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人物簡介

黃(huang)石(shi)公(gong)(gong)，曲(qu)陽(yang)人，春秋戰(zhan)國時(shi)期諸子(zi)百家的流派之(zhi)一，與(yu)鬼谷(gu)子(zi)齊(qi)名。嬰兒時(shi)被(bei)棄于(yu)黃(huang)山，謂之(zhi)黃(huang)公(gong)(gong)。他隱居黃(huang)山著(zhu)書立說，留下(xia)《太(tai)公(gong)(gong)兵法》(兵書)、《黃(huang)石(shi)公(gong)(gong)略(lve)》和《雕(diao)刻天(tian)書》。他把《太(tai)公(gong)(gong)兵法》《黃(huang)石(shi)公(gong)(gong)略(lve)》傳給張良(liang)，把《雕(diao)刻天(tian)書》傳給曲(qu)陽(yang)的宋天(tian)昊、楊藝源二位弟子(zi)，才使曲(qu)陽(yang)人學(xue)會(hui)了雕(diao)刻，后(hou)來(lai)曲(qu)陽(yang)縣成(cheng)為(wei)“雕(diao)刻之(zhi)鄉”，聞名于(yu)天(tian)下(xia)。

主要經歷

黃石(shi)(shi)(shi)公，下邳(pi)（今江蘇(su)邳(pi)縣(xian)）人(ren)。世(shi)人(ren)稱黃石(shi)(shi)(shi)公“圯上(shang)老人(ren)”、“下邳(pi)神人(ren)”。黃石(shi)(shi)(shi)公本為秦漢時(shi)人(ren)，后(hou)被(bei)道教納(na)入(ru)神譜(pu)。皇甫謐《高士傳(chuan)》：黃石(shi)(shi)(shi)公者(zhe)(zhe)，下邳(pi)人(ren)也(ye)，遭秦亂(luan)，自隱(yin)姓名，時(shi)人(ren)莫知者(zhe)(zhe)。

黃(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)公(gong)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)邳(pi)人(ren)(ren)。遇(yu)上(shang)秦時(shi)候的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰亂，自己(ji)隱姓埋名(ming)，當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)知(zhi)道他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。起初張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)改名(ming)換姓，藏在(zai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)邳(pi)，在(zai)沂(yi)水的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橋(qiao)上(shang)去散步游逛(guang)時(shi)，遇(yu)到(dao)(dao)一(yi)位老人(ren)(ren)，還(huan)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)互相(xiang)拜見，黃(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)公(gong)故意把(ba)鞋(xie)拋到(dao)(dao)橋(qiao)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，看著張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)說(shuo)：“小子(zi)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)去把(ba)鞋(xie)取(qu)上(shang)來(lai)(lai)！”張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)預(yu)先不知(zhi)道是(shi)(shi)(shi)詐，有(you)(you)(you)些愕然想揍他(ta)(ta)(ta)；因為(wei)(wei)見他(ta)(ta)(ta)年歲大了(le)(le)(le)(le)，才(cai)強忍怒火，下(xia)(xia)(xia)了(le)(le)(le)(le)橋(qiao)，給他(ta)(ta)(ta)把(ba)鞋(xie)取(qu)上(shang)來(lai)(lai)。于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)跪著給他(ta)(ta)(ta)穿(chuan)上(shang)。那(nei)位老人(ren)(ren)伸出腳(jiao)來(lai)(lai)，讓張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)把(ba)鞋(xie)穿(chuan)好，笑著走(zou)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)感(gan)到(dao)(dao)很(hen)驚詫。他(ta)(ta)(ta)大約走(zou)出一(yi)里(li)遠，又(you)返了(le)(le)(le)(le)回(hui)來(lai)(lai)，對張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)說(shuo)：“年輕(qing)人(ren)(ren)倒是(shi)(shi)(shi)可以(yi)教(jiao)育的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)！五(wu)天(tian)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清晨(chen)，你(ni)在(zai)這里(li)和我會(hui)面。”張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)更覺得奇(qi)怪(guai)，又(you)跪下(xia)(xia)(xia)說(shuo)：“是(shi)(shi)(shi)。”五(wu)天(tian)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早(zao)晨(chen)，張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)去了(le)(le)(le)(le)約定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方，黃(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)公(gong)生氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)：“你(ni)與老人(ren)(ren)約定(ding)(ding)，為(wei)(wei)什么(me)后來(lai)(lai)？”再五(wu)天(tian)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早(zao)晨(chen)約定(ding)(ding)，張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)天(tian)不亮就(jiu)(jiu)去了(le)(le)(le)(le)，黃(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)公(gong)又(you)早(zao)在(zai)那(nei)里(li)了(le)(le)(le)(le)，又(you)生氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)：“為(wei)(wei)什么(me)晚(wan)來(lai)(lai)？”又(you)五(wu)天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早(zao)晨(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)約定(ding)(ding)，張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)半夜就(jiu)(jiu)去了(le)(le)(le)(le)。過(guo)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)會(hui)，黃(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)公(gong)也來(lai)(lai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)，高興的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)：“孺(ru)子(zi)可教(jiao)也！”于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)拿出一(yi)本(ben)兵(bing)書給張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)，說(shuo)：“你(ni)回(hui)去讀(du)他(ta)(ta)(ta)，就(jiu)(jiu)可以(yi)做帝王的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老師了(le)(le)(le)(le)。十三年之后，你(ni)見到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濟北谷城(cheng)山下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)我了(le)(le)(le)(le)。”于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)離去，看不見了(le)(le)(le)(le)。張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)天(tian)亮翻開書一(yi)看竟然是(shi)(shi)(shi)《太(tai)公(gong)兵(bing)法》。張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)認為(wei)(wei)這事(shi)很(hen)神(shen)異，于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)把(ba)自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學說(shuo)四(si)處游說(shuo)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)們都不采納(na)。后來(lai)(lai)與沛(pei)公(gong)在(zai)陳留相(xiang)遇(yu)，沛(pei)公(gong)采納(na)他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話，最(zui)終有(you)(you)(you)了(le)(le)(le)(le)功業。

十三(san)年后，跟(gen)隨(sui)高(gao)祖退到濟(ji)北(bei)谷城山(shan)（今山(shan)東省平陰縣東阿(a)鎮黃山(shan)）下，得到一塊黃石，張(zhang)良(liang)于(yu)是像對(dui)寶(bao)貝(bei)似的(de)建祠(ci)供奉起來(lai)。一直到張(zhang)良(liang)死，將他與石頭(tou)一起埋葬(zang)了。

主要作品

案黃石公事見《史記》，《三(san)略》之名，始見于《隋書·經籍志》，云下邳(pi)神人撰，成氏注(zhu)。唐宋《藝文(wen)志》所載(zai)并同。

嘉錫案：《困(kun)學(xue)紀聞(wen)》卷十云(yun)：“魏李蕭遠《運(yun)命(ming)論》張良受(shou)黃(huang)石之(zhi)符，誦《三(san)(san)(san)略》之(zhi)說，言三(san)(san)(san)略者(zhe)，始(shi)見于(yu)此。”自注云(yun)：“漢光武(wu)詔引《黃(huang)石公記》，未有(you)《三(san)(san)(san)略》之(zhi)名。”是則《三(san)(san)(san)略》名之(zhi)源起，《困(kun)學(xue)紀聞(wen)》已明言之(zhi)，其(qi)名初不始(shi)于(yu)《隋(sui)經(jing)籍志》；《紀聞(wen)》非僻書，《提要》乃略不一考(kao)，何也？

相傳(chuan)其(qi)源出于太公(gong)，圯上老(lao)人以(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)編書(shu)(shu)授張(zhang)良者，即此(ci)。蓋自(zi)漢(han)以(yi)來言兵法(fa)者，往(wang)往(wang)以(yi)黃石(shi)公(gong)為(wei)名。史志所載(zai)，有《黃石(shi)公(gong)記》三(san)卷(juan)、《黃石(shi)公(gong)略注》三(san)卷(juan)、《黃石(shi)公(gong)陰謀(mou)乘斗(dou)魁(kui)剛行軍秘》一(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)、《黃石(shi)公(gong)神光輔星秘訣》一(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)。又《兵法(fa)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)、《三(san)鑒圖》一(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)、《兵書(shu)(shu)統(tong)要》一(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)。今(jin)雖(sui)多亡佚，然(ran)(ran)大(da)抵出于附會。是書(shu)(shu)文義不古(gu)，當亦(yi)后(hou)人所依托(tuo)。鄭瑗《井觀(guan)瑣言》稱其(qi)剽竊老(lao)氏(shi)遺意(yi)，迂緩支(zhi)離，不適于用(yong)，其(qi)知足(zu)戒貪等語。蓋因子房之明哲而為(wei)之辭，非(fei)子房反有得(de)于此(ci)。其(qi)非(fei)圯橋授受(shou)之書(shu)(shu)，明甚。然(ran)(ran)后(hou)漢(han)光武帝詔(zhao)(zhao)書(shu)(shu)引黃石(shi)公(gong)“柔能(neng)制(zhi)剛，弱(ruo)能(neng)制(zhi)強(qiang)”之語，實出書(shu)(shu)中所載(zai)軍讖之文，其(qi)為(wei)漢(han)詔(zhao)(zhao)援據此(ci)書(shu)(shu)，或為(wei)此(ci)書(shu)(shu)剽竊漢(han)詔(zhao)(zhao)，雖(sui)均無可考(kao)，疑以(yi)傳(chuan)疑，亦(yi)姑過(guo)而存(cun)之焉。

案史(shi)志(zhi)所(suo)載之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)以(yi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)名(ming)者，《隋書(shu)·經籍(ji)志(zhi)·兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)家(jia)(jia)》有(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)內記敵法(fa)(fa)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)略(lve)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、〔原(yuan)注(zhu)(zhu)云下邳(pi)神人(ren)撰，成(cheng)(cheng)氏(shi)(shi)注(zhu)(zhu)。梁又有(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)記》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)，《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)略(lve)注(zhu)(zhu)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。〕《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)奇法(fa)(fa)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、〔原(yuan)注(zhu)(zhu)云梁有(you)《兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)書(shu)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。《張良經》與《三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)略(lve)》，往往同(tong)，亡。〕《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)五(wu)壘圖》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)陰謀(mou)行(xing)(xing)軍秘(mi)法(fa)(fa)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、〔原(yuan)注(zhu)(zhu)云梁有(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)秘(mi)經》二卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。〕《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)書(shu)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。《五(wu)行(xing)(xing)家(jia)(jia)》有(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)北(bei)斗三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)奇法(fa)(fa)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。《舊》《新·唐(tang)志(zhi)·兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)家(jia)(jia)》除(chu)(chu)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)略(lve)》、《成(cheng)(cheng)氏(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)略(lve)訓》〔《舊志(zhi)》無成(cheng)(cheng)氏(shi)(shi)二字〕各三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)外(wai)，有(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)陰謀(mou)乘斗魁剛行(xing)(xing)軍秘(mi)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。〔疑即(ji)《隋志(zhi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《陰謀(mou)行(xing)(xing)軍秘(mi)法(fa)(fa)》，而(er)(er)名(ming)不(bu)同(tong)。〕《宋史(shi)·藝(yi)文(wen)志(zhi)·兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)家(jia)(jia)》除(chu)(chu)《成(cheng)(cheng)氏(shi)(shi)注(zhu)(zhu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)略(lve)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)外(wai)，有(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)神光輔星(xing)秘(mi)訣(jue)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)，又《兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)法(fa)(fa)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)鑒(jian)圖》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)書(shu)統(tong)要(yao)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)略(lve)秘(mi)要(yao)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。《五(wu)行(xing)(xing)家(jia)(jia)》有(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)備氣三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)元(yuan)經》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)鏡(jing)訣(jue)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)宅》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。《提要(yao)》隨(sui)手拾掇，不(bu)完不(bu)備，觀其(qi)去(qu)取，漫無義例，不(bu)知其(qi)何(he)說(shuo)也(ye)。至于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)書(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)真(zhen)偽(wei)，則(ze)《史(shi)記·留(liu)侯世(shi)家(jia)(jia)》明云：“父出(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)編書(shu)曰，讀此(ci)則(ze)為(wei)王者師矣。旦日(ri)，觀其(qi)書(shu)，乃(nai)《太(tai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)法(fa)(fa)》也(ye)。”使張良果有(you)受(shou)書(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，則(ze)其(qi)書(shu)當即(ji)在《太(tai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)法(fa)(fa)》八十五(wu)篇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中。蓋(gai)良既親(qin)受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)老父，知其(qi)為(wei)太(tai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)書(shu)，則(ze)其(qi)后與韓信序次兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)法(fa)(fa)，定著為(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十五(wu)家(jia)(jia)，〔事(shi)見《漢(han)志(zhi)·兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)書(shu)略(lve)》〕自當次入太(tai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)家(jia)(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內，不(bu)應別(bie)有(you)所(suo)謂《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)記》與《三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)略(lve)》也(ye)。使良并無其(qi)事(shi)也(ye)，則(ze)即(ji)因《太(tai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)法(fa)(fa)》而(er)(er)附會，蓋(gai)流俗人(ren)震(zhen)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)留(liu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)籌策如神，因轉相傳言，以(yi)為(wei)是嘗(chang)受(shou)太(tai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)下邳(pi)神人(ren)云爾，尤不(bu)當別(bie)有(you)此(ci)書(shu)也(ye)。此(ci)其(qi)出(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)偽(wei)作，可據(ju)《史(shi)記》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言而(er)(er)決，何(he)必更較量(liang)其(qi)文(wen)義耶(ye)？

人物評價

黃石公雖然隱居，但內(nei)心一直憂(you)(you)國憂(you)(you)民，就把一生(sheng)的知(zhi)識與理想傾注在(zai)筆墨上。按(an)現代人(ren)的說法，他既(ji)是文學(xue)家，也是思想家、軍事家、政治家，神學(xue)和天文地理知(zhi)識也相(xiang)當豐(feng)富。