山西洪(hong)洞(dong)汾(fen)河國家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園位于山西省洪(hong)洞(dong)縣,批準建設于2015年(nian)12月,地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)臨汾(fen)盆地(di)(di)(di)北部(bu),主體包(bao)括汾(fen)河洪(hong)洞(dong)段(duan)全(quan)段(duan),濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園的濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)類型包(bao)括河流濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、沼澤濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)和人工濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)三(san)種。總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)1295.01公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing),濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)1036.52公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing),濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)率(lv)80.04%。濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園劃分(fen)為五大功能區(qu),即濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)保育區(qu)、恢復(fu)重建區(qu)、宣教(jiao)(jiao)展示區(qu)、合理(li)(li)利(li)用區(qu)及管理(li)(li)服(fu)務區(qu)。其(qi)中濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)保育區(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)881.92公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing),占濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的68.10%;恢復(fu)重建區(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)326.94公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing),占濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的25.25%;科普宣教(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)65.53公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing),占濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的5.06%;合理(li)(li)利(li)用區(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)16.65公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing),占濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的1.28%;管理(li)(li)服(fu)務區(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)3.97公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing),占濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的0.31%。
山西洪(hong)洞(dong)汾(fen)河(he)國家(jia)濕(shi)地公園位(wei)于山西省(sheng)洪(hong)洞(dong)縣,主體包括汾(fen)河(he)洪(hong)洞(dong)段全段,東北(bei)至堤(di)村(cun)(cun)鄉楊洼莊村(cun)(cun),西南(nan)至甘(gan)亭鎮(zhen)天井(jing)村(cun)(cun),大致呈(cheng)南(nan)北(bei)走向(xiang),規(gui)(gui)劃范(fan)圍(wei)主要包括汾(fen)河(he)河(he)堤(di)內的水(shui)體、河(he)灘地和河(he)流階地等。規(gui)(gui)劃范(fan)圍(wei)內汾(fen)河(he)流程45.8千(qian)米,介于東經111°33′35″—111°41′56″,北(bei)緯(wei)36°09′48″—36°30′06″之(zhi)間。
濕(shi)地公園的濕(shi)地類型包括(kuo)河流濕(shi)地、沼(zhao)澤濕(shi)地和人(ren)工濕(shi)地三種。總(zong)面積1295.01公頃(qing),濕(shi)地面積1036.52公頃(qing),濕(shi)地率80.04%。
濕地公園內野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物資源豐富,有野(ye)生維管(guan)束植(zhi)物66科197屬379種(zhong),有國家Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)野(ye)生植(zhi)物野(ye)大豆1種(zhong)。有野(ye)生脊(ji)椎動(dong)(dong)物25目(mu)50科145種(zhong),其中有國家Ⅰ級(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物黑鸛1種(zhong),國家Ⅱ級(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物白琵鷺(lu)、大鵟等8種(zhong),山西省重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物蒼鷺(lu)、池鷺(lu)等8種(zhong)。
濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園是山西丘陵地(di)區(qu)具有典(dian)型性、代表性的河(he)(he)流濕(shi)地(di),濕(shi)地(di)類型豐(feng)富,河(he)(he)流水量(liang)豐(feng)沛(pei),泥沙(sha)含(han)量(liang)較大,淤積速度快(kuai),河(he)(he)漫灘(tan)濕(shi)地(di)發育充(chong)分。
河道(dao)形(xing)態自然,坡降(jiang)平緩,濕地(di)水(shui)(shui)量季節變化規(gui)律(lv)明顯(xian),濕地(di)特征顯(xian)著,河灘(tan)及河心洲(zhou)草木(mu)叢生,生物多(duo)樣性豐富,生態系統較為完整,能較大發揮濕地(di)的涵養水(shui)(shui)源、保持水(shui)(shui)土、調節氣(qi)候等功(gong)能。