(學名(ming):Rhodeus lighti)為鯉科鳑鲏屬的(de)魚類(lei),是中國的(de)特有物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)。分布于(yu)福建、廣東直至黑龍江流域等。該物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)模式(shi)產地在南京。
國內分布福建,廣東直至黑龍江流域
國外分布
體扁薄而高(gao),外形(xing)呈卵(luan)(luan)圓形(xing)。第3眶下(xia)骨似倒(dao)置三(san)角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing),其最高(gao)處相(xiang)當于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)眼內(nei)緣的長(chang)度。口角(jiao)(jiao)無須。側線(xian)(xian)不完全,側線(xian)(xian)鱗3—6枚(mei)。縱列鱗31—34枚(mei)。背鰭(qi)(qi)基底短于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)背鰭(qi)(qi)基部(bu)(bu)末(mo)(mo)端(duan)至尾鰭(qi)(qi)基部(bu)(bu)的距離;胸鰭(qi)(qi)末(mo)(mo)端(duan)后伸不達腹鰭(qi)(qi)起點;臀(tun)鰭(qi)(qi)具8—11根分枝(zhi)鰭(qi)(qi)條。體長(chang)60mm。棲(qi)息于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水流緩慢、水草生長(chang)茂(mao)盛的水灣或(huo)池(chi)塘、溪流中。常(chang)群集,以水草、附著藻類(lei)、水生昆(kun)蟲和枝(zhi)角(jiao)(jiao)類(lei)為(wei)食。4—6月進(jin)行繁(fan)殖(zhi),5月為(wei)產(chan)卵(luan)(luan)旺季。卵(luan)(luan)呈橢圓形(xing)。繁(fan)殖(zhi)期間雌魚(yu)具產(chan)卵(luan)(luan)管,將卵(luan)(luan)產(chan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)蚌類(lei)的外套(tao)腔(qiang)中;雄魚(yu)具鮮艷(yan)的婚姻(yin)色(se)彩(cai),其吻部(bu)(bu)具珠星(xing)。廣布于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)除青藏高(gao)原外的我(wo)國各(ge)地;國外見于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)朝鮮。
標(biao)準長(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)體(ti)(ti)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1.9—2.5倍(bei)(bei),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)頭長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4.0-4.5倍(bei)(bei),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尾(wei)(wei)柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4.0—7.0倍(bei)(bei),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尾(wei)(wei)柄(bing)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4.8—7.0倍(bei)(bei),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)背(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基(ji)(ji)部(bu)(bu)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3.5—3.8倍(bei)(bei)。頭長(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吻(wen)(wen)(wen)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3.0—3.5倍(bei)(bei),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)眼(yan)徑(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3.1—3.5倍(bei)(bei).為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)眼(yan)間距(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2.2—2.7倍(bei)(bei)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尾(wei)(wei)柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1.6-1.8倍(bei)(bei),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尾(wei)(wei)柄(bing)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1.0--1.1倍(bei)(bei)。尾(wei)(wei)柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尾(wei)(wei)柄(bing)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1.2—1.5倍(bei)(bei)。體(ti)(ti)高(gao)而側(ce)扁,體(ti)(ti)稍肥厚,頭后背(bei)部(bu)(bu)隆(long)起(qi),腹部(bu)(bu)較(jiao)(jiao)圓,身體(ti)(ti)外形呈卵圓形,與(yu)高(gao)體(ti)(ti)鳑鮍(pi)很相似(si)。頭較(jiao)(jiao)小而短(duan),眼(yan)后頭長(chang)(chang)較(jiao)(jiao)吻(wen)(wen)(wen)長(chang)(chang),約(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吻(wen)(wen)(wen)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1.5-l.7倍(bei)(bei)。吻(wen)(wen)(wen)短(duan)而尖。口端(duan)位。口角無(wu)須。眼(yan)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da),位于(yu)體(ti)(ti)側(ce)中(zhong)(zhong)線(xian)偏上(shang)方。眼(yan)徑(jing)與(yu)吻(wen)(wen)(wen)長(chang)(chang)相當。鼻(bi)孔(kong)(kong)位于(yu)眼(yan)前緣上(shang)方,離(li)眼(yan)前緣較(jiao)(jiao)近(jin)。鰓(sai)耙(pa)短(duan)小,排列較(jiao)(jiao)密(mi)。下咽(yan)齒側(ce)扁。齒面具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋸紋,尖端(duan)呈鉤狀(zhuang)。背(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)外緣略向外凸起(qi)呈弧(hu)形,無(wu)硬(ying)刺,其起(qi)點(dian)(dian)距(ju)(ju)吻(wen)(wen)(wen)端(duan)較(jiao)(jiao)距(ju)(ju)尾(wei)(wei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基(ji)(ji)最后一(yi)片(pian)鱗(lin)(lin)片(pian)稍遠。胸鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)較(jiao)(jiao)長(chang)(chang),末端(duan)后伸(shen)接近(jin)腹鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)起(qi)點(dian)(dian)。腹鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)起(qi)點(dian)(dian)在(zai)(zai)背(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)起(qi)點(dian)(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)前,后伸(shen)更接近(jin)臀(tun)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)起(qi)點(dian)(dian),至胸鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)起(qi)點(dian)(dian)較(jiao)(jiao)至臀(tun)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)起(qi)點(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遠。臀(tun)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)無(wu)硬(ying)刺,其起(qi)點(dian)(dian)位于(yu)背(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)第三根分(fen)枝鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)條(tiao)(tiao)正(zheng)下方。尾(wei)(wei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)深(shen)叉形。尾(wei)(wei)柄(bing)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)且(qie)稍長(chang)(chang)。肛門略靠近(jin)腹鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),至腹鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基(ji)(ji)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)距(ju)(ju)離(li)較(jiao)(jiao)至臀(tun)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)起(qi)點(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)。雌魚(yu)有(you)(you)(you)產卵管。生(sheng)殖季(ji)節(jie)變長(chang)(chang)。鱗(lin)(lin)片(pian)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da),腹鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基(ji)(ji)部(bu)(bu)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)腋(ye)鱗(lin)(lin)。側(ce)線(xian)不(bu)(bu)完全.僅在(zai)(zai)鰓(sai)孔(kong)(kong)上(shang)角后方有(you)(you)(you)3—6片(pian)。生(sheng)殖季(ji)節(jie)雄魚(yu)吻(wen)(wen)(wen)端(duan)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)兩簇白色(se)(se)珠星(xing),隆(long)起(qi)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao),臀(tun)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)邊(bian)緣有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)寬(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黑(hei)色(se)(se)飾邊(bian),在(zai)(zai)最末一(yi)個側(ce)線(xian)鱗(lin)(lin)處有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)不(bu)(bu)十分(fen)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淡(dan)綠色(se)(se)橫斑(ban)。生(sheng)活(huo)時體(ti)(ti)色(se)(se)鮮(xian)艷,雄魚(yu)體(ti)(ti)色(se)(se)較(jiao)(jiao)艷麗,眼(yan)球上(shang)方為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)桔(jie)紅(hong)色(se)(se)。鰓(sai)孔(kong)(kong)上(shang)角第一(yi)個側(ce)線(xian)鱗(lin)(lin)上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)個藍(lan)黑(hei)色(se)(se)大(da)(da)(da)斑(ban)點(dian)(dian)。尾(wei)(wei)柄(bing)中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)黑(hei)色(se)(se)縱紋,向前延(yan)伸(shen)至背(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)起(qi)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)下方,或(huo)(huo)超過背(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)起(qi)點(dian)(dian)。背(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、臀(tun)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和腹鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)均(jun)呈淺黃色(se)(se)。幼體(ti)(ti)和雌魚(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)前部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)個灰(hui)黑(hei)色(se)(se)大(da)(da)(da)斑(ban)點(dian)(dian),雄魚(yu)不(bu)(bu)明顯。尾(wei)(wei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)下葉(xie)之(zhi)(zhi)間還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)桔(jie)紅(hong)色(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)縱條(tiao)(tiao)紋。彩(cai)石(shi)鳑鮍(pi)是一(yi)種小型魚(yu)類(lei),經濟價值(zhi)低。生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)緩慢,第一(yi)年稍快(kuai)。常棲息于(yu)水流(liu)較(jiao)(jiao)緩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溪河、水溝、池塘或(huo)(huo)稻田等水體(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong),喜集群。其食物(wu)主要是水生(sheng)植物(wu)碎屑、藻類(lei)、周叢生(sheng)物(wu)和水蚤等。第一(yi)次性成(cheng)熟(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1齡,生(sheng)殖季(ji)節(jie)在(zai)(zai)4-6月,懷卵量小,一(yi)般為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)300--500粒(li)。產卵于(yu)瓣鰓(sai)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鰓(sai)水管中(zhong)(zhong)。