【質量特色】
果(guo)近(jin)卵圓(yuan)形或近(jin)圓(yuan)形,果(guo)皮暗(an)紅帶綠色,裂紋及縫合線均明顯,果(guo)肉乳白色,肉質特別爽脆,清甜帶特殊香味。
【地標地理】
增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)市位(wei)于(yu)廣東(dong)省中部、珠江三(san)(san)角洲東(dong)北(bei)角,北(bei)回歸線(xian)通過本區域(yu)北(bei)部,屬(shu)亞(ya)(ya)熱帶(dai)季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候,日照(zhao)(zhao)長、氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)高、雨(yu)(yu)量充沛、四季(ji)常青,既有(you)熱帶(dai)特(te)征,又有(you)亞(ya)(ya)熱帶(dai)特(te)色。雨(yu)(yu)量充沛,河流(liu)(liu)眾多(duo)(duo),水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)比較豐富(fu)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量1856毫米(mi),其中:地表(biao)水(shui)(shui)多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)量1099.9毫米(mi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)量19.15億(yi)(yi)立(li)方米(mi)。主要河流(liu)(liu)——增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)江、東(dong)江、西福河多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)過境客水(shui)(shui)179.5億(yi)(yi)立(li)方米(mi),主客水(shui)(shui)合(he)計為198.65億(yi)(yi)立(li)方米(mi),特(te)別適合(he)于(yu)種植水(shui)(shui)稻。“炎熱多(duo)(duo)雨(yu)(yu),長夏無冬(dong)(dong)”是(shi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)市的氣(qi)(qi)候特(te)征。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為21.8℃。春季(ji),由于(yu)受(shou)(shou)冷暖空氣(qi)(qi)交替影(ying)響,天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)變,陰(yin)雨(yu)(yu)多(duo)(duo),陽(yang)光少,空氣(qi)(qi)潮(chao)濕,氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)在 12.7℃-21.7℃之間(jian)。夏季(ji),熱帶(dai)海洋風(feng)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)強,天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)常受(shou)(shou)副熱帶(dai)高壓控制,空氣(qi)(qi)悶熱,極(ji)端高溫(wen)為38.2℃,平均(jun)(jun)為27℃。4-6月(yue)多(duo)(duo)季(ji)風(feng)雨(yu)(yu)、占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量46.7%。7-9月(yue)多(duo)(duo)臺風(feng)雨(yu)(yu),占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量36.27%。冬(dong)(dong)季(ji),受(shou)(shou)北(bei)方干冷空氣(qi)(qi)影(ying)響,氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)下降(jiang),1月(yue)平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為 12.l℃。 12月(yue)至(zhi)1月(yue),常有(you)寒潮(chao)侵襲,偶有(you)霜天(tian)(tian),極(ji)端低(di)溫(wen)-1.9℃。日照(zhao)(zhao)長, 日照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)數1976小時(shi),水(shui)(shui)稻安全(quan)生長期(qi)(qi)263天(tian)(tian),無霜期(qi)(qi)355—360天(tian)(tian),作(zuo)物(wu)可一年(nian)(nian)(nian)三(san)(san)熟,按照(zhao)(zhao)氣(qi)(qi)候學低(di)于(yu)10℃為冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)的劃分標準(zhun),增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)沒有(you)真正的冬(dong)(dong)季(ji),但(dan)人們仍將天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)較涼的11月(yue)至(zhi)1月(yue)稱為冬(dong)(dong)天(tian)(tian)。
【文化背景】
增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)是荔(li)枝(zhi)中的(de)(de)珍(zhen)稀果品,清初康(kang)熙八(ba)年(nian)(1669)始見(jian)于(yu)文(wen)獻(xian)記載,產于(yu)增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)新塘(tang)四(si)(si)望(wang)(wang)崗。乾隆(long)《增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)縣志》載:“四(si)(si)望(wang)(wang)崗,邑治(zhi)南八(ba)十(shi)里(li),在甘泉都(dou)沙貝村東崗上(shang)植(zhi)荔(li)子十(shi)數(shu)本,名(ming)曰掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),遷其(qi)(qi)地(di)弗(fu)良。”其(qi)(qi)后(hou)雖散(san)布于(yu)縣內(nei)外各地(di),但在道(dao)光年(nian)間,掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)荔(li)枝(zhi)已少見(jian)。崔弼《珍(zhen)帚編》詩:“廣州荔(li)枝(zhi),以掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為上(shang)。增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)大墩、沙貝諸村,所在多有。花時(shi),長吏使標志之。歲(sui)畏其(qi)(qi)擾,斧(fu)之無遺類矣。” 四(si)(si)望(wang)(wang)崗掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)因而絕(jue)跡至(zhi)(zhi)宣(xuan)統時(shi),以縣城(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)園一(yi)株馳名(ming)。宣(xuan)統《增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)縣志》載:“案:掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)一(yi)種,近以縣城(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)門外西(xi)園一(yi)株最為名(ming)貴,價值十(shi)余倍(bei)于(yu)其(qi)(qi)他。”至(zhi)(zhi)今,西(xi)園掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)飲譽海(hai)內(nei)外,已有數(shu)百年(nian)歷史。增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)民間千百年(nian)來,還流(liu)傳著不(bu)(bu)少有關增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)美好傳說。相傳八(ba)仙中的(de)(de)何(he)仙姑是增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)小樓仙桂村人。何(he)仙姑15歲(sui)時(shi)得仙人點化(hua),食鳳凰山云母片學會(hui)飛身(shen)法術。16歲(sui)時(shi)因父母將她許婚別人,何(he)仙姑不(bu)(bu)同意(yi),在婚禮前夕乘人不(bu)(bu)覺,飛身(shen)至(zhi)(zhi)羅浮山得道(dao)成仙。后(hou)因不(bu)(bu)忘家鄉(xiang)令人陶醉(zui)的(de)(de)荔(li)枝(zhi)佳果,常(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)回鄉(xiang)漫步(bu)荔(li)枝(zhi)園中。一(yi)天,何(he)仙姑留戀西(xi)園荔(li)枝(zhi)美景,坐(zuo)在樹(shu)枝(zhi)上(shang)編織腰(yao)帶(dai),離開時(shi)把一(yi)條綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色絲線(xian)遺留樹(shu)上(shang),綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)絲飄繞在荔(li)枝(zhi)果上(shang),于(yu)是荔(li)枝(zhi)果上(shang)都(dou)有一(yi)道(dao)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)線(xian),人們就給它取(qu)名(ming)“掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)”,可見(jian)“掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)”之神(shen)奇和名(ming)貴,帶(dai)有不(bu)(bu)凡的(de)(de)“仙氣”。八(ba)仙故事源遠流(liu)長,深受民間喜傳樂頌。何(he)仙姑與掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)傳說被列入省級非物質文(wen)化(hua)遺產。
【文化積淀】
明末清(qing)初屈(qu)大均《廣州荔(li)枝詞》詠到(dao):“端(duan)陽(yang)是處子(zi)離離,火齊如山入(ru)市時。一樹增(zeng)(zeng)城名(ming)掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv),冰融雪沃少人知(zhi)。”清(qing)朝(chao)初期(qi)詩(shi)人陳恭(gong)尹,與(yu)屈(qu)大均、梁佩蘭(lan)稱“嶺南三大家(jia)”,他寫詩(shi)稱贊增(zeng)(zeng)城掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv),“年(nian)年(nian)相(xiang)約荔(li)枝紅,揮扇高談幾(ji)老翁。掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)凝冰知(zhi)在(zai)念(nian),未堪郵寄(ji)海船風(feng)。”清(qing)朝(chao)詩(shi)人梁梅詩(shi)云:“增(zeng)(zeng)城掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)聞名(ming)久,鳳尾龍頭冠粵中,笑我按圖空索驥,四分微綠(lv)六分紅。”清(qing)詩(shi)人李鳳修(xiu)詠到(dao):“南州荔(li)枝無(wu)處無(wu),增(zeng)(zeng)城掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)貴如珠。兼金欲購不(bu)(bu)易得,五月(yue)尚未登(deng)盤盂。”足見其珍(zhen)貴程(cheng)度(du),被稱為“荔(li)枝之王”。屈(qu)大均在(zai)《廣東新語》所說(shuo):“掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)爽脆(cui)如梨,漿(jiang)液不(bu)(bu)見,去殼懷之,三日不(bu)(bu)變。”