保生大帝(di):福建閩南、廣(guang)東潮汕地(di)(di)區(qu)、中國臺灣地(di)(di)區(qu)及(ji)東南亞華人(ren)所信奉的(de)道(dao)教(jiao)神祇(zhi),俗稱大道(dao)公(gong)、吳真人(ren)、花橋公(gong)。
據(ju)文(wen)獻(xian)記(ji)載(zai),保生大帝(di)為(wei)北(bei)宋(song)閩南人士,本(ben)名(ming)吳本(ben),字(zi)華基(ji),別號(hao)云衷。生于(yu)979年(nian)(宋(song)太宗(zong)太平興(xing)國四年(nian))三月十五日,卒于(yu)1036年(nian)(宋(song)仁宗(zong)景佑(you)三年(nian))五月初(chu)二,于(yu)采藥之(zhi)時(shi),羽化飛升。吳夲年(nian)少就離開(kai)石(shi)門村,到青礁(jiao)修(xiu)道(dao),并以白礁(jiao)、青礁(jiao)為(wei)根據(ju)地(di)行醫為(wei)民治(zhi)病(bing)。
白(bai)(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)慈濟(ji)(ji)宮(gong)(皇帝最早欽賜(si)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造規格最高(gao)(gao)的五(wu)(wu)門宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu))位于(yu)漳(zhang)州臺(tai)(tai)(tai)商投(tou)資區(qu)白(bai)(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)村,面臨九(jiu)龍江(jiang),背靠文(wen)圃山(shan)(shan)。祀(si)奉保生大(da)帝、北(bei)宋(song)名醫吳夲。白(bai)(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)村前(qian)滔滔九(jiu)龍江(jiang)水融(rong)注(zhu)入海(hai),潮(chao)(chao)起潮(chao)(chao)落漸成(cheng)5條港叉(cha),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)白(bai)(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)漁舟出(chu)(chu)入港道。吳真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)童年(nian)(nian),隨父吳通出(chu)(chu)入港道討小海(hai)捉魚(yu),后(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)就把(ba)這港道叫“大(da)道公港”。由于(yu)這5條港叉(cha)日日夜夜潮(chao)(chao)汐(xi)起落,潮(chao)(chao)漲一片汪(wang)洋(yang),潮(chao)(chao)落好似5條龍須(xu),后(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)就把(ba)這片海(hai)灘稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“龍須(xu)灣(wan)”。北(bei)宋(song)景祐(you)丙子(1036年(nian)(nian))吳真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)升天(tian),白(bai)(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)父老鄉親緬懷(huai)吳真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)(ren),籌資在(zai)真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)生前(qian)修煉處(chu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)庵(an),雕塑(su)吳真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)像而祀(si)之(zhi),私溢他為(wei)(wei)(wei)“醫靈(ling)真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”,因(yin)庵(an)前(qian)是(shi)“龍須(xu)灣(wan)”,故(gu)取庵(an)名為(wei)(wei)(wei)“龍湫庵(an)”(今祖宮(gong)正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)處(chu))前(qian)身(shen)。龍湫庵(an),始(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)宋(song)景祐(you)年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)(1036年(nian)(nian))。高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)紹(shao)興二(er)(er)十年(nian)(nian)(1150年(nian)(nian)),宋(song)高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)敬重(zhong)民(min)間(jian)(jian)醫生吳本(ben)的高(gao)(gao)超醫術和(he)高(gao)(gao)尚(shang)醫德,詔在(zai)泉州府(fu)同安縣白(bai)(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)鄉(今屬漳(zhang)州臺(tai)(tai)(tai)商投(tou)資區(qu)白(bai)(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)村)肇(zhao)立“醫靈(ling)神祠”、紹(shao)興二(er)(er)十一年(nian)(nian)(1151年(nian)(nian))擴為(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)進廟(miao)宇(yu)。孝宗(zong)乾道二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(1166年(nian)(nian))賜(si)廟(miao)名曰(yue)“慈濟(ji)(ji)”。理宗(zong)淳祐(you)元年(nian)(nian)(1241年(nian)(nian))詔改(gai)慈濟(ji)(ji)廟(miao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)慈濟(ji)(ji)宮(gong)。清嘉慶年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)增建(jian)(jian)(jian)前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)三進宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),占地(di)1609.5平方(fang)米。宮(gong)廟(miao)坐北(bei)朝南,自南至北(bei)依(yi)次為(wei)(wei)(wei)前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、大(da)井(jing)、獻臺(tai)(tai)(tai)、正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、天(tian)井(jing)、后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)層(ceng)樓(lou)閣(ge)式,單(dan)檐(yan)歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)頂(ding),上覆紅色(se)板瓦和(he)筒瓦;底層(ceng)辟(pi)5個大(da)門,門廊有(you)(you)(you)蟠龍石(shi)柱6根,門前(qian)有(you)(you)(you)紫色(se)石(shi)獅(shi)1對;兩側有(you)(you)(you)懸山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)廂房各三間(jian)(jian)。二(er)(er)樓(lou)兩側分(fen)置大(da)鐘(zhong)大(da)鼓(gu)。天(tian)井(jing)有(you)(you)(you)上下雙(shuang)重(zhong)須(xu)彌座構成(cheng)的石(shi)砌獻臺(tai)(tai)(tai),鐫(juan)飛天(tian)樂伎,雙(shuang)獅(shi)戲球(qiu)浮雕,獻臺(tai)(tai)(tai)上置蹲踞(ju)狀石(shi)獅(shi),稱“國(guo)母獅(shi)”,右前(qian)肢上舉握一吳夲方(fang)印,均為(wei)(wei)(wei)宋(song)代(dai)雕刻。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)前(qian)有(you)(you)(you)龍泉井(jing)。正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),為(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)檐(yan)歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)頂(ding),紅色(se)筒瓦單(dan)層(ceng)宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式結構,臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基比前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)高(gao)(gao)2米,面闊(kuo)五(wu)(wu)間(jian)(jian),進深(shen)(shen)三間(jian)(jian)。明間(jian)(jian)正(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)如意藻井(jing),共出(chu)(chu)五(wu)(wu)挑,次間(jian)(jian)用(yong)平棊,有(you)(you)(you)傲昂象鼻狀,后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)更高(gao)(gao)于(yu)正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),面闊(kuo)五(wu)(wu)間(jian)(jian),進深(shen)(shen)三間(jian)(jian),前(qian)有(you)(you)(you)小天(tian)井(jing),兩側有(you)(you)(you)鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)樓(lou),為(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)檐(yan)歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)樓(lou)閣(ge)式,整座宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)集宋(song)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)藝術之(zhi)大(da)成(cheng),有(you)(you)(you)“閩南故(gu)宮(gong)”美稱。
據說,白(bai)礁(jiao)慈濟(ji)祖宮(gong)供奉的開基祖神像(xiang)有三(san)尊(zun),分稱(cheng)“一(yi)(yi)大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)”、“二(er)大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)”、“三(san)大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)”。一(yi)(yi)大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)坐鎮白(bai)礁(jiao)祖宮(gong),二(er)大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)分遷(qian)臺(tai)灣學甲,三(san)大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)享祀廈門海滄青礁(jiao)慈濟(ji)宮(gong)。(白(bai)礁(jiao)村共供奉三(san)尊(zun)保(bao)生大(da)帝(di)(di)(di),一(yi)(yi)尊(zun)在白(bai)礁(jiao)慈濟(ji)宮(gong),一(yi)(yi)尊(zun)在白(bai)礁(jiao)黃娘(niang)前慈虛宮(gong),一(yi)(yi)尊(zun)在白(bai)礁(jiao)潘厝菜(cai)市場旁瑞云宮(gong)保(bao)生大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)廟)。
《學(xue)(xue)甲慈濟(ji)宮(gong)沿革》云:“保生(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)臺灣開基祖廟(miao)學(xue)(xue)甲慈濟(ji)宮(gong),位于臺南學(xue)(xue)甲之市(shi)區中心(xin)。主神保生(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)神像,乃八百(bai)年前(qian)宋化之開基祖神像(開基二大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)),于明(ming)永歷十(shi)五(wu)年(清(qing)順治十(shi)八年,公(gong)元1661年)護佑民族英(ying)雄鄭成功(gong)之部分忠貞(zhen)軍民,自(zi)大(da)(da)陸渡海來臺,在(zai)學(xue)(xue)甲西(xi)方四(si)(si)公(gong)里外之將(jiang)軍溪頭前(qian)寮(liao)登陸。先民定居學(xue)(xue)甲后,先建簡易奉祀(si),嗣因保生(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)神威顯赫,香(xiang)火益盛(sheng),乃于清(qing)康(kang)熙(xi)四(si)(si)十(shi)年(1701年)改建為堂皇廟(miao)宮(gong)。”
保生(sheng)大(da)帝臺(tai)灣民間(jian)俗(su)稱“大(da)道公”,宋(song)代福建路泉(quan)(quan)州府安溪感(gan)德(de)鎮石門村,因其精(jing)通醫術、救人無(wu)數,被尊(zun)奉為神。在中(zhong)國東(dong)南(nan)沿海(hai)的(de)(de)漳州、廈門、泉(quan)(quan)州與隔海(hai)相望(wang)的(de)(de)臺(tai)灣島,以及東(dong)南(nan)亞一(yi)帶,坐落著一(yi)座(zuo)座(zuo)金碧輝煌的(de)(de)吳夲(保生(sheng)大(da)帝)宮廟(miao)。每逢歲時(shi)年節(jie),一(yi)座(zuo)座(zuo)的(de)(de)宮廟(miao)里總是人員輻湊,往(wang)來的(de)(de)信徒們滿懷虔誠地(di)在吳夲(保生(sheng)大(da)帝)神前燃(ran)上一(yi)炷香煙,口中(zhong)呢喃私語,希望(wang)吳夲(保生(sheng)大(da)帝)保佑家人平安,子女向學(xue),生(sheng)意順(shun)利,無(wu)病無(wu)災……
吳(wu)夲是(shi)何方神圣(sheng),竟贏(ying)得(de)如此眾多善男(nan)信女的(de)(de)頂禮膜拜(bai)?不了解這一(yi)信仰(yang)的(de)(de)人們(men),大多會把(ba)吳(wu)本想象成遙遙在(zai)上(shang)的(de)(de)神秘(mi)仙(xian)國世(shi)界里的(de)(de)神佛。其實,吳(wu)夲成仙(xian)以(yi)前,是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)實實在(zai)在(zai)的(de)(de)人,是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)生(sheng)活在(zai)距今千年以(yi)前的(de)(de)北宋(song)年間(jian)的(de)(de)醫德醫品極佳的(de)(de)民間(jian)醫生(sheng)。
廈門(men)高(gao)林(lin)村西村社(she)孫姓的(de)(de)第十(shi)世祖孫瑀在(zai)北宋元祐(you)二年(nian)(1087年(nian))撰寫了《西宮檀越記(ji)》,文(wen)中追(zhui)憶了其(qi)先大父(fu)孫天錫(xi)生前(qian)與吳夲相善往來(lai)的(de)(de)情況。其(qi)后,在(zai)十(shi)三世紀初葉(xie),進士、廣(guang)州別駕楊志與漳州守(shou)莊夏,分(fen)別撰寫了《慈濟宮碑》,兩碑記(ji)對吳本的(de)(de)事跡(ji)都介(jie)紹頗詳。此外(wai),發現于(yu)龍海(hai)的(de)(de)《白石(shi)丁氏(shi)古譜》,其(qi)記(ji)載也從某(mou)一側面(mian)透(tou)露出吳本的(de)(de)相關信(xin)息。下面(mian),我(wo)們就(jiu)從上(shang)述這些(xie)原始文(wen)獻的(de)(de)記(ji)載入手,揭(jie)開籠罩在(zai)大道公身上(shang)的(de)(de)神秘(mi)帷幕。
根據楊志、莊夏《慈濟宮碑(bei)》的(de)(de)記載,保(bao)生(sheng)大帝名(ming)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben),字華基,別(bie)號云衷(zhong),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紫(zi)微星轉(zhuan)世投(tou)胎,父親吳(wu)(wu)(wu)通,后(hou)追封為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)協成(cheng)(cheng)元君,母親黃氏為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)玉(yu)華大仙轉(zhuan)世,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)年(nian)少時曾(ceng)受昆侖山西王(wang)母傳授法(fa)術(shu)(shu)(shu),后(hou)舉(ju)科(ke)舉(ju),官(guan)任(ren)御史,精通天文(wen)地(di)理,禮樂醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu),后(hou)辭官(guan)修(xiu)道,行(xing)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)濟世,曾(ceng)于山林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)施法(fa)救起遭虎咬死(si)的(de)(de)書僮,感動(dong)書僮主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)知縣(xian)江仙官(guan)與張師(shi)爺,追隨吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)修(xiu)練道術(shu)(shu)(shu),施藥活(huo)人(ren)(ren)。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)早(zao)年(nian)活(huo)動(dong)于泉(quan)州府(fu)同安縣(xian)與漳州府(fu)海(hai)澄縣(xian)交(jiao)界(jie)的(de)(de)白礁(jiao)(jiao)與青礁(jiao)(jiao)一帶。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)生(sheng)于宋太宗太平興國四年(nian)(979年(nian))三(san)月十五日(ri),卒于宋仁宗景祐三(san)年(nian)(1036年(nian))五月初(chu)二日(ri)。成(cheng)(cheng)神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)乃是一個(ge)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)高(gao)(gao)明(ming)、醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)德高(gao)(gao)尚的(de)(de)民(min)(min)間(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng);同時,也(ye)是一個(ge)濟世救人(ren)(ren)、心(xin)懷眾生(sheng)的(de)(de)修(xiu)道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)。如楊志在(zai)《慈濟宮碑(bei)》中(zhong),認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)“弱不好弄,不茹葷,長不娶(qu),而(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)活(huo)人(ren)(ren)。枕中(zhong)肘后(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方,未始不數數然(ran)也(ye)。所治(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疾,不旋踵(zhong)(zhong)而(er)(er)去,遠(yuan)(yuan)近以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)神(shen)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”。可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)看出,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)生(sheng)前不吃葷、不娶(qu)妻(qi)等行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),確是嚴(yan)守(shou)戒律的(de)(de)修(xiu)道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士;而(er)(er)他(ta)(ta)藥到病(bing)除的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)明(ming)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu),也(ye)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)(ta)本人(ren)(ren)博得神(shen)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)雅稱(cheng)。在(zai)莊夏的(de)(de)筆下,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)仙醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)角色,愈發生(sheng)動(dong)鮮明(ming)。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)畢生(sheng)從事民(min)(min)間(jian)的(de)(de)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療活(huo)動(dong),在(zai)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)上頗有(you)創獲,治(zhi)病(bing)效(xiao)果(guo)奇佳。而(er)(er)且(qie),有(you)時吳(wu)(wu)(wu)本還(huan)借助一些道教的(de)(de)儀式,幫助患者解(jie)決病(bing)痛,效(xiao)果(guo)同樣顯著。莊夏《慈濟宮碑(bei)》稱(cheng),“嘗業醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)全(quan)活(huo)人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)心(xin)。按病(bing)投(tou)藥,如矢破的(de)(de);或吸氣噓水(shui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)飲病(bing)者,雖(sui)沈痼奇恠,亦就痊愈。是以(yi)(yi)(yi)厲者、痬者、癕疽者,扶(fu)升攜持,無日(ri)不交(jiao)踵(zhong)(zhong)其(qi)門”。可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)想象,如果(guo)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)愿(yuan)意,他(ta)(ta)所擁有(you)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)明(ming)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)很容易地(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)(ta)帶來錦衣玉(yu)食,甚至是功(gong)名(ming)利祿。然(ran)而(er)(er),生(sheng)性純(chun)樸而(er)(er)又慕道求仙的(de)(de)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben),并沒(mei)有(you)把他(ta)(ta)高(gao)(gao)明(ming)的(de)(de)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)當作(zuo)追求功(gong)名(ming)富貴的(de)(de)工(gong)具,他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)一生(sheng),都以(yi)(yi)(yi)能為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)眾解(jie)除病(bing)痛為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)矢志。對于登門求醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)病(bing)人(ren)(ren),吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)一視(shi)(shi)同仁,“無視(shi)(shi)貴賤,悉為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)視(shi)(shi)療,人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)皆獲所欲去,遠(yuan)(yuan)近咸以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)神(shen)”。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)高(gao)(gao)尚的(de)(de)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)德醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)品,在(zai)此非常明(ming)顯的(de)(de)體現(xian)。
孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)瑀的《西(xi)(xi)宮(gong)檀越記》,也給我們帶來吳(wu)夲生前活動(dong)的一(yi)些重(zhong)要(yao)信(xin)息。在(zai)《西(xi)(xi)宮(gong)檀越記》里,孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)瑀追憶了其先大父(fu)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)天(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)在(zai)獲得吳(wu)夲施藥治病(bing)后(hou)(hou)(hou)兩人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)相善往來的詳細(xi)經(jing)過(guo)。宋仁宗天(tian)(tian)(tian)圣四年(nian)(1026年(nian)),孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)天(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)食河(he)魚得疾,調(diao)養于(yu)(yu)家(jia)居(ju)(ju)(ju)附近(jin)的旗山居(ju)(ju)(ju)士(shi)(shi)庵(an)。一(yi)個多月后(hou)(hou)(hou),有(you)(you)一(yi)姓裴的方士(shi)(shi),自號養真(zhen)(zhen)老子,年(nian)已(yi)80有(you)(you)余(yu),但身(shen)著道(dao)袍,鶴發童顏(yan),頗有(you)(you)神仙(xian)之(zhi)概(gai)。裴養真(zhen)(zhen)周游(you)到居(ju)(ju)(ju)士(shi)(shi)庵(an),與孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)天(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)相見(jian)之(zhi)下,談天(tian)(tian)(tian)說地(di),話語極為投(tou)機。過(guo)不多久,居(ju)(ju)(ju)住在(zai)白礁的吳(wu)悟(wu)真(zhen)(zhen),“素以神醫名”,聽說周游(you)于(yu)(yu)旗山居(ju)(ju)(ju)士(shi)(shi)庵(an)的裴養真(zhen)(zhen)“妙契神靈(ling)秘(mi)旨,且深(shen)修(xiu)煉之(zhi)術”,在(zai)修(xiu)道(dao)學(xue)仙(xian)上極有(you)(you)造詣,于(yu)(yu)是急忙涉水渡江(jiang),趕來拜訪求(qiu)經(jing)。裴養真(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)見(jian)吳(wu)悟(wu)真(zhen)(zhen),就(jiu)為其不同凡俗的外表(biao)與談吐所(suo)折服(fu),“知為超世(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”,于(yu)(yu)是兩人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)相得甚(shen)歡。在(zai)結(jie)為密友后(hou)(hou)(hou),裴養真(zhen)(zhen)對自己(ji)所(suo)學(xue)毫不隱瞞(man),傾(qing)囊傳授(shou)給吳(wu)悟(wu)真(zhen)(zhen),“悉以神秘(mi)授(shou)之(zhi)”。二人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)相處之(zhi)余(yu),吳(wu)悟(wu)真(zhen)(zhen)見(jian)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)天(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)面帶病(bing)容,即施妙手,替天(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)治病(bing),“三日而見(jian)效,半(ban)月而平復,閱三月而肢(zhi)體強壯,顏(yan)色(se)如故”。愈(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou),孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)天(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)大喜過(guo)望,要(yao)以百金(jin)酬謝,吳(wu)夲(法號悟(wu)真(zhen)(zhen))卻而不納(na)。于(yu)(yu)是孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)、吳(wu)兩人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也結(jie)為深(shen)交,在(zai)裴養真(zhen)(zhen)走后(hou)(hou)(hou),兩人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)還不斷地(di)互(hu)通音信(xin)。
孫(sun)瑀文中的吳(wu)(wu)悟(wu)真(zhen)(zhen)是(shi)(shi)否就是(shi)(shi)吳(wu)(wu)夲呢?答案(an)是(shi)(shi)肯定的。孫(sun)氏后裔在重修族譜時(shi)(shi),又(you)在《西宮檀越記》文后加(jia)上補注,“吳(wu)(wu)真(zhen)(zhen)人生(sheng)(sheng)于宋太(tai)宗(zong)太(tai)平興(xing)國四(si)年己卯歲三(san)(san)月十(shi)五日辰時(shi)(shi),卒于宋仁宗(zong)景(jing)祐三(san)(san)年丙子歲五月初二日,經(jing)今計封十(shi)六次(ci)”。由此觀之,吳(wu)(wu)悟(wu)真(zhen)(zhen)就是(shi)(shi)吳(wu)(wu)夲,悟(wu)真(zhen)(zhen)可能是(shi)(shi)其(qi)修道時(shi)(shi)用的道號。從(cong)孫(sun)瑀追憶的這個(ge)故事來看,吳(wu)(wu)夲生(sheng)(sheng)前對(dui)道教方(fang)術興(xing)趣(qu)盎然(ran),在聽說裴(pei)養(yang)真(zhen)(zhen)的消息(xi)后,不辭勞累,從(cong)白礁涉九龍江(jiang)到廈門(men)拜(bai)會。同時(shi)(shi)吳(wu)(wu)本的醫(yi)(yi)術也相當(dang)高(gao)明,面對(dui)孫(sun)天(tian)錫(xi)調養(yang)一(yi)個(ge)多月都未見起色的疾患,在施(shi)藥調理后,三(san)(san)日見效(xiao)。而且,吳(wu)(wu)夲醫(yi)(yi)德高(gao)尚,當(dang)孫(sun)天(tian)錫(xi)以(yi)百(bai)金重酬其(qi)功時(shi)(shi),不為錢財所迷,而是(shi)(shi)坦然(ran)卻(que)之,此等(deng)高(gao)風亮(liang)節,有神(shen)仙風范(fan)。
有關吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben)(ben)的仙(xian)化,莊(zhuang)夏(xia)《慈(ci)(ci)濟(ji)宮碑(bei)》僅提到“羽化于家”。但當地民(min)眾知(zhi)道吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben)(ben)仙(xian)化后,自發在(zai)(zai)吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben)(ben)生前采(cai)藥煉丹(dan)的青礁,搭建簡易小祠——龍湫(qiu)庵(an)(an),供奉(feng)吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben)(ben)神像,呼為醫靈真人,虔加祭(ji)禱(dao)。說來(lai)也怪(guai),病(bing)(bing)人在(zai)(zai)龍湫(qiu)庵(an)(an)祭(ji)拜(bai)后,其疾患往往不藥而(er)愈(yu),仿佛是(shi)吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben)(ben)之靈還在(zai)(zai)冥冥之中(zhong)護(hu)佑(you)著病(bing)(bing)人。于是(shi),消息(xi)一(yi)傳十,十傳百,各地的民(min)眾紛(fen)至(zhi)沓來(lai),到龍湫(qiu)庵(an)(an)祭(ji)拜(bai)吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben)(ben),以(yi)求得病(bing)(bing)愈(yu),結果(guo)(guo)效果(guo)(guo)同樣明顯(xian)。楊志在(zai)(zai)《慈(ci)(ci)濟(ji)宮碑(bei)》中(zhong)也記載了這一(yi)異事,“羽化之后,靈異益(yi)著。民(min)有瘡痬疾疢,不謁諸醫,惟侯是(shi)求。撮鹽盂水(shui),橫劍(jian)其前,焚香(xiang)默禱(dao),而(er)沈疴已脫矣”。
元代,隨著保生(sheng)大帝信(xin)仰的發展與傳(chuan)播(bo),上述宋(song)代文獻記載中吳夲模糊的形(xing)象,逐漸變(bian)得生(sheng)動(dong)活潑與鮮明(ming)起來。
元明(ming)(ming)(ming)清(qing)(qing)以(yi)后(hou),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)信(xin)仰(yang)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)播范(fan)圍擴大(da),呈現(xian)出(chu)遍地(di)開花的(de)(de)(de)趨勢(shi),而且各(ge)地(di)奉祀(si)(si)(si)(si)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)宮(gong)(gong)廟(miao)數量(liang)也(ye)扶搖直上(shang)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)清(qing)(qing)時(shi)期,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)信(xin)仰(yang)已經走出(chu)福建(jian)(jian),傳(chuan)播到隔海相(xiang)望的(de)(de)(de)寶島(dao)臺(tai)(tai)灣以(yi)及(ji)東南(nan)亞(ya)一(yi)(yi)帶。據(ju)(ju)(ju)臺(tai)(tai)灣學者考證(zheng),見諸文(wen)獻記(ji)載的(de)(de)(de)臺(tai)(tai)灣最(zui)早建(jian)(jian)立的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)祠(ci)祀(si)(si)(si)(si),應是(shi)肇建(jian)(jian)于荷(he)蘭據(ju)(ju)(ju)臺(tai)(tai)時(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)臺(tai)(tai)南(nan)縣(xian)廣儲東里(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)道(dao)公廟(miao),王必昌《重修臺(tai)(tai)灣縣(xian)志(zhi)》載:“荷(he)蘭據(ju)(ju)(ju)臺(tai)(tai),與漳泉(quan)人貿(mao)易時(shi),已建(jian)(jian)廟(miao)廣儲東里(li)(li)矣!”此(ci)后(hou),鄭成功入(ru)臺(tai)(tai),以(yi)及(ji)清(qing)(qing)朝統(tong)一(yi)(yi)臺(tai)(tai)灣后(hou)帶來的(de)(de)(de)多次(ci)閩人移(yi)臺(tai)(tai)高潮,都(dou)有力(li)地(di)推動了保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)信(xin)仰(yang)在臺(tai)(tai)灣的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)播。時(shi)至今日,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)信(xin)仰(yang)已發展為臺(tai)(tai)灣的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種強勢(shi)地(di)方神(shen)信(xin)仰(yang)。據(ju)(ju)(ju)2001年臺(tai)(tai)灣保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)廟(miao)宇聯誼(yi)會的(de)(de)(de)統(tong)計,臺(tai)(tai)灣的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)同(tong)(tong)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)宮(gong)(gong)廟(miao)共有264座(尚不包括未加(jia)入(ru)聯誼(yi)會的(de)(de)(de)宮(gong)(gong)廟(miao))。至此(ci),全(quan)臺(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)行政區劃中,除基隆市外,全(quan)都(dou)或(huo)多或(huo)少分布(bu)有保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)宮(gong)(gong)廟(miao)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)清(qing)(qing)漳、泉(quan)商人在東南(nan)亞(ya)一(yi)(yi)帶的(de)(de)(de)活動,也(ye)促使保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)信(xin)仰(yang)走出(chu)國(guo)(guo)門(men),落戶于浩渺萬(wan)里(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)異國(guo)(guo)他鄉。如(ru)道(dao)光十九(jiu)年(1839年)新加(jia)坡天福宮(gong)(gong)落成時(shi),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)即為主(zhu)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)神(shen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)之一(yi)(yi)。咸豐十年(1860年),三(san)寶壟(long)華人領袖陳宗淮還特(te)地(di)在大(da)陸定制保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)神(shen)尊(zun),迎返(fan)當地(di)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)覺寺奉祀(si)(si)(si)(si)。此(ci)外,東南(nan)亞(ya)其他國(guo)(guo)家奉祀(si)(si)(si)(si)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)宮(gong)(gong)廟(miao)也(ye)不在少數。