一.產品介紹
大(da)(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)紫(zi)(zi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)分布海(hai)(hai)(hai)域自(zi)然(ran)生長有(you)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)帶、裙(qun)帶菜等(deng)海(hai)(hai)(hai)藻類,可為(wei)(wei)(wei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)提(ti)供(gong)充(chong)足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食物來源(yuan)(yuan)。海(hai)(hai)(hai)水溫度和(he)鹽度適(shi)宜(yi)(yi),保證了海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品質。海(hai)(hai)(hai)域水深和(he)底質適(shi)宜(yi)(yi)、海(hai)(hai)(hai)水透(tou)明(ming)度高,為(wei)(wei)(wei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)提(ti)供(gong)了優(you)越的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生態環境(jing)。優(you)越的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)條件不僅(jin)促(cu)成了大(da)(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)紫(zi)(zi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨(du)特品質,也促(cu)進了大(da)(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)紫(zi)(zi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)增養殖產(chan)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)發(fa)展。大(da)(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)紫(zi)(zi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)是一種(zhong)具有(you)很高食用和(he)藥(yao)(yao)用價值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)生物,為(wei)(wei)(wei)上等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)鮮(xian)(xian)美味,可以(yi)(yi)生食,也可以(yi)(yi)加工(gong)成冰鮮(xian)(xian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)、酒精(jing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)和(he)海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)醬等(deng);而(er)且還是名貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養滋補品和(he)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)。我國很早就有(you)有(you)關海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)藥(yao)(yao)用價值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載(zai),《本草原始》記(ji)載(zai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)有(you)“治(zhi)心痛”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功效,近代(dai)中(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)學(xue)認為(wei)(wei)(wei):海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)味咸(xian)平,有(you)軟堅(jian)散結、化(hua)痰消腫(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功用。海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)殼(ke)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)名“海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)”,可治(zhi)療胃及十二(er)指腸潰瘍、中(zhong)耳炎等(deng)。此外(wai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)殼(ke)還可制成工(gong)藝品。大(da)(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)目(mu)前是國內大(da)(da)(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)紫(zi)(zi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)產(chan)區之一,產(chan)量可占至全國同(tong)類產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)90%以(yi)(yi)上。
二.自然生態環境(jing)和人文歷史(shi)因素
大(da)連(lian)地處中國東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)遼東(dong)(dong)(dong)半島最(zui)南端,海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)產資源十分豐富,是聞名全國的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)產重點(dian)市,全市擁有海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)域(yu)23.6萬公(gong)頃, 海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)度(du)12.1℃,最(zui)高25℃,最(zui)低1℃。大(da)連(lian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)域(yu)潮差1.5-2米(mi)(最(zui)大(da)4米(mi)至4.5米(mi))。鹽度(du)垂直分布一致(zhi),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)30—32‰,酸(suan)堿(jian)度(du)7.9-8.3,東(dong)(dong)(dong)瀕(bin)黃(huang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai),西臨渤海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai),南與山東(dong)(dong)(dong)半島隔海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)相望,北(bei)依遼闊的(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原。具(ju)有海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋性特點(dian)的(de)(de)暖溫(wen)帶(dai)大(da)陸性季(ji)風氣(qi)候,冬無嚴寒,夏(xia)無酷暑,四季(ji)分明(ming)。年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)10.5℃, 海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)度(du)12.1℃,最(zui)高28℃,最(zui)低1℃。 年降水量550—950mm,全年日照總時數為2500--2800小時。大(da)連(lian)受黃(huang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)暖流影(ying)響(xiang)冬天(tian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)水不(bu)結冰。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)域(yu)水深適宜,底質平(ping)(ping)(ping)坦并(bing)以礫石沙泥為主(zhu),同(tong)時大(da)連(lian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)域(yu)也幾乎(hu)不(bu)受到(dao)臺(tai)風的(de)(de)侵擾,臺(tai)風主(zhu)要(yao)影(ying)響(xiang)我(wo)國東(dong)(dong)(dong)南部與日本(ben)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)地區(qu),因此適宜大(da)面積開(kai)展紫(zi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)膽養殖業。
三.地域范圍
大(da)連紫(zi)海膽主要分(fen)布于遼寧(ning)省大(da)連市行(xing)政區內的6個區、3個縣級市和(he)1個縣。包括:中山區、西(xi)崗區、沙河口區、甘(gan)井子區、金州(zhou)區、旅順口區、普蘭店(dian)市、瓦房店(dian)市、莊(zhuang)河市和(he)長海縣。地理坐標為(wei)東(dong)經120°58'~123°31',北緯(wei)38°43'~40°12'。大(da)連紫(zi)海膽生(sheng)產(chan)總面積(ji)約22.4萬公(gong)頃。
四(si).產品品質特(te)性特(te)征(zheng)
(1)外在特征: ①其體呈球形,直徑一般6-8㎝,高3-5㎝; ②大棘堅硬(ying)端尖(jian),棘黑(hei)紫色(se),表面(mian)帶有極細密的縱(zong)刻痕; ③管足的色(se)澤為紫色(se)或紫褐(he)色(se); ④口面(mian)平坦,反(fan)口面(mian)比較隆起,頂部(bu)(bu)圓弧(hu)形; ⑤赤道(dao)部(bu)(bu)附近的每片(pian)步(bu)帶板上生(sheng)有大疣1個,中疣2-4個、小疣若(ruo)干; ⑥內(nei)部(bu)(bu)生(sheng)殖(zhi)腺(xian)排(pai)列(lie)似五角星狀,顆粒分明,顏色(se)橙黃,似小黃米。
(2)內在品(pin)質指標:大連(lian)紫海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)有著極高(gao)的(de)營養價值(zhi),被視為海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋之珍品(pin)。紫海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)的(de)骨殼(ke)、棘刺和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖腺等(deng)(deng)部(bu)位都(dou)有良好的(de)藥(yao)用價值(zhi),可(ke)以(yi)(yi)用于治療潰瘍(yang)病和(he)(he)甲溝(gou)炎(yan)等(deng)(deng)。紫海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)的(de)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)力很強,身(shen)上的(de)棘刺和(he)(he)外(wai)部(bu)器官一旦損傷(shang)(shang)脫斷,很快(kuai)便(bian)能(neng)(neng)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),就(jiu)連(lian)外(wai)殼(ke)的(de)裂痕和(he)(he)傷(shang)(shang)口也會自(zi)動愈合(he)。紫海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)的(de)食用部(bu)分(fen)為其生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖腺,俗稱海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)黃(huang),海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)黃(huang)中不(bu)但含(han)有人體不(bu)能(neng)(neng)合(he)成(cheng)的(de)八種必(bi)(bi)需氨(an)基酸,如賴氨(an)酸、蛋氨(an)酸、色氨(an)酸等(deng)(deng);多(duo)種不(bu)飽(bao)和(he)(he)脂肪酸,如DHA、EPA、AA等(deng)(deng);維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)A、維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)B族(zu)、維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)C、維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)E等(deng)(deng)多(duo)種維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su);同(tong)時它還(huan)含(han)有磷、碘(dian)、硒、鐵、鋅、鎂、鈣等(deng)(deng)一些人體必(bi)(bi)需的(de)微量元素(su)。而且還(huan)含(han)有多(duo)種生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物活性成(cheng)分(fen),是預防心(xin)血管病等(deng)(deng)疾病的(de)有效藥(yao)物。從中可(ke)提取“波(bo)乃利寧(ning)”具(ju)有抑制癌細(xi)胞生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)作用。海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)黃(huang)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)炒食,亦可(ke)與雞蛋、肉(rou)類同(tong)炒。海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)還(huan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)加工(gong)成(cheng)鹽漬海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)和(he)(he)海(hai)(hai)(hai)膽(dan)醬,為上等(deng)(deng)滋補(bu)品(pin)。
五.特定生(sheng)產方式
(1)溫(wen)度:紫海膽適合生長的(de)水溫(wen)是15-20度;海水平均溫(wen)度12.1℃,最高25℃,最低1℃。
(2)鹽度(du):大連紫海(hai)(hai)膽(dan)喜生活在巖礁及礫石底(di)質,分布(bu)水深(shen)大多(duo)為潮間帶至(zhi)(zhi)水深(shen)10-30米的淺(qian)海(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)域。適(shi)宜鹽度(du)為28~35,對高鹽耐受力(li)強; 大連海(hai)(hai)域潮差(cha)1.5米至(zhi)(zhi)2米(最大4米至(zhi)(zhi)4.5米)。鹽度(du)垂直(zhi)分布(bu)一致(zhi),平均30%至(zhi)(zhi)32‰,酸(suan)堿度(du)7.9至(zhi)(zhi)8.3。
(3)食(shi)物:大連紫海膽喜食(shi)褐(he)藻、綠藻。而大連海底巖石平滑,有著豐富的無污染優質(zhi)褐(he)藻、綠藻資源。
(4)水(shui)質:大(da)連紫海(hai)膽有群(qun)居(ju)習(xi)性,厭見光(guang),喜(xi)生活在水(shui)質清澈的地(di)區。大(da)連地(di)區地(di)處(chu)北(bei)半(ban)球,全年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)(ri)照時間并不長,全年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)(ri)照總(zong)時數為2500-2800小時;大(da)連三面環海(hai),地(di)處(chu)黃海(hai)冷(leng)水(shui)團邊緣,終年(nian)(nian)(nian)水(shui)質清澈,潮流湍急,沒(mei)有工業污染。
六(liu).包裝標識相(xiang)關規定
標(biao)志使用人應在其產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品或其包(bao)裝(zhuang)上(shang)(shang)統一使用水(shui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品地理(li)標(biao)志(大連紫海膽名稱和公共標(biao)識圖(tu)案組合標(biao)注(zhu)型(xing)式)。產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品內包(bao)裝(zhuang)上(shang)(shang)應標(biao)明:產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品名稱、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品等(deng)級、商標(biao)、條形碼、食(shi)用方法、貯存指(zhi)南、單位(wei)名稱、單位(wei)地址(zhi)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品標(biao)準(zhun)編號、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)日期(批號)、數量、毛(mao)重(kg)。包(bao)裝(zhuang)材料(liao)須整潔,符合衛生(sheng)要求,無破(po)損。運輸工具必須清(qing)潔,禁(jin)與有毒、有害或有腐蝕(shi)性的物品混運,溫(wen)度高于20℃時應有降溫(wen)措施。