當(dang)頭(tou)炮,也稱中(zhong)炮,象(xiang)(xiang)棋(qi)術(shu)語,是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)開(kai)局著(zhu)法。首著(zhu)炮二平(ping)五或(huo)炮八(ba)平(ping)五,把(ba)炮放(fang)在正線位,是(shi)(shi)(shi)先走(zou)一方取(qu)主(zhu)動攻勢的(de)一種(zhong)布局。優點(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)頭(tou)炮威脅到(dao)對(dui)方中(zhong)卒,使對(dui)方不得(de)不采取(qu)措施保中(zhong)卒。缺(que)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)無法飛(fei)相。多數象(xiang)(xiang)棋(qi)大師總(zong)結,在對(dui)弈(yi)中(zhong)先手走(zou)當(dang)頭(tou)炮占有一定(ding)優,這個結果是(shi)(shi)(shi)比賽總(zong)結出來的(de),人們一般把(ba)當(dang)頭(tou)炮布局視為(wei)武棋(qi),而飛(fei)象(xiang)(xiang)局、仙人指路開(kai)局視為(wei)文棋(qi)。因(yin)此,在現實生活(huo)中(zhong),如果跟老人或(huo)長輩棋(qi)走(zou)當(dang)頭(tou)炮,被暗示(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)無禮貌的(de)行為(wei)。
當頭(tou)炮(pao),也稱“中(zhong)(zhong)宮(gong)炮(pao)”、“中(zhong)(zhong)炮(pao)”。屬于象棋術語,是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)開局(ju)(ju)著法。起著把炮(pao)放在正中(zhong)(zhong)線位,是(shi)先走一(yi)方采取主動攻勢的一(yi)種(zhong)布局(ju)(ju)。幾乎所有的開局(ju)(ju),后(hou)手(shou)(shou)都(dou)可以應之以當頭(tou)炮(pao)。仕角(jiao)炮(pao)和(he)過宮(gong)炮(pao),后(hou)手(shou)(shou)常(chang)常(chang)以當頭(tou)炮(pao)應著。
當頭炮作用(yong)是(shi)威(wei)脅對(dui)方中(zhong)卒,使后走一方立即采(cai)取上馬或對(dui)炮應(ying)著。“以炮斗(dou)炮”(指順手炮與列手炮)與“以炮攻馬”(主要為(wei)屏風馬防御(常見布局有中(zhong)炮過河車對(dui)屏風馬平炮兌車和五七炮)),是(shi)象(xiang)棋布局的兩個系統。當頭炮可以演化為(wei)五六炮、五七炮、五八(ba)炮、五九炮、中(zhong)炮七路馬、窩心(xin)炮等布局。
桔中(zhong)秘中(zhong)的(de)當頭(tou)炮(pao)口訣是這樣的(de):“起(qi)炮(pao)在中(zhong)宮,比諸局較雄,馬(ma)常守中(zhong)卒,士(shi)上將(jiang)防(fang)空,象要車(che)相護(hu),卒宜左(zuo)右攻,若將(jiang)炮(pao)臨(lin)敵,馬(ma)出渡河從(cong)。”