芒果视频下载

基本介紹

七星(xing)瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)（學(xue)名：Coccinella septempunctata）是瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)科、瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)屬昆(kun)蟲(chong)。成蟲(chong)體長5.2-6.5毫米，寬(kuan)4.0-5.6毫米；身體卵圓形(xing)，背(bei)部(bu)(bu)拱起，呈(cheng)水瓢(piao)(piao)狀；頭黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)、復眼黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)，內(nei)側(ce)凹(ao)入處各(ge)有(you)一淡黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)點；觸角(jiao)褐色(se)(se)(se)；口器(qi)黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)；上(shang)額(e)外側(ce)為黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)；前(qian)胸背(bei)板黑(hei)，前(qian)上(shang)角(jiao)各(ge)有(you)1個較大的近方(fang)形(xing)的淡黃(huang)地；小(xiao)盾(dun)片黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)；鞘翅紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se)或橙黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)，兩側(ce)共有(you)7個黑(hei)斑，左右兩側(ce)各(ge)有(you)3個黑(hei)點，接合處前(qian)方(fang)尚有(you)一個更大的黑(hei)點；翅基部(bu)(bu)在小(xiao)盾(dun)片兩側(ce)各(ge)有(you)1個三角(jiao)形(xing)白斑；體腹及足黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)。

七星瓢蟲(chong)一(yi)生要(yao)經過卵、幼蟲(chong)、蛹和(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)4個不同發(fa)育(yu)階段，各蟲(chong)態的(de)發(fa)育(yu)歷期，主(zhu)要(yao)受(shou)食物和(he)(he)溫度的(de)影響。七星瓢蟲(chong)是遷飛性昆(kun)蟲(chong)，成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)和(he)(he)幼蟲(chong)的(de)覓食行為(wei)屬于廣域搜索與區域集中搜索行為(wei)的(de)轉換(huan)。七星瓢蟲(chong)主(zhu)要(yao)以(yi)蚜蟲(chong)為(wei)食，有時還取食小(xiao)土粒、真(zhen)菌孢子和(he)(he)一(yi)些小(xiao)型昆(kun)蟲(chong)，秋(qiu)天(tian)還常(chang)常(chang)取食植物的(de)花粉。廣泛分布于非洲(zhou)(zhou)、歐洲(zhou)(zhou)、亞洲(zhou)(zhou)。

七星瓢蟲的(de)(de)名稱由(you)其鞘翅(chi)上的(de)(de)7個黑色斑點(dian)而(er)來，但是其身上的(de)(de)斑點(dian)數量是各不相同的(de)(de)。

常見種類

近種區別

七(qi)星瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)與異色(se)(se)(se)瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)相(xiang)(xiang)似(si)。區別在于七(qi)星瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)淡藍灰(hui)色(se)(se)(se)，異色(se)(se)(se)瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)灰(hui)黑色(se)(se)(se)。七(qi)星瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)腹(fu)部(bu)背(bei)面和側(ce)面，每(mei)節生有(you)六(liu)個短(duan)刺(ci)；第一(yi)(yi)(yi)、四兩(liang)節背(bei)面兩(liang)側(ce)，各有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)對黃色(se)(se)(se)短(duan)刺(ci)；其(qi)余(yu)各節短(duan)刺(ci)皆為黑色(se)(se)(se)。異色(se)(se)(se)瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)腹(fu)部(bu)背(bei)面兩(liang)側(ce)，每(mei)節生有(you)六(liu)個分枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刺(ci)，第四兩(liang)節的背(bei)面兩(liang)側(ce)，各有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)對桔(jie)紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刺(ci)，其(qi)中第一(yi)(yi)(yi)節的兩(liang)個枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刺(ci)基部(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)連，形(xing)成一(yi)(yi)(yi)個桔(jie)紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se)大斑。

某些(xie)金花蟲類(lei)的(de)卵，如柳葉(xie)甲的(de)卵和七星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲的(de)卵很(hen)相似(si)，常被誤認為七星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲卵，但兩(liang)者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)有明顯區別的(de)：①兩(liang)者(zhe)(zhe)產卵習性不同，柳葉(xie)甲常在柳葉(xie)上產卵，而七星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲通常不在樹葉(xie)上產卵；②柳葉(xie)甲卵粒是(shi)長圓形，卵塊排列疏松而不整(zheng)齊，七星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲的(de)卵粒是(shi)梭形，排列緊密(mi)而整(zheng)齊。

生長與分布

近種區別

七星瓢蟲廣泛(fan)分(fen)布于(yu)北(bei)美(mei)洲(zhou)、歐洲(zhou)、亞洲(zhou)。在中(zhong)國分(fen)布于(yu)東北(bei)、華(hua)北(bei)、華(hua)中(zhong)、西北(bei)、華(hua)東和西南地區。

亞種分化

中(zhong)文名(ming) 拉丁學(xue)名(ming) 命名(ming)者及年(nian)代

七(qi)星瓢蟲日本亞種 Coccinella septempunctata brucki Mulsant，1866

七星瓢蟲指名亞種 Coccinella septempunctata septempunctata Linnaeus，1758

形態及特征

成蟲

七星瓢蟲體長5.2-7.0毫米，寬4.0-5.6毫米。蟲體卵圓形，背面(mian)光滑并拱超(chao)呈半球狀。剛羽化的(de)成蟲柔(rou)軟，嫩黃色(se)，2-3小時后(hou)，整(zheng)個體軀和鞘(qiao)翅(chi)變硬，顏色(se)由黃變紅(hong)，同時鞘(qiao)翅(chi)上出現7個黑色(se)斑點。

七星瓢(piao)蟲和其它昆(kun)蟲一(yi)樣(yang)，體軀分為(wei)頭、胸、腹(fu)(fu)三部(bu)(bu)分。各部(bu)(bu)分均由若(ruo)干個(ge)體節(jie)(jie)組成(cheng)。頭部(bu)(bu)生有(you)一(yi)對(dui)(dui)觸角，一(yi)對(dui)(dui)復(fu)眼和口器，口器兩側有(you)一(yi)對(dui)(dui)下顎(e)須(xu)。頭部(bu)(bu)較小(xiao)，經常后(hou)縮在(zai)發達的(de)前胸背(bei)板之(zhi)下，胸部(bu)(bu)生有(you)兩對(dui)(dui)翅，三對(dui)(dui)足。腹(fu)(fu)部(bu)(bu)八節(jie)(jie)，但腹(fu)(fu)面(mian)只(zhi)能看到6一(yi)7節(jie)(jie)。腹(fu)(fu)部(bu)(bu)末端(duan)有(you)外(wai)生殖器和肛門。胸部(bu)(bu)和腹(fu)(fu)部(bu)(bu)側面(mian)生有(you)氣孔，是呼吸時(shi)氣體進出的(de)通道(dao)，七星瓢(piao)蟲和許多有(you)硬翅鞘的(de)昆(kun)蟲（分類學上稱鞘翅目(mu)）一(yi)樣(yang)，有(you)一(yi)對(dui)(dui)角質(zhi)堅硬的(de)前翅。平時(shi)，這一(yi)對(dui)(dui)的(de)翅并(bing)(bing)合，覆蓋在(zai)胸腹(fu)(fu)部(bu)(bu)的(de)背(bei)上。后(hou)翅為(wei)半透明(ming)的(de)膜質(zhi)，平時(shi)折疊，匿于(yu)(yu)前翅之(zhi)下。七星瓢(piao)蟲的(de)下顎(e)須(xu)末節(jie)(jie)呈(cheng)斧狀，足的(de)咐節(jie)(jie)是四節(jie)(jie)，但第三節(jie)(jie)特別小(xiao)，并(bing)(bing)匿于(yu)(yu)第二節(jie)(jie)的(de)兩個(ge)分葉之(zhi)間，粗看很象是三節(jie)(jie)。

七星瓢(piao)蟲(chong)雌雄形態(tai)，斑紋相同，雌蟲(chong)常較雄蟲(chong)大些。兩者(zhe)可靠(kao)的(de)鑒別(bie)特(te)征是雄蟲(chong)腹(fu)部腹(fu)面末端，有一小的(de)橫(heng)的(de)凹陷(xian)(xian)，而(er)雌蟲(chong)則平坦而(er)光滑，無此凹陷(xian)(xian)。

幼蟲

七星瓢蟲(chong)幼蟲(chong)體(ti)表有(you)一(yi)層較堅硬的(de)表皮(pi)，它的(de)伸展性(xing)有(you)限(xian)，所以(yi)生長(chang)到一(yi)定階段，必須蛻(tui)(tui)去老皮(pi)，著生新皮(pi)，才(cai)能繼(ji)續(xu)成長(chang)。每蛻(tui)(tui)一(yi)次皮(pi)，就(jiu)增加一(yi)個齡(ling)期，幼蟲(chong)共蛻(tui)(tui)三次皮(pi)，有(you)四(si)(si)個齡(ling)期。初孵(fu)幼蟲(chong)（一(yi)齡(ling)）身體(ti)很小，只有(you)2-3毫(hao)米，孵(fu)化后(hou)，就(jiu)聚集在(zai)原卵(luan)塊的(de)殘殼上，約經8-12小時(shi)，開始分散取食。約兩天后(hou)，蛻(tui)(tui)皮(pi)變為二齡(ling)，此時(shi)體(ti)長(chang)已(yi)增大一(yi)倍多，腹(fu)部(bu)第一(yi)節(jie)背面兩側，出現兩個黃色(se)肉(rou)瘤，三齡(ling)幼蟲(chong)除體(ti)長(chang)加大外，腹(fu)部(bu)第一(yi)、四(si)(si)兩節(jie)的(de)背面兩側，各(ge)有(you)一(yi)對(dui)黃色(se)肉(rou)瘤，但第四(si)(si)節(jie)的(de)肉(rou)瘤不很明顯(xian)，要用放(fang)大鏡才(cai)能看清楚，到四(si)(si)齡(ling)時(shi)，這兩對(dui)肉(rou)瘤都非常(chang)明顯(xian)。當幼蟲(chong)老熟時(shi)，體(ti)形(xing)變粗(cu)，最后(hou)以(yi)尾(wei)端(duan)固(gu)著在(zai)植株(zhu)等附(fu)著物上，準備化蛹。

蛹

體(ti)長(chang)7毫(hao)米，寬(kuan)5毫(hao)米。體(ti)黃色。前胸(xiong)背(bei)板前緣(yuan)有(you)4個黑點，中(zhong)央2個呈三角(jiao)形，前胸(xiong)背(bei)板后(hou)緣(yuan)中(zhong)央有(you)2個黑點，兩(liang)側角(jiao)有(you)2個黑斑。中(zhong)胸(xiong)背(bei)板有(you)2個黑斑。腹(fu)部第2-6節背(bei)面左右(you)有(you)4個黑斑。腹(fu)末帶有(you)末齡幼蟲的黑色蛻皮(pi)。

生活習性

食性特點

七(qi)星(xing)(xing)瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)下(xia)顎(e)(e)(e)須是它(ta)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)觸(chu)覺(jue)和(he)(he)嗅覺(jue)器官。七(qi)星(xing)(xing)瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)經常在蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)寄主(zhu)植物上(shang)爬動、搜索，當(dang)下(xia)顎(e)(e)(e)須觸(chu)到蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)時(shi)，能迅速地用上(shang)顎(e)(e)(e)咬(yao)住，將(jiang)蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)吞(tun)食(shi)(shi)(shi)。如(ru)果下(xia)顎(e)(e)(e)須沒有(you)觸(chu)到，即使蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)就在它(ta)的(de)(de)眼前(qian)，似乎也不(bu)(bu)能發現。七(qi)星(xing)(xing)瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)(he)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)雖都取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，但(dan)因(yin)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)態不(bu)(bu)同，口(kou)器結(jie)構不(bu)(bu)同，取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)方法也有(you)差別。成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)，通常將(jiang)蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)咬(yao)住，經過口(kou)器的(de)(de)簡單咀嚼后，將(jiang)蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)軀體(ti)、附肢等(deng)完全(quan)吞(tun)下(xia)。大齡幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)本上(shang)和(he)(he)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)一樣。但(dan)初齡幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)因(yin)口(kou)器小，吞(tun)食(shi)(shi)(shi)力差，取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)常在蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)上(shang)咬(yao)一個孔，吸食(shi)(shi)(shi)汁液，最后留下(xia)蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)體(ti)殘殼。一頭(tou)七(qi)星(xing)(xing)瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，平均一天吃(chi)(chi)(chi)棉(mian)蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)100-120頭(tou)，吃(chi)(chi)(chi)菜蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)147頭(tou)，吃(chi)(chi)(chi)杏蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)59頭(tou)。幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)量(liang)則因(yin)齡期的(de)(de)大小而不(bu)(bu)同，齡期小吃(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)少，齡期大吃(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)多。

七(qi)星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲有吃卵(luan)和(he)互相(xiang)捕食的(de)習性。在(zai)食物不(bu)足的(de)情況下，七(qi)星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲成蟲很容易吃掉已產下的(de)卵(luan)塊。即(ji)使(shi)有充足的(de)蚜蟲，它們也喜歡吃卵(luan)；幼(you)蟲則常(chang)互相(xiang)捕食。同一卵(luan)塊早(zao)孵出的(de)個(ge)體，常(chang)吃掉尚未(wei)孵化(hua)的(de)卵(luan)粒。大齡(ling)幼(you)蟲常(chang)吃掉小齡(ling)幼(you)蟲。蛹也常(chang)被成蟲和(he)大齡(ling)幼(you)蟲吃掉。

七(qi)星瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)雖然主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)吃(chi)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，但并不(bu)僅僅限(xian)于以蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)為食(shi)。中國(guo)北(bei)京(jing)的金(jin)山(shan)腳下，在(zai)秋天(tian)蒿草和荊(jing)條(tiao)上并沒有蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，七(qi)星瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)卻群(qun)集(ji)其上，數量很多(duo)。經過(guo)仔(zi)細觀察和消(xiao)化道解削并在(zai)顯微鏡下檢(jian)查，發現七(qi)星瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)在(zai)早春不(bu)僅吃(chi)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，還取(qu)食(shi)小土粒、真(zhen)菌孢子和一些小型昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)。秋天(tian)，七(qi)星瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)則(ze)常常取(qu)食(shi)植物(wu)的花(hua)粉(fen)。

發育過程

七星瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)一生經過(guo)卵、幼蟲(chong)(chong)、蛹(yong)、成蟲(chong)(chong)等四(si)個發育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)階段。七星瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)各(ge)蟲(chong)(chong)態(tai)的發育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)歷期，主要受食(shi)物(wu)和溫(wen)度的影(ying)響。在(zai)適宜的食(shi)物(wu)條(tiao)件下，溫(wen)度不(bu)同(tong)，發育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的速(su)率也(ye)(ye)不(bu)相同(tong)。幼蟲(chong)(chong)期在(zai)15℃條(tiao)件下，長(chang)達(da)44.1天(tian)，而在(zai)24-26℃時(shi)只有(you)8-9.4天(tian)。高(gao)于30℃發育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)速(su)率又(you)逐漸降(jiang)低，33℃時(shi)幼蟲(chong)(chong)期又(you)延長(chang)到16.2天(tian)。溫(wen)度不(bu)適宜時(shi)發育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)緩(huan)慢(man)的原因(yin)，除(chu)直接受溫(wen)度影(ying)響外，取(qu)食(shi)速(su)率低也(ye)(ye)有(you)關系。一頭四(si)齡幼蟲(chong)(chong)在(zai)25℃左右時(shi)，每天(tian)取(qu)食(shi)一百多頭蚜蟲(chong)(chong)，而在(zai)15℃時(shi)，僅取(qu)食(shi)十幾頭。

越冬行為

七(qi)星瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)以成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)越冬，多選擇(ze)較干燥(zao)、溫(wen)暖(nuan)的(de)枯枝落葉下、雜(za)(za)草基部近(jin)地面的(de)土塊下、土縫中、樹皮裂(lie)縫處潛伏，蟄伏越冬后(hou)，若遇溫(wen)度(du)回暖(nuan)，又爬出越冬場所(suo)活動。出蟄后(hou)的(de)七(qi)星瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)迅速在林木(mu)、雜(za)(za)草和(he)作(zuo)物之間活動，特別(bie)是帶蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)作(zuo)物與開花果木(mu)上(shang)。七(qi)星瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)是遷(qian)飛性昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)覓食行(xing)為屬(shu)于廣域搜索與區域集中搜索行(xing)為的(de)轉換。

避敵本領

七星(xing)瓢蟲有(you)(you)著驚人的(de)(de)避(bi)敵(di)本(ben)領。只要有(you)(you)天敵(di)來(lai)擾或受到外界突然的(de)(de)刺激，它(ta)(ta)(ta)就會發生一種(zhong)叫做“神經休克”現象，有(you)(you)點(dian)像失去知(zhi)覺似(si)的(de)(de)一動不動。“休克”過(guo)后(hou)，受到刺激的(de)(de)神經系(xi)統(tong)恢復正(zheng)常，它(ta)(ta)(ta)又清醒過(guo)來(lai)，開始爬行。這(zhe)種(zhong)“死(si)去活來(lai)”的(de)(de)舉止，人們稱它(ta)(ta)(ta)“假死(si)”。如(ru)果用手去捏它(ta)(ta)(ta)，它(ta)(ta)(ta)就會使出(chu)第(di)二(er)招避(bi)敵(di)本(ben)領，在它(ta)(ta)(ta)6條足上的(de)(de)各關節中間，滲出(chu)一種(zhong)黃色(se)汁液來(lai)，這(zhe)些汁液散發出(chu)來(lai)的(de)(de)辣臭味(wei)，可使人聞之感到膩煩，就連(lian)鳥類聞到這(zhe)種(zhong)怪味(wei)，也“退(tui)避(bi)三舍”。

飼養方法

野外捕捉

活動場所

七(qi)(qi)(qi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)瓢(piao)(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)在(zai)不同季節的活動(dong)(dong)場所不一樣。冬(dong)天(tian)，七(qi)(qi)(qi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)瓢(piao)(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)在(zai)小麥和(he)(he)油(you)菜的根莖(jing)間越冬(dong)，也有的在(zai)向陽的土塊、土縫中過冬(dong)。春天(tian)，一旦氣溫(wen)升到10℃以上(shang)(shang)，越冬(dong)的七(qi)(qi)(qi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)瓢(piao)(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)就蘇醒過來(lai)(lai)，開始(shi)活動(dong)(dong)，在(zai)麥類(lei)和(he)(he)油(you)菜植(zhi)(zhi)物株上(shang)(shang)能(neng)找到它。夏天(tian)，隨著氣溫(wen)升高和(he)(he)食物增多，七(qi)(qi)(qi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)瓢(piao)(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)大量繁(fan)殖，凡(fan)是(shi)有蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)和(he)(he)蚧蟲(chong)(chong)寄(ji)生的植(zhi)(zhi)物，如棉花、柳(liu)樹(shu)、槐樹(shu)、榆樹(shu)、豆類(lei)等植(zhi)(zhi)株上(shang)(shang)，都能(neng)找到七(qi)(qi)(qi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)瓢(piao)(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)，有時甚至出現(xian)大批(pi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)瓢(piao)(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)聚集(ji)的景象。秋天(tian)，田(tian)間七(qi)(qi)(qi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)瓢(piao)(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)的數量減少(shao)，它常在(zai)玉米、蘿卜(bu)和(he)(he)白菜等處產卵(luan)，這時候，早晚的氣溫(wen)較低(di)，七(qi)(qi)(qi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)瓢(piao)(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)往往隱蔽(bi)起來(lai)(lai)，不易發現(xian)，需在(zai)上(shang)(shang)午7點(dian)鐘以后至太陽下山之(zhi)前采集(ji)。

捕捉方法

越冬(dong)的七(qi)星(xing)(xing)瓢蟲(chong)不食不動(dong)，只要(yao)找到，捕捉很方便，用(yong)(yong)手(shou)就(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)捉住。其他季節(jie)的七(qi)星(xing)(xing)瓢蟲(chong)善爬(pa)能(neng)飛(fei)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)利用(yong)(yong)它假(jia)死習性，用(yong)(yong)塑料袋(dai)迅速套住棲息(xi)著(zhu)七(qi)星(xing)(xing)瓢蟲(chong)的枝(zhi)條，抖動(dong)一下，七(qi)星(xing)(xing)瓢蟲(chong)立(li)即掉落(luo)在袋(dai)里，接著(zhu)，把(ba)枝(zhi)條抽出，扎緊口(kou)袋(dai)，就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)帶(dai)回實驗室。

飼料培育

人工飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)七(qi)星(xing)(xing)瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，首先要解決飼(si)(si)(si)料問(wen)題。可以(yi)到野外采(cai)集天然飼(si)(si)(si)料蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，但這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)法費工多，有時還不易(yi)采(cai)到。所以(yi)用人工培(pei)養(yang)(yang)大(da)(da)量蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，滿足七(qi)星(xing)(xing)瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)食用。可用蠶(can)豆苗(miao)人工培(pei)養(yang)(yang)蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。當分栽的蠶(can)豆苗(miao)長出3-4厘米高時，把野外采(cai)集的少(shao)量蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放在(zai)豆苗(miao)上，在(zai)室溫(wen)20-30℃、相對濕度60-70%的條件下培(pei)養(yang)(yang)10-15天，蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)就(jiu)能大(da)(da)量繁殖(zhi)，這(zhe)時就(jiu)可用蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)作七(qi)星(xing)(xing)瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的飼(si)(si)(si)料。

飼養方法

將(jiang)蛹或(huo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)放入成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)飼(si)養籠(long)(long)內，每籠(long)(long)放雌蟲(chong)500-750頭(tou)，并搭配1/4的(de)雄蟲(chong)。成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)喂人(ren)工飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)或(huo)蚜蟲(chong)，每天喂飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)和加水。新羽化的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)，經(jing)過幾天的(de)取(qu)食，逐步達到(dao)性成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟，便交尾產(chan)(chan)卵(luan)。產(chan)(chan)卵(luan)時間多在晚上7-9點鐘。卵(luan)產(chan)(chan)在籠(long)(long)頂(ding)和內側的(de)紙上，收卵(luan)時，將(jiang)籠(long)(long)內的(de)紙取(qu)出，換(huan)上新鮮(xian)的(de)紙就(jiu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了。收卵(luan)每天1-2次，同時換(huan)飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)和水。收卵(luan)時先(xian)準備(bei)一批(pi)空飼(si)養籠(long)(long)，籠(long)(long)底打開，頂(ding)面(mian)向光，然后將(jiang)有蟲(chong)的(de)籠(long)(long)底面(mian)紗布拆開，籠(long)(long)底對(dui)準籠(long)(long)底，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)馬上向有光的(de)方向集中，進入新的(de)籠(long)(long)內。

成(cheng)蟲飼養時(shi)，如(ru)食料不足，就不產卵。成(cheng)蟲在黑暗條件下活(huo)躍，晚上可適當加(jia)光照，減少成(cheng)蟲活(huo)動(dong)，避免相互(hu)碰(peng)傷。

散發利用

七(qi)(qi)星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)大量繁殖后，可以(yi)放(fang)(fang)到田間，幫助人類消滅蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和蚧(jie)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。如(ru)棉田出現大量蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)危害(hai)，這時(shi)(shi)(shi)可以(yi)把(ba)七(qi)(qi)星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)散放(fang)(fang)到棉田里，它(ta)就能將蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)吃(chi)掉。散發時(shi)(shi)(shi)，在棉田邊(bian)走邊(bian)放(fang)(fang)七(qi)(qi)星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，走幾步放(fang)(fang)幾只，以(yi)求(qiu)散放(fang)(fang)均勻：①掌握(wo)好(hao)散放(fang)(fang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間，以(yi)傍(bang)晚時(shi)(shi)(shi)散放(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)宜。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)傍(bang)晚氣溫較(jiao)低(di)(di)，光線(xian)較(jiao)暗(an)，七(qi)(qi)星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)活動(dong)性較(jiao)弱(ruo)，不(bu)易(yi)遷(qian)(qian)飛(fei)；②采用成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)混放(fang)(fang)。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)沒有遷(qian)(qian)飛(fei)能力，不(bu)會逃(tao)(tao)逸，而(er)它(ta)也(ye)有吃(chi)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的本領；③散發前(qian)一天停止喂食，再進(jin)行(xing)散放(fang)(fang)，可以(yi)降低(di)(di)七(qi)(qi)星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)遷(qian)(qian)飛(fei)活動(dong)能力；④散放(fang)(fang)后兩天內，不(bu)進(jin)行(xing)中耕和其(qi)他田間管理，以(yi)免使七(qi)(qi)星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)受驚遷(qian)(qian)逃(tao)(tao)。

繁殖方式

自然繁殖

產卵

七(qi)星(xing)瓢蟲卵(luan)通(tong)常(chang)成塊地(di)產在(zai)莖葉或土塊上。卵(luan)粒梭形，豎立，整齊地(di)排列成塊。每個卵(luan)塊一般30粒左(zuo)右(you)。最多可達(da)百余粒，少的(de)則僅有(you)幾粒。剛產下(xia)的(de)卵(luan)淡黃(huang)色(se)，后逐漸(jian)變(bian)為杏(xing)黃(huang)色(se)。將孵化時，呈黑渴色(se)。

新羽(yu)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)七星瓢蟲(chong)(chong)成蟲(chong)(chong)，待體軀和翅鞘硬化(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)，便開(kai)始(shi)活動(dong)取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)，3-4天(tian)(tian)后(hou)(hou)交(jiao)尾。七星瓢蟲(chong)(chong)有多(duo)次交(jiao)尾習性，但(dan)經一(yi)次交(jiao)尾，雌蟲(chong)(chong)所(suo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)卵(luan)(luan)就(jiu)都能孵化(hua)(hua)。秋季越冬(dong)代成蟲(chong)(chong)交(jiao)尾后(hou)(hou)，雖活動(dong)取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)，但(dan)卵(luan)(luan)巢并不(bu)發育，翌春(chun)活動(dong)取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)才開(kai)始(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)。非越冬(dong)代成蟲(chong)(chong)交(jiao)尾3-5天(tian)(tian)后(hou)(hou)，便開(kai)始(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)。產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)開(kai)始(shi)以(yi)后(hou)(hou)，幾天(tian)(tian)內就(jiu)達到了高(gao)峰(feng)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)盛(sheng)期(qi)持續一(yi)個月左右(you)。在盛(sheng)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)33天(tian)(tian)里，產(chan)(chan)(chan)下了全部卵(luan)(luan)粒的(de)(de)(de)(de)95%以(yi)上。產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)盛(sheng)期(qi)，一(yi)頭雌蟲(chong)(chong)一(yi)天(tian)(tian)可(ke)產(chan)(chan)(chan)好幾個卵(luan)(luan)塊。七星瓢蟲(chong)(chong)因取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)種類不(bu)同(tong)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)小(xiao)也(ye)不(bu)同(tong)。取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)它喜歡(huan)(huan)吃的(de)(de)(de)(de)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)時(shi)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)量(liang)(liang)就(jiu)大(da)(da)，取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)不(bu)害歡(huan)(huan)吃的(de)(de)(de)(de)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)時(shi)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)量(liang)(liang)就(jiu)小(xiao)。

卵期及壽命

七星(xing)瓢蟲(chong)(chong)卵(luan)期長(chang)短和溫度(du)有(you)關系，當16-17℃時，卵(luan)期8天，24-26℃時，卵(luan)期僅2-3天。七星(xing)瓢蟲(chong)(chong)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)壽命(ming)因(yin)世代不同而有(you)較大(da)差異。越(yue)冬代成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)壽命(ming)一(yi)般都較長(chang)，可(ke)達8-10個月，非越(yue)冬代成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)一(yi)般可(ke)活2-3個月。

生殖滯育

七星瓢蟲的(de)生殖(zhi)(zhi)滯育(yu)(yu)(yu)突出地表現于(yu)2個方面：①種群中(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)卵雌(ci)蟲所(suo)占的(de)比例(li)，簡稱為(wei)產(chan)卵率，無滯育(yu)(yu)(yu)時達100%；如(ru)越冬后(hou)蚜蟲充足時便是如(ru)此。而(er)其(qi)第(di)二代則因有(you)生殖(zhi)(zhi)滯育(yu)(yu)(yu)，產(chan)卵率下降。②成蟲羽(yu)化(hua)后(hou)產(chan)卵前期(qi)延(yan)長的(de)程度，這主要由卵巢(chao)發(fa)育(yu)(yu)(yu)緩慢或暫時停(ting)頓所(suo)造成。顯(xian)示出這種差(cha)異的(de)是雌(ci)蟲。而(er)雄蟲在滯育(yu)(yu)(yu)期(qi)間其(qi)行為(wei)、趨性(xing)和生殖(zhi)(zhi)附腺的(de)分泌活動雖(sui)與生殖(zhi)(zhi)期(qi)有(you)所(suo)不(bu)同，但(dan)仍可交尾，睪(gao)丸中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)成熟精子。雌(ci)蟲滯育(yu)(yu)(yu)時卵巢(chao)管停(ting)止于(yu)原卵區階段，濾泡不(bu)進行發(fa)育(yu)(yu)(yu)。這時咽側體及其(qi)細胞體積均小，無合成保幼激素的(de)活性(xing)。體內(nei)積累(lei)較多的(de)營養物質，脂肪(fang)體雖(sui)很發(fa)達，但(dan)不(bu)合成卵黃原蛋白。

人工繁殖

卵的收集

早春(chun)田間(jian)采(cai)集的(de)(de)(de)越冬代七星(xing)瓢蟲(chong)，因(yin)其發育階段不同，一般(ban)采(cai)回飼養(yang)1-7天后即開(kai)始(shi)產(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)。瓢蟲(chong)產(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)沒有(you)(you)固定的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)，產(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)的(de)(de)(de)地點也沒有(you)(you)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)選擇性，在盒(he)(he)壁(bi)及植(zhi)物(wu)上(shang)(shang)都(dou)可產(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)，為了(le)集卵(luan)(luan)(luan)的(de)(de)(de)方便，可以裁(cai)一長(chang)22厘米、寬(kuan)5厘米的(de)(de)(de)薄紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，卷成紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筒，襯(chen)在紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盒(he)(he)內(nei)或(huo)玻璃(li)器內(nei)，使其盡量(liang)緊(jin)貼(tie)在紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盒(he)(he)內(nei)壁(bi)，這樣卵(luan)(luan)(luan)多(duo)產(chan)(chan)在襯(chen)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)。采(cai)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)時(shi)，可將(jiang)襯(chen)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)取出，將(jiang)有(you)(you)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)粒(li)(li)部(bu)位的(de)(de)(de)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)剪(jian)下，放另外的(de)(de)(de)空紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盒(he)(he)中，然后再(zai)用紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)片(pian)補(bu)好襯(chen)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，仍(reng)放盒(he)(he)內(nei)再(zai)用。取卵(luan)(luan)(luan)時(shi)應仔細(xi)檢查盒(he)(he)內(nei)植(zhi)物(wu)上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)無(wu)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)粒(li)(li)，特別在氣候干(gan)燥時(shi)，植(zhi)物(wu)常(chang)常(chang)干(gan)縮，卵(luan)(luan)(luan)粒(li)(li)常(chang)隱藏(zang)其中，如發現卵(luan)(luan)(luan)粒(li)(li)，應將(jiang)帶有(you)(you)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)粒(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)位剪(jian)下。如果用瓶養(yang)，瓢蟲(chong)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)產(chan)(chan)在瓶壁(bi)上(shang)(shang)，取卵(luan)(luan)(luan)時(shi)可用毛筆沾少(shao)(shao)許清水，將(jiang)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)濕潤，經數秒鐘后，再(zai)用毛筆尖輕輕將(jiang)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)撥(bo)下，放在涂(tu)有(you)(you)少(shao)(shao)許稀(xi)漿糊的(de)(de)(de)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)，只(zhi)要(yao)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)粒(li)(li)保(bao)持完整(zheng)，仍(reng)然正(zheng)常(chang)孵化(hua)。但(dan)這樣取卵(luan)(luan)(luan)，很難保(bao)證全部(bu)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)粒(li)(li)完整(zheng)無(wu)損，且操作費(fei)時(shi)，因(yin)此在大規模(mo)飼養(yang)瓢蟲(chong)寸(cun)，仍(reng)以紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盒(he)(he)為宜。

瓢蟲成蟲有取(qu)食卵粒的習(xi)性，產(chan)卵后，應(ying)及時(shi)將卵粒取(qu)走。每日取(qu)卵的時(shi)間(jian)，可結合兩次(ci)喂食同時(shi)進行，邊(bian)換飼料、邊(bian)取(qu)卵。產(chan)卵高峰期，最(zui)好能每日取(qu)卵三次(ci)。

卵的保存

七星瓢(piao)蟲的(de)卵(luan)是一粒(li)粒(li)豎立成(cheng)排，形成(cheng)整(zheng)齊的(de)卵(luan)塊(kuai)，由飼養(yang)盒中取(qu)出(chu)以(yi)后(hou)堆放(fang)在一起(qi)，很(hen)容易彼此(ci)摩擦，影響(xiang)孵化(hua)率。七星瓢(piao)蟲的(de)卵(luan)在20℃時(shi)(shi)，只(zhi)需5-6天(tian)即可孵化(hua)。25℃時(shi)(shi)只(zhi)需3天(tian)即可孵化(hua)。如果長時(shi)(shi)間(jian)堆放(fang)在一起(qi)，不僅(jin)降低孵化(hua)率，而(er)且幼蟲孵化(hua)以(yi)后(hou)，也不便(bian)于收集飼養(yang)。因此(ci)，每次取(qu)出(chu)卵(luan)粒(li)以(yi)后(hou)，應及時(shi)(shi)進行處理(li)。可通過制取(qu)卵(luan)卡解決以(yi)上問題(ti)。

七星瓢(piao)蟲(chong)的(de)(de)產卵(luan)(luan)(luan)期(qi)(qi)可(ke)長(chang)達20-30天(tian)(tian)(tian)，產卵(luan)(luan)(luan)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)峰期(qi)(qi)亦(yi)有(you)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)，因此(ci)，收集(ji)的(de)(de)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)塊必須立即進(jin)行低(di)溫(wen)保(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)(cun)，以(yi)(yi)防止(zhi)逐日孵(fu)化不(bu)便集(ji)中使(shi)用。加之(zhi)自然氣候的(de)(de)變化或人工飼養瓢(piao)蟲(chong)的(de)(de)條件改(gai)變，都會(hui)造成(cheng)瓢(piao)蟲(chong)的(de)(de)產卵(luan)(luan)(luan)高(gao)(gao)峰期(qi)(qi)、卵(luan)(luan)(luan)的(de)(de)孵(fu)化期(qi)(qi)與田間(jian)(jian)(jian)蚜蟲(chong)發生的(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)相配合(he)，也常(chang)需要對卵(luan)(luan)(luan)做低(di)溫(wen)保(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)(cun)。保(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)長(chang)短(duan)，溫(wen)度(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)低(di)都有(you)一定的(de)(de)限度(du)(du)。在(zai)(zai)0℃時(shi)保(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)(cun)3天(tian)(tian)(tian)，其(qi)孵(fu)化率(lv)(lv)仍(reng)能(neng)達到70%以(yi)(yi)上。超過3天(tian)(tian)(tian)，孵(fu)化率(lv)(lv)大為降低(di)。如在(zai)(zai)4℃時(shi)，可(ke)保(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)(cun)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)，孵(fu)化率(lv)(lv)在(zai)(zai)70%以(yi)(yi)上。在(zai)(zai)11-13℃之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，卵(luan)(luan)(luan)可(ke)保(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)(cun)20天(tian)(tian)(tian)，其(qi)孵(fu)化率(lv)(lv)仍(reng)然達到80%左右(you)。實驗表明，七星瓢(piao)蟲(chong)發育起點(dian)溫(wen)度(du)(du)為10℃左右(you)，低(di)于這(zhe)個溫(wen)度(du)(du)，瓢(piao)蟲(chong)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)雖可(ke)短(duan)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)保(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)(cun)，但其(qi)成(cheng)活率(lv)(lv)不(bu)高(gao)(gao)。如保(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)發育起點(dian)溫(wen)度(du)(du)之(zhi)上，保(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)(cun)天(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)較(jiao)長(chang)，孵(fu)化率(lv)(lv)亦(yi)高(gao)(gao)。因此(ci)，卵(luan)(luan)(luan)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)(cun)溫(wen)度(du)(du)以(yi)(yi)10-12℃為宜。

卵的孵化

卵(luan)的(de)孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)要求有一定的(de)溫濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)條件(jian)(jian)。在(zai)(zai)發育起(qi)點溫度(du)(du)以上，卵(luan)雖然可以孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)，但(dan)其最(zui)適宜的(de)溫度(du)(du)是20-25℃，相對濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)70-80%。因(yin)此在(zai)(zai)卵(luan)需(xu)要孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)時(shi)(shi)，應(ying)由貯存(cun)處取(qu)回(hui)，放(fang)于(yu)室溫中進行(xing)。一般在(zai)(zai)棉蚜開始遷飛棉田時(shi)(shi)，日平均(jun)溫度(du)(du)皆在(zai)(zai)15℃左右，均(jun)能滿足卵(luan)的(de)孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)溫度(du)(du)條件(jian)(jian)，孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)的(de)關鍵條件(jian)(jian)就在(zai)(zai)于(yu)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)。如濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)80%以上，小(xiao)幼(you)蟲(chong)很容易(yi)由卵(luan)殼內(nei)(nei)孵(fu)(fu)(fu)出，但(dan)在(zai)(zai)干燥低濕(shi)(shi)的(de)條件(jian)(jian)下(xia)，小(xiao)幼(you)蟲(chong)常(chang)在(zai)(zai)卵(luan)口處掙扎，不易(yi)脫出。嚴重時(shi)(shi)，甚至不孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)。因(yin)此大(da)量的(de)卵(luan)需(xu)要孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)時(shi)(shi)，應(ying)創造高濕(shi)(shi)條件(jian)(jian)。孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)時(shi)(shi)可在(zai)(zai)孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)室內(nei)(nei)地面潑水(shui)，掛濕(shi)(shi)布(bu)等(deng)，增加室內(nei)(nei)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)；亦(yi)可同時(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)盛放(fang)卵(luan)卡的(de)容器內(nei)(nei)放(fang)濕(shi)(shi)棉球，容器頂部再蓋以濕(shi)(shi)布(bu)，增加卵(luan)卡周圍水(shui)分的(de)蒸發條件(jian)(jian)，經(jing)過這樣處理以后，卵(luan)的(de)孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)時(shi)(shi)間較快，孵(fu)(fu)(fu)出后小(xiao)幼(you)蟲(chong)生(sheng)命(ming)力較強。

卵孵(fu)化時，應加(jia)強檢查與管(guan)理，每日至(zhi)少(shao)檢查4次，發(fa)現幼蟲孵(fu)出(chu)后，應及(ji)時取(qu)出(chu)。在(zai)卵的(de)孵(fu)化高峰時，應3-4小時檢查一(yi)次，并(bing)且要求日夜有人看管(guan)。