芒果视频下载

生長與分布

食蚜蠅分(fen)布(bu)(bu)很廣，從遼寧到廣東，從臺灣云南均有分(fen)布(bu)(bu)；也(ye)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)于東南亞，日(ri)本，朝鮮(xian)，俄羅斯等地。

形態及特征

食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蠅(ying)(ying)(ying)是常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)天敵昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)，以幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)捕(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)著稱。但(dan)實際上，還有(you)(you)不(bu)少(shao)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蠅(ying)(ying)(ying)種類(lei)(lei)，它們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)并不(bu)捕(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)是植(zhi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)，幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)在植(zhi)物體(ti)(ti)內取食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)植(zhi)物的(de)(de)(de)組織(zhi)，或者(zhe)是腐(fu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)，幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)以腐(fu)敗的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)機物或禽(qin)畜糞便(bian)為(wei)(wei)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。即使在捕(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蠅(ying)(ying)(ying)中，也可(ke)以其(qi)他昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)為(wei)(wei)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，如(ru)(ru)捕(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鱗翅(chi)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)、葉蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)，或甚至捕(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)他的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蠅(ying)(ying)(ying)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)。圖《食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蠅(ying)(ying)(ying)頭部特寫》中所示(shi)的(de)(de)(de)羽(yu)芒寬(kuan)(kuan)盾食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蠅(ying)(ying)(ying)不(bu)是捕(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)，幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)屬(shu)于(yu)腐(fu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)。食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蠅(ying)(ying)(ying)成蟲(chong)(chong)腹部多有(you)(you)黃、黑斑(ban)紋，不(bu)少(shao)種類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)擬態現象(xiang)，往往被誤認為(wei)(wei)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。由于(yu)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)很(hen)強大，腹末有(you)(you)刺，不(bu)好惹；中胸背(bei)板黑色(se)，具銅色(se)光澤，腹部狹卵形，黑色(se)，食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蠅(ying)(ying)(ying)由于(yu)像蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，從而(er)(er)(er)(er)起到保護(hu)作用。但(dan)如(ru)(ru)果我們(men)(men)仔細觀察(cha)一番，不(bu)難區分。食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蠅(ying)(ying)(ying)屬(shu)于(yu)雙翅(chi)目(mu)，即體(ti)(ti)上只有(you)(you)一對翅(chi)膀，而(er)(er)(er)(er)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)類(lei)(lei)屬(shu)膜翅(chi)目(mu)，體(ti)(ti)上有(you)(you)二對翅(chi)膀；食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蠅(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)觸角(jiao)短(duan)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)類(lei)(lei)觸角(jiao)較長(chang)；食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蠅(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)足(zu)纖細，而(er)(er)(er)(er)常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)蜜(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)等蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)比較寬(kuan)(kuan)闊(kuo)的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)足(zu)，用以收集花粉。對于(yu)熟悉食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蠅(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)來說，即使在飛行(xing)中也可(ke)以看出它們(men)(men)與蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)一樣來：食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蠅(ying)(ying)(ying)在飛行(xing)時能較長(chang)時間懸定于(yu)空中某一點，后(hou)突然(ran)飛到附(fu)近(jin)另一點，飛行(xing)動(dong)作平(ping)穩(wen)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)類(lei)(lei)飛行(xing)時常(chang)常(chang)有(you)(you)輕微的(de)(de)(de)左右擺動(dong)。

生活習性

食蚜蠅成(cheng)蟲早春出現(xian)，春夏(xia)季盛發(fa)，性喜(xi)陽光，常(chang)(chang)(chang)飛(fei)(fei)舞花(hua)間草叢(cong)或(huo)芳香植物上，取(qu)食花(hua)粉(fen)、花(hua)蜜，并傳播(bo)花(hua)粉(fen)，時或(huo)吸取(qu)樹汁。成(cheng)蟲飛(fei)(fei)翔力強，常(chang)(chang)(chang)翱翔空中(zhong)，或(huo)振動雙翅(chi)在空中(zhong)停留(liu)不動，或(huo)突然作(zuo)直線高速(su)飛(fei)(fei)行(xing)而后盤(pan)旋徘徊(huai)。食蚜蠅本身無螫(shi)刺或(huo)叮咬能力，但常(chang)(chang)(chang)有各種(zhong)擬(ni)態，在體型、色澤上常(chang)(chang)(chang)摹(mo)仿(fang)黃蜂或(huo)蜜蜂，且能仿(fang)效蜂類作(zuo)螫(shi)刺動作(zuo)。如體大、被毛、具黃黑斑紋(wen)的(de)(de)屬摹(mo)仿(fang)熊蜂，并能發(fa)出蜜蜂一樣的(de)(de)嗡嗡聲。蟻穴(xue)蚜蠅亞(ya)科的(de)(de)某些種(zhong)類摹(mo)仿(fang)蜜蜂。

幼蟲(chong)(chong)生活(huo)習(xi)性復雜(za)，因此(ci)，口器隨種(zhong)類而異。例如：腐(fu)食性種(zhong)類以(yi)腐(fu)敗的(de)(de)動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)為(wei)食，并(bing)在其中越冬；也有(you)部(bu)(bu)分幼蟲(chong)(chong)生活(huo)于(yu)污水中。此(ci)外，某(mou)些(xie)類群的(de)(de)幼蟲(chong)(chong)生活(huo)在其他昆蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)巢內，吞(tun)食已死的(de)(de)幼蟲(chong)(chong)和(he)蛹以(yi)及(ji)某(mou)些(xie)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)排泄物(wu)(wu)。植食性種(zhong)類鉆入植物(wu)(wu)木質部(bu)(bu)中生活(huo)，有(you)的(de)(de)為(wei)害植物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)球莖。捕食性種(zhong)類則以(yi)捕食蚜蟲(chong)(chong)為(wei)主，是蚜蟲(chong)(chong)、介殼蟲(chong)(chong)、粉虱、葉(xie)蟬、薊馬(ma)、鱗翅目小幼蟲(chong)(chong)等(deng)的(de)(de)有(you)效天敵(di)。

成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)羽化后(hou)必須取(qu)食花粉(fen)才能發育繁殖，否則卵巢不(bu)能發育。許多種類的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)在(zai)露天或樹林(lin)中飛翔交配(pei)，交配(pei)時(shi)間僅1～2秒鐘。雌蟲(chong)(chong)產卵于(yu)蚜(ya)群中或其附近，以便幼蟲(chong)(chong)孵化后(hou)即(ji)(ji)能得到充足的(de)(de)(de)食料。有時(shi)也產卵于(yu)葉上或莖部。幼蟲(chong)(chong)孵出后(hou)立即(ji)(ji)能捕食周圍的(de)(de)(de)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)。某些種類的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)熟幼蟲(chong)(chong)有遷移現(xian)象。一(yi)般以幼蟲(chong)(chong)或蛹在(zai)土中、石下、枯枝落葉下越(yue)冬，少(shao)數以成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)越(yue)冬。