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人物簡介

黃(huang)(huang)石(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)，曲陽(yang)(yang)人(ren)，春(chun)秋戰國時期諸子(zi)百家(jia)的(de)流派之(zhi)(zhi)一，與鬼谷子(zi)齊名。嬰(ying)兒時被棄于黃(huang)(huang)山，謂之(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。他隱居黃(huang)(huang)山著書立(li)說(shuo)，留(liu)下《太公(gong)(gong)(gong)兵法(fa)》(兵書)、《黃(huang)(huang)石(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)略(lve)》和《雕(diao)(diao)刻天書》。他把《太公(gong)(gong)(gong)兵法(fa)》《黃(huang)(huang)石(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)略(lve)》傳(chuan)給張良，把《雕(diao)(diao)刻天書》傳(chuan)給曲陽(yang)(yang)的(de)宋天昊、楊藝(yi)源二位(wei)弟子(zi)，才(cai)使曲陽(yang)(yang)人(ren)學會了雕(diao)(diao)刻，后來曲陽(yang)(yang)縣成為“雕(diao)(diao)刻之(zhi)(zhi)鄉(xiang)”，聞名于天下。

主要經歷

黃石(shi)公，下邳(pi)（今江蘇邳(pi)縣）人。世(shi)人稱黃石(shi)公“圯上老(lao)人”、“下邳(pi)神人”。黃石(shi)公本為(wei)秦漢(han)時(shi)人，后(hou)被道教納(na)入神譜。皇(huang)甫(fu)謐(mi)《高士傳》：黃石(shi)公者，下邳(pi)人也(ye)，遭秦亂，自隱姓名(ming)，時(shi)人莫(mo)知者。

黃石(shi)(shi)公(gong)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)邳人(ren)(ren)。遇上秦時候(hou)的(de)(de)戰亂，自己(ji)隱(yin)姓埋名，當時的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)沒(mei)有(you)知道他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)。起初張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)改名換姓，藏在(zai)下(xia)邳，在(zai)沂(yi)水的(de)(de)橋(qiao)(qiao)上去(qu)(qu)散步游逛時，遇到(dao)一(yi)位(wei)老(lao)人(ren)(ren)，還沒(mei)有(you)互(hu)相拜見，黃石(shi)(shi)公(gong)故意把(ba)(ba)鞋(xie)拋到(dao)橋(qiao)(qiao)下(xia)，看(kan)著張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)說(shuo)(shuo)：“小子(zi)，下(xia)去(qu)(qu)把(ba)(ba)鞋(xie)取上來！”張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)預先不(bu)(bu)知道是(shi)(shi)(shi)詐(zha)，有(you)些愕(e)然(ran)想揍他(ta)(ta)；因為(wei)見他(ta)(ta)年(nian)歲大了(le)(le)(le)(le)，才強忍(ren)怒火(huo)，下(xia)了(le)(le)(le)(le)橋(qiao)(qiao)，給他(ta)(ta)把(ba)(ba)鞋(xie)取上來。于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)就(jiu)跪著給他(ta)(ta)穿(chuan)上。那(nei)位(wei)老(lao)人(ren)(ren)伸出(chu)腳來，讓張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)把(ba)(ba)鞋(xie)穿(chuan)好，笑(xiao)著走(zou)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)感到(dao)很驚詫(cha)。他(ta)(ta)大約(yue)(yue)(yue)走(zou)出(chu)一(yi)里遠，又(you)返(fan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)回(hui)來，對張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)說(shuo)(shuo)：“年(nian)輕人(ren)(ren)倒是(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)以教育(yu)的(de)(de)！五(wu)天(tian)后的(de)(de)清晨，你在(zai)這里和我(wo)會面。”張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)更覺得奇怪(guai)，又(you)跪下(xia)說(shuo)(shuo)：“是(shi)(shi)(shi)。”五(wu)天(tian)后的(de)(de)早晨，張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)去(qu)(qu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)約(yue)(yue)(yue)定的(de)(de)地方，黃石(shi)(shi)公(gong)生(sheng)氣(qi)的(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)：“你與老(lao)人(ren)(ren)約(yue)(yue)(yue)定，為(wei)什么后來？”再五(wu)天(tian)后的(de)(de)早晨約(yue)(yue)(yue)定，張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)天(tian)不(bu)(bu)亮就(jiu)去(qu)(qu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)，黃石(shi)(shi)公(gong)又(you)早在(zai)那(nei)里了(le)(le)(le)(le)，又(you)生(sheng)氣(qi)的(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)：“為(wei)什么晚來？”又(you)五(wu)天(tian)的(de)(de)早晨的(de)(de)約(yue)(yue)(yue)定，張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)半夜就(jiu)去(qu)(qu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。過了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)會，黃石(shi)(shi)公(gong)也(ye)來了(le)(le)(le)(le)，高興的(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)：“孺子(zi)可(ke)教也(ye)！”于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)拿(na)出(chu)一(yi)本兵書給張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)，說(shuo)(shuo)：“你回(hui)去(qu)(qu)讀(du)他(ta)(ta)，就(jiu)可(ke)以做帝(di)王的(de)(de)老(lao)師了(le)(le)(le)(le)。十三(san)年(nian)之后，你見到(dao)的(de)(de)濟北谷城山下(xia)的(de)(de)黃石(shi)(shi)，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。”于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)離(li)去(qu)(qu)，看(kan)不(bu)(bu)見了(le)(le)(le)(le)。張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)天(tian)亮翻(fan)開書一(yi)看(kan)竟然(ran)是(shi)(shi)(shi)《太公(gong)兵法》。張(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)認(ren)為(wei)這事很神異，于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)把(ba)(ba)自己(ji)的(de)(de)學(xue)說(shuo)(shuo)四處游說(shuo)(shuo)，他(ta)(ta)們都不(bu)(bu)采納。后來與沛公(gong)在(zai)陳留相遇，沛公(gong)采納他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)話，最終有(you)了(le)(le)(le)(le)功(gong)業。

十三年(nian)后，跟隨高祖(zu)退(tui)到(dao)濟(ji)北谷城山(shan)（今山(shan)東省平陰縣東阿鎮(zhen)黃山(shan)）下，得(de)到(dao)一塊黃石，張(zhang)良(liang)于是像對(dui)寶(bao)貝似的建祠供奉起(qi)來。一直到(dao)張(zhang)良(liang)死，將他(ta)與(yu)石頭一起(qi)埋葬了。

主要作品

案黃石公(gong)事見《史記(ji)》，《三略》之名，始(shi)見于《隋書·經籍志(zhi)》，云下邳神人撰(zhuan)，成氏注。唐宋《藝文志(zhi)》所(suo)載并同。

嘉錫案(an)：《困學(xue)紀(ji)聞》卷十云：“魏李蕭(xiao)遠(yuan)《運命論》張良受黃石之(zhi)符，誦《三略(lve)》之(zhi)說，言(yan)三略(lve)者，始見(jian)于(yu)此。”自(zi)注云：“漢光武(wu)詔引(yin)《黃石公記》，未(wei)有《三略(lve)》之(zhi)名。”是則《三略(lve)》名之(zhi)源起，《困學(xue)紀(ji)聞》已明(ming)言(yan)之(zhi)，其名初(chu)不(bu)始于(yu)《隋經籍(ji)志》；《紀(ji)聞》非僻書，《提要》乃(nai)略(lve)不(bu)一(yi)考(kao)，何也？

相傳(chuan)其(qi)源出于(yu)(yu)太公(gong)，圯上老人以一(yi)編書(shu)(shu)(shu)授張(zhang)良者(zhe)，即此(ci)。蓋(gai)(gai)自漢(han)以來言(yan)兵法者(zhe)，往往以黃(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)為(wei)(wei)名。史志所載(zai)，有《黃(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)記》三(san)卷(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)略注》三(san)卷(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)陰謀乘斗魁剛(gang)行(xing)軍(jun)秘》一(yi)卷(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)神光輔(fu)星秘訣》一(yi)卷(juan)(juan)。又《兵法》一(yi)卷(juan)(juan)、《三(san)鑒圖》一(yi)卷(juan)(juan)、《兵書(shu)(shu)(shu)統要(yao)》一(yi)卷(juan)(juan)。今雖多亡佚，然(ran)大抵出于(yu)(yu)附(fu)會。是書(shu)(shu)(shu)文(wen)義不古，當亦后人所依托。鄭瑗(yuan)《井觀瑣言(yan)》稱其(qi)剽(piao)(piao)竊老氏遺意，迂緩支離，不適于(yu)(yu)用，其(qi)知足戒貪等語(yu)。蓋(gai)(gai)因子(zi)(zi)房之明(ming)哲而為(wei)(wei)之辭，非子(zi)(zi)房反(fan)有得于(yu)(yu)此(ci)。其(qi)非圯橋授受之書(shu)(shu)(shu)，明(ming)甚。然(ran)后漢(han)光武(wu)帝(di)詔(zhao)書(shu)(shu)(shu)引黃(huang)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)“柔(rou)能制剛(gang)，弱(ruo)能制強”之語(yu)，實出書(shu)(shu)(shu)中所載(zai)軍(jun)讖(chen)之文(wen)，其(qi)為(wei)(wei)漢(han)詔(zhao)援據此(ci)書(shu)(shu)(shu)，或為(wei)(wei)此(ci)書(shu)(shu)(shu)剽(piao)(piao)竊漢(han)詔(zhao)，雖均無可(ke)考，疑以傳(chuan)疑，亦姑過而存之焉。

案史志(zhi)所載之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)以(yi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為名(ming)者，《隋(sui)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·經(jing)(jing)籍志(zhi)·兵家(jia)(jia)》有(you)(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)內記(ji)敵法(fa)(fa)(fa)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)(san)略(lve)》三(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、〔原注(zhu)云(yun)下(xia)邳(pi)神人(ren)撰，成氏(shi)注(zhu)。梁又有(you)(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)記(ji)》三(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)，《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)略(lve)注(zhu)》三(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。〕《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)(san)奇法(fa)(fa)(fa)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、〔原注(zhu)云(yun)梁有(you)(you)(you)《兵書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。《張(zhang)良(liang)(liang)經(jing)(jing)》與《三(san)(san)(san)略(lve)》，往(wang)往(wang)同(tong)(tong)，亡。〕《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)五(wu)壘圖》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)陰謀行(xing)(xing)軍(jun)秘(mi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、〔原注(zhu)云(yun)梁有(you)(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)秘(mi)經(jing)(jing)》二(er)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。〕《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兵書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》三(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。《五(wu)行(xing)(xing)家(jia)(jia)》有(you)(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)北斗(dou)三(san)(san)(san)奇法(fa)(fa)(fa)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。《舊(jiu)》《新·唐志(zhi)·兵家(jia)(jia)》除《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)(san)略(lve)》、《成氏(shi)三(san)(san)(san)略(lve)訓》〔《舊(jiu)志(zhi)》無(wu)成氏(shi)二(er)字〕各(ge)三(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)外(wai)，有(you)(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)陰謀乘(cheng)斗(dou)魁(kui)剛行(xing)(xing)軍(jun)秘(mi)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。〔疑即(ji)《隋(sui)志(zhi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《陰謀行(xing)(xing)軍(jun)秘(mi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》，而(er)名(ming)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)。〕《宋(song)史·藝(yi)文志(zhi)·兵家(jia)(jia)》除《成氏(shi)注(zhu)三(san)(san)(san)略(lve)》三(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)外(wai)，有(you)(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)神光(guang)輔星秘(mi)訣(jue)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)，又《兵法(fa)(fa)(fa)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《三(san)(san)(san)鑒(jian)圖》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《兵書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)統(tong)要(yao)》三(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《三(san)(san)(san)略(lve)秘(mi)要(yao)》三(san)(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。《五(wu)行(xing)(xing)家(jia)(jia)》有(you)(you)(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)備氣三(san)(san)(san)元經(jing)(jing)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地鏡(jing)訣(jue)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)宅》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。《提要(yao)》隨手拾掇，不(bu)(bu)完(wan)不(bu)(bu)備，觀(guan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)去取，漫無(wu)義例，不(bu)(bu)知其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)何(he)說也(ye)(ye)。至于(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)真偽(wei)，則(ze)(ze)《史記(ji)·留侯世(shi)家(jia)(jia)》明云(yun)：“父出一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)編書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)曰，讀此(ci)則(ze)(ze)為王者師矣。旦(dan)日(ri)，觀(guan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，乃《太公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兵法(fa)(fa)(fa)》也(ye)(ye)。”使張(zhang)良(liang)(liang)果有(you)(you)(you)受(shou)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，則(ze)(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)當即(ji)在《太公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兵法(fa)(fa)(fa)》八十(shi)五(wu)篇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中。蓋(gai)良(liang)(liang)既(ji)親(qin)受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)老父，知其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為太公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，則(ze)(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后與韓信序次兵法(fa)(fa)(fa)，定著為三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)五(wu)家(jia)(jia)，〔事(shi)見《漢志(zhi)·兵書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)略(lve)》〕自(zi)當次入(ru)太公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)家(jia)(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內，不(bu)(bu)應別(bie)有(you)(you)(you)所謂《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)記(ji)》與《三(san)(san)(san)略(lve)》也(ye)(ye)。使良(liang)(liang)并無(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)，則(ze)(ze)即(ji)因《太公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兵法(fa)(fa)(fa)》而(er)附(fu)會，蓋(gai)流俗(su)人(ren)震于(yu)留侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)籌(chou)策如神，因轉相傳言，以(yi)為是嘗受(shou)太公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于(yu)下(xia)邳(pi)神人(ren)云(yun)爾(er)，尤(you)不(bu)(bu)當別(bie)有(you)(you)(you)此(ci)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)出于(yu)偽(wei)作，可據《史記(ji)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言而(er)決，何(he)必更較量其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文義耶？

人物評價

黃石公雖然隱居，但(dan)內(nei)心一直憂(you)國憂(you)民(min)，就把一生(sheng)的知(zhi)(zhi)識與理想(xiang)傾注在筆墨(mo)上(shang)。按現(xian)代人的說(shuo)法，他既是文學家(jia)，也(ye)是思想(xiang)家(jia)、軍(jun)事(shi)家(jia)、政(zheng)治(zhi)家(jia)，神學和(he)天文地理知(zhi)(zhi)識也(ye)相當(dang)豐富。