云浮(fu)蟠龍洞(dong)(dong)(dong)風景(jing)名勝(sheng)區位于(yu)廣(guang)東省(sheng)云浮(fu)市區北部的獅子山中,是一個經歷(li)了1.7億多年逐漸形成的次生溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)分3層,上為(wei)天(tian)(tian)堂通天(tian)(tian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong),下(xia)為(wei)龍泉地下(xia)河,中為(wei)九(jiu)龍長廊。蟠龍洞(dong)(dong)(dong)屬喀(ka)斯特(te)溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong),洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內石(shi)花高(gao)懸,鐘乳低(di)垂,石(shi)筍石(shi)柱如(ru)林(lin),石(shi)幔、石(shi)帳、石(shi)盾、石(shi)堤應有盡(jin)有,奇景(jing)疊出,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)體迂回曲折(zhe),形若(ruo)蛟龍,故(gu)得名"蟠龍洞(dong)(dong)(dong)"。
蟠(pan)龍洞(dong)屬喀斯特(te)(te)溶巖,經歷億萬年漫長歲(sui)月(yue)逐(zhu)漸形成。洞(dong)內(nei)(nei)游程528米,分三層,上(shang)層天(tian)(tian)堂通天(tian)(tian)洞(dong),下(xia)層龍泉地下(xia)河(he),中層九龍長廊,層層相連,曲折迷人(ren)。洞(dong)內(nei)(nei)鐘乳千姿百態,石(shi)筍(sun)石(shi)柱如林。處處有景(jing),景(jing)景(jing)皆奇。類(lei)人(ren)似物(wu)有“神龜朝(chao)圣”、“龍母浴池”“天(tian)(tian)書(shu)神筆(bi)”、“玉壁雄關”等58景(jing),真(zhen)是(shi)惟妙(miao)惟肖,栩栩如生,引人(ren)入勝。而最為奇特(te)(te)的(de)是(shi)洞(dong)內(nei)(nei)巖壁上(shang)長出的(de)簇(cu)簇(cu)石(shi)花,石(shi)花晶(jing)瑩潔白,剔透(tou)玲瓏,如銀星(xing)閃爍熠(yi)熠(yi)生輝。
蟠(pan)(pan)龍(long)洞位(wei)于(yu)云(yun)浮市(shi)區(qu)城北的獅子(zi)山(shan)中(zhong),因(yin)其洞體(ti)迂迥曲折(zhe),故得名。1993年5月,廣東(dong)省(sheng)人民政(zheng)府以(yi)[1993]66號文(wen),正(zheng)式(shi)批準(zhun)蟠(pan)(pan)龍(long)洞為省(sheng)級風景(jing)名勝區(qu)。蟠(pan)(pan)龍(long)洞自1985年對(dui)游(you)(you)人開放以(yi)來(lai),已(yi)接待(dai)數百萬游(you)(you)客(ke)(ke)。特(te)別近年來(lai),市(shi)政(zheng)府加大了(le)對(dui)景(jing)區(qu)建設(she)的投入,于(yu)蟠(pan)(pan)龍(long)洞旁(pang)興建蟠(pan)(pan)龍(long)天湖,一(yi)個集觀賞(shang)、食住(zhu)、游(you)(you)樂、購物于(yu)一(yi)體(ti)的旅游(you)(you)景(jing)區(qu)已(yi)初(chu)具(ju)規模,來(lai)自各地的游(you)(you)客(ke)(ke)更是(shi)絡繹不絕(jue)。
蟠龍(long)(long)洞(dong)旅游風(feng)景區(qu)和龍(long)(long)山溫泉旅游度假區(qu)與羅定聚(ju)龍(long)(long)洞(dong)、龍(long)(long)龕巖,肇慶星湖、德慶龍(long)(long)母廟連成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)“龍(long)(long)之旅”,成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)聞名海內外的(de)旅游熱線(xian)(xian)(xian)。經研(yan)究初步認為(wei)花卉(hui)狀組合構成(cheng)(cheng),在(zai)特(te)定的(de)物化(hua)條件下形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de),開(kai)始形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)時間(jian)約為(wei)35萬(wan)年前,至今仍(reng)在(zai)緩慢生(sheng)長,見氣成(cheng)(cheng)石,變幻無窮,生(sheng)長不為(wei)重力(li)所約。“玉羅傘帳”,又是蟠龍(long)(long)洞(dong)內另一(yi)個世界級洞(dong)穴奇觀。其(qi)狀如宮廷豪華(hua)傘帳,白里透黃,石褶線(xian)(xian)(xian)條美輪美奐,純屬自然形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng),其(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)因至今仍(reng)是一(yi)個謎,具有很高的(de)科研(yan)考古和科普價值。
蟠(pan)龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)地下(xia)河(he)(he)間(jian)歇(xie)性涌泉(quan)。蟠(pan)龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)中的(de)落水(shui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)直落21米(mi)深處,是龍(long)泉(quan)地下(xia)河(he)(he),在景點(dian)“群(qun)龍(long)布陣”處可螺(luo)旋而下(xia),曲伸如龍(long),一(yi)(yi)年四季,龍(long)泉(quan)滴水(shui)不(bu)斷,泉(quan)水(shui)甘冽。其下(xia)的(de)地下(xia)河(he)(he),長(chang)560米(mi),河(he)(he)寬8~10米(mi),高10~30米(mi)不(bu)等,它是一(yi)(yi)間(jian)歇(xie)泉(quan)供給河(he)(he)水(shui),來水(shui)時(shi),水(shui)浪滾翻(fan),哇哇作響,沖刷河(he)(he)灘,過一(yi)(yi)會又靜靜回(hui)流石洞(dong)(dong)(dong)。
蟠龍(long)洞的特(te)殊景(jing)觀(guan)有三外(wai):其一是世(shi)界三大石(shi)花洞之一。洞內石(shi)花剔透玲瓏(long),晶瑩如玉,它附著于巖壁(bi)之上,不按重力(li)方向(xiang)生(sheng)長(chang),而向(xiang)四(si)面節節開花,見氣成石(shi),繼續(xu)生(sheng)長(chang),變幻(huan)無窮(qiong)。其二是我國南方典型的大熊貓(mao)--劍齒象動(dong)物(wu)群(qun)"古(gu)動(dong)物(wu)化石(shi)區",最(zui)為珍貴的是"智(zhi)人"古(gu)人類化石(shi)。其三是蟠龍(long)洞尚未開發的龍(long)泉(quan)地(di)下(xia)河,河中有泉(quan)眼(yan),每隔十(shi)分(fen)鐘左右,泉(quan)眼(yan)波浪翻滾(gun),似(si)海潮(chao)洶涌,沖刷河岸,隨后又似(si)退潮(chao),靜靜地(di)回流石(shi)洞,經專家(jia)確認為地(di)下(xia)間歇(xie)泉(quan),是一罕見洞府奇觀(guan)。
洞(dong)長(chang)千米(mi),深暗幽邃。里(li)面有高達(da)30米(mi)的(de)螺(luo)頂,有深不(bu)見底的(de)石罅,寬闊空曠處(chu)都(dou)能容(rong)千人(ren)(ren),窄處(chu)不(bu)能2人(ren)(ren)并行。在洞(dong)內跺腳(jiao)砸壁會(hui)發出(chu)“嗡嗡”回音,給(gei)人(ren)(ren)一種(zhong)神秘莫測的(de)感(gan)覺。洞(dong)口(kou)朝南,為券(quan)拱門,門上(shang)坎刻“龍洞(dong)熏風”四個篆字(zi),為康(kang)熙14年5月(yue)立。洞(dong)內10米(mi)處(chu),有一供臺,臺上(shang)神像已廢(fei),只剩(sheng)臺下殘(can)存(cun)的(de)幾尊羅漢石像身(shen)軀。向洞(dong)內行至30米(mi)處(chu),開始向右下方拐(guai)彎(wan),回頭外(wai)望,只見洞(dong)口(kou)猶(you)如月(yue)牙(ya)出(chu)山,人(ren)(ren)稱“回首望月(yue)”。
繼(ji)續前(qian)行,步步廳景。鐘(zhong)乳(ru)石(shi)形(xing)成的(de)(de)“火(huo)燒葡(pu)萄架”含(han)珠(zhu)點翠;石(shi)壁上被浸(jin)蝕成的(de)(de)“仙人(ren)(ren)炕”形(xing)體逼真;巨(ju)石(shi)橫(heng)貫的(de)(de)“仙人(ren)(ren)橋(qiao)”奇特驚(jing)險,世間罕見。再(zai)向里(li)進,八戒可(ke)見鐘(zhong)乳(ru)石(shi)形(xing)成的(de)(de)“江(jiang)豬探(tan)海”、“水(shui)簾瀑(pu)布”、以及(ji)多(duo)年沖刷而成的(de)(de)“姜池(chi)”、“藕(ou)池(chi)”,池(chi)內形(xing)似(si)(si)鮮(xian)姜的(de)(de)鐘(zhong)乳(ru)石(shi)如霞似(si)(si)錦。“蓮藕(ou)”如雪似(si)(si)玉(yu)。“玉(yu)龍(long)(long)騰空”尤惹人(ren)(ren)注目:在高達20米的(de)(de)洞(dong)壁上,有(you)(you)一塊(kuai)鐘(zhong)乳(ru)石(shi),宛(wan)若玉(yu)龍(long)(long),通體覆蓋著銀光閃爍的(de)(de)“龍(long)(long)鱗”,妙不可(ke)言;龍(long)(long)頭垂(chui)下(xia),嘴里(li)噴球(qiu)吐玉(yu)人(ren)(ren),人(ren)(ren)稱(cheng)“龍(long)(long)滴(di)水(shui)”,滴(di)在下(xia)面“蓮花(hua)盆”里(li),四時不涸(he)。“鷂子翻(fan)身”是洞(dong)內向下(xia)延伸的(de)(de)地方,此處游人(ren)(ren)不能正面行進,必須翻(fan)過(guo)(guo)身子,雙手攀(pan)石(shi)倒行;路旁有(you)(you)深不見底的(de)(de)石(shi)罅。走過(guo)(guo)險境,是一段空闊平坦的(de)(de)地帶,這兒(er)路面干燥,清風習(xi)(xi)習(xi)(xi)。再(zai)向里(li)前(qian)進,便是“倒爬四十(shi)步”,雖然路程難走,卻(que)另有(you)(you)一番意境。再(zai)向前(qian)行200米,有(you)(you)巨(ju)石(shi)擋堵,不能前(qian)往(wang)。洞(dong)口外(wai)200米處為金代佛(fo)隱寺遺址,存戲臺和(he)石(shi)碑1通、古柏(bo)1株。漫山蒼(cang)松(song)翠柏(bo),郁郁蔥(cong)(cong)蔥(cong)(cong);山下(xia)溝(gou)壑幽深,樹林茂密。
盤龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)于1983年11月發(fa)現,1984年開發(fa),1985年正(zheng)式開放。游覽洞(dong)(dong)分兩層,上層洞(dong)(dong)為“天(tian)堂”通(tong)天(tian)洞(dong)(dong),下層為寶石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)洞(dong)(dong)室。洞(dong)(dong)內(nei)景(jing)(jing)點主要有“雞鳴破法”、“龍(long)珠(zhu)鎮洞(dong)(dong)”、“海(hai)(hai)獅卷(juan)簾”、“石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)羊拜客(ke)”、“龍(long)床寶鏡”、“龍(long)宮奇(qi)寶”、“龍(long)母(mu)玉(yu)池(chi)”、“仙桃(tao)盛會”、“青龍(long)翻浪”、“魚(yu)躍(yue)龍(long)門”、“金龍(long)入(ru)(ru)帳(zhang)”、“斑石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)凌空(kong)”、“雙龍(long)出海(hai)(hai)”、“海(hai)(hai)獅護(hu)帳(zhang)”、“龍(long)母(mu)回(hui)歸”等57景(jing)(jing),各(ge)景(jing)(jing)奇(qi)麗無比,景(jing)(jing)隨(sui)步移,路(lu)隨(sui)景(jing)(jing)轉(zhuan),非常緊湊,顯得突出,無怪有“神州奇(qi)葩”之(zhi)稱(cheng)(cheng)。從洞(dong)(dong)穴沉積物看,形態(tai)的(de)品種名(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)齊(qi)全,如“天(tian)書神筆”的(de)鐘乳石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、“神龜(gui)朝圣”的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)筍(sun)、“玉(yu)柱(zhu)(zhu)擎空(kong)”的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)、“玉(yu)壁雄關”的(de)邊石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)壩、“金龍(long)入(ru)(ru)帳(zhang)”的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)瀑布、“龍(long)母(mu)玉(yu)池(chi)”的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蓮盤、“仙山瓊閣(ge)”的(de)狗牙石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(水盆晶簇(cu))、“雨箭風刀”的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)旗、“海(hai)(hai)獅護(hu)帳(zhang)”的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)盾與石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幔(man)以(yi)及“巨龍(long)迎賓”的(de)凝結水再(zai)溶蝕鐘乳石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等,無一不奇(qi),無一不怪。
寶石花
蟠龍洞(dong)內最為(wei)(wei)奇特的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)洞(dong)內巖(yan)壁上(shang)長出的(de)(de)(de)(de)簇(cu)簇(cu)“寶石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)”,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)晶瑩(ying)潔(jie)白,剔透玲瓏(long),形(xing)態萬千,如銀星閃爍,熠(yi)熠(yi)生輝。在(zai)國(guo)內外(wai)(wai)均比(bi)較罕見,全世(shi)界(jie)僅美國(guo)、土耳其和中國(guo)有,除河南省鞏(gong)縣石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)洞(dong)等(deng)極少(shao)數洞(dong)穴有此種(zhong)類型沉積(ji)外(wai)(wai),很少(shao)見到這種(zhong)雪白晶瑩(ying),似(si)球非球,似(si)針非針的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)態和色澤的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua),因此很受(shou)游人稱(cheng)道,其形(xing)態之(zhi)完美,色澤之(zhi)純白,堪稱(cheng)世(shi)界(jie)等(deng)級(ji),被(bei)譽(yu)為(wei)(wei)“世(shi)界(jie)十大(da)洞(dong)穴奇景”之(zhi)一。蟠龍洞(dong)也(ye)因此在(zai)1987年的(de)(de)(de)(de)《國(guo)際洞(dong)穴年會》上(shang)被(bei)世(shi)界(jie)洞(dong)穴協會譽(yu)為(wei)(wei)“世(shi)界(jie)三(san)大(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)洞(dong)”之(zhi)一。經專家研(yan)究初(chu)步(bu)認為(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)是(shi)(shi)由(you)三(san)種(zhong)化(hua)學沉積(ji)形(xing)態的(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)卉狀組合(he)體構成(cheng)(cheng),即(ji)由(you)方解石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐘乳(ru)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(核心)、文(wen)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)枝和方解石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)質(zhi)與文(wen)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)卷(juan)(juan)曲石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)。最典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)組合(he)結構是(shi)(shi),以鐘乳(ru)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)干,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)枝為(wei)(wei)枝、為(wei)(wei)花(hua),卷(juan)(juan)曲石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)節、皮、蕾(lei)。因此它們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)要有三(san)個階(jie)(jie)段:第一階(jie)(jie)段是(shi)(shi)滴水形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)鐘乳(ru)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);第二階(jie)(jie)段,在(zai)封閉(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境下,洞(dong)內沒(mei)有空氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流動,處于十分寧靜、氣(qi)溫恒定且略(lve)高時,由(you)微壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)水緩慢滲出,結晶沉淀(dian)生出石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)枝;第三(san)階(jie)(jie)段,由(you)毛細水或(huo)由(you)于氣(qi)溶膠(jiao)作(zuo)用形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)卷(juan)(juan)曲石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。至今仍(reng)在(zai)緩慢生長,附著于巖(yan)壁之(zhi)上(shang),見氣(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),變幻無窮(qiong),生長不為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)力所約,不按重(zhong)力方向(xiang)生長,而(er)向(xiang)四周節節開花(hua),就象(xiang)我們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頭(tou)發一樣(yang)不斷自根部(bu)向(xiang)外(wai)(wai)推出生長一樣(yang),因而(er)也(ye)稱(cheng)“永不凋謝的(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)”。
玉羅傘帳
玉(yu)(yu)羅(luo)(luo)傘帳(zhang)是(shi)蟠(pan)龍洞內另一(yi)個世(shi)界級(ji)洞穴奇觀。它的(de)(de)外形酷(ku)似人們平時所見的(de)(de)羅(luo)(luo)傘蚊帳(zhang),形態(tai)之優美,在世(shi)上是(shi)極其罕見的(de)(de)。它由兩部(bu)分(fen)組成(cheng),頂(ding)部(bu)的(de)(de)盾(dun)形板面叫(jiao)石盾(dun)(也叫(jiao)調(diao)色(se)板),從(cong)盾(dun)頂(ding)墜下來的(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)叫(jiao)盾(dun)墜,屬(shu)于石幕式的(de)(de)石幔。這兩部(bu)分(fen)結(jie)合起(qi)來,便是(shi)一(yi)頂(ding)神似玉(yu)(yu)石的(de)(de)華麗宮廷(ting)蚊帳(zhang),故被稱為(wei)“玉(yu)(yu)羅(luo)(luo)傘帳(zhang)”。玉(yu)(yu)羅(luo)(luo)傘帳(zhang)的(de)(de)前后兩部(bu)分(fen)顏色(se)有明顯的(de)(de)差異,后部(bu)分(fen)色(se)澤(ze)較暗(an),生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)較早,據測已有24200年了,前半(ban)部(bu)潔白如玉(yu)(yu),生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)較晚,估計生(sheng)成(cheng)年代(dai)在數千年之內。
蟠龍(long)洞美食特(te)色:新興(xing)裹蒸(zheng)粽、天堂狗肉、勒(le)竹田螺(luo)、炒田螺(luo)、連灘釀豆腐(fu)小吃:南(nan)(nan)乳花(hua)生、郁南(nan)(nan)蜜棗(zao)、郁南(nan)(nan)寶珠龐寨荔枝(zhi)、新興(xing)香荔、新興(xing)涼(liang)果(guo)。