【質量特色】
果(guo)近(jin)卵圓形(xing)或近(jin)圓形(xing),果(guo)皮(pi)暗(an)紅帶綠色,裂紋(wen)及縫合線(xian)均明(ming)顯,果(guo)肉(rou)乳白色,肉(rou)質特(te)別爽脆,清甜帶特(te)殊香味。
【地標地理】
增城(cheng)市位于廣東省中部、珠江三(san)角(jiao)洲東北(bei)角(jiao),北(bei)回(hui)歸線通過(guo)本(ben)區域北(bei)部,屬亞熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候,日照長、氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)高(gao)(gao)、雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)充沛、四季(ji)(ji)(ji)常青,既有熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)特(te)征,又有亞熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)特(te)色。雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)充沛,河(he)流眾多,水(shui)資源比較(jiao)豐富。年(nian)(nian)平均降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)1856毫(hao)米(mi),其中:地(di)表水(shui)多年(nian)(nian)徑流量(liang)(liang)1099.9毫(hao)米(mi),年(nian)(nian)徑流量(liang)(liang)19.15億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。主要河(he)流——增江、東江、西福(fu)河(he)多年(nian)(nian)平均過(guo)境客水(shui)179.5億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi),主客水(shui)合(he)計為(wei)198.65億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi),特(te)別適(shi)合(he)于種植水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)。“炎熱(re)多雨(yu)(yu),長夏(xia)無(wu)冬”是增城(cheng)市的氣(qi)(qi)候特(te)征。年(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)21.8℃。春(chun)季(ji)(ji)(ji),由于受(shou)(shou)冷暖空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)交替影響,天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)多變,陰雨(yu)(yu)多,陽光少,空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)潮(chao)(chao)濕(shi),氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)在 12.7℃-21.7℃之(zhi)間(jian)。夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji),熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)海洋風(feng)增強,天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)常受(shou)(shou)副熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)高(gao)(gao)壓控制,空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)悶(men)熱(re),極端(duan)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)38.2℃,平均為(wei)27℃。4-6月多季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)雨(yu)(yu)、占全(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)46.7%。7-9月多臺風(feng)雨(yu)(yu),占全(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)36.27%。冬季(ji)(ji)(ji),受(shou)(shou)北(bei)方(fang)干冷空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)影響,氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)下降(jiang),1月平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei) 12.l℃。 12月至1月,常有寒潮(chao)(chao)侵(qin)襲,偶有霜天(tian)(tian),極端(duan)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)-1.9℃。日照長, 日照時數(shu)1976小時,水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生長期263天(tian)(tian),無(wu)霜期355—360天(tian)(tian),作(zuo)物可一年(nian)(nian)三(san)熟,按照氣(qi)(qi)候學低(di)于10℃為(wei)冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)的劃分標準,增城(cheng)沒(mei)有真正的冬季(ji)(ji)(ji),但人們仍將天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)較(jiao)涼的11月至1月稱為(wei)冬天(tian)(tian)。
【文化背景】
增(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)是(shi)(shi)荔(li)枝(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)珍稀果(guo)(guo)品,清初康熙八年(nian)(1669)始見于文獻記載(zai),產于增(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)新塘四(si)(si)望崗(gang)。乾(qian)隆《增(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》載(zai):“四(si)(si)望崗(gang),邑治南(nan)八十里,在(zai)(zai)甘(gan)泉(quan)都(dou)沙貝村(cun)東崗(gang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)植(zhi)荔(li)子(zi)十數本,名(ming)曰掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),遷其(qi)(qi)地(di)弗(fu)良。”其(qi)(qi)后雖散布于縣(xian)(xian)(xian)內外(wai)各(ge)地(di),但在(zai)(zai)道(dao)光年(nian)間(jian),掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)荔(li)枝(zhi)已(yi)少(shao)見。崔弼《珍帚編(bian)》詩(shi):“廣州荔(li)枝(zhi),以掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為上(shang)(shang)(shang)。增(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)墩(dun)、沙貝諸村(cun),所(suo)在(zai)(zai)多有(you)。花時(shi),長吏(li)使標(biao)志(zhi)之。歲畏其(qi)(qi)擾,斧之無遺(yi)類矣。” 四(si)(si)望崗(gang)掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)因(yin)而絕跡至(zhi)宣(xuan)統(tong)時(shi),以縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)株(zhu)馳(chi)名(ming)。宣(xuan)統(tong)《增(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》載(zai):“案:掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)一(yi)種,近以縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)門外(wai)西(xi)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)株(zhu)最為名(ming)貴,價值(zhi)十余倍于其(qi)(qi)他(ta)。”至(zhi)今(jin),西(xi)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)飲(yin)譽(yu)海內外(wai),已(yi)有(you)數百(bai)年(nian)歷(li)史。增(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)民(min)間(jian)千百(bai)年(nian)來,還流傳(chuan)著不(bu)(bu)少(shao)有(you)關增(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)美(mei)(mei)好(hao)傳(chuan)說。相(xiang)傳(chuan)八仙(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)何(he)仙(xian)姑是(shi)(shi)增(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)小(xiao)樓仙(xian)桂村(cun)人。何(he)仙(xian)姑15歲時(shi)得仙(xian)人點化,食鳳凰山云母片學(xue)會飛身法術。16歲時(shi)因(yin)父母將她(ta)許婚別(bie)人,何(he)仙(xian)姑不(bu)(bu)同意(yi),在(zai)(zai)婚禮前夕乘人不(bu)(bu)覺,飛身至(zhi)羅浮山得道(dao)成(cheng)仙(xian)。后因(yin)不(bu)(bu)忘家鄉令人陶醉的(de)(de)荔(li)枝(zhi)佳果(guo)(guo),常(chang)常(chang)回(hui)鄉漫(man)步荔(li)枝(zhi)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)。一(yi)天,何(he)仙(xian)姑留戀西(xi)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)荔(li)枝(zhi)美(mei)(mei)景,坐(zuo)在(zai)(zai)樹枝(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)編(bian)織腰帶,離開時(shi)把一(yi)條綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色絲(si)線遺(yi)留樹上(shang)(shang)(shang),綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)絲(si)飄繞在(zai)(zai)荔(li)枝(zhi)果(guo)(guo)上(shang)(shang)(shang),于是(shi)(shi)荔(li)枝(zhi)果(guo)(guo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)都(dou)有(you)一(yi)道(dao)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)線,人們就給(gei)它取名(ming)“掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)”,可(ke)見“掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)”之神奇和名(ming)貴,帶有(you)不(bu)(bu)凡的(de)(de)“仙(xian)氣”。八仙(xian)故事源遠(yuan)流長,深受民(min)間(jian)喜傳(chuan)樂頌(song)。何(he)仙(xian)姑與掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)傳(chuan)說被列入省(sheng)級(ji)非物質文化遺(yi)產。
【文化積淀】
明(ming)末清初(chu)屈大(da)(da)均(jun)《廣州荔(li)枝詞》詠(yong)(yong)到:“端(duan)陽是處子離(li)離(li),火齊(qi)如(ru)山入市(shi)時(shi)。一樹增(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)名(ming)(ming)掛(gua)綠(lv),冰(bing)融(rong)雪沃少人知。”清朝初(chu)期詩(shi)(shi)(shi)人陳恭尹,與(yu)屈大(da)(da)均(jun)、梁佩蘭稱(cheng)“嶺南三大(da)(da)家”,他寫詩(shi)(shi)(shi)稱(cheng)贊(zan)增(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)掛(gua)綠(lv),“年年相約荔(li)枝紅(hong),揮扇高談幾老翁。掛(gua)綠(lv)凝冰(bing)知在念(nian),未堪郵寄海船風。”清朝詩(shi)(shi)(shi)人梁梅詩(shi)(shi)(shi)云:“增(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)掛(gua)綠(lv)聞名(ming)(ming)久,鳳尾龍頭冠粵中,笑我(wo)按圖空索驥,四分微(wei)綠(lv)六分紅(hong)。”清詩(shi)(shi)(shi)人李鳳修詠(yong)(yong)到:“南州荔(li)枝無處無,增(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)掛(gua)綠(lv)貴(gui)如(ru)珠(zhu)。兼金欲購不易得,五(wu)月尚(shang)未登(deng)盤(pan)盂。”足見其珍貴(gui)程度(du),被稱(cheng)為“荔(li)枝之(zhi)王”。屈大(da)(da)均(jun)在《廣東新語》所(suo)說:“掛(gua)綠(lv)爽(shuang)脆如(ru)梨(li),漿液不見,去殼懷之(zhi),三日不變。”