機(ji)(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)手是陸軍和其他(ta)軍兵種(zhong)陸戰(zhan)部隊中(zhong)操作班(ban)用(yong)機(ji)(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)/通(tong)用(yong)機(ji)(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)/重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)的專門人(ren)員(yuan)。操作班(ban)用(yong)機(ji)(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)的機(ji)(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)手在(zai)美軍稱為“自動槍(qiang)(qiang)兵”(autorifleman),通(tong)常能夠獨立戰(zhan)斗。操作通(tong)用(yong)機(ji)(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)/重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)的機(ji)(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)手通(tong)常與背負(fu)附件的機(ji)(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)副射手組(zu)成火力(li)小組(zu)協同作戰(zhan),在(zai)防御作戰(zhan)中(zhong)依托固定陣地和三(san)腳架架設(she)的機(ji)(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)進行作戰(zhan)。本文(wen)以美國海軍陸戰(zhan)隊機(ji)(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)手為例(li)介紹(shao)機(ji)(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)手的相(xiang)關內容。
美國海軍陸戰(zhan)隊機槍(qiang)手(shou)(shou)(MOS0331)使用(yong)(yong)7.62mmM240通(tong)用(yong)(yong)機槍(qiang),50勃(bo)朗(lang)寧M2重(zhong)機槍(qiang)和40mmMk19榴(liu)彈發射器(qi),在步兵連隊或(huo)偵察(cha)(cha)連隊遂行(xing)直接火(huo)力支援任務。裝備(bei)重(zhong)武(wu)(wu)器(qi)的機槍(qiang)手(shou)(shou)通(tong)常隨載(zai)具作(zuo)戰(zhan),裝備(bei)通(tong)用(yong)(yong)機槍(qiang)的機槍(qiang)手(shou)(shou)既(ji)可(ke)(ke)以搭乘載(zai)具作(zuo)戰(zhan),又(you)可(ke)(ke)徒步作(zuo)戰(zhan)。通(tong)用(yong)(yong)機槍(qiang)和重(zhong)機槍(qiang)通(tong)常裝備(bei)到步槍(qiang)連的武(wu)(wu)器(qi)排或(huo)步兵團的武(wu)(wu)器(qi)連,除正(zheng)副(fu)射手(shou)(shou)外另配前進觀察(cha)(cha)手(shou)(shou),射界繪制員,班長/排長等(deng)行(xing)政/指揮/輔助人(ren)員若干。
通用(yong)(yong)機(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)小(xiao)組(zu)(zu)通常(chang)由三(san)人組(zu)(zu)成。小(xiao)組(zu)(zu)組(zu)(zu)長帶領(ling)小(xiao)組(zu)(zu),指(zhi)揮火力(li)方向。機(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)正射手為二號,負責使用(yong)(yong)M240通用(yong)(yong)機(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)。機(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)副射手為三(san)號,攜帶備用(yong)(yong)彈藥和(he)槍(qiang)(qiang)管,協助(zhu)通用(yong)(yong)機(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)的作戰(zhan)布置。
美國海軍陸(lu)戰(zhan)隊機(ji)(ji)槍(qiang)手必須(xu)先接(jie)受(shou)步槍(qiang)手基本訓練,并在(zai)“武裝(zhuang)部隊職業技能測試(Armed Service Vocational Aptitude Battery,ASVAB)”中(zhong)的(de)(de)“一般技能(General Technical, GT)”門(men)類中(zhong)獲得80分(fen)以上。位于(yu)美國北卡羅來納(na)州CampLejeune或加利福尼亞州Camp Pendleton的(de)(de)美國步兵學校提供(gong)機(ji)(ji)槍(qiang)手的(de)(de)專業課(ke)程。在(zai)前述課(ke)程中(zhong)新機(ji)(ji)槍(qiang)手將接(jie)受(shou)關于(yu)步兵戰(zhan)術(shu),機(ji)(ji)槍(qiang)火力控制,機(ji)(ji)槍(qiang)武器系統以及(ji)團隊協作的(de)(de)相關培(pei)訓。