(學名:Rhodeus lighti)為鯉科鳑鲏(pi)屬的魚類(lei),是中國的特有物種。分布于福建、廣東直至黑龍江流域等。該物種的模式(shi)產地(di)在南(nan)京(jing)。
國內分布福建,廣東(dong)直至黑(hei)龍江(jiang)流(liu)域
國外分布
體(ti)扁薄而高,外形(xing)呈(cheng)卵(luan)圓形(xing)。第3眶下骨似倒置三角形(xing),其最高處相當于(yu)眼內緣的長度(du)。口角無須。側線不(bu)完全(quan),側線鱗3—6枚。縱列(lie)鱗31—34枚。背(bei)鰭(qi)基(ji)底(di)短于(yu)背(bei)鰭(qi)基(ji)部(bu)末(mo)端(duan)至尾(wei)鰭(qi)基(ji)部(bu)的距離(li);胸鰭(qi)末(mo)端(duan)后(hou)伸不(bu)達(da)腹(fu)鰭(qi)起點;臀(tun)鰭(qi)具(ju)8—11根(gen)分枝鰭(qi)條。體(ti)長60mm。棲息于(yu)水流緩慢、水草(cao)生長茂盛(sheng)的水灣或(huo)池塘、溪(xi)流中。常群(qun)集(ji),以水草(cao)、附著藻類(lei)、水生昆蟲和枝角類(lei)為食。4—6月進(jin)行繁殖(zhi),5月為產卵(luan)旺季。卵(luan)呈(cheng)橢圓形(xing)。繁殖(zhi)期間雌(ci)魚具(ju)產卵(luan)管,將卵(luan)產于(yu)蚌類(lei)的外套腔中;雄魚具(ju)鮮艷的婚姻(yin)色彩,其吻部(bu)具(ju)珠星。廣(guang)布于(yu)除青藏高原外的我國(guo)(guo)各地;國(guo)(guo)外見于(yu)朝鮮。
標準長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)體(ti)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)1.9—2.5倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)頭(tou)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)4.0-4.5倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尾(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柄長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)4.0—7.0倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尾(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柄高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)4.8—7.0倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)背(bei)(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基部長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)3.5—3.8倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)。頭(tou)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吻(wen)(wen)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)3.0—3.5倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)眼(yan)徑(jing)的(de)(de)(de)3.1—3.5倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei).為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)眼(yan)間距的(de)(de)(de)2.2—2.7倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尾(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柄長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)1.6-1.8倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尾(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柄高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)1.0--1.1倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)。尾(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柄長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尾(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柄高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)1.2—1.5倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)。體(ti)高(gao)而側(ce)扁(bian),體(ti)稍(shao)肥厚,頭(tou)后(hou)背(bei)(bei)部隆起(qi)(qi)(qi),腹(fu)部較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)圓,身(shen)體(ti)外(wai)形(xing)呈卵(luan)(luan)圓形(xing),與(yu)高(gao)體(ti)鳑(pang)鮍很相似(si)。頭(tou)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小而短,眼(yan)后(hou)頭(tou)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)吻(wen)(wen)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),約為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吻(wen)(wen)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)1.5-l.7倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)。吻(wen)(wen)短而尖。口端(duan)位。口角無(wu)須。眼(yan)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大,位于體(ti)側(ce)中(zhong)線偏(pian)上(shang)方(fang)。眼(yan)徑(jing)與(yu)吻(wen)(wen)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)相當。鼻(bi)孔(kong)位于眼(yan)前(qian)(qian)緣上(shang)方(fang),離(li)眼(yan)前(qian)(qian)緣較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)近(jin)。鰓(sai)(sai)耙短小,排(pai)列較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)密。下咽(yan)齒(chi)側(ce)扁(bian)。齒(chi)面(mian)具(ju)(ju)有明顯的(de)(de)(de)鋸紋,尖端(duan)呈鉤狀。背(bei)(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)外(wai)緣略向外(wai)凸(tu)起(qi)(qi)(qi)呈弧形(xing),無(wu)硬(ying)刺,其(qi)(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距吻(wen)(wen)端(duan)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)距尾(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基最(zui)后(hou)一(yi)(yi)片鱗(lin)片稍(shao)遠。胸鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),末端(duan)后(hou)伸(shen)接近(jin)腹(fu)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。腹(fu)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在背(bei)(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian),后(hou)伸(shen)更接近(jin)臀(tun)(tun)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),至胸鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)至臀(tun)(tun)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遠。臀(tun)(tun)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)無(wu)硬(ying)刺,其(qi)(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位于背(bei)(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)第(di)三(san)根分枝鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)條(tiao)(tiao)正(zheng)下方(fang)。尾(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)深(shen)叉形(xing)。尾(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柄較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)且稍(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。肛門略靠近(jin)腹(fu)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),至腹(fu)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基部的(de)(de)(de)距離(li)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)至臀(tun)(tun)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)。雌(ci)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)有產(chan)卵(luan)(luan)管。生(sheng)殖季(ji)節(jie)變長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。鱗(lin)片較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大,腹(fu)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基部具(ju)(ju)有腋鱗(lin)。側(ce)線不完全(quan).僅在鰓(sai)(sai)孔(kong)上(shang)角后(hou)方(fang)有3—6片。生(sheng)殖季(ji)節(jie)雄魚(yu)(yu)(yu)吻(wen)(wen)端(duan)具(ju)(ju)有兩簇白色(se)(se)(se)(se)珠星,隆起(qi)(qi)(qi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao),臀(tun)(tun)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)邊緣有較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)寬的(de)(de)(de)黑色(se)(se)(se)(se)飾(shi)邊,在最(zui)末一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)側(ce)線鱗(lin)處(chu)有一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)不十分明顯的(de)(de)(de)淡綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)橫斑(ban)。生(sheng)活(huo)時體(ti)色(se)(se)(se)(se)鮮(xian)艷,雄魚(yu)(yu)(yu)體(ti)色(se)(se)(se)(se)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)艷麗,眼(yan)球上(shang)方(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)桔紅色(se)(se)(se)(se)。鰓(sai)(sai)孔(kong)上(shang)角第(di)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)側(ce)線鱗(lin)上(shang)有一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)藍黑色(se)(se)(se)(se)大斑(ban)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。尾(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柄中(zhong)部有一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)黑色(se)(se)(se)(se)縱紋,向前(qian)(qian)延(yan)伸(shen)至背(bei)(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)下方(fang),或超過背(bei)(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。背(bei)(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、臀(tun)(tun)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和腹(fu)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)均呈淺(qian)黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。幼體(ti)和雌(ci)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)背(bei)(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)前(qian)(qian)部有一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)灰黑色(se)(se)(se)(se)大斑(ban)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),雄魚(yu)(yu)(yu)不明顯。尾(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)下葉之(zhi)(zhi)間還有一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)桔紅色(se)(se)(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)縱條(tiao)(tiao)紋。彩石鳑(pang)鮍是一(yi)(yi)種小型魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類,經濟價值低。生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)緩慢,第(di)一(yi)(yi)年稍(shao)快(kuai)。常棲息(xi)于水流(liu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)緩的(de)(de)(de)溪河、水溝、池塘或稻田等(deng)水體(ti)中(zhong),喜集群。其(qi)(qi)食(shi)物(wu)主要是水生(sheng)植物(wu)碎屑、藻類、周叢生(sheng)物(wu)和水蚤(zao)等(deng)。第(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性成熟為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1齡,生(sheng)殖季(ji)節(jie)在4-6月(yue),懷卵(luan)(luan)量小,一(yi)(yi)般(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)300--500粒(li)。產(chan)卵(luan)(luan)于瓣鰓(sai)(sai)類的(de)(de)(de)鰓(sai)(sai)水管中(zhong)。