《現(xian)代中(zhong)國的(de)形成》由 [美(mei)]李懷印(yin)著,廣西師(shi)范(fan)大學(xue)出(chu)版(ban)社出(chu)版(ban)。
一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)現代(dai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng),離不(bu)(bu)開四個(ge)(ge)基本要(yao)素,即領土、人口、政(zheng)府和主權(quan)。所(suo)(suo)以,我們要(yao)認識現代(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),至少須(xu)回(hui)答(da):中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)以漢人為(wei)(wei)主體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)內地(di)各省和以少數民族(zu)為(wei)(wei)主體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)各邊(bian)疆所(suo)(suo)組成(cheng)的(de)(de)多民族(zu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia),在(zai)19世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)之(zhi)前是如何(he)(he)成(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)并得以維(wei)系的(de)(de)?它在(zai)19世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)被(bei)卷入世(shi)(shi)界范圍的(de)(de)主權(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)體(ti)(ti)系之(zhi)后,是如何(he)(he)維(wei)持自身(shen)的(de)(de)生存尤其是既有(you)(you)疆域,并在(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際上(shang)獲(huo)得對(dui)其主權(quan)的(de)(de)確認的(de)(de)?20世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)以來(lai)不(bu)(bu)同形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)態的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi),又(you)是在(zai)怎(zen)樣的(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)背景(jing)下以及通過何(he)(he)種路徑(jing)而(er)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)?歸根到底(di),我們需要(yao)回(hui)答(da),今天的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)究竟(jing)從何(he)(he)而(er)來(lai)?其疆域構成(cheng)、族(zu)群組合(he)和政(zheng)權(quan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)態是否具(ju)有(you)(you)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)的(de)(de)合(he)理性(xing)?她到底(di)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)具(ju)有(you)(you)生命力的(de)(de)現代(dai)民族(zu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia),抑或一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)在(zai)疆域整合(he)和政(zheng)治認同方(fang)(fang)面(mian)依然面(mian)臨重(zhong)重(zhong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)(de)非常態國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)?這些問(wen)題(ti)不(bu)(bu)解釋(shi)清(qing)楚,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)現代(dai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)正當性(xing),及其在(zai)西方(fang)(fang)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)經驗(yan)基礎上(shang)所(suo)(suo)建構的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際政(zheng)治話(hua)語中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)合(he)法性(xing),便會受到質疑。
欲重新(xin)認識現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)國,有必要(yao)從(cong)過去宏(hong)大(da)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)敘(xu)事(shi)的(de)(de)(de)窠(ke)臼以(yi)及“碎片化”的(de)(de)(de)泥潭里解放出(chu)來,站在新(xin)千年的(de)(de)(de)全球地緣政(zheng)治的(de)(de)(de)高度(du),重新(xin)探究對(dui)今(jin)日(ri)中(zhong)(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)認識最具挑戰(zhan)性的(de)(de)(de)問題。如果我們對(dui)當代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)國不是僅僅從(cong)政(zheng)權(quan)(quan)性質的(de)(de)(de)角度(du)加(jia)以(yi)界(jie)定,而(er)是從(cong)更寬廣的(de)(de)(de)角度(du),把它定義為(wei)一個現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)主(zhu)權(quan)(quan)國家,那么,整個中(zhong)(zhong)國近(jin)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)宏(hong)大(da)敘(xu)事(shi)和(he)概念架構,均有待重構。在前(qian)述組成現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)國家的(de)(de)(de)四(si)個基(ji)本要(yao)素中(zhong)(zhong),除政(zheng)權(quan)(quan)外,還(huan)必須考慮到(dao)疆域、族(zu)群構成和(he)主(zhu)權(quan)(quan)形(xing)成問題。最為(wei)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)是,政(zheng)權(quan)(quan)本身也必須放在國家形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)宏(hong)觀歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)視野里加(jia)以(yi)理(li)解。中(zhong)(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)近(jin)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)史(shi),換句話說,是中(zhong)(zhong)國朝(chao)向一個現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)主(zhu)權(quan)(quan)國家轉型的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)。這一歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)時間跨(kua)度(du)和(he)涵(han)蓋范圍,遠(yuan)遠(yuan)超出(chu)了過去以(yi)革命或現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化為(wei)主(zhu)敘(xu)事(shi)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)書寫。
李懷印,美國(guo)(guo)加州大學(xue)洛杉磯分校歷史(shi)(shi)學(xue)博士,德克薩斯大學(xue)奧斯汀分校歷史(shi)(shi)系教授,東(dong)亞研(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)心主(zhu)任(2015-2020)。主(zhu)要論著有The Making of the Modern Chinese State: 1600-1950 (Routledge, 2019),Reinventing Modern China: Imagination and Authenticity in Chinese Historical Writing (University of Hawaii Press, 2013)(中(zhong)(zhong)文版《重構(gou)近(jin)代(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo):中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)歷史(shi)(shi)寫(xie)作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)想象與(yu)真實》),Village China under Socialism and Reform: A Micro-History, 1948-2008 (Stanford University Press, 2009)(中(zhong)(zhong)文版《鄉村中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)紀事:集體化(hua)和(he)改革的(de)微觀(guan)歷程》),Village Governance in North China, 1875-1936 (Stanford University Press, 2005)(中(zhong)(zhong)文版《華北村治:晚清和(he)民國(guo)(guo)時(shi)期(qi)的(de)國(guo)(guo)家與(yu)鄉村》)等(deng)(deng)。主(zhu)編(bian)兩套大型(xing)叢書:“Rethinking Socialism and Reform in China”( “中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)義和(he)改革道路的(de)再思考”叢書)和(he) “Studies in Contemporary Chinese History”( “當代(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)史(shi)(shi)研(yan)究(jiu)”叢書)。2000年(nian)以來,在海內(nei)外頂尖學(xue)術期(qi)刊History and Theory, China Quarterly, Modern China, The China Journal,《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)社(she)會(hui)科學(xue)》、《歷史(shi)(shi)研(yan)究(jiu)》等(deng)(deng)發表論文30余篇,并(bing)擔任Twentieth-Century China, Rural China: An International Journal of History and Social Sciences, Chinese Historical Review,《開放(fang)時(shi)代(dai)》等(deng)(deng)學(xue)術期(qi)刊的(de)編(bian)委。