譚鐘麟(1822-1905),湖(hu)南茶陵(ling)人,清末政治人物。是咸(xian)豐六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1856年(nian)(nian)(nian))進士(shi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)輕時曾(ceng)游歷陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西,對陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西的風土人情(qing)有所了解。同治十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1871年(nian)(nian)(nian)),由陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)甘總督左宗棠奏準調入陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西,出任陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西布政使(shi),不(bu)久便護理巡撫。來陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)任職前(qian),陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西曾(ceng)發生(sheng)回(hui)(hui)民起義(yi),回(hui)(hui)漢(han)矛盾尖(jian)銳,許多回(hui)(hui)民難以為生(sheng)。他(ta)到任后,解除(chu)了不(bu)許回(hui)(hui)民出城(cheng)(cheng)的禁(jin)(jin)令,并(bing)指示各(ge)府縣(xian)秉公(gong)處理回(hui)(hui)漢(han)訴訟,贏得陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西回(hui)(hui)民贊譽。他(ta)重視教(jiao)育,對建于(yu)明萬歷二十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1592年(nian)(nian)(nian))、已(yi)有兩百(bai)余年(nian)(nian)(nian)歷史、當時卻幾(ji)近關(guan)(guan)閉的關(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan),下大力氣進行(xing)整頓,參(can)照朱子(zi)白鹿洞(dong)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)的規(gui)章和課程設置,修訂了關(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)的課程,并(bing)提(ti)出重躬行(xing)、講經義(yi)、稽史事、通時務、嚴課程五項辦學要(yao)求,使(shi)關(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)重新(xin)振興(xing)。他(ta)還注重實業,督導興(xing)修水利,疏通白公(gong)渠;發放(fang)蠶種紙,鼓勵百(bai)姓(xing)種桑養蠶,使(shi)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西絲(si)織業大興(xing)。光緒(xu)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)三(san)月十五日(1875年(nian)(nian)(nian)4月20日)實授陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西巡撫,賞一品頂(ding)戴并(bing)賞頂(ding)戴花翎。三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1877年(nian)(nian)(nian))陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西大旱。譚鐘麟奏請緩征(zheng)蒲城(cheng)(cheng)、綏德等49廳州縣(xian)本年(nian)(nian)(nian)未征(zheng)和舊欠錢(qian)糧(liang);急調各(ge)州縣(xian)社倉庫糧(liang)賑(zhen)(zhen)濟災民;本省(sheng)賑(zhen)(zhen)糧(liang)不(bu)敷,他(ta)通過朝廷向(xiang)閩、粵海(hai)關(guan)(guan)借銀,解決向(xiang)外省(sheng)購(gou)糧(liang)、運糧(liang)所需經費。賑(zhen)(zhen)災中(zhong)(zhong),他(ta)嚴禁(jin)(jin)囤積居奇,嚴懲肥私官(guan)吏,使(shi)災年(nian)(nian)(nian)平穩(wen)渡(du)過。
光緒五(wu)年(nian)(1879年(nian))秋調(diao)任浙江巡撫,加兵部尚書(shu)銜。他(ta)(ta)派人(ren)清查(cha)土地,核實漕(cao)平,更定厘(li)稅(shui),治(zhi)浚河(he)(he)道(dao)(dao),鼓勵商運(yun),修(xiu)筑炮臺,重建(jian)(jian)(jian)文(wen)瀾閣并珍藏乾(qian)隆帝賜予的(de)“四庫全書(shu)”,名(ming)震一方。兩(liang)年(nian)后(hou),調(diao)任陜甘(gan)總(zong)督(du)。為準備(bei)新疆建(jian)(jian)(jian)立行省(sheng),他(ta)(ta)于八年(nian)(1882年(nian))曾(ceng)奏請(qing)在(zai)新疆南路設置丞(cheng)倅(cui)牧令道(dao)(dao)員;十年(nian)(1884年(nian))新疆正式建(jian)(jian)(jian)省(sheng)后(hou),他(ta)(ta)為改變(bian)每年(nian)向新疆調(diao)運(yun)糧餉征用大批民車的(de)做法(fa),專設官車局,減輕了百(bai)姓(xing)負擔。為解(jie)決鹽販哄抬鹽價(jia)問題,他(ta)(ta)制訂就(jiu)場征課法(fa),使(shi)食鹽價(jia)格下(xia)降。還在(zai)蘭州(zhou)創建(jian)(jian)(jian)求(qiu)古書(shu)院,在(zai)甘(gan)州(zhou)(今甘(gan)肅張掖)創建(jian)(jian)(jian)河(he)(he)西精舍(she),選拔文(wen)人(ren)學(xue)者(zhe)著(zhu)書(shu)講(jiang)學(xue)。十一年(nian)(1885年(nian))中法(fa)戰爭爆發。他(ta)(ta)上奏朝(chao)廷,請(qing)求(qiu)率軍迎(ying)敵,未允。十四年(nian)(1888年(nian))黃河(he)(he)決口(kou),主動籌集60萬(wan)兩(liang)白銀(yin)援助河(he)(he)南修(xiu)堤、賑災。任陜甘(gan)總(zong)督(du)六(liu)年(nian)半,陜甘(gan)文(wen)化和經濟均(jun)有(you)發展,庫儲銀(yin)百(bai)余萬(wan)兩(liang),各(ge)州(zhou)縣積谷數百(bai)萬(wan)石,比(bi)他(ta)(ta)就(jiu)任時(shi)增長十倍以上。同年(nian)(1888年(nian))以目疾開缺回籍養病。
十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(1891年(nian)(nian))春奉(feng)旨入京,以尚(shang)(shang)書銜補吏部左(zuo)(zuo)侍郎(lang)(lang),后(hou)歷任戶部左(zuo)(zuo)侍郎(lang)(lang)、工(gong)部尚(shang)(shang)書、閩(min)浙總(zong)督、四川總(zong)督等職。二十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(1894年(nian)(nian))加(jia)賞(shang)太子少保銜。二十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(1895年(nian)(nian))春調任兩(liang)廣(guang)(guang)總(zong)督,殘酷(ku)鎮壓了孫中山領導的乙未廣(guang)(guang)州(zhou)起義。二十(shi)五年(nian)(nian) (1899年(nian)(nian)),上諭令譚(tan)鐘麟(lin)赴北京覲(jin)見(jian),次年(nian)(nian)李鴻(hong)章(zhang)實授兩(liang)廣(guang)(guang)總(zong)督。三(san)十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(1905年(nian)(nian)),譚(tan)鐘麟(lin)逝世(shi),終年(nian)(nian)83歲,謚(shi)文勤。