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解放戰(zhan)爭時期，中(zhong)國人民(min)解放軍晉冀魯豫(yu)野戰(zhan)軍主力(li)南(nan)渡黃河(he)，出擊外線，在(zai)山東省(sheng)西南(nan)部地區對國民(min)黨軍進行的(de)進攻作戰(zhan)。

歷史背景

1947年3月(yue)，國民(min)(min)黨軍(jun)由(you)對解放區(qu)的(de)(de)全面進攻轉為對陜(shan)北和(he)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)重點進攻，而(er)在這(zhe)兩(liang)個戰場(chang)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)晉冀魯(lu)豫(yu)戰場(chang)上(shang)(shang)，兵(bing)力有(you)所削弱(ruo)，形成兩(liang)頭(tou)重中(zhong)間輕(qing)的(de)(de)“啞鈴形”態(tai)勢，企圖利(li)用黃河(he)天(tian)險阻止人民(min)(min)解放軍(jun)南進。到6月(yue)間，從(cong)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)阿至河(he)南省開封250千(qian)米的(de)(de)黃河(he)防線上(shang)(shang)，僅有(you)第(di)(di)4“綏靖”區(qu)司令官劉汝明(ming)部(bu)(bu)整編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)55、第(di)(di)68師和(he)地(di)(di)方保(bao)安團(tuan)隊(dui)擔任防守。整編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)55師師部(bu)(bu)率(lv)第(di)(di)29旅(lv)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)鄆城(cheng)、皇(huang)姑庵(an)地(di)(di)區(qu)，其第(di)(di)74、第(di)(di)181旅(lv)分別(bie)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)蕭皮口、鄄城(cheng)地(di)(di)區(qu)；整編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)68師師部(bu)(bu)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)菏澤，其第(di)(di)81、第(di)(di)143、第(di)(di)119旅(lv)分別(bie)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)明(ming)、杜集、畢寨地(di)(di)區(qu)。另有(you)整編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)70師（2個旅(lv)）位(wei)(wei)于(yu)嘉祥(xiang)地(di)(di)區(qu)機動(dong)(dong)。晉冀魯(lu)豫(yu)野戰軍(jun)司令員劉伯承、政治委員鄧小平在5月(yue)下旬結束(shu)豫(yu)北攻勢后，即根(gen)據中(zhong)共中(zhong)央(yang)關于(yu)向中(zhong)原出動(dong)(dong)、轉入外線作(zuo)戰的(de)(de)既定方針，組織(zhi)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)休整，做好外線作(zuo)戰的(de)(de)各(ge)項準備工(gong)作(zuo)：進行政治動(dong)(dong)員，調整組織(zhi)，補(bu)充兵(bing)員和(he)武(wu)器糧(liang)彈；頒發《敵(di)前渡(du)河(he)戰術指導》，進行戰前訓練；成立渡(du)河(he)指揮部(bu)(bu)，對預定渡(du)河(he)地(di)(di)段(duan)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)形、敵(di)情、水情作(zuo)詳細偵察；修造船只(zhi)120余(yu)艘，訓練水手、船工(gong)；組織(zhi)民(min)(min)兵(bing)、民(min)(min)工(gong)5萬余(yu)人支援前線等。

6月，中(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)軍(jun)委指(zhi)示晉冀魯(lu)豫(yu)野戰軍(jun)主力于(yu)月底強渡(du)黃(huang)(huang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)，先(xian)在(zai)魯(lu)西(xi)南(nan)地(di)(di)區求殲(jian)(jian)敵軍(jun)，爾后向(xiang)大別山進擊，在(zai)鄂豫(yu)皖邊界地(di)(di)區實施(shi)戰略(lve)展開。劉伯(bo)承(cheng)、鄧(deng)小平根據這一指(zhi)示和國民黨軍(jun)設防(fang)情況，決心(xin)集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)4個縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)又2個獨(du)(du)立旅(lv)(lv)，從山東(dong)(dong)省陽谷以(yi)東(dong)(dong)張秋鎮至菏澤以(yi)北(bei)臨(lin)濮集(ji)(ji)150千(qian)米的(de)8個地(di)(di)段上(shang)突破黃(huang)(huang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)防(fang)線，首先(xian)發起魯(lu)西(xi)南(nan)戰役(yi)(yi)，殲(jian)(jian)滅劉汝明(ming)集(ji)(ji)團，并(bing)在(zai)運動(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)殲(jian)(jian)滅來援(yuan)之敵一部(bu)(bu)，然后向(xiang)大別山挺進。其部(bu)(bu)署是：冀魯(lu)豫(yu)軍(jun)區獨(du)(du)立第(di)(di)(di)(di)1旅(lv)(lv)于(yu)6月27日先(xian)行秘密(mi)渡(du)河(he)(he)(he)(he)，在(zai)戴廟、蔡家莊地(di)(di)區接(jie)(jie)應第(di)(di)(di)(di)1縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)渡(du)河(he)(he)(he)(he)，并(bing)配(pei)(pei)合第(di)(di)(di)(di)1、第(di)(di)(di)(di)2縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)行動(dong)；原在(zai)黃(huang)(huang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)南(nan)岸的(de)獨(du)(du)立第(di)(di)(di)(di)2旅(lv)(lv)在(zai)舊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)集(ji)(ji)、臨(lin)濮集(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)區接(jie)(jie)應第(di)(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)渡(du)河(he)(he)(he)(he)，并(bing)配(pei)(pei)合其作戰；第(di)(di)(di)(di)1縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)魏家山、張堂等(deng)(deng)渡(du)口渡(du)河(he)(he)(he)(he)，在(zai)獨(du)(du)立第(di)(di)(di)(di)1旅(lv)(lv)協(xie)同下，圍殲(jian)(jian)鄆城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)及(ji)其以(yi)北(bei)守軍(jun)；第(di)(di)(di)(di)2縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)孫口、林樓等(deng)(deng)渡(du)口渡(du)河(he)(he)(he)(he)，以(yi)1個旅(lv)(lv)圍殲(jian)(jian)皇姑庵守敵，主力插至鄆城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)西(xi)協(xie)同第(di)(di)(di)(di)1縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)作戰；第(di)(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)李橋、于(yu)莊等(deng)(deng)渡(du)口渡(du)河(he)(he)(he)(he)，圍殲(jian)(jian)鄄城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)及(ji)其西(xi)北(bei)地(di)(di)區守軍(jun)；第(di)(di)(di)(di)3縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)為戰役(yi)(yi)預備隊(dui)(dui)(dui)，進至白衣(yi)閣附近，視情況隨第(di)(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)或第(di)(di)(di)(di)2縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)渡(du)河(he)(he)(he)(he)，擴大戰果。在(zai)主力渡(du)河(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)前一天，以(yi)太行軍(jun)區、冀南(nan)軍(jun)區、冀魯(lu)豫(yu)軍(jun)區部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)各(ge)一部(bu)(bu)和豫(yu)皖蘇(su)軍(jun)區部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)在(zai)黃(huang)(huang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)兩岸分別向(xiang)當面之敵發起攻擊，迷惑和牽制敵軍(jun)。

戰爭過程

1947年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)30日夜(ye)，晉冀(ji)魯豫野戰(zhan)軍(jun)4個(ge)(ge)(ge)縱隊(dui)(dui)共13個(ge)(ge)(ge)旅12萬余人(ren)，以突然勇猛的(de)動作，一(yi)(yi)舉(ju)突破國(guo)民黨軍(jun)的(de)黃河防(fang)線，殲敵一(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)。劉汝明急令整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)55師(shi)第(di)(di)(di)74、第(di)(di)(di)29旅退集(ji)鄆城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)68師(shi)主力和(he)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)55師(shi)第(di)(di)(di)181旅退守菏澤(ze)。第(di)(di)(di)1縱隊(dui)(dui)4個(ge)(ge)(ge)旅在獨立第(di)(di)(di)1旅配(pei)合(he)下，當即包圍鄆城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，并(bing)于(yu)7月(yue)(yue)2日攻(gong)占該城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)四關(guan)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)余3個(ge)(ge)(ge)縱隊(dui)(dui)進至鄄城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、皇姑庵地(di)區(qu)(qu)，待(dai)機(ji)打援(yuan)。對(dui)晉冀(ji)魯豫野戰(zhan)軍(jun)主力渡過黃河，國(guo)民黨軍(jun)陸軍(jun)總司(si)(si)令兼徐州司(si)(si)令部(bu)(bu)(bu)司(si)(si)令顧祝(zhu)同甚為震驚，慌忙從豫北(bei)(bei)、豫皖蘇邊(bian)界(jie)地(di)區(qu)(qu)抽調3個(ge)(ge)(ge)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)師(shi)又1個(ge)(ge)(ge)旅，連同整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)70師(shi)組成(cheng)第(di)(di)(di)2兵團增援(yuan)魯西(xi)(xi)南(nan)。該兵團司(si)(si)令官王(wang)敬久以第(di)(di)(di)153旅進至定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)陶(tao)(tao)，與退守菏澤(ze)的(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)組成(cheng)西(xi)(xi)路(lu)(lu)；以地(di)方團隊(dui)(dui)防(fang)守曹(cao)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)；以整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)32、第(di)(di)(di)66師(shi)各2個(ge)(ge)(ge)旅經金鄉(xiang)(xiang)北(bei)(bei)上，會同整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)70師(shi)組成(cheng)東(dong)路(lu)(lu)；將整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)58師(shi)及(ji)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)66師(shi)第(di)(di)(di)199旅配(pei)置在金鄉(xiang)(xiang)作為后(hou)應。企圖(tu)以整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)55師(shi)堅(jian)守鄆城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，吸引晉冀(ji)魯豫野戰(zhan)軍(jun)主力于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)下，然后(hou)以東(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩路(lu)(lu)援(yuan)軍(jun)向(xiang)北(bei)(bei)鉗(qian)擊其(qi)(qi)(qi)側(ce)后(hou)，迫其(qi)(qi)(qi)背水作戰(zhan)。劉伯(bo)承、鄧(deng)小平(ping)識破了(le)這一(yi)(yi)企圖(tu)，立即采(cai)取攻(gong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)點（鄆城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)）、吸其(qi)(qi)(qi)來(lai)援(yuan)（金鄉(xiang)(xiang)）、啃其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)邊(bian)（定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)陶(tao)(tao)）、各個(ge)(ge)(ge)擊破的(de)方針，以第(di)(di)(di)1縱隊(dui)(dui)等部(bu)(bu)(bu)攻(gong)取鄆城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)；以第(di)(di)(di)2、第(di)(di)(di)6縱隊(dui)(dui)迅速從東(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩路(lu)(lu)援(yuan)敵之間向(xiang)南(nan)，攻(gong)占定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)陶(tao)(tao)、曹(cao)縣(xian)(xian)；以第(di)(di)(di)3縱隊(dui)(dui)進到(dao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)陶(tao)(tao)以東(dong)待(dai)機(ji)。7月(yue)(yue)8日晨，第(di)(di)(di)1縱隊(dui)(dui)攻(gong)克(ke)鄆城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，全殲整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)55師(shi)師(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)旅。10日夜(ye)，第(di)(di)(di)6縱隊(dui)(dui)攻(gong)占定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)陶(tao)(tao)，全殲第(di)(di)(di)153旅；第(di)(di)(di)2縱隊(dui)(dui)收復曹(cao)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)；第(di)(di)(di)3縱隊(dui)(dui)到(dao)達(da)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)陶(tao)(tao)以東(dong)地(di)區(qu)(qu)。

7月10日，國(guo)民黨(dang)援軍(jun)(jun)東(dong)(dong)路(lu)整(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)70師(shi)(shi)（1個(ge)半旅）、整(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)32師(shi)(shi)和(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)66師(shi)(shi)主力(li)(li)，分(fen)別進(jin)至六(liu)營(ying)(ying)集、獨(du)山集、羊(yang)(yang)山集地區，由北(bei)向(xiang)南擺成一(yi)字長蛇陣(zhen)。晉冀魯豫野戰軍(jun)(jun)當即(ji)調(diao)整(zheng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)署，轉兵東(dong)(dong)進(jin)。13日拂曉(xiao)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1縱(zong)隊(dui)將位于六(liu)營(ying)(ying)集的(de)(de)整(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)70師(shi)(shi)、獨(du)山集的(de)(de)整(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)32師(shi)(shi)隔開，并切斷其(qi)(qi)與羊(yang)(yang)山集整(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)66師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)聯系。當日中午，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)2縱(zong)隊(dui)在謝集殲國(guo)民黨(dang)軍(jun)(jun)1個(ge)團，隨(sui)即(ji)向(xiang)東(dong)(dong)協同第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)3縱(zong)隊(dui)包圍(wei)羊(yang)(yang)山集。王(wang)敬久發覺所部(bu)(bu)(bu)被(bei)(bei)(bei)分(fen)割后舉棋不定(ding)，先令北(bei)邊的(de)(de)整(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)70師(shi)(shi)和(he)南邊的(de)(de)整(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)66師(shi)(shi)向(xiang)中間(jian)的(de)(de)整(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)32師(shi)(shi)靠攏；復令整(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)32師(shi)(shi)向(xiang)北(bei)接應(ying)整(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)70師(shi)(shi)，再向(xiang)南靠攏整(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)66師(shi)(shi)。整(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)32師(shi)(shi)在第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1縱(zong)隊(dui)追擊下，師(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)率1個(ge)旅逃(tao)入六(liu)營(ying)(ying)集與整(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)70師(shi)(shi)會合，其(qi)(qi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)139旅則被(bei)(bei)(bei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1縱(zong)隊(dui)和(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)隊(dui)一(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)追殲于逃(tao)往(wang)嘉(jia)祥的(de)(de)途中，防守(shou)嘉(jia)祥城的(de)(de)整(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)70師(shi)(shi)一(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)也(ye)被(bei)(bei)(bei)迫向(xiang)濟寧撤逃(tao)。與此(ci)同時，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)隊(dui)主力(li)(li)緊縮對六(liu)營(ying)(ying)集的(de)(de)包圍(wei)圈。劉伯承、鄧小平考慮，六(liu)營(ying)(ying)集為僅有200戶(hu)人(ren)家的(de)(de)村莊(zhuang)，糧食飲(yin)水(shui)奇缺，敵(di)(di)軍(jun)(jun)2個(ge)整(zheng)編(bian)(bian)師(shi)(shi)師(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)2個(ge)半旅擠在這一(yi)狹(xia)小地區內，若對其(qi)(qi)四面圍(wei)攻(gong)(gong)，敵(di)(di)必作“困獸之(zhi)斗”。因此(ci)采取“圍(wei)三闕一(yi)”部(bu)(bu)(bu)署，以(yi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1縱(zong)隊(dui)在六(liu)營(ying)(ying)集以(yi)東(dong)(dong)布(bu)成袋形陣(zhen)地，以(yi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)隊(dui)于14日20時由西向(xiang)東(dong)(dong)對六(liu)營(ying)(ying)集發起猛攻(gong)(gong)。整(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)32、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)70師(shi)(shi)向(xiang)東(dong)(dong)突圍(wei)，被(bei)(bei)(bei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1縱(zong)隊(dui)全殲。

7月(yue)15日，第(di)(di)(di)(di)2、第(di)(di)(di)(di)3縱隊對羊(yang)(yang)山集(ji)(ji)發起(qi)攻擊，但因(yin)該處(chu)守軍以羊(yang)(yang)山作(zuo)依托(tuo)，南側地形低(di)洼、積水較多(duo)，雖經兩天激戰，進(jin)展不大。此時(shi)，蔣介石(shi)得知整(zheng)編第(di)(di)(di)(di)32師(shi)等(deng)部連續(xu)被殲和羊(yang)(yang)山集(ji)(ji)整(zheng)編第(di)(di)(di)(di)66師(shi)告(gao)急(ji)等(deng)情(qing)況(kuang)，于(yu)19日飛抵(di)開封坐鎮指揮，從西安、洛陽、豫北(bei)、山東、漢口等(deng)地抽調7個整(zheng)編師(shi)又2個旅(lv)向魯西南馳(chi)援(yuan)。20日又令王敬(jing)久率整(zheng)編第(di)(di)(di)(di)58師(shi)和第(di)(di)(di)(di)199旅(lv)，在飛機(ji)、坦克掩護下(xia)由金鄉北(bei)上，以解羊(yang)(yang)山集(ji)(ji)之圍(wei)。劉伯承、鄧小平為爭取先機(ji)之利，以獨(du)立第(di)(di)(di)(di)1、第(di)(di)(di)(di)2旅(lv)進(jin)至萬福河阻(zu)援(yuan)，將第(di)(di)(di)(di)199旅(lv)和由羊(yang)(yang)山集(ji)(ji)出來接(jie)(jie)應的1個團全殲。接(jie)(jie)著(zhu)，集(ji)(ji)中第(di)(di)(di)(di)2、第(di)(di)(di)(di)3、第(di)(di)(di)(di)6縱隊于(yu)27日對羊(yang)(yang)山集(ji)(ji)發起(qi)總攻，戰至28日晚，全殲整(zheng)編第(di)(di)(di)(di)66師(shi)師(shi)部及(ji)2個旅(lv)。

歷史影響

魯(lu)西南戰(zhan)役，晉冀魯(lu)豫野(ye)戰(zhan)軍采取南北牽制(zhi)，寬正面、多地段(duan)的(de)突然強渡(du)黃河，積極創(chuang)造與(yu)捕(bu)捉戰(zhan)機(ji)，調動敵軍就范，把攻城與(yu)野(ye)戰(zhan)、分割與(yu)圍殲相(xiang)結合，創(chuang)造了(le)(le)以15個(ge)旅的(de)兵力殲敵4個(ge)整編師共9個(ge)半(ban)旅約6萬人(ren)的(de)戰(zhan)績，從而打亂了(le)(le)國民黨軍在(zai)南部戰(zhan)線的(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)部署，開辟了(le)(le)進軍大(da)別山的(de)道路，揭(jie)開了(le)(le)人(ren)民解(jie)放(fang)軍戰(zhan)略(lve)進攻的(de)序幕(mu)。