石(shi)景山(shan)區蘊藏(zang)著眾多人(ren)文(wen)名勝。釋迦(jia)牟尼(ni)炅(gui)牙舍利珍(zhen)藏(zang)于靈光寺,國家重點保護文(wen)物(wu)明代(dai)壁畫精品(pin)的法海寺,八寶山(shan)革命公墓、明代(dai)宦官(guan)田義(yi)墓和(he)寶勝仙橋、萬善橋、慈善寺、雙泉寺、承恩寺等均位于石(shi)景山(shan)區。
天(tian)(tian)(tian)泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)位于石(shi)(shi)景山(shan)(shan)區西(xi)(xi)北部,香山(shan)(shan)公園西(xi)(xi)南。北至海(hai)淀區掛甲塔,南至雙泉(quan)寺(si),西(xi)(xi)至五(wu)府莊、潭峪,東至南北馬場。主峰海(hai)拔430.8米。因主峰西(xi)(xi)有(you)平臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)一(yi)處,曰(yue)天(tian)(tian)(tian)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),山(shan)(shan)因名天(tian)(tian)(tian)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan),亦作天(tian)(tian)(tian)太(tai)山(shan)(shan)、天(tian)(tian)(tian)泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)處有(you)明清(qing)古剎慈(ci)(ci)善寺(si),亦稱天(tian)(tian)(tian)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)寺(si)。舊(jiu)時每年三月(yue)十(shi)八日開廟。寺(si)內中(zhong)路(lu)大悲殿正中(zhong)原供金漆木雕觀音像,兩(liang)旁有(you)碧霞元君等8尊塑像,這種(zhong)佛、道共進一(yi)堂的現象(xiang),在京郊較為罕見。后殿供肉身(shen)坐化和尚(shang),俗稱魔(mo)王(wang)菩薩(sa)和尚(shang),相傳(chuan)即清(qing)世祖順治帝。民國(guo)六年(1917年)、民國(guo)十(shi)三年(1924年)馮玉祥兩(liang)次住在天(tian)(tian)(tian)泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)慈(ci)(ci)善寺(si),留下“勤儉(jian)為寶”、“真(zhen)吃苦”、“耕讀”、“淡泊”等重要石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)。慈(ci)(ci)善寺(si)為區級保護文物。
翠(cui)微(wei)山(shan)位(wei)于石景山(shan)區(qu)與海(hai)淀區(qu)交(jiao)界處(chu)。東南距市中心約20千米。海(hai)拔387米,為香(xiang)(xiang)峪(yu)大(da)梁東南坡的山(shan)峰之一,北與香(xiang)(xiang)山(shan)遙相對應。山(shan)勢和緩,原名平坡山(shan),因唐建平坡寺得名;明洪(hong)熙初(chu)年(1425年)改叫翠(cui)微(wei)山(shan)。南麓(lu)多(duo)古(gu)寺,長(chang)安(an)寺、靈光寺、三山(shan)底、大(da)悲寺、龍王堂(tang)、香(xiang)(xiang)界寺、寶珠洞(dong)、證果寺等依山(shan)而(er)建,合稱(cheng)八大(da)處(chu),為京(jing)郊著名游覽區(qu)。西南山(shan)麓(lu)還有明建法海(hai)寺。
石景山(shan)位于石景山(shan)區西(xi)部。為西(xi)山(shan)山(shan)前的(de)侵蝕殘丘,地勢和(he)緩,海(hai)拔184米(mi)。歷史上為永定河河防要(yao)地。自元代以來(lai),在此修(xiu)堤防水。1949年以來(lai),先后在永定河上游修(xiu)建了官廳水庫(ku)及引水渠。東南(nan)山(shan)麓一帶(dai),建有石景山(shan)發(fa)電總(zong)廠和(he)首都(dou)鋼鐵(tie)公(gong)司。
蓮花河發源于(yu)石(shi)景山(shan)區石(shi)槽,流經(jing)蓮花池(chi)(chi)。蓮花池(chi)(chi)以上稱新(xin)開渠。原在鴨子橋入(ru)南護城河,1951年(nian)治理后(hou)(hou)改(gai)在萬泉寺(si)東(dong)入(ru)涼水(shui)河。全長4.2千米,底(di)寬(kuan)16—20米。主要支流有新(xin)開渠、水(shui)衙溝(gou)。水(shui)源原主要出自蓮花池(chi)(chi)泉水(shui),后(hou)(hou)被新(xin)開渠石(shi)景山(shan)工業廢水(shui)所代(dai)替(ti)。古稱洗馬溝(gou)。
法(fa)海寺(si)屬(shu)全國(guo)重點(dian)文物保護單(dan)位(wei),坐(zuo)落(luo)在京西(xi)翠微山南麓、駝鈴古道首驛模式口村。寺(si)廟始建于(yu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)正統四年(nian)(1439年(nian)),四年(nian)后建成(cheng)(1443年(nian)),明(ming)(ming)(ming)英宗(zong)朱祁鎮欽賜額曰“法(fa)海禪寺(si)”。法(fa)海寺(si)的(de)鎮寺(si)之寶是(shi)大雄寶殿(dian)內保存(cun)完整(zheng)的(de)十鋪明(ming)(ming)(ming)代壁(bi)畫,面積236.7平(ping)方米(mi),由15位(wei)宮廷畫師(shi)精心(xin)繪制而成(cheng),堪稱中(zhong)國(guo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)代壁(bi)畫之最,是(shi)元明(ming)(ming)(ming)清以來現存(cun)少有(you)的(de)宮廷畫師(shi)作品,與敦煌、永樂宮壁(bi)畫相比各有(you)千(qian)秋。
石景山區(qu)(qu)(qu)是(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京市(shi)轄(xia)區(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一,位于北(bei)(bei)(bei)京市(shi)西部,東(dong)抵玉泉路,與(yu)(yu)海淀(dian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)相連;南至(zhi)張儀(yi)村,與(yu)(yu)豐臺(tai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)接壤;西瀕永定河,與(yu)(yu)門頭溝區(qu)(qu)(qu)相鄰;北(bei)(bei)(bei)倚(yi)克勤(qin)峪(曾稱薦福山),與(yu)(yu)海淀(dian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)搭界。介于北(bei)(bei)(bei)緯39°53′—39°59′,東(dong)經(jing)116°07′—116°14′之(zhi)間,東(dong)西寬約12.25千米(mi),南北(bei)(bei)(bei)長約13千米(mi),總面積(ji)85.74千米(mi)。距天安門廣場16千米(mi)。
石景(jing)(jing)山(shan)(shan)區位于北京市城區西(xi)部(bu),地(di)形(xing)西(xi)北高(gao)東(dong)南低。北部(bu)為連綿起伏(fu)的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)地(di),屬太行山(shan)(shan)北端余脈(mo)向平(ping)原的(de)(de)延(yan)伸部(bu)分,有克勤(qin)峪(曾稱薦福山(shan)(shan))、天泰山(shan)(shan)、翠(cui)微山(shan)(shan)、青(qing)龍山(shan)(shan)、虎(hu)頭山(shan)(shan)等山(shan)(shan)峰40余座。山(shan)(shan)區約占全區總(zong)面積(ji)的(de)(de)三分之一。中部(bu)和南部(bu)為永定河沖積(ji)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)微傾斜平(ping)原,有海拔200米(mi)以下的(de)(de)石景(jing)(jing)山(shan)(shan)、金(jin)頂山(shan)(shan)、老山(shan)(shan)、八寶山(shan)(shan)等殘丘橫亙其間。最高(gao)處(chu)為北部(bu)的(de)(de)克勤(qin)峪,海拔797.6米(mi),最低處(chu)為東(dong)部(bu)石槽東(dong)南的(de)(de)農田,海拔僅為58.1米(mi)。
石景(jing)山區屬(shu)暖(nuan)溫帶半濕潤半干旱(han)大(da)陸性季風氣候(hou),四(si)季分明。年平均降水量573.11毫米,是華北(bei)地區降水量較多(duo)的地區之一。
前11世紀中葉,周武王(wang)滅商(shang),建(jian)立西(xi)周王(wang)朝,封(feng)帝堯之后于(yu)薊(ji),都(dou)(dou)城(cheng)薊(ji)在(zai)今北京(jing)市(shi)城(cheng)區西(xi)南部;封(feng)召公爽于(yu)燕(yan)(yan),都(dou)(dou)城(cheng)在(zai)今房山(shan)區董家林一(yi)帶。石(shi)景(jing)山(shan)地區屬(shu)薊(ji)國(guo)地。后薊(ji)國(guo)衰落(luo),約西(xi)周末(mo)年被燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)兼并,燕(yan)(yan)遷都(dou)(dou)薊(ji)城(cheng)。石(shi)景(jing)山(shan)地區屬(shu)燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)都(dou)(dou)邑地。
春秋戰國,燕(yan)王喜二(er)十九(jiu)年(nian)(前226年(nian)),秦兵攻占燕(yan)都薊(ji)城。
秦(qin)代,秦(qin)始皇二十六年(前221年),秦(qin)廢止分(fen)封制實行(xing)郡縣制,石景(jing)山地區屬廣陽郡薊城薊縣地。
西漢(han),漢(han)高祖元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(前206年(nian)(nian)(nian)),西漢(han)實行郡(jun)(jun)、國(guo)(guo)并立制度。石景山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區屬(shu)(shu)燕(yan)國(guo)(guo)薊城(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。元朔三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(前126年(nian)(nian)(nian)),漢(han)武帝廢(fei)燕(yan)國(guo)(guo)置“燕(yan)郡(jun)(jun)”。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)屬(shu)(shu)燕(yan)郡(jun)(jun)薊城(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。元狩六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(前117年(nian)(nian)(nian)),封劉(liu)旦為燕(yan)王(wang)(wang),燕(yan)郡(jun)(jun)復稱燕(yan)國(guo)(guo)。元封五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(前106年(nian)(nian)(nian)),西漢(han)始(shi)設十三州部。石景山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區屬(shu)(shu)幽州燕(yan)國(guo)(guo)薊城(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。元鳳(feng)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(前80年(nian)(nian)(nian)),燕(yan)王(wang)(wang)劉(liu)旦謀反失敗自(zi)殺,改(gai)燕(yan)國(guo)(guo)為“廣(guang)陽郡(jun)(jun)”。石景山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區屬(shu)(shu)廣(guang)陽郡(jun)(jun)薊城(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。本始(shi)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(前73年(nian)(nian)(nian)),改(gai)廣(guang)陽郡(jun)(jun)為“廣(guang)陽國(guo)(guo)”。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)屬(shu)(shu)廣(guang)陽國(guo)(guo)薊城(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。王(wang)(wang)莽新朝元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(9年(nian)(nian)(nian)),廢(fei)廣(guang)陽國(guo)(guo)設廣(guang)陽郡(jun)(jun)(曾改(gai)名廣(guang)有(you)(you))。石景山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區屬(shu)(shu)幽州廣(guang)有(you)(you)郡(jun)(jun)伐戎縣地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。
東漢,形成(cheng)州一郡(jun)(jun)(國(guo)(guo))一縣(xian)(xian)三級政區(qu),建武二年(nian)(nian)(26年(nian)(nian)),復置廣陽(yang)國(guo)(guo)。地(di)(di)屬(shu)(shu)廣陽(yang)國(guo)(guo)薊(ji)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)。建武十三年(nian)(nian)(37年(nian)(nian)),廢(fei)廣陽(yang)國(guo)(guo)并人(ren)上谷郡(jun)(jun)。地(di)(di)屬(shu)(shu)上谷郡(jun)(jun)薊(ji)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)。永平八年(nian)(nian)(65年(nian)(nian)),恢復廣陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun)。建安十八年(nian)(nian)(213年(nian)(nian)),幽州并人(ren)冀州。地(di)(di)屬(shu)(shu)冀州廣陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun)薊(ji)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di);不(bu)久,幽州復置。石景山地(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)(shu)幽州廣陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun)薊(ji)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)。
魏晉(jin)南北(bei)朝時期,基(ji)本實(shi)行州(zhou)一郡(jun)(jun)一縣三級(ji)制度(du),前后雖有幽州(zhou)燕郡(jun)(jun)、燕國等(deng)稱謂變化,石景山地(di)區(qu)始終(zhong)為薊縣轄地(di)。
隋開皇元年(nian)(nian)(581年(nian)(nian)),隋取代北周,開皇三(san)年(nian)(nian)(583年(nian)(nian)),實行州(zhou)一縣二級制(zhi)度,石景山地(di)區屬幽(you)州(zhou)薊縣地(di)。大業(ye)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(607年(nian)(nian)),廢幽(you)州(zhou)置(zhi)“涿(zhuo)郡(jun)”。地(di)屬涿(zhuo)郡(jun)薊縣地(di)。
唐初,武(wu)德元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(618年(nian)(nian)(nian)),廢(fei)涿郡(jun)(jun)(jun),復置(zhi)幽(you)州。貞觀元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(627年(nian)(nian)(nian)),分全國為十道(dao)(dao)。石景山地(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)河(he)(he)(he)北道(dao)(dao)幽(you)州地(di)(di)。開(kai)(kai)元(yuan)二十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(733年(nian)(nian)(nian)),增劃全國為十五道(dao)(dao),開(kai)(kai)始形(xing)成道(dao)(dao)一(yi)州一(yi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)三級政區(qu)。地(di)(di)屬(shu)河(he)(he)(he)北道(dao)(dao)幽(you)州薊(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)。天寶元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(742年(nian)(nian)(nian)),幽(you)州改(gai)稱“范(fan)(fan)陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)”,析薊(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)置(zhi)廣平(ping)、廣寧(ning)二縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。地(di)(di)屬(shu)河(he)(he)(he)北道(dao)(dao)范(fan)(fan)陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)廣平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)。天寶三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(744年(nian)(nian)(nian)),撤廣平(ping)、廣寧(ning)復并薊(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。至(zhi)德元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(756年(nian)(nian)(nian)),于薊(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)置(zhi)廣平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。乾元(yuan)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(758年(nian)(nian)(nian)),復改(gai)范(fan)(fan)陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)為幽(you)州。石景山地(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)河(he)(he)(he)北道(dao)(dao)幽(you)州廣平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)。大歷三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(768年(nian)(nian)(nian)),改(gai)幽(you)州為“范(fan)(fan)陽(yang)府”,地(di)(di)屬(shu)范(fan)(fan)陽(yang)府廣平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)。建中二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(781年(nian)(nian)(nian)),設幽(you)都縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。地(di)(di)屬(shu)范(fan)(fan)陽(yang)府幽(you)都縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)。唐末,廣平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei),后在(zai)幽(you)州(唐代稱薊(ji)(ji)城(cheng)為幽(you)州)城(cheng)西(xi)(xi)設玉(yu)河(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。石景山地(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)范(fan)(fan)陽(yang)府幽(you)都縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉(yu)河(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)。
五代時期,后(hou)晉天福元(yuan)年(936年),石敬瑭為報答契丹援(yuan)立之助,將幽(you)云(yun)十六州割讓給(gei)契丹。石景山地區屬幽(you)都縣、玉河縣地。
契(qi)丹(dan)天顯(xian)十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(936年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))末,契(qi)丹(dan)進占(zhan)幽(you)(you)云十(shi)六州。遼(liao)會同(tong)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(938年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))十(shi)一月(yue)(yue),升幽(you)(you)州為(wei)“南(nan)京(jing)(jing)”,又稱(cheng)燕(yan)(yan)京(jing)(jing);設(she)南(nan)京(jing)(jing)道,同(tong)時改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)國(guo)號(hao)為(wei)“遼(liao)”。遼(liao)實行道一府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一州一縣(xian)(xian)(xian)四(si)級政區(qu),南(nan)京(jing)(jing)道下轄幽(you)(you)都(dou)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。石(shi)(shi)景山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)屬南(nan)京(jing)(jing)道幽(you)(you)都(dou)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)幽(you)(you)都(dou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉(yu)河(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。開泰元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1012年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),幽(you)(you)都(dou)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)稱(cheng)“析(xi)津(jin)(jin)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”,幽(you)(you)都(dou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)稱(cheng)“宛(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)”。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)屬南(nan)京(jing)(jing)道析(xi)津(jin)(jin)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)宛(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉(yu)河(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。金(jin)天輔六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1122年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))底,金(jin)攻占(zhan)南(nan)京(jing)(jing)。翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),宋宣(xuan)和五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1123年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))三月(yue)(yue),北宋接(jie)管,改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)燕(yan)(yan)京(jing)(jing)為(wei)“燕(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”,析(xi)津(jin)(jin)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)為(wei)“燕(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)路(lu)”。石(shi)(shi)景山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)屬燕(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)燕(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)路(lu)宛(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉(yu)河(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。金(jin)天會三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1125年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底,金(jin)國(guo)奪(duo)占(zhan)宋燕(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),恢復燕(yan)(yan)京(jing)(jing)和析(xi)津(jin)(jin)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),并置(zhi)燕(yan)(yan)京(jing)(jing)路(lu)。天眷(juan)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1138年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),廢(fei)玉(yu)河(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),轄地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)并人(ren)宛(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。石(shi)(shi)景山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)屬燕(yan)(yan)京(jing)(jing)路(lu)析(xi)津(jin)(jin)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)宛(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。天德(de)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1151年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))四(si)月(yue)(yue),海陵(ling)王下詔遷都(dou)燕(yan)(yan)京(jing)(jing)。貞元(yuan)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1153年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))三月(yue)(yue),改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)燕(yan)(yan)京(jing)(jing)為(wei)“中(zhong)都(dou)”,析(xi)津(jin)(jin)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)為(wei)“永安府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”(翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)又改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)為(wei)“大(da)興府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”),燕(yan)(yan)京(jing)(jing)路(lu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)稱(cheng)“中(zhong)都(dou)路(lu)”。石(shi)(shi)景山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)屬中(zhong)都(dou)路(lu)大(da)興府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)宛(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。
成吉(ji)思汗(han)十年(nian)(nian)(1215年(nian)(nian)),蒙古軍攻(gong)占金中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou),將(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)改(gai)(gai)(gai)稱(cheng)(cheng)燕(yan)京(jing),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)稱(cheng)(cheng)燕(yan)京(jing)路(lu)(lu)。石(shi)景山地(di)(di)區屬燕(yan)京(jing)路(lu)(lu)大(da)興府(fu)宛平縣(xian)地(di)(di)。至元元年(nian)(nian)(1264年(nian)(nian))八月,改(gai)(gai)(gai)燕(yan)京(jing)為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou),燕(yan)京(jing)路(lu)(lu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)稱(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)。地(di)(di)屬中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)大(da)興府(fu)宛平縣(xian)地(di)(di)。至元八年(nian)(nian)(1271年(nian)(nian)),改(gai)(gai)(gai)國號為“元”。翌年(nian)(nian)二月,改(gai)(gai)(gai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)為“大(da)都(dou)(dou)”,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)稱(cheng)(cheng)“大(da)都(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)”。石(shi)景山地(di)(di)區屬大(da)都(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)大(da)興府(fu)宛平縣(xian)地(di)(di)。
明洪武元年(1368年)八月(yue)(yue),明軍攻(gong)占大(da)(da)都城(cheng),將大(da)(da)都路改為“北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)府(fu)(fu)”,十月(yue)(yue),北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)府(fu)(fu)隸(li)山(shan)東行(xing)(xing)省(sheng)(sheng)。翌年三月(yue)(yue),設北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)行(xing)(xing)省(sheng)(sheng),北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)府(fu)(fu)隸(li)北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)行(xing)(xing)省(sheng)(sheng)。石景(jing)山(shan)地區(qu)屬(shu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)行(xing)(xing)省(sheng)(sheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)府(fu)(fu)宛平(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)地。永樂元年(1403年)正月(yue)(yue),改北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)為“北(bei)(bei)(bei)京”。二(er)月(yue)(yue),改北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)府(fu)(fu)為“順天(tian)府(fu)(fu)”,地屬(shu)順天(tian)府(fu)(fu)宛平(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)地。
清(qing)順(shun)治元(yuan)年(1644年)五月,清(qing)軍攻占北(bei)京。石(shi)景山地區(qu)屬順(shun)天(tian)府(fu)宛(wan)平(ping)縣地。康熙二十六(liu)年(1687年),在(zai)順(shun)天(tian)府(fu)轄(xia)域內設東、南、西、北(bei)四路廳。石(shi)景山地區(qu)屬西路廳宛(wan)平(ping)縣地。
民國(guo)元(yuan)年(1912年)1月(yue)1日,中(zhong)華民國(guo)臨(lin)時政(zheng)府(fu)在南京(jing)(jing)(jing)成立,4月(yue)2日,臨(lin)時參議(yi)院決定以(yi)北京(jing)(jing)(jing)為臨(lin)時政(zheng)府(fu)所(suo)在地(di)。石景山(shan)地(di)區屬順天府(fu)宛(wan)平縣地(di)。中(zhong)華民國(guo)三年(1914年)10月(yue)5日,順天府(fu)改稱(cheng)“京(jing)(jing)(jing)兆地(di)方”,地(di)屬京(jing)(jing)(jing)兆地(di)方宛(wan)平縣。中(zhong)華民國(guo)十四(si)年(1925年)1月(yue),京(jing)(jing)(jing)師警察廳在近郊(jiao)設(she)東、南、西、北郊(jiao)四(si)個警區,石景山(shan)地(di)區歸西郊(jiao)警署(shu)管理。
中華(hua)(hua)民(min)(min)國(guo)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)年(nian)(1927年(nian))4月(yue)18日,南(nan)(nan)京(jing)國(guo)民(min)(min)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)成(cheng)立。當時,北(bei)洋政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)仍設在(zai)北(bei)京(jing),統治北(bei)方(fang)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。中華(hua)(hua)民(min)(min)國(guo)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(1928年(nian))6月(yue)6日,北(bei)伐軍進占北(bei)京(jing)。6月(yue)21日,南(nan)(nan)京(jing)國(guo)民(min)(min)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)決定(ding):直(zhi)隸省(sheng)(sheng)改名(ming)“河(he)(he)北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)”,將(jiang)原京(jing)兆地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)各縣并入河(he)(he)北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng);北(bei)京(jing)改名(ming)為“北(bei)平(ping)”,設北(bei)平(ping)特(te)別(bie)市(shi)(shi)(shi)。10月(yue)30日,行政(zheng)院確(que)定(ding)北(bei)平(ping)特(te)別(bie)市(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域,石(shi)景(jing)山地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)北(bei)部屬(shu)北(bei)平(ping)特(te)別(bie)市(shi)(shi)(shi)西郊區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),南(nan)(nan)部屬(shu)河(he)(he)北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)宛平(ping)縣地(di)。12月(yue)19日,北(bei)平(ping)市(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)設立市(shi)(shi)(shi)轄區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),將(jiang)全市(shi)(shi)(shi)分為15個區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。中華(hua)(hua)民(min)(min)國(guo)二十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(1931年(nian))8月(yue),十(shi)(shi)三區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(西郊區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu))正式成(cheng)立。石(shi)景(jing)山地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)北(bei)部屬(shu)北(bei)平(ping)特(te)別(bie)市(shi)(shi)(shi)十(shi)(shi)三區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、南(nan)(nan)部屬(shu)河(he)(he)北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)宛平(ping)縣地(di)。
中華(hua)民(min)國(guo)(guo)二(er)十六(liu)年(nian)(1937年(nian))7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)29日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)侵略軍(jun)占領北(bei)(bei)平(ping)。12月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)14日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)軍(jun)扶植的偽“中華(hua)民(min)國(guo)(guo)臨(lin)時政(zheng)府”在北(bei)(bei)平(ping)成立(li)。翌年(nian)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)17日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)改(gai)(gai)北(bei)(bei)平(ping)為(wei)北(bei)(bei)京。民(min)國(guo)(guo)二(er)十七年(nian)(1938年(nian))7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),偽河北(bei)(bei)省公署(shu)劃全省為(wei)4個(ge)“道(dao)(dao)”,宛平(ping)縣(xian)分(fen)(fen)屬(shu)(shu)“津(jin)海道(dao)(dao)”;民(min)國(guo)(guo)二(er)十九年(nian)(1940年(nian))6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)改(gai)(gai)為(wei)8個(ge)道(dao)(dao),宛平(ping)縣(xian)分(fen)(fen)屬(shu)(shu)“燕(yan)京道(dao)(dao)”。民(min)國(guo)(guo)二(er)十九年(nian)(1940年(nian))3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)30日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),汪偽“國(guo)(guo)民(min)政(zheng)府”成立(li),臨(lin)時政(zheng)府改(gai)(gai)組為(wei)“華(hua)北(bei)(bei)政(zheng)務委(wei)員會”。9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),偽“公署(shu)”廢(fei)除以數字命名的市(shi)轄區(qu)為(wei)內、外城郊(jiao)排序,4個(ge)郊(jiao)區(qu)改(gai)(gai)稱東郊(jiao)、南(nan)郊(jiao)、西(xi)郊(jiao)、北(bei)(bei)郊(jiao)。石景山地區(qu)北(bei)(bei)部屬(shu)(shu)北(bei)(bei)京市(shi)西(xi)郊(jiao)區(qu)、南(nan)部屬(shu)(shu)河北(bei)(bei)省燕(yan)京道(dao)(dao)宛平(ping)縣(xian)地。
中(zhong)華民(min)國(guo)三十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(1945年(nian)(nian))8月(yue)15日,日本(ben)投降,各(ge)級偽(wei)政權垮臺,北京(jing)恢復北平(ping)名稱(cheng)。12月(yue)6日,北平(ping)市政府恢復以(yi)數字(zi)命名市轄區(qu),共16個(ge)(ge)(ge)區(qu),西(xi)郊區(qu)定名為(wei)“十(shi)五(wu)區(qu)”。石(shi)(shi)景(jing)(jing)山地(di)(di)區(qu)北部(bu)(bu)屬(shu)北平(ping)市十(shi)五(wu)區(qu)、南部(bu)(bu)屬(shu)河北省宛平(ping)縣。中(zhong)華民(min)國(guo)三十(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(1946年(nian)(nian))5月(yue),北平(ping)市警察局(ju)將4個(ge)(ge)(ge)郊區(qu)分(fen)局(ju)調整為(wei)8個(ge)(ge)(ge),稱(cheng)郊一(yi)至郊八分(fen)局(ju)。中(zhong)華民(min)國(guo)三十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(1947年(nian)(nian))3月(yue),北平(ping)市政府將十(shi)三至十(shi)六4個(ge)(ge)(ge)區(qu)調整為(wei)8個(ge)(ge)(ge)區(qu),稱(cheng)十(shi)三至二十(shi)區(qu),石(shi)(shi)景(jing)(jing)山地(di)(di)區(qu)北部(bu)(bu)屬(shu)十(shi)七區(qu);當時,郊區(qu)各(ge)區(qu)按警察分(fen)局(ju)的順序習稱(cheng)為(wei)郊一(yi)至郊八區(qu)。故石(shi)(shi)景(jing)(jing)山地(di)(di)區(qu)北部(bu)(bu)屬(shu)北平(ping)市郊五(wu)區(qu)、南部(bu)(bu)屬(shu)河北省宛平(ping)縣。
民(min)(min)國(guo)三十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(1948年(nian)(nian))12月(yue)(yue)21日,中國(guo)人民(min)(min)解放軍(jun)北(bei)平(ping)市軍(jun)事管制委員會將(jiang)石景(jing)山(shan)(shan)地區(qu)劃(hua)為北(bei)平(ping)市;二十(shi)(shi)七區(qu),為石景(jing)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)獨立建置之(zhi)始。民(min)(min)國(guo)三十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(1949年(nian)(nian))1月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬,北(bei)平(ping)市第二十(shi)(shi)七區(qu)人民(min)(min)政府(fu)(fu)成立,區(qu)政府(fu)(fu)設在(zai)北(bei)辛安大(da)街。5月(yue)(yue),市政府(fu)(fu)批準,田村、模(mo)式(shi)口、高井、五里坨、三家店等地劃(hua)歸(gui)二十(shi)(shi)七區(qu)管轄,轄區(qu)面積由31.25平(ping)方千米增加到99平(ping)方千米。
民國(guo)三十八年(1949年)7月(yue)1日,北(bei)平(ping)市(shi)第二十七區(qu)改稱北(bei)平(ping)市(shi)第十九區(qu),轄域不變。
1950年(nian),北(bei)京市人民政府決定自8月1日起(qi),第(di)十九(jiu)區改稱第(di)十五(wu)區,轄域不變。
1951年4月7日,根據北京市(shi)郊區(qu)委員(yuan)會決定,第十三區(qu)(今海淀區(qu))所轄東楊坨村(cun)地區(qu)劃歸第十五區(qu)管轄,轄區(qu)面(mian)積增加(jia)到124平(ping)方千米。
1952年8月27日(ri),北京市人民政(zheng)府將(jiang)第十(shi)五(wu)區(qu)所(suo)轄三家店、東(dong)楊坨、五(wu)里(li)坨、黑石(shi)頭等村劃(hua)歸京西(xi)礦(kuang)區(qu)管(guan)轄,第十(shi)五(wu)區(qu)改稱石(shi)景(jing)山區(qu)。區(qu)政(zheng)府設在北辛(xin)安和平(ping)街(jie)3號。轄區(qu)面積61平(ping)方千米(mi)。
1954年(nian)5月,北辛安(an)鎮建置撤銷(xiao)。
1956年3月17日,市政府將京西礦區所轄五里坨鄉(xiang)、黑(hei)石頭鄉(xiang)、高井鄉(xiang)和海淀區所轄八大處鄉(xiang)劃歸石景山(shan)區。
1958年5月3日,國務(wu)院批復同意撤銷石(shi)景山區,原轄區大部并(bing)入豐臺區,田村(cun)、西黃村(cun)鄉劃歸海淀(dian)區,五里坨鄉劃歸門頭溝區。
1963年7月8日(ri),北(bei)京市人委報經(jing)國務院批準,成(cheng)立(li)石景山,為市人委派(pai)出機構。
1967年(nian)8月7日,北(bei)京市革命委員會決定,石(shi)景(jing)山(shan)改名為石(shi)景(jing)山(shan)區(qu),石(shi)景(jing)山(shan)中蘇友好人(ren)民公社(she)劃歸(gui)石(shi)景(jing)山(shan)區(qu)管轄。
1978年,區委(wei)、區革委(wei)會機關從北(bei)辛(xin)安(an)和平街3號遷址石(shi)景(jing)山路35號。
1980年12月24日—29日,石景(jing)山(shan)區第七屆(jie)人民代(dai)表大會(hui)第一次會(hui)議決定撤銷區革命委員會(hui),恢復區人民政府。
石景山區是緊密型縣域醫共體建設試(shi)點縣。
2016年,重新確認國家(jia)衛生區。
2018年,被評(ping)為健康城市(shi)建設(she)示范市(shi)。
2020年3月4日,被工(gong)(gong)業(ye)和信息化部(bu)評定為(wei)國(guo)家(jia)新型工(gong)(gong)業(ye)化產業(ye)示范基地。
2020年7月29日,入選2019年重新(xin)確認國家衛(wei)生城(cheng)市(區)名(ming)單。
2020年(nian)10月20日,入選全國雙擁模范城(縣)名單。
2020年11月,入(ru)選第(di)三批節(jie)水型社會建設(she)達標(biao)縣(區)名單。
2021年1月,入選中央文(wen)明辦2021—2023年創建周期全(quan)國文(wen)明城市提名(ming)城市名(ming)單。
2021年5月31日,入選第(di)四(si)批(pi)國家公(gong)共文化服務體系示范區(qu)公(gong)示名單。
2021年9月2日,入選全國首(shou)批30個城市(shi)一刻(ke)鐘便民生(sheng)活圈(quan)試(shi)點地區(qu)。
2021年(nian)12月2日,平安(an)中國建設(she)協調(diao)小(xiao)組辦公室(shi)公示為(wei)2017—2020年(nian)度平安(an)中國建設(she)示范市、縣擬(ni)授(shou)牌命名對象。
2021年12月31日(ri),被(bei)全(quan)國愛(ai)衛辦(ban)表彰為“2020年度健康城市建設樣(yang)板市”。