寬甸石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)參(can)(can),遼寧省寬甸滿族自治(zhi)縣振江(jiang)鎮石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)子村特產(chan),中(zhong)國地(di)(di)理標志產(chan)品(pin)。石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)參(can)(can)也(ye)稱柱(zhu)(zhu)參(can)(can),是中(zhong)國人(ren)參(can)(can)中(zhong)的(de)(de)優良品(pin)種,因產(chan)地(di)(di)而(er)得(de)名(ming)。該村位于鴨綠江(jiang)北岸(an),屬于長白(bai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)余脈,山(shan)(shan)(shan)多(duo)水多(duo)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)高林密、濕度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)大,是盛產(chan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)參(can)(can)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方。石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)參(can)(can)具有蘆長、體(ti)靈、皮老紋(wen)深、皮條須、須根(gen)上生(sheng)有較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)的(de)(de)珍珠疙(ge)瘩,體(ti)形酷似(si)(si)野(ye)山(shan)(shan)(shan)參(can)(can)等優點而(er)馳名(ming)中(zhong)外(wai),體(ti)形千(qian)姿百態,深受用戶(hu)歡(huan)迎。石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)參(can)(can)藥性較(jiao)(jiao)強,栽培15年以上的(de)(de)石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)參(can)(can)藥用價值近(jin)似(si)(si)山(shan)(shan)(shan)參(can)(can),人(ren)參(can)(can)總皂甙含量遠(yuan)遠(yuan)高于一般園參(can)(can)。
產地環境
石(shi)柱人參產(chan)于遼(liao)寧省寬甸滿族自治縣(以下簡稱寬甸縣)振江鎮石(shi)柱子村境
內,地理坐標(biao)為(wei)東(dong)經(jing)125°21′~125°28′,北緯40°43′~40°50′,海(hai)拔350~810m。石柱子村位于寬甸(dian)縣東(dong)部丘陵區(qu),屬(shu)長白(bai)山余脈(mo),平均海(hai)拔500m,最高海(hai)拔800m,東(dong)部和(he)南部與(yu)鴨綠(lv)江(jiang)相鄰,東(dong)距鴨綠(lv)江(jiang)12.6km,南距鴨綠(lv)江(jiang)15.82km,與(yu)朝鮮人(ren)民民主主義共和(he)國(guo)隔江(jiang)相望,西部和(he)北部與(yu)內陸(lu)接壤(rang)。
土(tu)壤(rang)條件方(fang)面(mian),境內土(tu)壤(rang)屬棕(zong)壤(rang)土(tu),pH 5.5~6.0,由(you)花崗巖(yan)、片麻(ma)巖(yan)、混合巖(yan)等巖(yan)石(shi)風化而成(cheng),表層(ceng)(ceng)顏(yan)色(se)為暗棕(zong)色(se)、棕(zong)灰色(se),中層(ceng)(ceng)為棕(zong)黃色(se),下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)為黃白色(se)。土(tu)壤(rang)有(you)機質含(han)量(liang)為3.49%、微量(liang)元素(su)主要含(han)量(liang)有(you)銅、鋅、鐵(tie)、錳、硼、鉬,表層(ceng)(ceng)土(tu)速(su)效磷含(han)量(liang)平均為1.35mg/kg。土(tu)壤(rang)上層(ceng)(ceng)較薄,一般(ban)20~30cm厚,質地較粗(cu),含(han)有(you)較多的粗(cu)砂、礫石(shi)。
水(shui)分條件(jian)方面,石(shi)柱(zhu)子村(cun)東臨鴨綠江,水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)極為豐富,石(shi)柱(zhu)子河和滾子溝(gou)河于村(cun)中心交匯(hui)并貫(guan)穿全村(cun),河流總長6km。
氣(qi)候(hou)條件方面(mian),石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子村(cun)屬溫(wen)(wen)帶濕潤(run)(run)季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou)區,四季(ji)(ji)分明,氣(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)和濕潤(run)(run)。受(shou)季(ji)(ji)風影(ying)響,石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子村(cun)夏季(ji)(ji)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)多雨,冬季(ji)(ji)寒冷干燥(zao),年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為6.5℃,年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)水量為1 100mm,年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)日(ri)(ri)照時數為2 400小時,陰(yin)霧天氣(qi)多達150多天,無霜期135天。石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)生長(chang)(chang)季(ji)(ji)(5~8月)的(de)(de)平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為21℃,晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)較大,有利(li)于石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)體(ti)內養分的(de)(de)累積。降(jiang)(jiang)水豐富(fu),日(ri)(ri)照少,陰(yin)霧多,濕度大,空氣(qi)相對(dui)濕度平均(jun)(jun)為75%,加之(zhi)(zhi)受(shou)地(di)理(li)緯度和云(yun)霧、地(di)形(xing)、植(zhi)被等影(ying)響,極易形(xing)成散(san)射光,經常出現(xian)"露水陽"天氣(qi)。石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子村(cun)獨特的(de)(de)自然(ran)環境和土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌,有利(li)于石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)的(de)(de)生長(chang)(chang)發育(yu),并造就了石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)獨特的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)質。石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)對(dui)土(tu)壤(rang)、水分、氣(qi)候(hou)、光照及(ji)栽(zai)培管理(li)技術等要求極其(qi)嚴格(ge),非石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子之(zhi)(zhi)山、之(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)、之(zhi)(zhi)水、之(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)、之(zhi)(zhi)特殊栽(zai)培而不(bu)可得。經實(shi)驗,異地(di)栽(zai)培則會劣變,其(qi)形(xing)體(ti)和藥理(li)作用都與正(zheng)宗的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)相差(cha)甚遠(yuan)。2011年(nian)寬甸石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)通過了國家地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)認證。由于石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)生長(chang)(chang)期一般為13年(nian)以上,生長(chang)(chang)周期長(chang)(chang),為保護該物種,經遼寧省林(lin)業部門批準,每年(nian)只限(xian)增加參(can)(can)地(di)50畝,同時退下來的(de)(de)參(can)(can)地(di)還林(lin),達到(dao)林(lin)地(di)資源可持續發展。
品質特點
石柱(zhu)人參具有蘆(lu)細(xi)長、體(ti)短靈、膀(bang)頭較圓,皮老質實,橫紋深(shen)而(er)細(xi)密(mi)且主要集中在體(ti)的上半部,須細(xi)長,柔(rou)軟,清疏,須根上生(sheng)有珍(zhen)珠(zhu)疙瘩,體(ti)形千姿百(bai)態酷似野山參,因(yin)質好效高而(er)被尊崇,因(yin)量(liang)少年長而(er)顯珍(zhen)貴(gui),馳名中外,深(shen)受(shou)消費者歡迎。
歷史淵源
相傳在明(ming)朝(chao)萬歷(li)年間,石柱(zhu)子(zi)村(cun)還(huan)是個山高林密、荒(huang)無人(ren)煙的(de)地方,山
東(dong)有(you)7翁結伴(ban)到遼東(dong)鴨綠江畔的深山老林里采參(can)(can),在(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)子村一(yi)帶發(fa)現了(le)許多(duo)上(shang)等人(ren)(ren)參(can)(can),他們把(ba)長成的人(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)帶走,小參(can)(can)與參(can)(can)籽則埋在(zai)林下栽培,為(wei)了(le)以后采參(can)(can)能找(zhao)到這個地方,就在(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)子村上(shang)屯街(jie)西的三岔路(lu)口(kou),豎起一(yi)塊2m多(duo)高的石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu),同時(shi),在(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)旁還栽了(le)1株榆樹,石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)人(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)由此得名(亦被簡稱為(wei)柱(zhu)參(can)(can))。后來(lai),隨著采參(can)(can)的人(ren)(ren)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多(duo),有(you)些人(ren)(ren)安(an)家在(zai)此,逐漸形成了(le)石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)子村。