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主要任務

主要任務是：運用各(ge)種(zhong)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信裝(zhuang)備和通(tong)(tong)(tong)信設施(shi)，保障(zhang)軍隊指揮(hui)和武器控制(zhi)的(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信聯絡，組織實施(shi)無線電通(tong)(tong)(tong)信對抗(kang)、航空(kong)兵導航和野戰(zhan)軍郵等。通(tong)(tong)(tong)信兵對保障(zhang)軍隊指揮(hui)和完成各(ge)項任務具有重大作用。自有戰(zhan)爭起，就有傳(chuan)遞軍情的(de)活(huo)動，并逐漸有了(le)專門(men)負責傳(chuan)遞軍事信息的(de)人員和機(ji)構。

發展

在中國，商(shang)朝(chao)已有(you)_（傳(chuan)車）傳(chuan)。西周，初(chu)期有(you)驛站，后期出現了(le)烽(feng)燧報警系統。春秋戰國時期，有(you)的諸(zhu)侯國還把烽(feng)火臺改為邊亭。秦朝(chao)，繼承了(le)烽(feng)郵共存的體制(zhi)，中央由(you)丞(cheng)相總(zong)管，地方由(you)郡守、縣令(ling)兼管。

西漢，沿襲(xi)秦的郵(you)(you)驛(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體制(zhi)。東(dong)漢，郵(you)(you)驛(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)由太(tai)尉府(fu)的法(fa)曹(cao)(cao)主管。唐朝，郵(you)(you)驛(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)由尚書省的兵(bing)部(bu)管理(li)，各(ge)府(fu)、州、縣由兵(bing)曹(cao)(cao)參軍(jun)、司(si)(si)兵(bing)參軍(jun)和司(si)(si)兵(bing)分掌郵(you)(you)驛(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)；全國(guo)要道設郵(you)(you)驛(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，每驛(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)設驛(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)長一(yi)人，驛(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夫(fu)數人；邊(bian)境設烽火臺(tai)。北宋，建有一(yi)套(tao)健全的遞鋪通信組(zu)織，分步(bu)遞、馬遞、急腳遞三種，驛(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卒由廂兵(bing)擔任(ren)。

元朝，郵驛由兵(bing)部和(he)通(tong)(tong)政院管理；急遞鋪與驛站(zhan)并行，是(shi)專司傳送官方文(wen)書(shu)的通(tong)(tong)信組織。

明朝，中(zhong)央管(guan)理(li)郵驛的機關為兵(bing)部(bu)車駕清(qing)吏司(si)和通政司(si)；急(ji)遞鋪沿襲元制，每鋪設(she)鋪長一名，鋪兵(bing)數名。

清朝，郵(you)驛由驛、站、塘、臺(tai)、所、鋪(pu)六種(zhong)組織(zhi)形式構成，其中站、塘、臺(tai)由軍(jun)卒(zu)充役，以傳(chuan)遞軍(jun)情為首(shou)要(yao)任務(wu)。

隨(sui)著(zhu)電(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，1905年新軍(jun)(jun)(jun)、海(hai)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)分別在北(bei)京、天津(jin)、保定(ding)等行營(ying)及(ji)海(hai)圻、海(hai)容、海(hai)籌(chou)、海(hai)琛4艦建立(li)(li)無線(xian)(xian)電(dian)臺。1906年于天津(jin)小站舊營(ying)開辦(ban)電(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)學隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)，繼之在北(bei)洋常備軍(jun)(jun)(jun)中(zhong)(zhong)編(bian)設電(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。1926年，國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)革命軍(jun)(jun)(jun)北(bei)伐時(shi)，獨(du)立(li)(li)旅和(he)師以上部(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)編(bian)有(you)無線(xian)(xian)電(dian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)分隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。1927年，國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)黨軍(jun)(jun)(jun)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)在團(tuan)以上部(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)編(bian)有(you)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。1928年，國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)黨軍(jun)(jun)(jun)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)成立(li)(li)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)兵團(tuan)，其中(zhong)(zhong)編(bian)有(you)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。至1935年，通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)兵成為兵種。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)民(min)解(jie)放軍(jun)(jun)(jun)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)兵是在革命戰(zhan)爭中(zhong)(zhong)誕生(sheng)和(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)起來的(de)。1927年8月1日(ri)，南(nan)昌起義部(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)編(bian)有(you)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)分隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。1928年，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共產黨中(zhong)(zhong)央軍(jun)(jun)(jun)事部(bu)(bu)(bu)設立(li)(li)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)科，開始培(pei)訓(xun)無線(xian)(xian)電(dian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)人(ren)員，而后陸續(xu)派往各蘇區(qu)。1929年，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)工農紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)第4軍(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)部(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)其下屬縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)司令部(bu)(bu)(bu)設立(li)(li)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)大隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)，擔(dan)負軍(jun)(jun)(jun)事交通(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)任(ren)務(wu)。1931年1月，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)工農紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)成立(li)(li)第一(yi)(yi)個無線(xian)(xian)電(dian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)，繼而開辦(ban)第一(yi)(yi)期無線(xian)(xian)電(dian)訓(xun)練班，后來發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)成為包括無線(xian)(xian)電(dian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)、有(you)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)和(he)簡易信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)等專業的(de)紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)學校。

1934年1月，中(zhong)華蘇維(wei)埃共和(he)國中(zhong)央(yang)革命軍(jun)(jun)(jun)事(shi)委員會總參(can)謀部(bu)成(cheng)立(li)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)局，主管紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)工作。紅(hong)一方面(mian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)團以(yi)上(shang)部(bu)隊(dui)設有(you)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)主任，紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)第2、第6軍(jun)(jun)(jun)團設有(you)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)科(ke)，紅(hong)四(si)方面(mian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)設有(you)電(dian)(dian)務(wu)處。各(ge)方面(mian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)都編(bian)有(you)無(wu)線電(dian)(dian)大隊(dui)或分(fen)隊(dui)（電(dian)(dian)臺）。抗日戰爭(zheng)時期(qi)，八路軍(jun)(jun)(jun)、新四(si)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)的營以(yi)上(shang)部(bu)隊(dui)編(bian)有(you)運(yun)動通(tong)(tong)信(xin)和(he)簡易信(xin)號通(tong)(tong)信(xin)分(fen)隊(dui)，旅以(yi)上(shang)部(bu)隊(dui)和(he)部(bu)分(fen)團建立(li)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)業務(wu)部(bu)門及有(you)線電(dian)(dian)、無(wu)線電(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)分(fen)隊(dui)。解放戰爭(zheng)時期(qi)，軍(jun)(jun)(jun)區和(he)野(ye)戰軍(jun)(jun)(jun)以(yi)下(xia)各(ge)級司(si)令部(bu)分(fen)別(bie)設立(li)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)處（分(fen)局）、科(ke)、股，團以(yi)上(shang)部(bu)隊(dui)普遍(bian)建立(li)有(you)線電(dian)(dian)、無(wu)線電(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)分(fen)隊(dui)。

中華人(ren)民(min)共和國(guo)成立后(hou)(hou)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)兵(bing)進入一個新的發展(zhan)階段，健全了各級(ji)領導機構，擴建了部(bu)隊。1950年(nian)(nian)5月，中央人(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府人(ren)民(min)革(ge)命軍(jun)(jun)事委員(yuan)會設通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)部(bu)，各軍(jun)(jun)區、軍(jun)(jun)種、兵(bing)種司(si)令(ling)部(bu)設通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)處。同年(nian)(nian)10月，組(zu)建華北軍(jun)(jun)區通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)團。至1953年(nian)(nian)，各軍(jun)(jun)區和軍(jun)(jun)委通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)部(bu)先后(hou)(hou)組(zu)建通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)團。1954年(nian)(nian)3月，統(tong)一了全軍(jun)(jun)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)部(bu)隊的編制。同時，擴建了通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)院校，設立軍(jun)(jun)事通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)科學(xue)研究、技術保障以及通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)軍(jun)(jun)工生(sheng)產管理機構等(deng)。1956年(nian)(nian)4月，通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)部(bu)改為(wei)中國(guo)人(ren)民(min)解放軍(jun)(jun)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)兵(bing)部(bu)，成為(wei)獨(du)立的兵(bing)種。此(ci)后(hou)(hou)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)兵(bing)的體制編制幾(ji)經調整。1975年(nian)(nian)，兵(bing)種領導機關(guan)改稱(cheng)總參(can)謀部(bu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)部(bu)。

隨著通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)技術的發展和通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)任務的加重(zhong)，70年代(dai)組(zu)(zu)建軍用衛星通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)地球站(zhan)(zhan)，80年代(dai)組(zu)(zu)建指揮自動化工作站(zhan)(zhan)。之后，通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)兵(bing)不斷(duan)加強通(tong)(tong)用信(xin)(xin)息傳輸(shu)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)、處理(li)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)和指揮控(kong)制系統、頻譜(pu)管理(li)系統建設，基本形成平(ping)戰(zhan)(zhan)結(jie)合(he)、軍民(min)結(jie)合(he)、有線(xian)電與無線(xian)電結(jie)合(he)、機動與固(gu)定(ding)結(jie)合(he)的綜合(he)軍事(shi)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)系統，保障了(le)軍隊平(ping)時(shi)活動和戰(zhan)(zhan)時(shi)指揮控(kong)制的通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)聯絡。世界其(qi)他國(guo)家軍隊都編有通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)兵(bing)。

俄國(guo)(guo)軍隊(dui)(dui)(dui)于1851年(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)立(li)通信(xin)分隊(dui)(dui)(dui)，1890年(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)了電(dian)報(bao)(bao)縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)，1894年(nian)(nian)(nian)電(dian)報(bao)(bao)縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)改組(zu)成集團軍和(he)軍的(de)(de)電(dian)報(bao)(bao)連(lian)，1899年(nian)(nian)(nian)組(zu)建(jian)無線電(dian)通信(xin)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)。美國(guo)(guo)軍隊(dui)(dui)(dui)于19世紀(ji)(ji)60年(nian)(nian)(nian)代建(jian)立(li)通信(xin)兵(bing)。法(fa)國(guo)(guo)軍隊(dui)(dui)(dui)于19世紀(ji)(ji)中葉組(zu)建(jian)用(yong)于信(xin)差勤務的(de)(de)步兵(bing)與騎兵(bing)聯隊(dui)(dui)(dui)，1870年(nian)(nian)(nian)組(zu)建(jian)一個(ge)電(dian)報(bao)(bao)連(lian)，后來建(jian)立(li)電(dian)報(bao)(bao)縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)，1917年(nian)(nian)(nian)起師(shi)以(yi)上各(ge)級部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)都設有(you)電(dian)報(bao)(bao)和(he)無線電(dian)通信(xin)分隊(dui)(dui)(dui)。英國(guo)(guo)軍隊(dui)(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)通信(xin)兵(bing)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)原屬(shu)工程兵(bing)建(jian)制，1920年(nian)(nian)(nian)成為獨立(li)的(de)(de)兵(bing)種。

隨著(zhu)戰爭(zheng)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)、軍隊規模(mo)的(de)(de)擴大，各國軍隊不斷(duan)加強(qiang)(qiang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)兵建設，其體制(zhi)(zhi)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)日益完善，通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)保障(zhang)能(neng)力(li)(li)不斷(duan)提高。隨著(zhu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)和通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)技術的(de)(de)發展(zhan)，許多國家軍隊將根據本國實(shi)際情(qing)況，不斷(duan)更新(xin)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)技術裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)，調整(zheng)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)兵體制(zhi)(zhi)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)，發展(zhan)軍隊指(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)信(xin)息系統，以(yi)提高快速反應(ying)能(neng)力(li)(li)、協同通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)能(neng)力(li)(li)、戰場生存能(neng)力(li)(li)、通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)對抗(kang)能(neng)力(li)(li)、通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)保密(mi)能(neng)力(li)(li)，增強(qiang)(qiang)軍事通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)系統與裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)、作戰指(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)、情(qing)報處理、電子對抗(kang)系統的(de)(de)有機(ji)結合，以(yi)適應(ying)信(xin)息化(hua)局部戰爭(zheng)對通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)保障(zhang)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)。