，張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)半夜就(jiu)去(qu)(qu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。過了(le)(le)(le)(le)一會，黃(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)也來(lai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)，高興的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)：“孺(ru)子(zi)可教(jiao)也！”于是(shi)(shi)拿出一本兵書(shu)給(gei)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，說(shuo)：“你回去(qu)(qu)讀他(ta)(ta)，就(jiu)可以做帝(di)王(wang)的(de)(de)(de)老師了(le)(le)(le)(le)。十(shi)三年(nian)之后(hou)，你見(jian)(jian)(jian)到的(de)(de)(de)濟北谷城山(shan)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)我了(le)(le)(le)(le)。”于是(shi)(shi)離去(qu)(qu)，看(kan)不(bu)見(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)天(tian)(tian)亮(liang)(liang)翻開書(shu)一看(kan)竟(jing)然是(shi)(shi)《太(tai)公(gong)(gong)兵法》。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)認為這(zhe)事很神異(yi)，于是(shi)(shi)把(ba)(ba)自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)學說(shuo)四處游說(shuo)，他(ta)(ta)們都不(bu)采(cai)納。后(hou)來(lai)與(yu)沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)在陳留相遇，沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)采(cai)納他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)話，最終(zhong)有了(le)(le)(le)(le)功業。

十三年后，跟隨高祖(zu)退到(dao)濟北谷城山（今山東(dong)省(sheng)平陰縣(xian)東(dong)阿鎮(zhen)黃山）下(xia)，得到(dao)一塊黃石(shi)，張良于是像對寶(bao)貝似的建祠供奉起(qi)來。一直到(dao)張良死，將他與(yu)石(shi)頭(tou)一起(qi)埋葬了。

主要作品

案黃石公事見《史記》，《三略》之名，始見于《隋書·經籍志(zhi)》，云下邳神人撰，成氏注。唐宋《藝文志(zhi)》所載并同。

嘉錫(xi)案(an)：《困學(xue)紀聞》卷十云(yun)：“魏李蕭遠《運(yun)命論》張(zhang)良受黃石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)符(fu)，誦《三(san)略》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說，言(yan)三(san)略者，始見(jian)于此。”自注(zhu)云(yun)：“漢光武詔引(yin)《黃石公(gong)記(ji)》，未有(you)《三(san)略》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)。”是則《三(san)略》名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源起，《困學(xue)紀聞》已明言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其名(ming)初(chu)不始于《隋經籍志(zhi)》；《紀聞》非僻書，《提要》乃略不一考(kao)，何(he)也？

相傳(chuan)其(qi)(qi)源出于(yu)(yu)太公，圯(yi)上老人以(yi)(yi)一編書(shu)授張(zhang)良者，即此(ci)。蓋(gai)自漢以(yi)(yi)來(lai)言(yan)兵法(fa)者，往往以(yi)(yi)黃(huang)石公為(wei)名。史志所載，有(you)《黃(huang)石公記(ji)》三(san)卷(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)石公略(lve)注》三(san)卷(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)石公陰(yin)謀乘斗(dou)魁剛(gang)行(xing)軍(jun)秘》一卷(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)石公神光輔星(xing)秘訣》一卷(juan)(juan)。又(you)《兵法(fa)》一卷(juan)(juan)、《三(san)鑒圖》一卷(juan)(juan)、《兵書(shu)統要》一卷(juan)(juan)。今雖(sui)(sui)多亡佚，然(ran)大抵出于(yu)(yu)附會(hui)。是書(shu)文(wen)義不古，當亦后人所依托(tuo)。鄭(zheng)瑗《井(jing)觀瑣言(yan)》稱其(qi)(qi)剽(piao)(piao)竊老氏遺(yi)意，迂(yu)緩(huan)支離，不適于(yu)(yu)用(yong)，其(qi)(qi)知足(zu)戒貪等(deng)語(yu)。蓋(gai)因(yin)子房之(zhi)明(ming)哲(zhe)而為(wei)之(zhi)辭，非(fei)子房反有(you)得(de)于(yu)(yu)此(ci)。其(qi)(qi)非(fei)圯(yi)橋授受之(zhi)書(shu)，明(ming)甚(shen)。然(ran)后漢光武帝詔(zhao)書(shu)引黃(huang)石公“柔能制剛(gang)，弱能制強”之(zhi)語(yu)，實(shi)出書(shu)中所載軍(jun)讖之(zhi)文(wen)，其(qi)(qi)為(wei)漢詔(zhao)援據此(ci)書(shu)，或為(wei)此(ci)書(shu)剽(piao)(piao)竊漢詔(zhao)，雖(sui)(sui)均無(wu)可(ke)考，疑以(yi)(yi)傳(chuan)疑，亦姑過而存之(zhi)焉。

案史志所載之(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)(shu)以(yi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)名者(zhe)(zhe)，《隋書(shu)(shu)·經(jing)籍(ji)志·兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)家(jia)(jia)(jia)》有(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)內記(ji)(ji)敵(di)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)略》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、〔原注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)下邳(pi)神(shen)人(ren)撰，成(cheng)氏注(zhu)(zhu)。梁又有(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)記(ji)(ji)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)，《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)略注(zhu)(zhu)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。〕《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)奇法(fa)(fa)(fa)》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、〔原注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)梁有(you)(you)《兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)書(shu)(shu)》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。《張(zhang)良經(jing)》與《三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)略》，往往同(tong)，亡。〕《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)五(wu)(wu)(wu)壘圖》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)陰謀行軍(jun)秘(mi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、〔原注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)梁有(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)秘(mi)經(jing)》二(er)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。〕《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)書(shu)(shu)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。《五(wu)(wu)(wu)行家(jia)(jia)(jia)》有(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)北斗(dou)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)奇法(fa)(fa)(fa)》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。《舊(jiu)》《新(xin)·唐(tang)志·兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)家(jia)(jia)(jia)》除《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)略》、《成(cheng)氏三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)略訓》〔《舊(jiu)志》無(wu)成(cheng)氏二(er)字(zi)〕各(ge)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)外，有(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)陰謀乘(cheng)斗(dou)魁(kui)剛行軍(jun)秘(mi)》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。〔疑即《隋志》之(zhi)(zhi)《陰謀行軍(jun)秘(mi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》，而名不(bu)同(tong)。〕《宋史·藝文志·兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)家(jia)(jia)(jia)》除《成(cheng)氏注(zhu)(zhu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)略》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)外，有(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)神(shen)光(guang)輔星秘(mi)訣》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)，又《兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)鑒圖》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)書(shu)(shu)統(tong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)略秘(mi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。《五(wu)(wu)(wu)行家(jia)(jia)(jia)》有(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)備氣三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)元經(jing)》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)鏡(jing)訣》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)宅》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。《提要(yao)(yao)(yao)》隨手拾掇，不(bu)完不(bu)備，觀其(qi)去取，漫無(wu)義(yi)例，不(bu)知其(qi)何說也(ye)。至于(yu)其(qi)書(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)真偽，則(ze)《史記(ji)(ji)·留(liu)(liu)侯(hou)世家(jia)(jia)(jia)》明云(yun)：“父(fu)出一(yi)(yi)編書(shu)(shu)曰，讀此(ci)則(ze)為(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)師矣。旦日(ri)，觀其(qi)書(shu)(shu)，乃《太(tai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》也(ye)。”使(shi)張(zhang)良果有(you)(you)受書(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)事，則(ze)其(qi)書(shu)(shu)當即在(zai)《太(tai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》八十五(wu)(wu)(wu)篇(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)中。蓋良既(ji)親(qin)受之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)老(lao)父(fu)，知其(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)書(shu)(shu)，則(ze)其(qi)后與韓信序次兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，定著(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十五(wu)(wu)(wu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)，〔事見《漢志·兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)書(shu)(shu)略》〕自(zi)當次入太(tai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)內，不(bu)應別有(you)(you)所謂《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)記(ji)(ji)》與《三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)略》也(ye)。使(shi)良并無(wu)其(qi)事也(ye)，則(ze)即因《太(tai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》而附會，蓋流俗人(ren)震于(yu)留(liu)(liu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)籌策(ce)如神(shen)，因轉相傳言，以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)是嘗(chang)受太(tai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)(shu)于(yu)下邳(pi)神(shen)人(ren)云(yun)爾，尤不(bu)當別有(you)(you)此(ci)書(shu)(shu)也(ye)。此(ci)其(qi)出于(yu)偽作，可據(ju)《史記(ji)(ji)》一(yi)(yi)言而決，何必更較量其(qi)文義(yi)耶(ye)？

人物評價

黃石公雖然隱居，但內心(xin)一(yi)直憂(you)國憂(you)民，就把一(yi)生的(de)知(zhi)識與理想(xiang)傾注(zhu)在筆墨上。按現代人的(de)說法，他既是文(wen)學家，也(ye)是思想(xiang)家、軍事家、政治家，神學和天文(wen)地理知(zhi)識也(ye)相當豐富。