明(ming)星水仙(xian)(學名(ming):Narcissus incomparabilis Mill.):“incomparabilis”意(yi)為“無與倫比的”。是石蒜科多年生草本植物。花(hua)尊長30-45厘米(mi),花(hua)色(se)(se)艷麗,花(hua)姿優(you)美,瓶(ping)插(cha)壽命長,是一種(zhong)很好(hao)的切(qie)花(hua)材料(liao)。水仙(xian)的葉(xie)由(you)(you)鱗莖(jing)頂(ding)端綠白色(se)(se)筒狀(zhuang)(zhuang)鞘中抽出花(hua)莖(jing)(俗稱箭)再由(you)(you)葉(xie)片(pian)中抽出。一般每個鱗莖(jing)可抽花(hua)莖(jing)1-2枝(zhi),傘狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)序(xu)。花(hua)瓣多為6片(pian),花(hua)瓣末處(chu)呈鵝(e)黃(huang)色(se)(se)。花(hua)蕊(rui)外數。鱗莖(jing)卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)至廣卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)球形,外被(bei)棕褐色(se)(se)皮膜。葉(xie)狹長帶狀(zhuang)(zhuang),蒴果室背開裂。花(hua)期春(chun)季。原產西班牙及(ji)法國南部。
Ajax incomparabilis (Mill.) Caruel
Diomedes × sabinii (Lindl.) Haw. ex Herb.
Jonquilla × incomparabilis (Mill.) Raf.
Narcissus × albidus Schult. & Schult.f.
Narcissus × albus (Haw.) Spach
Narcissus × amplus Salisb.
Narcissus × aurantius (Haw.) Schult. & Schult.f.
Narcissus × bericus Turra ex Marz.-Penc.
Narcissus × bernardii DC. ex Hénon
Narcissus × gouanii Roth
Narcissus × incomparabiliformis Rouy
Narcissus × incomparabilis var. albidus (Schult. & Schult.f.) Nyman
Narcissus × incomparabilis var. albus (Haw.) Baker
Narcissus × incomparabilis var. aurantius (Haw.) Baker
Narcissus × juratensis Rouy
Narcissus moschatus var. sabinii (Lindl.) Nyman
Narcissus × parkinsonii Steud. ex Spach
Narcissus × queltia Sweet
Narcissus × sabinii Lindl.
Narcissus × stella auct.
Narcissus × sulphureus Sweet
Queltia × alba Haw.
Queltia × ampla (Salisb.) Salisb.
Queltia × aurantia Haw.
Queltia × biternaceus Salisb. [Invalid]
Queltia × concolor Haw.
Queltia × foetida Herb.
Queltia × gouanii (Roth) Haw.
Queltia × incomparabilis (Mill.) Haw.
Queltia × nivea Haw.
Queltia × parkinsonii (Steud. ex Spach) M.Roem.
Queltia × sabinii (Lindl.) M.Roem.
Queltia × semipartita Haw.
原產(chan)西班牙到法國西南部,以荷蘭(lan)栽(zai)培最為廣泛。
明星(xing)水仙為喇叭(ba)水仙與(yu)口紅水仙的雜交品種。鱗莖(jing)圓形(xing)。葉扁平(ping)狀線(xian)形(xing),灰綠色(se)(se),被(bei)白(bai)粉,長(chang)(chang)30-40厘(li)米,寬1厘(li)米。花(hua)(hua)葶(ting)有棱,與(yu)葉同高,花(hua)(hua)單(dan)生(sheng),大形(xing),平(ping)伸或(huo)(huo)下垂,徑5厘(li)米。副冠長(chang)(chang)度為花(hua)(hua)被(bei)片(pian)(pian)之半。黃或(huo)(huo)白(bai)色(se)(se),副冠為花(hua)(hua)被(bei)片(pian)(pian)長(chang)(chang)度的一半。有花(hua)(hua)被(bei)白(bai)色(se)(se)、副冠為黃色(se)(se)的,也有花(hua)(hua)被(bei)與(yu)副冠統為黃色(se)(se)的。花(hua)(hua)期(qi)4月。
多年生草本。具(ju)膜(mo)質有皮(pi)鱗莖(jing)(jing)。基(ji)生葉線形(xing)或(huo)圓(yuan)筒形(xing),與花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)莖(jing)(jing)同(tong)時(shi)抽出。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)莖(jing)(jing)實心。傘形(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序有花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)數(shu)(shu)朵,有時(shi)僅1朵;佛焰(yan)苞狀(zhuang)(zhuang)總苞膜(mo)質,下部管(guan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)直立或(huo)下垂;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被高腳碟狀(zhuang)(zhuang);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被管(guan)較短(duan)(duan),圓(yuan)筒狀(zhuang)(zhuang)或(huo)漏斗狀(zhuang)(zhuang),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被裂片6,幾相(xiang)等,直立或(huo)反卷;副花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠長管(guan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang),似花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被,或(huo)短(duan)(duan)縮成淺杯狀(zhuang)(zhuang);雄蕊著生于(yu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被管(guan)內,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)藥基(ji)著;子房每室具(ju)胚珠多數(shu)(shu),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱絲狀(zhuang)(zhuang),柱頭小,3裂。蒴果室背開裂;種子近(jin)球形(xing)。細胞染(ran)色體基(ji)數(shu)(shu)x=7、10、11。
明(ming)星水(shui)(shui)仙花(hua)期集中,供應期較短(duan)(duan),為(wei)滿足消費者的(de)需(xu)求,必(bi)須采取(qu)貯藏(zang)保鮮(xian)手段,延長(chang)供應期。從另一方面講,那些(xie)遠離城市的(de)花(hua)農(nong),也需(xu)要借助貯藏(zang)保鮮(xian)來(lai)確保切(qie)花(hua)質量(liang)。有(you)學者對明(ming)星水(shui)(shui)仙的(de)切(qie)花(hua)繁殖最優方式進行(xing)了大量(liang)試(shi)驗(yan)。結果表(biao)明(ming),傍(bang)晚(wan)采切(qie)的(de)切(qie)花(hua)均(jun)比(bi)早晨采切(qie)的(de)瓶插壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)長(chang),其(qi)最佳貯藏(zang)期以一周為(wei)宜,時間過長(chang),花(hua)色暗淡。另外切(qie)花(hua)的(de)瓶插壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)還(huan)與環境(jing)溫度有(you)關,溫度升高,瓶插壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)便縮短(duan)(duan)。
黃冠明(ming)星水仙(學名(ming):Narcissus × incomparabilis var. aurantius (Haw.) Baker ),副冠端部(bu)橙(cheng)黃色,基部(bu)淺黃色;
白(bai)冠(guan)明星(xing)水仙(學名:Narcissus × incomparabilis var. albus (Haw.) Baker) 副(fu)冠(guan)白(bai)色。
淡白明星水(shui)仙(學名:Narcissus × incomparabilis var. albidus (Schult. & Schult.f.) Nyman)