《鳳還巢(chao)》為梅(mei)蘭芳根據清(qing)宮藏(zang)本(ben)《循環序》改編的京(jing)劇(ju),原(yuan)名《陰陽樹》,又名《丑(chou)配》,于(yu)1929年在北(bei)京(jing)首演(yan)。此劇(ju)情節巧妙(miao),行當齊(qi)全,與清(qing)代傳(chuan)奇劇(ju)本(ben)《風(feng)箏誤》有異曲同工之妙(miao)。雪娥的幾大(da)段(duan)唱腔(qiang)華麗(li)別致、明(ming)快(kuai)跌宕、如訴如歌,是梅(mei)派唱腔(qiang)中(zhong)廣為流傳(chuan)的著名唱段(duan)。
明朝末年(nian),侍郎程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)浦(pu)告老(lao)還鄉。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)浦(pu)生(sheng)(sheng)有(you)二(er)女(nv):大女(nv)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)雪(xue)(xue)雁為(wei)(wei)(wei)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)所生(sheng)(sheng),貌奇(qi)丑且行為(wei)(wei)(wei)舉(ju)止(zhi)粗魯;次女(nv)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)雪(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)(e)為(wei)(wei)(wei)側室所生(sheng)(sheng),美貌聰明,程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)愛之(zhi)如(ru)掌上(shang)明珠。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)浦(pu)與(yu)宗皇朱渙然(ran)(ran)游(you)春(chun),遇故友之(zhi)子(zi)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)居易(yi)。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)喜(xi)(xi)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)居易(yi)翩翩少年(nian),認為(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)前(qian)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)看好,欲與(yu)雪(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)(e)擇婿,夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)卻(que)欲將(jiang)雪(xue)(xue)雁許穆(mu)(mu)(mu)。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壽辰,穆(mu)(mu)(mu)來拜,留宿于書(shu)館。入(ru)夜(ye),夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)命己(ji)女(nv)雪(xue)(xue)雁冒(mao)雪(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)(e)之(zhi)名去書(shu)館會穆(mu)(mu)(mu)。穆(mu)(mu)(mu)見其(qi)貌丑無比,誤(wu)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)騙(pian)婚(hun),連夜(ye)逃去,途中遇到(dao)朱渙然(ran)(ran),朱贈(zeng)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)銀(yin)馬助其(qi)逃跑。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)正憂穆(mu)(mu)(mu)生(sheng)(sheng)去向不(bu)(bu)明,適逢(feng)朝廷起(qi)用,只好奉旨(zhi)離家出(chu)征。而垂涎雪(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)(e)已久的(de)皇族朱煥然(ran)(ran),得知(zhi)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)逃程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)去,乘機冒(mao)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)名來程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)家迎娶雪(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)(e)。夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)信以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)真(zhen),即以(yi)雪(xue)(xue)雁代嫁。洞房中,兩人(ren)(ren)(ren)發(fa)現(xian)全是冒(mao)名頂替,雖(sui)后悔莫及,卻(que)有(you)苦難言,只能將(jiang)錯就(jiu)錯。這時,地(di)方強盜作(zuo)亂,夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)去朱家避難,雪(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)(e)因朱行為(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)端不(bu)(bu)肯隨(sui)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)前(qian)往。不(bu)(bu)久,程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)浦(pu)平定(ding)賊寇(kou),接雪(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)(e)至軍中。穆(mu)(mu)(mu)也從軍在此。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)又重提婚(hun)姻,穆(mu)(mu)(mu)堅決(jue)拒婚(hun):元帥(shuai)洪功及周監軍強給(gei)主婚(hun),穆(mu)(mu)(mu)不(bu)(bu)得已說明程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)女(nv)夤夜(ye)私入(ru)書(shu)館等情。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)知(zhi)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)誤(wu)會,堅持完(wan)婚(hun)。洞房中,穆(mu)(mu)(mu)見雪(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)(e)貌美,確非(fei)私入(ru)書(shu)房之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),不(bu)(bu)由(you)大喜(xi)(xi)。雪(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)(e)卻(que)因穆(mu)(mu)(mu)拒婚(hun),委屈非(fei)常,在穆(mu)(mu)(mu)一(yi)再(zai)謝罪之(zhi)下,才轉(zhuan)悲為(wei)(wei)(wei)喜(xi)(xi),終諧(xie)伉(kang)儷。朱渙然(ran)(ran)被劫,攜(xie)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)妻、雪(xue)(xue)雁來投,最終一(yi)家團(tuan)聚。
2022年(nian)8月(yue),京劇《鳳(feng)還巢》參(can)加2022年(nian)戲曲百戲(昆山)盛典全國戲曲領(ling)軍人(ren)才優秀劇目(mu)展(zhan)演。
2019年10月2日,由(you)文化(hua)和旅游部、北京市人(ren)民政府主辦的(de)2019中國戲(xi)曲文化(hua)周(zhou)2日在北京園(yuan)博園(yuan)開幕。梅派(pai)《鳳還巢》得到演出。
2021年12月14、15日(ri),上海京劇院的(de)《鳳(feng)還巢》將(jiang)在湖南大(da)劇院演出。