寬甸(dian)石柱(zhu)人(ren)參(can)(can),遼寧省寬甸(dian)滿(man)族自治縣振江(jiang)鎮石柱(zhu)子村特產(chan),中國地理(li)標(biao)志產(chan)品。石柱(zhu)參(can)(can)也稱柱(zhu)參(can)(can),是(shi)中國人(ren)參(can)(can)中的(de)(de)(de)優(you)良(liang)品種,因產(chan)地而(er)得(de)名。該村位(wei)于(yu)鴨綠江(jiang)北岸(an),屬(shu)于(yu)長白山(shan)(shan)(shan)余脈,山(shan)(shan)(shan)多(duo)水多(duo)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)高(gao)林密、濕度較大,是(shi)盛產(chan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)參(can)(can)的(de)(de)(de)地方。石柱(zhu)參(can)(can)具有蘆長、體(ti)(ti)(ti)靈、皮(pi)老(lao)紋深(shen)(shen)、皮(pi)條須、須根(gen)上生(sheng)有較多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)珍(zhen)珠疙瘩,體(ti)(ti)(ti)形酷似野山(shan)(shan)(shan)參(can)(can)等(deng)優(you)點(dian)而(er)馳名中外(wai),體(ti)(ti)(ti)形千姿(zi)百態(tai),深(shen)(shen)受用(yong)(yong)戶歡迎。石柱(zhu)參(can)(can)藥性(xing)較強(qiang),栽(zai)培15年以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)石柱(zhu)參(can)(can)藥用(yong)(yong)價值近似山(shan)(shan)(shan)參(can)(can),人(ren)參(can)(can)總皂甙含量(liang)遠遠高(gao)于(yu)一般園參(can)(can)。
產地環境
石柱人參(can)產于遼寧(ning)省寬甸滿(man)族(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)(以(yi)下簡(jian)稱寬甸縣(xian))振(zhen)江鎮石柱子村境
內,地(di)理(li)坐標(biao)為東經125°21′~125°28′,北(bei)緯40°43′~40°50′,海拔(ba)350~810m。石柱子村(cun)位于(yu)寬甸(dian)縣東部(bu)丘陵(ling)區,屬(shu)長白山余脈,平均海拔(ba)500m,最(zui)高海拔(ba)800m,東部(bu)和(he)南(nan)部(bu)與(yu)鴨(ya)綠江(jiang)相鄰,東距鴨(ya)綠江(jiang)12.6km,南(nan)距鴨(ya)綠江(jiang)15.82km,與(yu)朝鮮人民民主主義共(gong)和(he)國隔江(jiang)相望,西(xi)部(bu)和(he)北(bei)部(bu)與(yu)內陸接(jie)壤。
土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)條件方面(mian),境內土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)屬棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu),pH 5.5~6.0,由花崗(gang)巖(yan)、片麻巖(yan)、混(hun)合巖(yan)等(deng)巖(yan)石(shi)風(feng)化而成,表層(ceng)顏色(se)(se)為(wei)(wei)暗棕色(se)(se)、棕灰(hui)色(se)(se),中層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)棕黃(huang)色(se)(se),下層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)黃(huang)白色(se)(se)。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)有機(ji)質含量為(wei)(wei)3.49%、微量元素主要含量有銅、鋅、鐵、錳、硼、鉬,表層(ceng)土(tu)速(su)效(xiao)磷含量平(ping)均為(wei)(wei)1.35mg/kg。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)上層(ceng)較(jiao)薄,一般(ban)20~30cm厚(hou),質地較(jiao)粗(cu),含有較(jiao)多的粗(cu)砂、礫石(shi)。
水分條件方面,石柱(zhu)子村(cun)東(dong)臨(lin)鴨綠江,水資源極(ji)為豐(feng)富(fu),石柱(zhu)子河和滾子溝河于村(cun)中心交(jiao)匯并貫穿全村(cun),河流(liu)總(zong)長6km。
氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)條件方(fang)面,石(shi)柱(zhu)子村屬溫(wen)帶濕(shi)潤(run)季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)區,四季分(fen)明,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和濕(shi)潤(run)。受季風影響,石(shi)柱(zhu)子村夏(xia)季高溫(wen)多(duo)(duo)雨,冬季寒(han)冷干燥,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)6.5℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)(shui)量為(wei)1 100mm,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)(zhao)時數為(wei)2 400小(xiao)時,陰霧天氣(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)達(da)150多(duo)(duo)天,無霜期135天。石(shi)柱(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)生(sheng)長季(5~8月)的(de)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)21℃,晝夜溫(wen)差較大,有利(li)于(yu)石(shi)柱(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)體(ti)內養(yang)分(fen)的(de)累積。降水(shui)(shui)豐富,日照(zhao)(zhao)少(shao),陰霧多(duo)(duo),濕(shi)度(du)(du)大,空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)相對濕(shi)度(du)(du)平(ping)均(jun)為(wei)75%,加之(zhi)(zhi)受地理(li)(li)緯度(du)(du)和云霧、地形(xing)、植(zhi)被等(deng)影響,極易形(xing)成散射光(guang)(guang),經(jing)常出現(xian)"露水(shui)(shui)陽"天氣(qi)(qi)(qi)。石(shi)柱(zhu)子村獨特(te)的(de)自然環境和土壤(rang)地貌(mao),有利(li)于(yu)石(shi)柱(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)的(de)生(sheng)長發(fa)(fa)育,并造就了(le)石(shi)柱(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)獨特(te)的(de)品(pin)質。石(shi)柱(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)對土壤(rang)、水(shui)(shui)分(fen)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)、光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)及栽培(pei)管理(li)(li)技術等(deng)要求極其嚴(yan)格,非石(shi)柱(zhu)子之(zhi)(zhi)山、之(zhi)(zhi)土、之(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)、之(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)、之(zhi)(zhi)特(te)殊栽培(pei)而不可得(de)。經(jing)實驗,異地栽培(pei)則會(hui)劣變,其形(xing)體(ti)和藥理(li)(li)作用都與(yu)正宗的(de)石(shi)柱(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)相差甚遠。2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)寬(kuan)甸石(shi)柱(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)農產品(pin)通(tong)過了(le)國家地理(li)(li)標志認證。由(you)于(yu)石(shi)柱(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)生(sheng)長期一(yi)般為(wei)13年(nian)(nian)(nian)以上,生(sheng)長周期長,為(wei)保護該物種,經(jing)遼寧省林(lin)業(ye)部門批準(zhun),每年(nian)(nian)(nian)只限增加參(can)(can)地50畝,同時退下來的(de)參(can)(can)地還(huan)林(lin),達(da)到林(lin)地資源可持續發(fa)(fa)展。
品質特點
石柱人參(can)具有蘆細(xi)長、體(ti)短靈、膀頭較圓,皮(pi)老質實,橫紋(wen)深而細(xi)密且主要集(ji)中在(zai)體(ti)的上半(ban)部,須(xu)細(xi)長,柔(rou)軟,清(qing)疏(shu),須(xu)根上生有珍(zhen)珠(zhu)疙瘩(da),體(ti)形千姿百態酷似野山參(can),因質好效(xiao)高而被尊(zun)崇,因量(liang)少年長而顯(xian)珍(zhen)貴,馳名中外,深受(shou)消(xiao)費者歡(huan)迎。
歷史淵源
相傳在明朝萬歷年間(jian),石柱子村(cun)還是個山(shan)高林密、荒無人煙的地方,山(shan)
東(dong)有7翁結(jie)伴到遼東(dong)鴨綠江畔的(de)深山老林里采參(can)(can),在(zai)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)村(cun)一帶(dai)發(fa)現了許多(duo)上(shang)等(deng)人(ren)參(can)(can),他(ta)們把長成的(de)人(ren)參(can)(can)帶(dai)走,小參(can)(can)與參(can)(can)籽則(ze)埋在(zai)林下栽培,為了以(yi)后采參(can)(can)能(neng)找到這個地方,就在(zai)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)村(cun)上(shang)屯(tun)街西的(de)三岔(cha)路口,豎(shu)起一塊(kuai)2m多(duo)高的(de)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),同時,在(zai)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)旁還栽了1株榆樹,石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)參(can)(can)由此(ci)得名(亦被簡稱為柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)參(can)(can))。后來,隨著采參(can)(can)的(de)人(ren)越(yue)來越(yue)多(duo),有些人(ren)安家在(zai)此(ci),逐(zhu)漸形成了石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)村(cun)。