《鳳還巢》為(wei)(wei)梅蘭(lan)芳(fang)根據清宮(gong)藏(zang)本《循環序》改編(bian)的京(jing)劇(ju),原(yuan)名《陰陽樹》,又名《丑配》,于1929年(nian)在北京(jing)首演。此劇(ju)情節巧(qiao)妙,行當齊全(quan),與清代傳奇劇(ju)本《風(feng)箏(zheng)誤》有異曲同工之妙。雪娥的幾(ji)大段(duan)唱腔華麗別(bie)致(zhi)、明快跌(die)宕、如(ru)訴如(ru)歌(ge),是梅派唱腔中廣為(wei)(wei)流傳的著名唱段(duan)。
明(ming)朝末(mo)年(nian)(nian),侍(shi)郎程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)浦告老還(huan)鄉。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)浦生(sheng)有二女(nv):大女(nv)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)雪(xue)(xue)雁(yan)(yan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)夫(fu)人所生(sheng),貌(mao)奇丑(chou)且行為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)舉止粗魯;次女(nv)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)雪(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)側室(shi)所生(sheng),美貌(mao)聰明(ming),程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)愛之(zhi)(zhi)如掌(zhang)上明(ming)珠。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)浦與(yu)宗皇朱(zhu)(zhu)渙(huan)然(ran)游春,遇故友之(zhi)(zhi)子穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)居(ju)易。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)喜穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)居(ju)易翩翩少年(nian)(nian),認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)前程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)看好(hao),欲(yu)與(yu)雪(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)擇婿,夫(fu)人卻(que)(que)欲(yu)將(jiang)雪(xue)(xue)雁(yan)(yan)許(xu)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壽辰,穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)來拜,留宿于書(shu)館(guan)。入夜(ye),夫(fu)人命己(ji)女(nv)雪(xue)(xue)雁(yan)(yan)冒(mao)雪(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)去(qu)(qu)書(shu)館(guan)會穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)見其(qi)貌(mao)丑(chou)無比,誤(wu)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)騙婚(hun)(hun),連(lian)夜(ye)逃(tao)去(qu)(qu),途中(zhong)(zhong)遇到朱(zhu)(zhu)渙(huan)然(ran),朱(zhu)(zhu)贈穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)銀馬助其(qi)逃(tao)跑。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)正(zheng)憂穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)生(sheng)去(qu)(qu)向不(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming),適逢(feng)朝廷起用(yong),只好(hao)奉旨離(li)家(jia)出征。而垂涎雪(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)已(yi)久的皇族朱(zhu)(zhu)煥然(ran),得(de)知(zhi)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)逃(tao)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)去(qu)(qu),乘機冒(mao)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)名(ming)來程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)家(jia)迎(ying)娶雪(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)。夫(fu)人信以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)真(zhen),即以(yi)雪(xue)(xue)雁(yan)(yan)代(dai)嫁。洞房中(zhong)(zhong),兩(liang)人發現全是冒(mao)名(ming)頂替,雖后悔莫及(ji),卻(que)(que)有苦難言,只能將(jiang)錯就錯。這時,地(di)方強盜作亂,夫(fu)人去(qu)(qu)朱(zhu)(zhu)家(jia)避難,雪(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)因朱(zhu)(zhu)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)端不(bu)(bu)(bu)肯隨夫(fu)人前往。不(bu)(bu)(bu)久,程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)浦平定(ding)賊寇,接雪(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)至軍(jun)中(zhong)(zhong)。穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)也從軍(jun)在此(ci)。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)又重提婚(hun)(hun)姻,穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)堅(jian)決拒婚(hun)(hun):元(yuan)帥洪(hong)功及(ji)周監(jian)軍(jun)強給主(zhu)婚(hun)(hun),穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)已(yi)說明(ming)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)女(nv)夤夜(ye)私入書(shu)館(guan)等情。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)知(zhi)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)誤(wu)會,堅(jian)持(chi)完婚(hun)(hun)。洞房中(zhong)(zhong),穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)見雪(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)貌(mao)美,確非(fei)私入書(shu)房之(zhi)(zhi)人,不(bu)(bu)(bu)由大喜。雪(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)卻(que)(que)因穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)拒婚(hun)(hun),委(wei)屈非(fei)常(chang),在穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)一再謝罪之(zhi)(zhi)下,才(cai)轉悲為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)喜,終(zhong)諧伉儷。朱(zhu)(zhu)渙(huan)然(ran)被劫,攜(xie)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)妻、雪(xue)(xue)雁(yan)(yan)來投(tou),最(zui)終(zhong)一家(jia)團聚。
2022年(nian)8月,京劇(ju)《鳳(feng)還巢》參(can)加2022年(nian)戲曲百戲(昆山)盛典全國戲曲領軍人才優秀劇(ju)目展演。
2019年(nian)10月2日(ri),由文(wen)化和(he)旅游部、北京(jing)(jing)市人民政府主辦的2019中國(guo)戲曲文(wen)化周2日(ri)在北京(jing)(jing)園(yuan)博園(yuan)開幕。梅派《鳳還巢(chao)》得到(dao)演出。
2021年12月14、15日,上海(hai)京劇院(yuan)的《鳳還(huan)巢》將在湖南大(da)劇院(yuan)演出。