石(shi)景山(shan)區蘊藏(zang)著眾多(duo)人文名勝(sheng)。釋(shi)迦牟尼炅牙舍(she)利珍藏(zang)于靈光寺(si),國家重(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)文物明代(dai)壁畫精品的(de)法海寺(si),八寶(bao)山(shan)革(ge)命公(gong)墓、明代(dai)宦官田義墓和(he)寶(bao)勝(sheng)仙橋(qiao)、萬善橋(qiao)、慈善寺(si)、雙泉(quan)寺(si)、承恩寺(si)等均位于石(shi)景山(shan)區。
天泰山(shan)位于(yu)石(shi)景(jing)山(shan)區西(xi)北部,香山(shan)公(gong)園西(xi)南(nan)(nan)。北至(zhi)(zhi)海(hai)淀(dian)區掛甲塔,南(nan)(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)雙泉寺,西(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)五府莊、潭峪,東至(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)(nan)北馬場。主峰海(hai)拔430.8米。因主峰西(xi)有(you)(you)平臺一處,曰天臺,山(shan)因名天臺山(shan),亦作(zuo)天太山(shan)、天泰山(shan)。天臺處有(you)(you)明清古剎慈(ci)善(shan)寺,亦稱天臺寺。舊(jiu)時每(mei)年(nian)(nian)三(san)月十(shi)(shi)八日開(kai)廟。寺內中路大(da)悲(bei)殿正中原供(gong)金漆木(mu)雕觀音像(xiang)(xiang),兩(liang)旁有(you)(you)碧霞元(yuan)君等8尊塑像(xiang)(xiang),這種佛(fo)、道共進(jin)一堂的(de)現象,在(zai)京郊較為(wei)罕見。后殿供(gong)肉身(shen)坐化(hua)和尚,俗稱魔王菩薩和尚,相傳即清世祖(zu)順治帝。民國六年(nian)(nian)(1917年(nian)(nian))、民國十(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(1924年(nian)(nian))馮(feng)玉祥兩(liang)次(ci)住(zhu)在(zai)天泰山(shan)慈(ci)善(shan)寺,留下(xia)“勤(qin)儉為(wei)寶”、“真吃(chi)苦(ku)”、“耕讀”、“淡泊”等重要石(shi)刻。慈(ci)善(shan)寺為(wei)區級保(bao)護(hu)文物。
翠(cui)微山(shan)(shan)位于石景山(shan)(shan)區與海淀區交(jiao)界(jie)處。東(dong)南(nan)距市中心約20千米。海拔387米,為(wei)(wei)香峪大(da)梁東(dong)南(nan)坡(po)的山(shan)(shan)峰(feng)之一(yi),北與香山(shan)(shan)遙(yao)相對應。山(shan)(shan)勢和緩,原名(ming)平(ping)坡(po)山(shan)(shan),因唐建平(ping)坡(po)寺得名(ming);明洪熙初年(1425年)改叫翠(cui)微山(shan)(shan)。南(nan)麓(lu)多古寺,長安(an)寺、靈(ling)光寺、三山(shan)(shan)底(di)、大(da)悲(bei)寺、龍王堂(tang)、香界(jie)寺、寶珠洞、證(zheng)果(guo)寺等(deng)依(yi)山(shan)(shan)而建,合(he)稱(cheng)八大(da)處,為(wei)(wei)京(jing)郊著名(ming)游覽(lan)區。西南(nan)山(shan)(shan)麓(lu)還有明建法海寺。
石景山位于石景山區(qu)西部。為西山山前的(de)侵蝕殘丘,地勢和緩,海(hai)拔(ba)184米。歷(li)史上(shang)為永定(ding)河(he)(he)河(he)(he)防(fang)要(yao)地。自元代以來,在(zai)此修(xiu)堤防(fang)水(shui)。1949年以來,先后在(zai)永定(ding)河(he)(he)上(shang)游修(xiu)建了官(guan)廳(ting)水(shui)庫及引水(shui)渠。東南山麓一帶,建有石景山發電總廠和首都鋼鐵公(gong)司。
蓮(lian)花(hua)河(he)(he)發源于石景山區石槽,流(liu)經蓮(lian)花(hua)池。蓮(lian)花(hua)池以上稱新(xin)開(kai)渠。原在鴨子橋(qiao)入南護城河(he)(he),1951年治理后改(gai)在萬泉(quan)寺東入涼水河(he)(he)。全長4.2千米(mi),底(di)寬16—20米(mi)。主要支流(liu)有新(xin)開(kai)渠、水衙溝。水源原主要出自蓮(lian)花(hua)池泉(quan)水,后被新(xin)開(kai)渠石景山工業廢水所(suo)代替。古稱洗馬溝。
法海(hai)寺(si)屬(shu)全國重點文物保護單位(wei),坐落在(zai)京西翠微山南(nan)麓、駝鈴古(gu)道(dao)首(shou)驛模式(shi)口村(cun)。寺(si)廟始建于(yu)明(ming)正統四年(1439年),四年后建成(1443年),明(ming)英(ying)宗朱祁鎮欽賜額曰(yue)“法海(hai)禪寺(si)”。法海(hai)寺(si)的鎮寺(si)之寶(bao)是(shi)大雄(xiong)寶(bao)殿(dian)內保存完整(zheng)的十鋪明(ming)代(dai)壁(bi)畫(hua),面(mian)積236.7平方米,由(you)15位(wei)宮廷(ting)畫(hua)師(shi)精心繪制而成,堪稱中國明(ming)代(dai)壁(bi)畫(hua)之最,是(shi)元明(ming)清以來現存少有(you)的宮廷(ting)畫(hua)師(shi)作(zuo)品,與敦煌、永樂(le)宮壁(bi)畫(hua)相比各有(you)千秋。
石(shi)景山區是(shi)北(bei)京市(shi)轄區之(zhi)一,位于北(bei)京市(shi)西(xi)部,東抵玉泉路,與海(hai)淀區相連;南(nan)至張儀村,與豐臺(tai)區接(jie)壤;西(xi)瀕永(yong)定(ding)河,與門頭溝區相鄰;北(bei)倚克勤峪(曾(ceng)稱薦福山),與海(hai)淀區搭界(jie)。介于北(bei)緯39°53′—39°59′,東經116°07′—116°14′之(zhi)間(jian),東西(xi)寬(kuan)約12.25千(qian)米(mi)(mi),南(nan)北(bei)長約13千(qian)米(mi)(mi),總面積85.74千(qian)米(mi)(mi)。距天安門廣場16千(qian)米(mi)(mi)。
石景(jing)山(shan)(shan)區位于北(bei)(bei)京(jing)市城區西部(bu)(bu),地形西北(bei)(bei)高東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)低。北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)連綿起(qi)伏的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)地,屬太行山(shan)(shan)北(bei)(bei)端(duan)余脈(mo)向平原的(de)(de)(de)延伸部(bu)(bu)分(fen),有克勤峪(曾稱(cheng)薦福山(shan)(shan))、天泰山(shan)(shan)、翠微(wei)山(shan)(shan)、青龍山(shan)(shan)、虎頭山(shan)(shan)等山(shan)(shan)峰40余座。山(shan)(shan)區約占全區總面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)三分(fen)之(zhi)一。中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)和南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)永定(ding)河(he)沖積(ji)形成的(de)(de)(de)微(wei)傾斜平原,有海拔200米(mi)以(yi)下的(de)(de)(de)石景(jing)山(shan)(shan)、金頂山(shan)(shan)、老山(shan)(shan)、八寶山(shan)(shan)等殘丘(qiu)橫亙其間。最高處為(wei)(wei)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)克勤峪,海拔797.6米(mi),最低處為(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)石槽東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)的(de)(de)(de)農田(tian),海拔僅為(wei)(wei)58.1米(mi)。
石景山區(qu)屬(shu)暖溫帶半(ban)濕潤半(ban)干旱大陸性季(ji)風氣候,四季(ji)分明。年平均降(jiang)水(shui)量573.11毫米(mi),是華北地區(qu)降(jiang)水(shui)量較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)地區(qu)之一。
前11世紀(ji)中葉,周(zhou)武王滅商,建立西周(zhou)王朝(chao),封帝堯(yao)之后于(yu)薊(ji),都城(cheng)(cheng)薊(ji)在(zai)今(jin)北京市城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)西南(nan)部;封召(zhao)公爽于(yu)燕(yan),都城(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)今(jin)房(fang)山(shan)區(qu)董家林一帶。石景(jing)(jing)山(shan)地(di)區(qu)屬(shu)薊(ji)國(guo)(guo)地(di)。后薊(ji)國(guo)(guo)衰(shuai)落,約西周(zhou)末年被燕(yan)國(guo)(guo)兼并,燕(yan)遷(qian)都薊(ji)城(cheng)(cheng)。石景(jing)(jing)山(shan)地(di)區(qu)屬(shu)燕(yan)國(guo)(guo)都邑地(di)。
春秋戰國(guo),燕(yan)王(wang)喜二十九年(前226年),秦(qin)兵攻占燕(yan)都薊城。
秦代,秦始皇(huang)二十六年(前221年),秦廢(fei)止分封制實行郡(jun)縣(xian)制,石景山地區屬(shu)廣陽郡(jun)薊城(cheng)薊縣(xian)地。
西(xi)漢,漢高祖元(yuan)(yuan)年(前206年),西(xi)漢實行(xing)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)、國并立制(zhi)度。石景山地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)(shu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國薊(ji)城(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。元(yuan)(yuan)朔三年(前126年),漢武帝廢燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國置“燕(yan)(yan)(yan)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)”。地(di)(di)(di)(di)屬(shu)(shu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)薊(ji)城(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。元(yuan)(yuan)狩(shou)六年(前117年),封(feng)(feng)劉旦為燕(yan)(yan)(yan)王,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)復稱燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國。元(yuan)(yuan)封(feng)(feng)五(wu)年(前106年),西(xi)漢始(shi)設十三州部。石景山地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)(shu)幽州燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國薊(ji)城(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。元(yuan)(yuan)鳳元(yuan)(yuan)年(前80年),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)王劉旦謀反失敗自殺,改燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國為“廣陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)”。石景山地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)(shu)廣陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)薊(ji)城(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。本(ben)始(shi)元(yuan)(yuan)年(前73年),改廣陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)為“廣陽(yang)(yang)國”。地(di)(di)(di)(di)屬(shu)(shu)廣陽(yang)(yang)國薊(ji)城(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。王莽新朝(chao)元(yuan)(yuan)年(9年),廢廣陽(yang)(yang)國設廣陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(曾改名廣有(you))。石景山地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)(shu)幽州廣有(you)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)伐戎縣地(di)(di)(di)(di)。
東漢,形成州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)一郡(國(guo))一縣(xian)三(san)級政區(qu),建(jian)武二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(26年(nian)(nian)(nian)),復(fu)(fu)(fu)置廣(guang)(guang)陽(yang)國(guo)。地(di)屬廣(guang)(guang)陽(yang)國(guo)薊(ji)縣(xian)地(di)。建(jian)武十三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(37年(nian)(nian)(nian)),廢廣(guang)(guang)陽(yang)國(guo)并(bing)(bing)人上谷郡。地(di)屬上谷郡薊(ji)縣(xian)地(di)。永平(ping)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(65年(nian)(nian)(nian)),恢復(fu)(fu)(fu)廣(guang)(guang)陽(yang)郡。建(jian)安(an)十八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(213年(nian)(nian)(nian)),幽(you)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)并(bing)(bing)人冀(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。地(di)屬冀(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)廣(guang)(guang)陽(yang)郡薊(ji)縣(xian)地(di);不(bu)久(jiu),幽(you)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)復(fu)(fu)(fu)置。石景山地(di)區(qu)屬幽(you)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)廣(guang)(guang)陽(yang)郡薊(ji)縣(xian)地(di)。
魏(wei)晉(jin)南北朝時期,基本(ben)實行(xing)州一郡一縣三(san)級制度,前后雖(sui)有幽州燕(yan)郡、燕(yan)國等(deng)稱謂變化(hua),石景山地(di)(di)區始終為薊縣轄(xia)地(di)(di)。
隋(sui)開皇元年(nian)(581年(nian)),隋(sui)取代北(bei)周,開皇三年(nian)(583年(nian)),實行州一縣(xian)二級(ji)制度,石景山地(di)(di)區屬幽州薊縣(xian)地(di)(di)。大業(ye)三年(nian)(607年(nian)),廢幽州置(zhi)“涿郡”。地(di)(di)屬涿郡薊縣(xian)地(di)(di)。
唐初,武德元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(618年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),廢涿郡,復置幽(you)州(zhou)(zhou)。貞觀元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(627年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),分(fen)全(quan)國為(wei)(wei)十道(dao)。石(shi)景山(shan)地(di)區(qu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)河(he)(he)(he)北(bei)道(dao)幽(you)州(zhou)(zhou)地(di)。開元(yuan)二十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(733年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),增劃全(quan)國為(wei)(wei)十五道(dao),開始(shi)形成道(dao)一(yi)州(zhou)(zhou)一(yi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)三級政區(qu)。地(di)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)河(he)(he)(he)北(bei)道(dao)幽(you)州(zhou)(zhou)薊縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)。天寶(bao)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(742年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),幽(you)州(zhou)(zhou)改(gai)稱(cheng)“范陽(yang)郡”,析薊縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)置廣平(ping)、廣寧(ning)二縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。地(di)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)河(he)(he)(he)北(bei)道(dao)范陽(yang)郡廣平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)。天寶(bao)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(744年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),撤廣平(ping)、廣寧(ning)復并薊縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。至德元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(756年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),于薊縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)西置廣平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。乾(qian)元(yuan)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(758年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),復改(gai)范陽(yang)郡為(wei)(wei)幽(you)州(zhou)(zhou)。石(shi)景山(shan)地(di)區(qu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)河(he)(he)(he)北(bei)道(dao)幽(you)州(zhou)(zhou)廣平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)。大歷三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(768年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),改(gai)幽(you)州(zhou)(zhou)為(wei)(wei)“范陽(yang)府”,地(di)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)范陽(yang)府廣平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)。建中二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(781年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),設幽(you)都縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。地(di)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)范陽(yang)府幽(you)都縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)。唐末,廣平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)廢,后在(zai)幽(you)州(zhou)(zhou)(唐代稱(cheng)薊城(cheng)為(wei)(wei)幽(you)州(zhou)(zhou))城(cheng)西設玉(yu)河(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。石(shi)景山(shan)地(di)區(qu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)范陽(yang)府幽(you)都縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉(yu)河(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)。
五代時(shi)期,后晉(jin)天(tian)福元年(936年),石敬瑭(tang)為(wei)報(bao)答(da)契(qi)丹援立之(zhi)助,將幽云十六州割讓給契(qi)丹。石景(jing)山地(di)區屬(shu)幽都縣、玉河(he)縣地(di)。
契丹(dan)天顯(xian)十一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(936年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))末,契丹(dan)進占(zhan)幽云十六州(zhou)。遼會同(tong)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(938年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))十一月(yue),升幽州(zhou)為(wei)“南京”,又稱(cheng)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)京;設南京道(dao),同(tong)時改國(guo)號為(wei)“遼”。遼實行道(dao)一府(fu)(fu)一州(zhou)一縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)四(si)(si)級政(zheng)區(qu),南京道(dao)下轄幽都(dou)(dou)府(fu)(fu)。石(shi)(shi)景山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)南京道(dao)幽都(dou)(dou)府(fu)(fu)幽都(dou)(dou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉河縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)。開泰元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1012年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),幽都(dou)(dou)府(fu)(fu)改稱(cheng)“析津(jin)府(fu)(fu)”,幽都(dou)(dou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)改稱(cheng)“宛(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)”。地(di)(di)屬(shu)南京道(dao)析津(jin)府(fu)(fu)宛(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉河縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)。金天輔六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1122年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))底,金攻占(zhan)南京。翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),宋宣(xuan)和(he)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1123年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))三月(yue),北宋接(jie)管,改燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)京為(wei)“燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)府(fu)(fu)”,析津(jin)府(fu)(fu)改為(wei)“燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)府(fu)(fu)路(lu)(lu)”。石(shi)(shi)景山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)府(fu)(fu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)府(fu)(fu)路(lu)(lu)宛(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉河縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)。金天會三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1125年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底,金國(guo)奪占(zhan)宋燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)府(fu)(fu),恢復燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)京和(he)析津(jin)府(fu)(fu),并置燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)京路(lu)(lu)。天眷元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1138年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),廢玉河縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),轄地(di)(di)并人(ren)宛(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。石(shi)(shi)景山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)京路(lu)(lu)析津(jin)府(fu)(fu)宛(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)。天德(de)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1151年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))四(si)(si)月(yue),海(hai)陵(ling)王下詔遷都(dou)(dou)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)京。貞元(yuan)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1153年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))三月(yue),改燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)京為(wei)“中都(dou)(dou)”,析津(jin)府(fu)(fu)改為(wei)“永安(an)府(fu)(fu)”(翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)又改為(wei)“大興府(fu)(fu)”),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)京路(lu)(lu)改稱(cheng)“中都(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)”。石(shi)(shi)景山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)中都(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)大興府(fu)(fu)宛(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)。
成(cheng)吉思汗(han)十年(nian)(nian)(1215年(nian)(nian)),蒙(meng)古軍攻占金(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou),將中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)改(gai)(gai)稱(cheng)燕(yan)京(jing),中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)(lu)改(gai)(gai)稱(cheng)燕(yan)京(jing)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。石(shi)景山地(di)區屬(shu)燕(yan)京(jing)路(lu)(lu)(lu)大(da)(da)興(xing)(xing)府宛(wan)平(ping)(ping)縣(xian)地(di)。至(zhi)元(yuan)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(1264年(nian)(nian))八月(yue),改(gai)(gai)燕(yan)京(jing)為中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou),燕(yan)京(jing)路(lu)(lu)(lu)改(gai)(gai)稱(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。地(di)屬(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)(lu)大(da)(da)興(xing)(xing)府宛(wan)平(ping)(ping)縣(xian)地(di)。至(zhi)元(yuan)八年(nian)(nian)(1271年(nian)(nian)),改(gai)(gai)國號為“元(yuan)”。翌(yi)年(nian)(nian)二月(yue),改(gai)(gai)中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)為“大(da)(da)都(dou)(dou)(dou)”,中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)(lu)改(gai)(gai)稱(cheng)“大(da)(da)都(dou)(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)(lu)”。石(shi)景山地(di)區屬(shu)大(da)(da)都(dou)(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)(lu)大(da)(da)興(xing)(xing)府宛(wan)平(ping)(ping)縣(xian)地(di)。
明洪武元(yuan)年(1368年)八月(yue)(yue)(yue),明軍攻占大(da)都(dou)城(cheng),將大(da)都(dou)路改(gai)為“北(bei)平(ping)(ping)府(fu)(fu)”,十(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue),北(bei)平(ping)(ping)府(fu)(fu)隸山東行省(sheng)(sheng)。翌年三(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue),設北(bei)平(ping)(ping)行省(sheng)(sheng),北(bei)平(ping)(ping)府(fu)(fu)隸北(bei)平(ping)(ping)行省(sheng)(sheng)。石景山地(di)區(qu)屬(shu)北(bei)平(ping)(ping)行省(sheng)(sheng)北(bei)平(ping)(ping)府(fu)(fu)宛平(ping)(ping)縣地(di)。永樂元(yuan)年(1403年)正月(yue)(yue)(yue),改(gai)北(bei)平(ping)(ping)為“北(bei)京”。二月(yue)(yue)(yue),改(gai)北(bei)平(ping)(ping)府(fu)(fu)為“順天府(fu)(fu)”,地(di)屬(shu)順天府(fu)(fu)宛平(ping)(ping)縣地(di)。
清(qing)順治元年(nian)(nian)(1644年(nian)(nian))五月(yue),清(qing)軍攻占北(bei)京。石(shi)景(jing)山(shan)(shan)地(di)區屬順天(tian)府宛平縣地(di)。康熙二(er)十六年(nian)(nian)(1687年(nian)(nian)),在順天(tian)府轄域內設東、南、西、北(bei)四路廳(ting)。石(shi)景(jing)山(shan)(shan)地(di)區屬西路廳(ting)宛平縣地(di)。
民國(guo)元年(nian)(1912年(nian))1月(yue)1日(ri),中華民國(guo)臨(lin)(lin)時(shi)政(zheng)府在(zai)南京(jing)成(cheng)立,4月(yue)2日(ri),臨(lin)(lin)時(shi)參(can)議院決定以(yi)北京(jing)為(wei)臨(lin)(lin)時(shi)政(zheng)府所(suo)在(zai)地(di)。石景(jing)山(shan)地(di)區(qu)屬(shu)順天(tian)府宛平縣(xian)地(di)。中華民國(guo)三年(nian)(1914年(nian))10月(yue)5日(ri),順天(tian)府改稱(cheng)“京(jing)兆(zhao)地(di)方”,地(di)屬(shu)京(jing)兆(zhao)地(di)方宛平縣(xian)。中華民國(guo)十四(si)年(nian)(1925年(nian))1月(yue),京(jing)師警(jing)察廳在(zai)近(jin)郊(jiao)設東(dong)、南、西、北郊(jiao)四(si)個(ge)警(jing)區(qu),石景(jing)山(shan)地(di)區(qu)歸西郊(jiao)警(jing)署(shu)管理。
中華民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(1927年(nian)(nian))4月(yue)(yue)18日(ri),南(nan)京(jing)國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)政(zheng)府成立(li)。當(dang)時,北(bei)(bei)(bei)洋政(zheng)府仍設(she)在(zai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing),統治(zhi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)方地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。中華民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(1928年(nian)(nian))6月(yue)(yue)6日(ri),北(bei)(bei)(bei)伐軍進占(zhan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)。6月(yue)(yue)21日(ri),南(nan)京(jing)國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)政(zheng)府決定(ding):直隸省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)改名“河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”,將原京(jing)兆地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)各縣(xian)并入(ru)河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng);北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)改名為“北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)”,設(she)北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)特別(bie)市(shi)(shi)。10月(yue)(yue)30日(ri),行政(zheng)院(yuan)確定(ding)北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)特別(bie)市(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域,石景山地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)屬北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)特別(bie)市(shi)(shi)西郊(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),南(nan)部(bu)屬河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)宛(wan)平(ping)(ping)縣(xian)地(di)(di)。12月(yue)(yue)19日(ri),北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)府設(she)立(li)市(shi)(shi)轄區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),將全市(shi)(shi)分(fen)為15個區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。中華民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)二十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(1931年(nian)(nian))8月(yue)(yue),十(shi)三(san)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(西郊(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu))正式成立(li)。石景山地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)屬北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)特別(bie)市(shi)(shi)十(shi)三(san)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、南(nan)部(bu)屬河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)宛(wan)平(ping)(ping)縣(xian)地(di)(di)。
中華民國(guo)(guo)(guo)二十六年(1937年)7月29日,日本侵略(lve)軍占(zhan)領北(bei)平(ping)。12月14日,日軍扶植的偽(wei)(wei)“中華民國(guo)(guo)(guo)臨時(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)”在北(bei)平(ping)成立(li)。翌年4月17日改北(bei)平(ping)為北(bei)京(jing)。民國(guo)(guo)(guo)二十七年(1938年)7月,偽(wei)(wei)河北(bei)省公(gong)署劃全省為4個“道(dao)(dao)”,宛(wan)平(ping)縣(xian)分(fen)屬“津海(hai)道(dao)(dao)”;民國(guo)(guo)(guo)二十九年(1940年)6月改為8個道(dao)(dao),宛(wan)平(ping)縣(xian)分(fen)屬“燕(yan)(yan)京(jing)道(dao)(dao)”。民國(guo)(guo)(guo)二十九年(1940年)3月30日,汪偽(wei)(wei)“國(guo)(guo)(guo)民政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)”成立(li),臨時(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)改組為“華北(bei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)委員會”。9月,偽(wei)(wei)“公(gong)署”廢除以數(shu)字命名的市(shi)轄區(qu)為內(nei)、外城郊排序,4個郊區(qu)改稱東(dong)郊、南郊、西郊、北(bei)郊。石(shi)景山地區(qu)北(bei)部屬北(bei)京(jing)市(shi)西郊區(qu)、南部屬河北(bei)省燕(yan)(yan)京(jing)道(dao)(dao)宛(wan)平(ping)縣(xian)地。
中(zhong)華(hua)民國(guo)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1945年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))8月15日(ri),日(ri)本(ben)投降(jiang),各級偽政權垮臺,北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)恢復北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)。12月6日(ri),北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)市(shi)政府恢復以數字命名(ming)(ming)市(shi)轄區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),共(gong)16個(ge)(ge)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),西郊(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)定名(ming)(ming)為“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)”。石景山(shan)(shan)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)屬(shu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)市(shi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、南部(bu)屬(shu)河北(bei)(bei)(bei)省宛平(ping)縣(xian)。中(zhong)華(hua)民國(guo)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1946年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))5月,北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)市(shi)警察局(ju)將4個(ge)(ge)郊(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分局(ju)調整(zheng)為8個(ge)(ge),稱(cheng)郊(jiao)一至郊(jiao)八分局(ju)。中(zhong)華(hua)民國(guo)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1947年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))3月,北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)市(shi)政府將十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三至十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)4個(ge)(ge)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)調整(zheng)為8個(ge)(ge)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),稱(cheng)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三至二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),石景山(shan)(shan)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)屬(shu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu);當時,郊(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)各區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)按(an)警察分局(ju)的順序習稱(cheng)為郊(jiao)一至郊(jiao)八區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。故石景山(shan)(shan)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)屬(shu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)市(shi)郊(jiao)五區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、南部(bu)屬(shu)河北(bei)(bei)(bei)省宛平(ping)縣(xian)。
民(min)國(guo)三十(shi)(shi)七年(1948年)12月(yue)21日,中國(guo)人民(min)解放軍(jun)北(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)市(shi)軍(jun)事管制委員會將石(shi)景山地(di)區(qu)(qu)劃為(wei)北(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)市(shi);二(er)十(shi)(shi)七區(qu)(qu),為(wei)石(shi)景山區(qu)(qu)獨立建置之始。民(min)國(guo)三十(shi)(shi)八年(1949年)1月(yue)下旬,北(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)市(shi)第(di)二(er)十(shi)(shi)七區(qu)(qu)人民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府成立,區(qu)(qu)政(zheng)(zheng)府設(she)在北(bei)辛安大街。5月(yue),市(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)府批準,田村、模式(shi)口、高井、五(wu)里坨(tuo)、三家店(dian)等(deng)地(di)劃歸二(er)十(shi)(shi)七區(qu)(qu)管轄,轄區(qu)(qu)面積由31.25平(ping)(ping)(ping)方千(qian)米(mi)增加(jia)到99平(ping)(ping)(ping)方千(qian)米(mi)。
民國三十八年(1949年)7月(yue)1日,北平(ping)市第二十七(qi)區改稱北平(ping)市第十九區,轄域不變。
1950年,北(bei)京市人民(min)政府決定自8月1日(ri)起,第十九區(qu)改稱(cheng)第十五區(qu),轄域(yu)不變(bian)。
1951年4月7日(ri),根據(ju)北京(jing)市郊區(qu)委(wei)員會決(jue)定,第十三區(qu)(今(jin)海(hai)淀區(qu))所轄東楊坨村(cun)地區(qu)劃歸第十五區(qu)管轄,轄區(qu)面積增加到(dao)124平方千米(mi)。
1952年8月27日,北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)市人民政府(fu)將第(di)十(shi)五(wu)區(qu)所轄三家店(dian)、東(dong)楊坨、五(wu)里坨、黑石頭等村劃歸京(jing)(jing)西礦區(qu)管轄,第(di)十(shi)五(wu)區(qu)改(gai)稱石景(jing)山區(qu)。區(qu)政府(fu)設在(zai)北(bei)(bei)辛安和平街3號。轄區(qu)面(mian)積61平方千米。
1954年(nian)5月(yue),北(bei)辛安鎮(zhen)建(jian)置撤銷。
1956年(nian)3月17日,市(shi)政(zheng)府將京西礦(kuang)區所轄(xia)(xia)五里坨(tuo)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、黑石(shi)頭(tou)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、高井鄉(xiang)(xiang)和海淀(dian)區所轄(xia)(xia)八大(da)處鄉(xiang)(xiang)劃歸(gui)石(shi)景山區。
1958年5月(yue)3日,國務院批(pi)復同意撤銷(xiao)石景山區,原轄區大部并入豐臺(tai)區,田(tian)村(cun)、西黃村(cun)鄉(xiang)劃歸(gui)海淀區,五里坨鄉(xiang)劃歸(gui)門(men)頭溝區。
1963年7月8日,北京市(shi)人委報經國務(wu)院(yuan)批準,成立石景山(shan),為市(shi)人委派出機構(gou)。
1967年8月7日,北京市革命委員會決定,石景山(shan)改名(ming)為石景山(shan)區(qu),石景山(shan)中蘇友好人民公社(she)劃歸(gui)石景山(shan)區(qu)管轄(xia)。
1978年(nian),區委、區革委會機關(guan)從北(bei)辛安(an)和平街3號遷址石景山路35號。
1980年12月24日—29日,石景山區(qu)第(di)七屆人(ren)民(min)代表(biao)大會(hui)第(di)一次會(hui)議(yi)決(jue)定撤銷(xiao)區(qu)革(ge)命委員會(hui),恢復區(qu)人(ren)民(min)政府。
石景山(shan)區是緊密型縣域醫共體建設試點縣。
2016年,重新確(que)認國家(jia)衛生區(qu)。
2018年,被評(ping)為健康(kang)城(cheng)市(shi)建設(she)示范市(shi)。
2020年(nian)3月4日,被工業(ye)(ye)和信息(xi)化部評定為國家新型工業(ye)(ye)化產業(ye)(ye)示范(fan)基地。
2020年(nian)7月29日(ri),入選2019年(nian)重新確(que)認國家衛(wei)生城市(區)名單。
2020年10月20日,入選全國雙擁模范城(縣)名(ming)單。
2020年11月,入(ru)選第三批節(jie)水型(xing)社(she)會建設達標縣(區(qu))名單。
2021年(nian)1月,入(ru)選中(zhong)央文(wen)(wen)明(ming)辦2021—2023年(nian)創建周期全國文(wen)(wen)明(ming)城市(shi)提名城市(shi)名單(dan)。
2021年5月31日,入選第(di)四批國家公共文化(hua)服務體系(xi)示范區公示名單。
2021年9月2日,入選全(quan)國首批30個城市一刻鐘便(bian)民生活圈試點(dian)地(di)區。
2021年12月2日(ri),平安(an)中國建(jian)設(she)協(xie)調小組(zu)辦公室公示為2017—2020年度平安(an)中國建(jian)設(she)示范市、縣擬授牌命(ming)名(ming)對(dui)象。
2021年(nian)12月31日,被全(quan)國愛衛辦表(biao)彰(zhang)為(wei)“2020年(nian)度健康城市(shi)建設樣(yang)板市(shi)”。