水(shui)面(mian)艦艇部隊是海(hai)軍(jun)中在水(shui)面(mian)遂行作(zuo)戰任(ren)務(wu)的(de)兵種。有(you)的(de)國家稱水(shui)面(mian)部隊或水(shui)面(mian)兵力。包括水(shui)面(mian)戰斗艦艇部隊和勤務(wu)艦船部隊。海(hai)軍(jun)的(de)基(ji)本(ben)作(zuo)戰兵力。
具(ju)有(you)(you)反(fan)艦(jian)(jian)、反(fan)潛、防空、水(shui)雷戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和對岸攻擊等(deng)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)能力(li),能單(dan)獨(du)或(huo)(huo)在其他軍種、兵種部隊(dui)協同(tong)下,完成海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)役(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗(dou)任務,有(you)(you)的還可以執行戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)略性(xing)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)役(yi)任務。主要用于攻擊敵方海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)兵力(li)和岸上(shang)(shang)目(mu)標,支援登陸、抗登陸作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),保(bao)(bao)護或(huo)(huo)破(po)擊海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)交(jiao)通線(xian),進(jin)行海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)封鎖、反(fan)封鎖作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)運送作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)兵力(li)與(yu)物資(zi),參加奪取(qu)制(zhi)海(hai)(hai)權和海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)制(zhi)空權的斗(dou)爭等(deng)。平時,除保(bao)(bao)衛(wei)海(hai)(hai)疆外,還根據國(guo)(guo)家政治、經濟(ji)和外交(jiao)政策,保(bao)(bao)衛(wei)大陸架、專屬經濟(ji)區,保(bao)(bao)衛(wei)和參加海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)科學試驗與(yu)調查作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業、開(kai)發(fa)海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)資(zi)源,維(wei)護國(guo)(guo)家海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)權益。有(you)(you)的國(guo)(guo)家還將水(shui)面艦(jian)(jian)艇部隊(dui)派駐他國(guo)(guo)基地或(huo)(huo)進(jin)入他國(guo)(guo)海(hai)(hai)域游弋,炫(xuan)耀武力(li)或(huo)(huo)進(jin)行軍事干涉。
現代(dai)水面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),各國艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)種(zhong)(zhong)類、編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)制規模差異(yi)很大。有(you)(you)的(de)(de)國家海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)軍水面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)擁有(you)(you)航空母(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、戰(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護(hu)(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等大中(zhong)型艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting),總數達(da)數百艘;有(you)(you)的(de)(de)國家海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)軍僅有(you)(you)幾艘小型巡邏艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)。戰(zhan)斗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),按(an)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)區分(fen)(fen),有(you)(you)航空母(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、戰(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護(hu)(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、布雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、掃雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、登陸(lu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、獵潛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、導彈艇(ting)(ting)、魚雷(lei)艇(ting)(ting)等部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。勤務(wu)(wu)(wu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),主(zhu)要有(you)(you)偵察船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、通(tong)信船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)道測量船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)調查船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、拖船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、工程船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、防險救生船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、破(po)冰船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、醫院船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、訓(xun)練艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、修(xiu)理艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、補給艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、運輸(shu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)及其他專用艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等。水面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu),通(tong)常(chang)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(行政(zheng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu))、任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(作(zuo)(zuo)戰(zhan)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu))。艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu),由戰(zhan)術(shu)技術(shu)性能相(xiang)(xiang)同或(huo)(huo)相(xiang)(xiang)近的(de)(de)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)總隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、支隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、大隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)和(he)中(zhong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)等編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)制序(xu)列,實行統一領導和(he)管理。任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu),在(zai)遂行海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)駐巡、作(zuo)(zuo)戰(zhan)或(huo)(huo)其他任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)(wu)時,根(gen)據任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)性質、參(can)(can)與艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)種(zhong)(zhong)類和(he)數量等,從艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)中(zhong)抽調艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)或(huo)(huo)建制單位,參(can)(can)加海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)軍諸兵種(zhong)(zhong)組(zu)(zu)成的(de)(de)特混艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、分(fen)(fen)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)或(huo)(huo)其他形式的(de)(de)任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui);在(zai)一定條件下,也可(ke)單獨組(zu)(zu)成任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)軍組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)諸兵種(zhong)(zhong)合同作(zuo)(zuo)戰(zhan)時,通(tong)常(chang)以水面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)為(wei)基礎(chu),設專門指揮艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(旗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)),或(huo)(huo)在(zai)某艘水面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)上(shang)開設海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)指揮所。參(can)(can)與執(zhi)行某項任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)水面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)(wu)結(jie)束后歸建。美國海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)軍艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)有(you)(you)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)設有(you)(you)水面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)司令部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu),統轄所屬(shu)水面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。其艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu),統一編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)各艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)大隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)或(huo)(huo)中(zhong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui);任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)作(zuo)(zuo)戰(zhan)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、特混大隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、特混中(zhong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、特混分(fen)(fen)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)和(he)特混小隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。
美國航空母(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)則(ze)屬(shu)(shu)于艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)航空兵部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)建制,根據(ju)任務需要,配(pei)(pei)屬(shu)(shu)作戰(zhan)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。海(hai)軍水(shui)面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)編(bian)組為(wei)(wei)(wei)總隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、支隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、大隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)等;任務編(bian)組通常分別以(yi)航空母(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)核心(xin),并配(pei)(pei)有其他水(shui)面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)為(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)衛兵力組成編(bian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。日本(ben)海(hai)上自衛隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),以(yi)驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,編(bian)成護(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),隸屬(shu)(shu)聯合艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),下(xia)轄(xia)護(hu)衛隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)群和隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),作為(wei)(wei)(wei)其海(hai)上防衛的(de)主力。一些發展中(zhong)國家的(de)水(shui)面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)的(de)編(bian)組形式,通常是在艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)下(xia)直(zhi)轄(xia)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)大隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)或中(zhong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。
世界上自有海軍、艦隊以來,就有水面艦艇部(bu)隊。隨著海軍裝備的改進,海戰規(gui)模(mo)的擴展和樣式的變化,水面艦艇部(bu)隊加快了發(fa)展。
第一(yi)次世界大戰(zhan)前夕(xi),英、法、俄、意、德、奧等(deng)國(guo)的(de)海(hai)軍(jun),就擁有戰(zhan)列(lie)(lie)(lie)艦(jian)(jian)、戰(zhan)列(lie)(lie)(lie)巡洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)、巡洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)、驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)等(deng)部(bu)隊,大戰(zhan)期間這些戰(zhan)斗艦(jian)(jian)艇部(bu)隊在海(hai)戰(zhan)中起主導作用(yong)。海(hai)戰(zhan)時(shi),通常由(you)單一(yi)艦(jian)(jian)種(zhong)的(de)戰(zhan)列(lie)(lie)(lie)艦(jian)(jian)、巡洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)和驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)或2~3個(ge)艦(jian)(jian)種(zhong)組成編隊,成單縱隊或復(fu)列(lie)(lie)(lie)縱隊,進行列(lie)(lie)(lie)陣(zhen)對(dui)(dui)抗,直(zhi)至(zhi)1916年日德蘭(lan)海(hai)戰(zhan)后,才宣告了這種(zhong)簡(jian)單的(de)艦(jian)(jian)隊列(lie)(lie)(lie)陣(zhen)對(dui)(dui)抗的(de)海(hai)戰(zhan)樣式的(de)終結。戰(zhan)后,一(yi)些國(guo)家海(hai)軍(jun)繼續發展戰(zhan)列(lie)(lie)(lie)艦(jian)(jian)、巡洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)和驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)等(deng)水面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)艇部(bu)隊。
20世紀(ji)20~30年代,英、美、日、法(fa)等國建成第一(yi)批航空母(mu)艦,編入水面(mian)艦艇部隊。
第二次世界大(da)戰(zhan)(zhan)期間,英、美、日(ri)等國海軍競相發(fa)展(zhan)航(hang)(hang)空母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),并在海戰(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)廣(guang)泛使用,戰(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)攻(gong)防能力逐(zhu)漸喪失優勢(shi),失去(qu)原有(you)主力艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)地位,從(cong)1942年珊瑚海海戰(zhan)(zhan)起,戰(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)被航(hang)(hang)空母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)取(qu)代。巡(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等水面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部隊(dui)仍(reng)發(fa)揮重要作用。由于反(fan)潛戰(zhan)(zhan)、水雷(lei)戰(zhan)(zhan)和登陸作戰(zhan)(zhan)的(de)需(xu)要,反(fan)潛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、掃布(bu)(bu)雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)和兩棲作戰(zhan)(zhan)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)等在一些(xie)國家(jia)的(de)水面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部隊(dui)中(zhong)也(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)很快。戰(zhan)(zhan)后,許多國家(jia)將(jiang)戰(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)先后封存(cun),不再新建。有(you)些(xie)國家(jia)對(dui)巡(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)也(ye)持(chi)慎重態度(du),一度(du)很少建造。有(you)些(xie)國家(jia)不再專門建造布(bu)(bu)雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting),多數國家(jia)的(de)反(fan)潛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、掃布(bu)(bu)雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、登陸艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)等部隊(dui)都有(you)新的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)。
50年(nian)代(dai)(dai)末(mo),蘇(su)聯海(hai)軍首先(xian)建(jian)立導(dao)彈(dan)快艇(ting)部隊。其(qi)后,許(xu)多(duo)(duo)國家海(hai)軍相繼組建(jian)導(dao)彈(dan)快艇(ting)部隊,與(yu)此(ci)同時水(shui)翼快艇(ting)、氣(qi)墊快艇(ting)、氣(qi)墊登陸艇(ting)等也陸續編(bian)入(ru)水(shui)面(mian)作戰(zhan)艦(jian)艇(ting)部隊。勤務(wu)艦(jian)船部隊艦(jian)船的類型和數量也有相應的發展(zhan)。60~70年(nian)代(dai)(dai),導(dao)彈(dan)艦(jian)艇(ting)在局部戰(zhan)爭中發揮(hui)了很大(da)作用。70年(nian)代(dai)(dai)末(mo),許(xu)多(duo)(duo)國家海(hai)軍的水(shui)面(mian)艦(jian)艇(ting)部隊逐步實現武器導(dao)彈(dan)化(hua)。
中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)自(zi)清朝(chao)同(tong)(tong)治年間(jian)(1862~1874)開始建(jian)(jian)立(li)近代(dai)(dai)海(hai)軍,至中(zhong)華民(min)國(guo)(guo)時(shi)期,艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)主要由水面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)組成(cheng)。1949年4月(yue)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)民(min)解放軍組建(jian)(jian)海(hai)軍部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)時(shi),水面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)是(shi)當時(shi)唯一(yi)的(de)海(hai)上(shang)兵(bing)力。同(tong)(tong)年11月(yue),組建(jian)(jian)護(hu)衛(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)隊(dui)(dui)。此后,又(you)陸續(xu)組建(jian)(jian)了(le)登(deng)陸艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、掃(sao)雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、魚雷(lei)艇、獵(lie)潛艇、驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)。至1955年底(di),水面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)的(de)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇種類逐(zhu)步齊全,體制(zhi)編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)基本成(cheng)型,武器技術裝(zhuang)備也有(you)改(gai)善。隨著國(guo)(guo)家科學技術的(de)發(fa)展、工業(ye)水平的(de)提(ti)高和(he)經濟實力的(de)增強,20世紀60年代(dai)(dai)始,自(zi)行設計研制(zhi)導彈艇、驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護(hu)衛(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、登(deng)陸艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等新型艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇,艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)有(you)了(le)迅(xun)速(su)發(fa)展。70年代(dai)(dai)起(qi),組建(jian)(jian)一(yi)批導彈快艇部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)和(he)導彈驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)。80年代(dai)(dai),重點(dian)發(fa)展護(hu)衛(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等戰斗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇部(bu)隊(dui)(dui),掃(sao)雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、布(bu)雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、獵(lie)潛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等戰斗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)也有(you)較大(da)發(fa)展。綜合補給船(chuan)、遠(yuan)(yuan)洋打撈救生船(chuan)、遠(yuan)(yuan)洋拖船(chuan)、醫(yi)院船(chuan)等大(da)型勤(qin)務保障艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)陸續(xu)編(bian)(bian)配部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)。
2012年9月25日,“中(zhong)國人民(min)解放軍遼寧艦”交付(fu)人民(min)解放軍,成(cheng)為(wei)中(zhong)國第一(yi)艘現(xian)代(dai)航空母艦。此后,各種新(xin)型艦艇(ting)不斷列裝部隊(dui),水面艦艇(ting)部隊(dui)的(de)艦種構(gou)成(cheng)進一(yi)步完(wan)善(shan),增強了整體(ti)作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)能(neng)力,為(wei)執行遠(yuan)洋任務提供了條件。隨著信息技(ji)術(shu)、隱身技(ji)術(shu)等(deng)高新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)發(fa)展,單艦作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)探(tan)測區域和(he)武(wu)器使用(yong)能(neng)力得(de)到(dao)極大(da)擴(kuo)充(chong),水面艦艇(ting)部隊(dui)的(de)體(ti)制(zhi)編(bian)制(zhi)進一(yi)步完(wan)善(shan),更加強調采取(qu)合成(cheng)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗群的(de)編(bian)組(zu)形式,有的(de)還(huan)將與潛艇(ting)部隊(dui)等(deng)組(zu)成(cheng)相對固定的(de)特遣編(bian)隊(dui),由臨時(shi)編(bian)組(zu)向固定編(bian)組(zu)發(fa)展。
現代(dai)水(shui)(shui)面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部隊(dui),各國(guo)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)種類、編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)規模差(cha)異很大。有的國(guo)家海(hai)軍水(shui)(shui)面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部隊(dui)擁有航空(kong)(kong)母(mu)(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、戰(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡(xun)洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護衛(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等大中型(xing)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting),總數(shu)達數(shu)百艘;有的國(guo)家海(hai)軍僅有幾艘小型(xing)巡(xun)邏艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)。戰(zhan)斗(dou)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部隊(dui),按(an)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種區分(fen)為(wei)航空(kong)(kong)母(mu)(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、戰(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡(xun)洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護衛(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、布雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、掃雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、登陸艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、獵潛(qian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、導彈艇(ting)(ting)、魚雷(lei)艇(ting)(ting)等部隊(dui),主(zhu)要(yao)遂(sui)行海(hai)上(shang)作戰(zhan)任務。勤務艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)部隊(dui),包(bao)括偵察船(chuan)、通信船(chuan)、海(hai)道(dao)測量(liang)船(chuan)、海(hai)洋(yang)調查船(chuan)、拖船(chuan)、工程船(chuan)、防險救生船(chuan)、破冰船(chuan)、醫院船(chuan)、訓練艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)、修理(li)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)、補給艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)、運(yun)輸(shu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)及其他專用艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)等部隊(dui)、分(fen)隊(dui),負(fu)責海(hai)上(shang)戰(zhan)斗(dou)保障、技術保障和后勤保障等勤務。戰(zhan)斗(dou)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)員額一(yi)般是:大型(xing)航空(kong)(kong)母(mu)(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)5000—6000人(ren)(ren),小型(xing)航空(kong)(kong)母(mu)(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)1000—1500人(ren)(ren);戰(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)1500余(yu)人(ren)(ren),巡(xun)洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)400—600人(ren)(ren),重巡(xun)洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)超過1000人(ren)(ren);驅逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)200—400人(ren)(ren);護衛(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)100—250人(ren)(ren);小型(xing)巡(xun)邏艇(ting)(ting)為(wei)10—60人(ren)(ren)。水(shui)(shui)面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部隊(dui)編(bian)(bian)組(zu)通常分(fen)為(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種編(bian)(bian)組(zu)和任務編(bian)(bian)組(zu)。
也稱行(xing)(xing)政編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)。是平(ping)時為便于(yu)對艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)管(guan)理(li)、訓練、補給和(he)對艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇進(jin)行(xing)(xing)維修而采用的(de)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)形式(shi),一(yi)般由(you)(you)技術(shu)戰(zhan)術(shu)性能(neng)相同(tong)或相近的(de)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇編(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng),編(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、分(fen)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)屬(shu)(shu)建制單位(wei)。美國(guo)海(hai)(hai)軍在(zai)太平(ping)洋、大(da)(da)西洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)設有水(shui)面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)司令部(bu)(bu),統轄(xia)各水(shui)面(mian)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。其艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)分(fen)為大(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)或中(zhong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),所轄(xia)兵(bing)力大(da)(da)體固定。通常1個(ge)航(hang)空母(mu)(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),由(you)(you)1—2艘(sou)航(hang)空母(mu)(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)其他(ta)作(zuo)戰(zhan)、補給艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)只(zhi)編(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng);1個(ge)巡(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅(qu)(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)由(you)(you)2—4艘(sou)巡(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)2—4個(ge)驅(qu)(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)及數(shu)艘(sou)后勤船只(zhi)編(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng);驅(qu)(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)為基本戰(zhan)術(shu)單位(wei),由(you)(you)4—6艘(sou)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇編(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)。俄(e)羅(luo)斯海(hai)(hai)軍水(shui)面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)分(fen)為總(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、支(zhi)(zhi)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)和(he)大(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)等。總(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、支(zhi)(zhi)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)分(fen)別隸屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)區艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、分(fen)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)和(he)海(hai)(hai)軍基地(di)。通常1個(ge)巡(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)總(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)由(you)(you)3—6艘(sou)輕(qing)巡(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)編(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng);1個(ge)驅(qu)(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)支(zhi)(zhi)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)由(you)(you)2—3個(ge)大(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)編(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng);1個(ge)驅(qu)(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)編(bian)(bian)(bian)4艘(sou)驅(qu)(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian);1個(ge)護(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)支(zhi)(zhi)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)由(you)(you)2—3個(ge)大(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)編(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng);1個(ge)護(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)編(bian)(bian)(bian)6—12艘(sou)護(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。印度、巴(ba)基斯坦等國(guo)家海(hai)(hai)軍水(shui)面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)的(de)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)形式(shi),多是在(zai)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)下直轄(xia)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇中(zhong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)或大(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)等。
也(ye)稱(cheng)作(zuo)戰編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)組。是遂(sui)行(xing)(xing)海上(shang)駐巡(xun)、作(zuo)戰或其他任(ren)務(wu)時而(er)采取的(de)(de)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)組形式。由不同艦(jian)(jian)種編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)組的(de)(de)艦(jian)(jian)艇部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)分(fen)別派出(chu)單艦(jian)(jian)或成建(jian)制派出(chu)若干艘艦(jian)(jian)艇編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)成混(hun)(hun)合編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui),一般無常(chang)設領導(dao)指揮機關和(he)固定編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)制,任(ren)務(wu)結束,即行(xing)(xing)歸建(jian)。美國海軍(jun)水(shui)面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)艇部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)任(ren)務(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)組區分(fen)為(wei)(wei)特(te)(te)(te)混(hun)(hun)大隊(dui)(dui)(dui)、特(te)(te)(te)混(hun)(hun)小隊(dui)(dui)(dui)、特(te)(te)(te)混(hun)(hun)支隊(dui)(dui)(dui)。俄羅斯海軍(jun)水(shui)面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)艇部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)任(ren)務(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)組,通常(chang)以航空母(mu)艦(jian)(jian)、導(dao)彈(dan)巡(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)或導(dao)彈(dan)驅逐艦(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)核心,并配(pei)有其他水(shui)面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)艇為(wei)(wei)護衛兵(bing)力(li)組成。印(yin)度海軍(jun)的(de)(de)任(ren)務(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)組為(wei)(wei)特(te)(te)(te)混(hun)(hun)艦(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)、特(te)(te)(te)混(hun)(hun)大隊(dui)(dui)(dui)和(he)特(te)(te)(te)混(hun)(hun)小隊(dui)(dui)(dui),特(te)(te)(te)混(hun)(hun)艦(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)轄(xia)航空母(mu)艦(jian)(jian)、海上(shang)火力(li)支援(yuan)、海上(shang)攻擊和(he)掃雷等4個(ge)特(te)(te)(te)混(hun)(hun)大隊(dui)(dui)(dui),每個(ge)大隊(dui)(dui)(dui)轄(xia)2個(ge)特(te)(te)(te)混(hun)(hun)小隊(dui)(dui)(dui)。
海(hai)軍中(zhong)在水(shui)面遂行作戰(zhan)任務(wu)的(de)兵種,航空母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、戰(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、護衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、布雷艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、掃(sao)雷艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、登陸艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、獵(lie)潛艇(ting)(ting)、導(dao)彈艇(ting)(ting)、魚雷艇(ting)(ting)等(deng)(deng)戰(zhan)斗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)和(he)勤務(wu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)船部(bu)隊(dui)的(de)總(zong)稱。在有的(de)國家簡(jian)稱水(shui)面部(bu)隊(dui)。主(zhu)要任務(wu)是攻擊(ji)敵(di)方海(hai)上兵力(li)和(he)岸上目標,支(zhi)援(yuan)登陸和(he)抗登陸作戰(zhan),保護或破壞海(hai)上交通線(xian),進行海(hai)上封鎖和(he)反封鎖作戰(zhan)等(deng)(deng)。通常按(an)總(zong)隊(dui)、支(zhi)隊(dui)、大隊(dui)、中(zhong)隊(dui)的(de)序列編制,有的(de)以支(zhi)隊(dui)為最小建制單(dan)位。一般(ban)由(you)技術戰(zhan)術性能相同的(de)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)編成,也可由(you)技術戰(zhan)術性能不同的(de)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)編成。