寬(kuan)甸石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)人參(can)(can),遼寧省寬(kuan)甸滿(man)族自治縣振江(jiang)鎮(zhen)石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)村(cun)特產,中國地理標志(zhi)產品。石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)參(can)(can)也稱柱(zhu)(zhu)參(can)(can),是中國人參(can)(can)中的優良品種,因產地而(er)得(de)名。該村(cun)位(wei)于鴨(ya)綠江(jiang)北岸,屬于長(chang)白山(shan)余脈(mo),山(shan)多水多、山(shan)高林密、濕(shi)度較大,是盛產山(shan)參(can)(can)的地方。石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)參(can)(can)具有(you)蘆長(chang)、體(ti)靈(ling)、皮老(lao)紋深、皮條須、須根上生(sheng)有(you)較多的珍珠疙瘩,體(ti)形(xing)酷(ku)似野山(shan)參(can)(can)等優點而(er)馳(chi)名中外,體(ti)形(xing)千姿百(bai)態(tai),深受用戶(hu)歡迎。石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)參(can)(can)藥(yao)性較強,栽培15年以上的石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)參(can)(can)藥(yao)用價值近似山(shan)參(can)(can),人參(can)(can)總皂甙含量遠(yuan)遠(yuan)高于一般園參(can)(can)。
產地環境
石柱人參產于遼寧省寬甸(dian)滿族自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(以下簡稱寬甸(dian)縣(xian)(xian))振江鎮石柱子村境
內(nei),地理坐(zuo)標(biao)為東(dong)(dong)經125°21′~125°28′,北緯40°43′~40°50′,海(hai)拔350~810m。石柱(zhu)子村位于寬甸縣東(dong)(dong)部丘陵區,屬長(chang)白山余(yu)脈(mo),平均海(hai)拔500m,最(zui)高(gao)海(hai)拔800m,東(dong)(dong)部和南(nan)部與鴨綠江相鄰,東(dong)(dong)距鴨綠江12.6km,南(nan)距鴨綠江15.82km,與朝鮮人民(min)民(min)主主義(yi)共和國隔江相望,西部和北部與內(nei)陸接壤。
土(tu)壤條件方面,境內土(tu)壤屬棕(zong)(zong)壤土(tu),pH 5.5~6.0,由花崗巖(yan)、片麻巖(yan)、混合(he)巖(yan)等巖(yan)石(shi)風化而成,表(biao)層顏色(se)(se)(se)為暗棕(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)、棕(zong)(zong)灰色(se)(se)(se),中層為棕(zong)(zong)黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se),下層為黃(huang)白色(se)(se)(se)。土(tu)壤有機質含(han)量(liang)(liang)為3.49%、微量(liang)(liang)元素主要(yao)含(han)量(liang)(liang)有銅、鋅、鐵、錳、硼、鉬,表(biao)層土(tu)速效磷含(han)量(liang)(liang)平均為1.35mg/kg。土(tu)壤上層較薄,一般20~30cm厚,質地較粗,含(han)有較多的粗砂、礫石(shi)。
水分條件方面,石(shi)柱(zhu)子村東臨鴨綠江,水資源極為豐(feng)富,石(shi)柱(zhu)子河和滾(gun)子溝河于(yu)村中心交(jiao)匯并貫(guan)穿全村,河流總(zong)長6km。
氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)條件(jian)方(fang)面,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)村(cun)屬(shu)溫(wen)(wen)帶濕潤季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)區,四季(ji)分(fen)明(ming),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)和濕潤。受季(ji)風(feng)影響,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)村(cun)夏季(ji)高溫(wen)(wen)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)雨(yu),冬季(ji)寒冷干燥,年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)6.5℃,年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)降水(shui)量為(wei)(wei)1 100mm,年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數為(wei)(wei)2 400小時(shi),陰霧天氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)達150多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)天,無霜(shuang)期135天。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)生(sheng)(sheng)長季(ji)(5~8月)的(de)(de)平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)21℃,晝夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)差較大,有利于石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)體(ti)內養(yang)分(fen)的(de)(de)累(lei)積(ji)。降水(shui)豐富,日(ri)照(zhao)少(shao),陰霧多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo),濕度大,空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相對濕度平均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)75%,加之(zhi)(zhi)受地(di)(di)理(li)緯度和云霧、地(di)(di)形、植被等(deng)影響,極易(yi)形成散射光(guang),經(jing)常出現"露水(shui)陽"天氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)村(cun)獨特的(de)(de)自然環境和土(tu)壤地(di)(di)貌,有利于石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長發(fa)育,并造就了(le)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)獨特的(de)(de)品質。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)對土(tu)壤、水(shui)分(fen)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)、光(guang)照(zhao)及栽培(pei)管理(li)技術等(deng)要求極其嚴(yan)格,非石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)山、之(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)、之(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)、之(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、之(zhi)(zhi)特殊栽培(pei)而(er)不可得。經(jing)實驗,異地(di)(di)栽培(pei)則會劣(lie)變,其形體(ti)和藥(yao)理(li)作用都(dou)與正宗的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)相差甚遠。2011年(nian)寬甸石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)農產品通過了(le)國家地(di)(di)理(li)標志認證。由于石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)生(sheng)(sheng)長期一般為(wei)(wei)13年(nian)以上,生(sheng)(sheng)長周(zhou)期長,為(wei)(wei)保護該物種,經(jing)遼寧省林(lin)(lin)業部門批(pi)準,每年(nian)只限增加參(can)(can)(can)地(di)(di)50畝,同(tong)時(shi)退下來(lai)的(de)(de)參(can)(can)(can)地(di)(di)還林(lin)(lin),達到林(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)資源(yuan)可持續發(fa)展(zhan)。
品質特點
石柱人參(can)具有蘆細(xi)長、體短靈、膀頭(tou)較圓,皮老質(zhi)實,橫紋深而(er)細(xi)密(mi)且主要集中在體的上(shang)半部,須(xu)(xu)細(xi)長,柔(rou)軟,清疏,須(xu)(xu)根上(shang)生有珍(zhen)珠疙瘩(da),體形(xing)千姿百態(tai)酷似野(ye)山參(can),因質(zhi)好效高(gao)而(er)被尊(zun)崇,因量少(shao)年(nian)長而(er)顯珍(zhen)貴,馳名(ming)中外(wai),深受消費者歡迎(ying)。
歷史淵源
相傳(chuan)在(zai)明朝萬歷(li)年間,石柱子(zi)村還是(shi)個山(shan)高林(lin)密、荒無人煙(yan)的地方,山(shan)
東有7翁結伴到(dao)遼東鴨綠江畔的(de)(de)深山老林(lin)里采(cai)參(can)(can)(can),在(zai)石柱(zhu)子(zi)(zi)村一(yi)帶發現了許(xu)多(duo)上等人(ren)參(can)(can)(can),他們(men)把長成的(de)(de)人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)帶走,小參(can)(can)(can)與參(can)(can)(can)籽則埋(mai)在(zai)林(lin)下栽(zai)(zai)培,為(wei)(wei)了以后采(cai)參(can)(can)(can)能(neng)找到(dao)這個(ge)地方,就(jiu)在(zai)石柱(zhu)子(zi)(zi)村上屯(tun)街西(xi)的(de)(de)三岔(cha)路口(kou),豎起一(yi)塊2m多(duo)高的(de)(de)石柱(zhu),同時,在(zai)石柱(zhu)旁還(huan)栽(zai)(zai)了1株榆樹,石柱(zhu)人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)由此得名(亦被簡稱為(wei)(wei)柱(zhu)參(can)(can)(can))。后來,隨著(zhu)采(cai)參(can)(can)(can)的(de)(de)人(ren)越來越多(duo),有些(xie)人(ren)安家在(zai)此,逐漸形成了石柱(zhu)子(zi)(zi)村。