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吳夲
0 票數:0 #歷史人物#
吳夲(公元979—1036年),字華基,北宋同安縣積善里白礁村(今漳州臺商投資區角美鎮白礁村)人,去世后被朝廷追封為大道真人、保生大帝。吳夲曾任宋御醫,后懸壺濟世,醫德高尚,深受人們敬仰,民間稱其為吳真人,尊為“神醫”,鄉民建廟奉祀尊為醫神;其著有《吳夲本草》一書。保生大帝是福建省歷史悠久的民間信仰,供奉保生大帝世界祖廟位于白礁慈濟宮,信眾近億人,是中國歷史上較為著名的醫神之一。
  • 中文名: 吳夲
  • 外文名: Wu Ben
  • 別號名稱: 保生大(da)帝(di),吳真人,大(da)道真人
  • 出生日期: 公元979年農歷三月(yue)十(shi)五(wu)日
  • 性別:
  • 國籍: 中國(guo)
  • 民族: 漢族
  • 出生地: 福(fu)建省泉州市安溪縣
  • 去世日期: 公(gong)元(yuan)1036年農歷五月(yue)初二(er)
  • 職業職位: 醫(yi)神,保生大帝
  • 代表作品: 《吳本(ben)(ben)本(ben)(ben)草》
  • 主要成就: 醫(yi)術高(gao)明(ming)被譽為醫(yi)神
詳(xiang)細介紹(shao) PROFILE +

主要經歷

保生大(da)帝:福(fu)建閩南、廣(guang)東(dong)潮汕地(di)區(qu)、中國臺灣地(di)區(qu)及東(dong)南亞華人所信奉的道教神祇(zhi),俗(su)稱大(da)道公、吳真人、花橋公。

據文(wen)獻(xian)記(ji)載,保生(sheng)大帝為北宋(song)(song)閩南人士,本名(ming)吳本,字華基,別號(hao)云衷。生(sheng)于(yu)979年(nian)(宋(song)(song)太宗太平興國四(si)年(nian))三月十五日,卒于(yu)1036年(nian)(宋(song)(song)仁(ren)宗景佑三年(nian))五月初二,于(yu)采藥(yao)之時,羽化飛升。吳夲年(nian)少就離開石門(men)村,到青礁(jiao)修(xiu)道,并(bing)以(yi)白(bai)礁(jiao)、青礁(jiao)為根(gen)據地行(xing)醫為民治(zhi)病(bing)。

白(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)慈(ci)濟宮(gong)(gong)(皇帝最早欽賜建造(zao)規格最高(gao)(gao)的五門(men)宮(gong)(gong)殿(dian)(dian)建筑(zhu))位(wei)于漳州臺商投資區白(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)村,面臨九(jiu)龍(long)(long)(long)江,背靠(kao)文圃山(shan)。祀(si)奉(feng)保生大(da)帝、北(bei)宋(song)(song)名醫吳(wu)夲。白(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)村前(qian)滔(tao)滔(tao)九(jiu)龍(long)(long)(long)江水融(rong)注入(ru)海,潮(chao)起(qi)潮(chao)落(luo)(luo)漸成(cheng)(cheng)5條港(gang)叉,成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)白(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)漁舟出(chu)入(ru)港(gang)道(dao)(dao)。吳(wu)真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)童年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),隨父吳(wu)通出(chu)入(ru)港(gang)道(dao)(dao)討小海捉魚,后人(ren)(ren)就把(ba)這(zhe)(zhe)港(gang)道(dao)(dao)叫“大(da)道(dao)(dao)公(gong)港(gang)”。由于這(zhe)(zhe)5條港(gang)叉日日夜夜潮(chao)汐起(qi)落(luo)(luo),潮(chao)漲一(yi)片(pian)汪洋,潮(chao)落(luo)(luo)好似5條龍(long)(long)(long)須(xu),后人(ren)(ren)就把(ba)這(zhe)(zhe)片(pian)海灘稱為(wei)(wei)“龍(long)(long)(long)須(xu)灣(wan)”。北(bei)宋(song)(song)景祐丙(bing)子(zi)(1036年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))吳(wu)真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)升(sheng)天(tian),白(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)父老(lao)鄉親緬(mian)懷吳(wu)真(zhen)人(ren)(ren),籌資在真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)生前(qian)修煉處(chu)建庵(an),雕塑吳(wu)真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)像而(er)祀(si)之,私溢他為(wei)(wei)“醫靈真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)”,因庵(an)前(qian)是“龍(long)(long)(long)須(xu)灣(wan)”,故取庵(an)名為(wei)(wei)“龍(long)(long)(long)湫庵(an)”(今(jin)祖宮(gong)(gong)正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)處(chu))前(qian)身。龍(long)(long)(long)湫庵(an),始建于宋(song)(song)景祐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)(1036年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))。高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)紹興(xing)二(er)(er)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1150年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),宋(song)(song)高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)敬重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)民(min)間(jian)(jian)醫生吳(wu)本的高(gao)(gao)超(chao)醫術(shu)和高(gao)(gao)尚醫德,詔在泉(quan)州府同安縣白(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)鄉(今(jin)屬(shu)漳州臺商投資區白(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)村)肇(zhao)立“醫靈神祠(ci)”、紹興(xing)二(er)(er)十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1151年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))擴為(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)進(jin)廟宇。孝宗(zong)(zong)乾道(dao)(dao)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1166年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))賜廟名曰“慈(ci)濟”。理宗(zong)(zong)淳祐元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1241年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))詔改(gai)慈(ci)濟廟為(wei)(wei)慈(ci)濟宮(gong)(gong)。清嘉慶年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)增建前(qian)殿(dian)(dian),成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)三(san)進(jin)宮(gong)(gong)殿(dian)(dian)式建筑(zhu),占地1609.5平(ping)(ping)方米。宮(gong)(gong)廟坐北(bei)朝南(nan),自南(nan)至北(bei)依次(ci)為(wei)(wei)前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)、大(da)井(jing)(jing)、獻(xian)(xian)臺、正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)、天(tian)井(jing)(jing)、后殿(dian)(dian)。前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)層(ceng)樓(lou)閣式,單檐歇山(shan)頂(ding),上(shang)覆紅色(se)板瓦和筒瓦;底層(ceng)辟5個大(da)門(men),門(men)廊有(you)(you)蟠龍(long)(long)(long)石柱(zhu)6根,門(men)前(qian)有(you)(you)紫色(se)石獅(shi)1對;兩(liang)側有(you)(you)懸山(shan)頂(ding)廂(xiang)房各三(san)間(jian)(jian)。二(er)(er)樓(lou)兩(liang)側分置大(da)鐘(zhong)大(da)鼓(gu)。天(tian)井(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)上(shang)下雙重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)須(xu)彌(mi)座構成(cheng)(cheng)的石砌獻(xian)(xian)臺,鐫飛天(tian)樂伎,雙獅(shi)戲球浮雕,獻(xian)(xian)臺上(shang)置蹲踞狀(zhuang)石獅(shi),稱“國母獅(shi)”,右(you)前(qian)肢上(shang)舉握一(yi)吳(wu)夲方印,均(jun)為(wei)(wei)宋(song)(song)代(dai)雕刻(ke)。臺前(qian)有(you)(you)龍(long)(long)(long)泉(quan)井(jing)(jing)。正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian),為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)檐歇山(shan)頂(ding),紅色(se)筒瓦單層(ceng)宮(gong)(gong)殿(dian)(dian)式結構,臺基比前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)高(gao)(gao)2米,面闊五間(jian)(jian),進(jin)深(shen)三(san)間(jian)(jian)。明間(jian)(jian)正(zheng)中為(wei)(wei)如(ru)意藻井(jing)(jing),共出(chu)五挑,次(ci)間(jian)(jian)用(yong)平(ping)(ping)棊,有(you)(you)傲昂象鼻狀(zhuang),后殿(dian)(dian)更高(gao)(gao)于正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian),面闊五間(jian)(jian),進(jin)深(shen)三(san)間(jian)(jian),前(qian)有(you)(you)小天(tian)井(jing)(jing),兩(liang)側有(you)(you)鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)樓(lou),為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)檐歇山(shan)頂(ding)樓(lou)閣式,整座宮(gong)(gong)殿(dian)(dian)建筑(zhu)集宋(song)(song)代(dai)建筑(zhu)藝術(shu)之大(da)成(cheng)(cheng),有(you)(you)“閩南(nan)故宮(gong)(gong)”美稱。

據說(shuo),白(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)慈濟(ji)(ji)祖宮(gong)供奉的(de)開基祖神像有三(san)尊(zun)(zun),分(fen)稱“一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)帝”、“二大(da)(da)帝”、“三(san)大(da)(da)帝”。一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)帝坐鎮(zhen)白(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)祖宮(gong),二大(da)(da)帝分(fen)遷臺灣學甲,三(san)大(da)(da)帝享(xiang)祀廈門海滄青礁(jiao)慈濟(ji)(ji)宮(gong)。(白(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)村(cun)共供奉三(san)尊(zun)(zun)保(bao)生大(da)(da)帝,一(yi)(yi)尊(zun)(zun)在(zai)白(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)慈濟(ji)(ji)宮(gong),一(yi)(yi)尊(zun)(zun)在(zai)白(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)黃娘前慈虛(xu)宮(gong),一(yi)(yi)尊(zun)(zun)在(zai)白(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)潘(pan)厝菜(cai)市場旁瑞云宮(gong)保(bao)生大(da)(da)帝廟)。

《學(xue)甲(jia)(jia)慈(ci)濟宮沿革》云:“保(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)大帝臺灣開(kai)基祖(zu)廟學(xue)甲(jia)(jia)慈(ci)濟宮,位于臺南(nan)學(xue)甲(jia)(jia)之(zhi)市區(qu)中心。主神(shen)(shen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)大帝神(shen)(shen)像(xiang),乃八(ba)百年前宋化(hua)之(zhi)開(kai)基祖(zu)神(shen)(shen)像(xiang)(開(kai)基二大帝),于明永歷(li)十五年(清(qing)順治十八(ba)年,公元(yuan)1661年)護佑民(min)(min)族英雄鄭成功之(zhi)部分忠貞軍民(min)(min),自(zi)大陸渡海來臺,在(zai)學(xue)甲(jia)(jia)西方四公里外之(zhi)將軍溪頭前寮登陸。先民(min)(min)定居(ju)學(xue)甲(jia)(jia)后,先建(jian)簡易奉祀,嗣因保(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)大帝神(shen)(shen)威(wei)顯赫(he),香火益盛(sheng),乃于清(qing)康熙四十年(1701年)改建(jian)為堂皇廟宮。”

保生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝臺灣民間俗稱(cheng)“大(da)(da)道公”,宋(song)代福(fu)建路泉(quan)州(zhou)府安(an)溪(xi)感德鎮石(shi)門村(cun),因其精通醫(yi)術(shu)、救(jiu)人(ren)無(wu)數,被尊奉為神(shen)。在中國東南沿海的漳(zhang)州(zhou)、廈(sha)門、泉(quan)州(zhou)與隔海相望的臺灣島,以及(ji)東南亞一(yi)(yi)帶,坐(zuo)落著一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)座(zuo)金碧輝煌的吳(wu)夲(ben)(保生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝)宮廟。每逢歲時年節(jie),一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)座(zuo)的宮廟里總是人(ren)員輻湊,往來的信徒們滿(man)懷虔誠地在吳(wu)夲(ben)(保生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝)神(shen)前燃上一(yi)(yi)炷(zhu)香煙(yan),口中呢喃私(si)語,希望吳(wu)夲(ben)(保生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝)保佑家人(ren)平(ping)安(an),子女向學,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)意(yi)順利,無(wu)病無(wu)災……

吳夲是何方(fang)神(shen)圣,竟贏得如此眾多善(shan)男信女(nv)的頂禮膜(mo)拜(bai)?不(bu)了解(jie)這一信仰的人們,大多會把(ba)吳本想象(xiang)成遙(yao)遙(yao)在(zai)上的神(shen)秘(mi)仙國(guo)世界(jie)里(li)的神(shen)佛。其(qi)實,吳夲成仙以前,是一個實實在(zai)在(zai)的人,是一個生(sheng)活(huo)在(zai)距今千年以前的北(bei)宋年間的醫德醫品極(ji)佳(jia)的民間醫生(sheng)。

廈門高林村西村社孫(sun)姓(xing)的(de)(de)(de)第十世祖孫(sun)瑀在北宋元(yuan)祐二(er)年(1087年)撰寫了《西宮檀越記(ji)(ji)》,文中追憶了其(qi)先大(da)父(fu)孫(sun)天錫生(sheng)前與吳夲相(xiang)善往來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)情況。其(qi)后,在十三世紀初葉,進士、廣州(zhou)別駕楊志與漳(zhang)州(zhou)守(shou)莊夏,分別撰寫了《慈濟宮碑(bei)》,兩(liang)碑(bei)記(ji)(ji)對吳本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)跡都(dou)介紹頗詳。此外(wai),發現(xian)于龍海的(de)(de)(de)《白石丁氏古譜》,其(qi)記(ji)(ji)載(zai)也從(cong)(cong)某一側面(mian)透露出吳本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關信息。下(xia)面(mian),我們(men)就(jiu)從(cong)(cong)上述這(zhe)些原始文獻的(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)載(zai)入手,揭開籠罩在大(da)道公(gong)身上的(de)(de)(de)神(shen)秘帷幕。

根據楊志、莊夏(xia)(xia)《慈(ci)(ci)濟宮(gong)碑(bei)》的記載,保生(sheng)大帝名(ming)(ming)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben),字(zi)華基,別號云衷(zhong),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紫微星(xing)轉世投(tou)胎,父親吳(wu)(wu)(wu)通(tong),后追(zhui)(zhui)封(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)協成(cheng)元君,母(mu)親黃氏為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)玉華大仙轉世,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)年(nian)少(shao)時曾受昆(kun)侖山(shan)西王(wang)母(mu)傳授法術(shu)(shu)(shu),后舉科舉,官(guan)任御史(shi),精通(tong)天文(wen)地(di)理,禮樂醫(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu),后辭(ci)官(guan)修道,行(xing)醫(yi)(yi)濟世,曾于(yu)山(shan)林之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)施法救(jiu)起遭虎咬死的書僮,感動(dong)書僮主人(ren)(ren)知(zhi)縣(xian)江(jiang)仙官(guan)與張師(shi)爺,追(zhui)(zhui)隨(sui)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)修練道術(shu)(shu)(shu),施藥活(huo)人(ren)(ren)。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)早年(nian)活(huo)動(dong)于(yu)泉州(zhou)府同(tong)安縣(xian)與漳州(zhou)府海澄縣(xian)交界(jie)的白礁與青(qing)礁一帶。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)生(sheng)于(yu)宋太宗(zong)太平興國四年(nian)(979年(nian))三(san)月十(shi)五日(ri),卒于(yu)宋仁(ren)宗(zong)景祐三(san)年(nian)(1036年(nian))五月初(chu)二日(ri)。成(cheng)神(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)前,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)乃是(shi)(shi)一個醫(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)高明、醫(yi)(yi)德高尚的民(min)間醫(yi)(yi)生(sheng);同(tong)時,也(ye)是(shi)(shi)一個濟世救(jiu)人(ren)(ren)、心(xin)懷眾生(sheng)的修道之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)。如楊志在(zai)《慈(ci)(ci)濟宮(gong)碑(bei)》中(zhong)(zhong),認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)“弱不(bu)(bu)好弄,不(bu)(bu)茹葷,長不(bu)(bu)娶,而(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)醫(yi)(yi)活(huo)人(ren)(ren)。枕(zhen)中(zhong)(zhong)肘后之(zhi)(zhi)方(fang),未(wei)始不(bu)(bu)數(shu)數(shu)然也(ye)。所(suo)(suo)治之(zhi)(zhi)疾(ji),不(bu)(bu)旋踵而(er)去,遠(yuan)近以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)神(shen)(shen)醫(yi)(yi)”。可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)看出,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)生(sheng)前不(bu)(bu)吃葷、不(bu)(bu)娶妻等(deng)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),確(que)是(shi)(shi)嚴守戒律(lv)的修道之(zhi)(zhi)士;而(er)他(ta)藥到病(bing)(bing)(bing)除的高明醫(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu),也(ye)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)本人(ren)(ren)博(bo)得神(shen)(shen)醫(yi)(yi)的雅稱(cheng)。在(zai)莊夏(xia)(xia)的筆下(xia),吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)仙醫(yi)(yi)的角色,愈(yu)發(fa)生(sheng)動(dong)鮮明。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)畢(bi)生(sheng)從事民(min)間的醫(yi)(yi)療活(huo)動(dong),在(zai)醫(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)頗有(you)創獲,治病(bing)(bing)(bing)效(xiao)果奇佳。而(er)且(qie),有(you)時吳(wu)(wu)(wu)本還借助一些道教的儀式,幫助患者解決病(bing)(bing)(bing)痛,效(xiao)果同(tong)樣顯(xian)(xian)著。莊夏(xia)(xia)《慈(ci)(ci)濟宮(gong)碑(bei)》稱(cheng),“嘗業醫(yi)(yi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)全活(huo)人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)心(xin)。按病(bing)(bing)(bing)投(tou)藥,如矢破(po)的;或吸氣噓(xu)水以(yi)(yi)(yi)飲(yin)病(bing)(bing)(bing)者,雖沈痼(gu)奇恠(guai),亦就痊(quan)愈(yu)。是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)厲(li)者、痬(yi)者、癕(yong)疽(ju)者,扶升攜(xie)持,無(wu)日(ri)不(bu)(bu)交踵其門”。可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)想象(xiang),如果吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)愿意(yi),他(ta)所(suo)(suo)擁有(you)的高明醫(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)很容易(yi)地(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)帶來錦衣玉食,甚至是(shi)(shi)功名(ming)(ming)利祿。然而(er),生(sheng)性純樸而(er)又慕道求(qiu)仙的吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben),并沒有(you)把(ba)他(ta)高明的醫(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)當作追(zhui)(zhui)求(qiu)功名(ming)(ming)富貴(gui)的工具,他(ta)的一生(sheng),都以(yi)(yi)(yi)能為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)民(min)眾解除病(bing)(bing)(bing)痛為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)矢志。對于(yu)登門求(qiu)醫(yi)(yi)的病(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)(ren),吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)一視(shi)同(tong)仁(ren),“無(wu)視(shi)貴(gui)賤,悉為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)視(shi)療,人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)皆獲所(suo)(suo)欲去,遠(yuan)近咸以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)神(shen)(shen)”。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)高尚的醫(yi)(yi)德醫(yi)(yi)品,在(zai)此非(fei)常明顯(xian)(xian)的體(ti)現。

孫(sun)(sun)瑀的(de)(de)(de)《西宮檀越(yue)記》,也給我們帶來(lai)吳(wu)夲(ben)生前(qian)活動的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些(xie)重要(yao)信息。在(zai)《西宮檀越(yue)記》里,孫(sun)(sun)瑀追憶了其先大(da)(da)父(fu)孫(sun)(sun)天(tian)錫(xi)(xi)在(zai)獲得(de)吳(wu)夲(ben)施(shi)藥(yao)治(zhi)病(bing)后(hou)兩人相善往來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)詳細經(jing)過。宋仁宗(zong)天(tian)圣(sheng)四年(1026年),孫(sun)(sun)天(tian)錫(xi)(xi)食河魚得(de)疾,調(diao)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)于(yu)(yu)家(jia)居附近的(de)(de)(de)旗(qi)山(shan)居士(shi)庵。一(yi)個多月后(hou),有一(yi)姓裴的(de)(de)(de)方士(shi),自(zi)號養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)老(lao)子,年已80有余,但身著(zhu)道袍,鶴發童顏,頗有神仙(xian)之概。裴養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)周游(you)到居士(shi)庵,與(yu)孫(sun)(sun)天(tian)錫(xi)(xi)相見(jian)之下,談天(tian)說地,話語極(ji)為(wei)投機。過不(bu)(bu)多久,居住在(zai)白(bai)礁的(de)(de)(de)吳(wu)悟真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),“素以神醫名(ming)”,聽(ting)說周游(you)于(yu)(yu)旗(qi)山(shan)居士(shi)庵的(de)(de)(de)裴養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)“妙契神靈秘(mi)旨,且(qie)深(shen)修煉之術”,在(zai)修道學仙(xian)上極(ji)有造詣,于(yu)(yu)是急忙涉水渡江(jiang),趕來(lai)拜訪求經(jing)。裴養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)見(jian)吳(wu)悟真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),就為(wei)其不(bu)(bu)同凡俗的(de)(de)(de)外表與(yu)談吐所(suo)折(zhe)服,“知為(wei)超世人”,于(yu)(yu)是兩人相得(de)甚歡。在(zai)結(jie)為(wei)密友后(hou),裴養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)自(zi)己所(suo)學毫不(bu)(bu)隱瞞,傾囊傳授給吳(wu)悟真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),“悉以神秘(mi)授之”。二人相處之余,吳(wu)悟真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)見(jian)孫(sun)(sun)天(tian)錫(xi)(xi)面帶病(bing)容(rong),即施(shi)妙手,替(ti)天(tian)錫(xi)(xi)治(zhi)病(bing),“三日而(er)見(jian)效,半月而(er)平復,閱三月而(er)肢體強壯,顏色如故(gu)”。愈后(hou),孫(sun)(sun)天(tian)錫(xi)(xi)大(da)(da)喜過望,要(yao)以百金酬謝,吳(wu)夲(ben)(法號悟真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen))卻而(er)不(bu)(bu)納。于(yu)(yu)是孫(sun)(sun)、吳(wu)兩人也結(jie)為(wei)深(shen)交,在(zai)裴養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)走(zou)后(hou),兩人還不(bu)(bu)斷地互通(tong)音信。

孫瑀文(wen)中(zhong)的(de)吳(wu)悟(wu)真是否就是吳(wu)夲(ben)呢?答案是肯定的(de)。孫氏后(hou)裔在(zai)重修(xiu)族(zu)譜(pu)時(shi),又在(zai)《西宮檀(tan)越記》文(wen)后(hou)加上補注,“吳(wu)真人生于宋(song)太宗太平興國(guo)四(si)年己卯歲三(san)月十五日辰時(shi),卒于宋(song)仁宗景(jing)祐三(san)年丙子歲五月初二(er)日,經今計(ji)封(feng)十六(liu)次”。由此(ci)觀之(zhi),吳(wu)悟(wu)真就是吳(wu)夲(ben),悟(wu)真可能是其修(xiu)道(dao)(dao)時(shi)用的(de)道(dao)(dao)號。從孫瑀追憶的(de)這(zhe)個故事來看,吳(wu)夲(ben)生前對道(dao)(dao)教方術興趣盎然,在(zai)聽說(shuo)裴養(yang)真的(de)消息后(hou),不(bu)(bu)辭勞累,從白礁(jiao)涉九龍(long)江到廈門拜會。同時(shi)吳(wu)本的(de)醫(yi)(yi)術也相當高(gao)明(ming),面對孫天錫(xi)調(diao)(diao)養(yang)一個多(duo)月都(dou)未見(jian)起色的(de)疾患,在(zai)施藥調(diao)(diao)理后(hou),三(san)日見(jian)效。而(er)且,吳(wu)夲(ben)醫(yi)(yi)德高(gao)尚,當孫天錫(xi)以(yi)百金重酬其功時(shi),不(bu)(bu)為(wei)錢(qian)財所迷,而(er)是坦然卻(que)之(zhi),此(ci)等高(gao)風亮節,有神仙風范。

有(you)關(guan)吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben)的(de)仙(xian)化(hua),莊夏《慈濟(ji)宮(gong)碑》僅(jin)提到“羽化(hua)于家”。但當(dang)地(di)民(min)眾知道吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben)仙(xian)化(hua)后(hou),自發在吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben)生前采藥煉丹的(de)青礁,搭建簡(jian)易(yi)小祠——龍湫庵(an),供(gong)奉吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben)神像,呼為醫靈真人,虔加祭禱(dao)(dao)。說來也怪(guai),病(bing)人在龍湫庵(an)祭拜后(hou),其疾患往往不藥而(er)愈,仿佛是(shi)吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben)之(zhi)靈還(huan)在冥冥之(zhi)中(zhong)護佑著(zhu)病(bing)人。于是(shi),消(xiao)息一(yi)(yi)傳十(shi),十(shi)傳百(bai),各地(di)的(de)民(min)眾紛至沓來,到龍湫庵(an)祭拜吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben),以求(qiu)(qiu)得病(bing)愈,結果(guo)效果(guo)同樣明顯。楊(yang)志在《慈濟(ji)宮(gong)碑》中(zhong)也記載了這一(yi)(yi)異事(shi),“羽化(hua)之(zhi)后(hou),靈異益著(zhu)。民(min)有(you)瘡(chuang)痬疾疢(chen),不謁(ye)諸醫,惟侯是(shi)求(qiu)(qiu)。撮鹽盂水,橫劍其前,焚香默(mo)禱(dao)(dao),而(er)沈疴(ke)已脫矣”。

元代,隨(sui)著保生(sheng)大(da)帝信仰的發展與傳播,上述宋(song)代文獻記載中吳夲模糊的形(xing)象(xiang),逐漸變(bian)得生(sheng)動(dong)活潑與鮮(xian)明起來。

元明(ming)清以(yi)后(hou),保生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)信仰(yang)的(de)(de)傳播(bo)范(fan)圍擴大(da)(da),呈(cheng)現出遍地開花的(de)(de)趨勢(shi),而且各地奉(feng)祀(si)保生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)宮廟(miao)(miao)數量也扶搖直上。明(ming)清時(shi)期(qi),保生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)信仰(yang)已經走(zou)出福建,傳播(bo)到(dao)隔海相望的(de)(de)寶(bao)島臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)灣以(yi)及東(dong)南(nan)亞一帶。據(ju)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)灣學(xue)者考證,見諸文獻記(ji)載(zai)的(de)(de)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)灣最(zui)早建立(li)的(de)(de)保生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祠祀(si),應是肇建于荷(he)蘭據(ju)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)南(nan)縣廣(guang)儲東(dong)里的(de)(de)大(da)(da)道公(gong)廟(miao)(miao),王必昌《重修(xiu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)灣縣志》載(zai):“荷(he)蘭據(ju)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),與漳(zhang)泉人貿(mao)易(yi)時(shi),已建廟(miao)(miao)廣(guang)儲東(dong)里矣!”此后(hou),鄭成功入臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),以(yi)及清朝統一臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)灣后(hou)帶來的(de)(de)多次閩人移臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)高潮,都(dou)有(you)力地推(tui)動(dong)了保生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)信仰(yang)在(zai)(zai)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)灣的(de)(de)傳播(bo)。時(shi)至今日(ri),保生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)信仰(yang)已發展為臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)灣的(de)(de)一種(zhong)強勢(shi)地方神信仰(yang)。據(ju)2001年(nian)(nian)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)灣保生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)廟(miao)(miao)宇聯誼會的(de)(de)統計,臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)灣的(de)(de)保生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)同祀(si)宮廟(miao)(miao)共有(you)264座(尚(shang)不包括未(wei)加入聯誼會的(de)(de)宮廟(miao)(miao))。至此,全(quan)(quan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)行(xing)政區劃(hua)中,除基隆市外(wai),全(quan)(quan)都(dou)或多或少(shao)(shao)分布有(you)保生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)同祀(si)宮廟(miao)(miao)。明(ming)清漳(zhang)、泉商人在(zai)(zai)東(dong)南(nan)亞一帶的(de)(de)活(huo)動(dong),也促(cu)使保生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)信仰(yang)走(zou)出國(guo)門,落戶于浩渺(miao)萬里的(de)(de)異國(guo)他鄉(xiang)。如(ru)道光十九年(nian)(nian)(1839年(nian)(nian))新(xin)加坡天福宮落成時(shi),保生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)即為主祀(si)神明(ming)之一。咸豐十年(nian)(nian)(1860年(nian)(nian)),三(san)寶(bao)壟華人領(ling)袖陳宗淮還特(te)地在(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)陸(lu)定制保生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)神尊(zun),迎返當地的(de)(de)大(da)(da)覺(jue)寺奉(feng)祀(si)。此外(wai),東(dong)南(nan)亞其他國(guo)家奉(feng)祀(si)保生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)宮廟(miao)(miao)也不在(zai)(zai)少(shao)(shao)數。

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