【質量特色】
果(guo)(guo)近卵圓形或近圓形,果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)暗紅(hong)帶(dai)(dai)綠色(se),裂紋及縫合線均明顯(xian),果(guo)(guo)肉乳白色(se),肉質特別爽脆,清甜帶(dai)(dai)特殊香味。
【地標地理】
增城市(shi)位于廣東(dong)省中部、珠江(jiang)(jiang)三角洲東(dong)北角,北回歸線通過(guo)本(ben)區域北部,屬亞熱(re)帶(dai)季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou),日照長(chang)(chang)、氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)高、雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)充沛、四(si)季(ji)常(chang)青(qing),既有(you)(you)熱(re)帶(dai)特(te)征(zheng)(zheng),又有(you)(you)亞熱(re)帶(dai)特(te)色。雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)充沛,河(he)(he)流(liu)眾多(duo)(duo)(duo),水(shui)資源比(bi)較(jiao)豐富。年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)1856毫(hao)米(mi),其中:地表水(shui)多(duo)(duo)(duo)年徑流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)1099.9毫(hao)米(mi),年徑流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)19.15億立方(fang)米(mi)。主要(yao)河(he)(he)流(liu)——增江(jiang)(jiang)、東(dong)江(jiang)(jiang)、西福河(he)(he)多(duo)(duo)(duo)年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均過(guo)境客水(shui)179.5億立方(fang)米(mi),主客水(shui)合(he)計為(wei)198.65億立方(fang)米(mi),特(te)別適合(he)于種植水(shui)稻。“炎熱(re)多(duo)(duo)(duo)雨(yu),長(chang)(chang)夏(xia)無冬(dong)”是增城市(shi)的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特(te)征(zheng)(zheng)。年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)21.8℃。春季(ji),由于受(shou)(shou)冷暖空氣(qi)(qi)交(jiao)替影響,天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)變,陰雨(yu)多(duo)(duo)(duo),陽(yang)光少,空氣(qi)(qi)潮濕,氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)在 12.7℃-21.7℃之(zhi)間(jian)。夏(xia)季(ji),熱(re)帶(dai)海洋風(feng)增強,天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)常(chang)受(shou)(shou)副熱(re)帶(dai)高壓控制,空氣(qi)(qi)悶(men)熱(re),極(ji)端(duan)高溫(wen)為(wei)38.2℃,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均為(wei)27℃。4-6月(yue)(yue)多(duo)(duo)(duo)季(ji)風(feng)雨(yu)、占全(quan)(quan)年降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)46.7%。7-9月(yue)(yue)多(duo)(duo)(duo)臺風(feng)雨(yu),占全(quan)(quan)年降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)36.27%。冬(dong)季(ji),受(shou)(shou)北方(fang)干冷空氣(qi)(qi)影響,氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)下降(jiang)(jiang),1月(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為(wei) 12.l℃。 12月(yue)(yue)至1月(yue)(yue),常(chang)有(you)(you)寒潮侵襲,偶有(you)(you)霜(shuang)天(tian)(tian),極(ji)端(duan)低溫(wen)-1.9℃。日照長(chang)(chang), 日照時數1976小時,水(shui)稻安(an)全(quan)(quan)生長(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)263天(tian)(tian),無霜(shuang)期(qi)(qi)355—360天(tian)(tian),作物可一年三熟,按(an)照氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)學低于10℃為(wei)冬(dong)季(ji)的(de)(de)劃分標準,增城沒有(you)(you)真正的(de)(de)冬(dong)季(ji),但人們仍將天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)較(jiao)涼的(de)(de)11月(yue)(yue)至1月(yue)(yue)稱為(wei)冬(dong)天(tian)(tian)。
【文化背景】
增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)是(shi)荔枝(zhi)中的(de)珍稀果品(pin),清初康(kang)熙八年(1669)始見(jian)于(yu)文獻記(ji)載,產(chan)于(yu)增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)新塘四望(wang)崗(gang)。乾(qian)隆《增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)縣志》載:“四望(wang)崗(gang),邑治南八十里,在甘泉都(dou)沙貝(bei)村(cun)東崗(gang)上植(zhi)荔子十數(shu)本,名(ming)曰(yue)掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),遷其(qi)(qi)地(di)弗良。”其(qi)(qi)后雖散布于(yu)縣內外各地(di),但(dan)在道光(guang)年間,掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)荔枝(zhi)已少見(jian)。崔弼《珍帚(zhou)編》詩(shi):“廣州荔枝(zhi),以(yi)掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為上。增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)大墩、沙貝(bei)諸村(cun),所在多有。花時,長吏使標志之(zhi)。歲(sui)(sui)畏其(qi)(qi)擾,斧(fu)之(zhi)無(wu)遺類(lei)矣(yi)。” 四望(wang)崗(gang)掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)因而絕跡至(zhi)宣(xuan)統時,以(yi)縣城(cheng)西(xi)園(yuan)一株馳名(ming)。宣(xuan)統《增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)縣志》載:“案:掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)一種,近以(yi)縣城(cheng)西(xi)門外西(xi)園(yuan)一株最為名(ming)貴(gui),價值(zhi)十余倍于(yu)其(qi)(qi)他。”至(zhi)今,西(xi)園(yuan)掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)飲(yin)譽海內外,已有數(shu)百年歷(li)史。增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)民(min)間千百年來,還(huan)流傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)著(zhu)不(bu)(bu)少有關增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)美好傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說。相傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)八仙(xian)(xian)中的(de)何仙(xian)(xian)姑是(shi)增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)小樓仙(xian)(xian)桂(gui)村(cun)人。何仙(xian)(xian)姑15歲(sui)(sui)時得仙(xian)(xian)人點化,食(shi)鳳凰山云母片學會飛(fei)身(shen)法術。16歲(sui)(sui)時因父母將她許婚(hun)別人,何仙(xian)(xian)姑不(bu)(bu)同意,在婚(hun)禮前夕(xi)乘人不(bu)(bu)覺,飛(fei)身(shen)至(zhi)羅浮山得道成仙(xian)(xian)。后因不(bu)(bu)忘家鄉令人陶醉的(de)荔枝(zhi)佳果,常常回鄉漫步荔枝(zhi)園(yuan)中。一天,何仙(xian)(xian)姑留戀西(xi)園(yuan)荔枝(zhi)美景,坐(zuo)在樹(shu)枝(zhi)上編織腰(yao)帶(dai),離開時把(ba)一條綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色絲(si)線遺留樹(shu)上,綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)絲(si)飄繞在荔枝(zhi)果上,于(yu)是(shi)荔枝(zhi)果上都(dou)有一道綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)線,人們就給它取名(ming)“掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)”,可(ke)見(jian)“掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)”之(zhi)神奇和(he)名(ming)貴(gui),帶(dai)有不(bu)(bu)凡的(de)“仙(xian)(xian)氣”。八仙(xian)(xian)故事(shi)源遠流長,深受民(min)間喜傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)樂頌。何仙(xian)(xian)姑與掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說被列入省級非物質(zhi)文化遺產(chan)。
【文化積淀】
明(ming)末(mo)清初(chu)屈(qu)(qu)大(da)均《廣州荔枝(zhi)(zhi)詞》詠(yong)(yong)到:“端陽是處(chu)子離離,火(huo)齊如(ru)山(shan)入(ru)市(shi)時。一樹(shu)增城名掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv),冰融雪沃少人(ren)知。”清朝初(chu)期詩人(ren)陳恭尹,與屈(qu)(qu)大(da)均、梁(liang)佩蘭稱(cheng)“嶺南三(san)大(da)家”,他寫詩稱(cheng)贊增城掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv),“年(nian)年(nian)相約荔枝(zhi)(zhi)紅,揮扇(shan)高(gao)談幾老翁。掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)凝冰知在念,未堪郵(you)寄海(hai)船風。”清朝詩人(ren)梁(liang)梅詩云:“增城掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)聞名久,鳳(feng)尾龍(long)頭冠粵中,笑我按(an)圖空索驥(ji),四分(fen)微綠(lv)(lv)(lv)六分(fen)紅。”清詩人(ren)李鳳(feng)修詠(yong)(yong)到:“南州荔枝(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)處(chu)無(wu),增城掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)貴如(ru)珠。兼金欲購不易(yi)得,五月(yue)尚(shang)未登盤(pan)盂(yu)。”足見(jian)其珍貴程度(du),被稱(cheng)為“荔枝(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)王”。屈(qu)(qu)大(da)均在《廣東(dong)新語》所說:“掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)爽脆如(ru)梨,漿液不見(jian),去殼懷之(zhi),三(san)日不變。”