產品介紹
茂(mao)(mao)縣是全國(guo)著名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)落葉水(shui)(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)鄉,擁有(you)3萬(wan)畝茂(mao)(mao)縣脆(cui)(cui)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、青脆(cui)(cui)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、脆(cui)(cui)紅李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),是國(guo)家A級綠色(se)食(shi)(shi)品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)(di)(di),并(bing)向(xiang)周(zhou)邊(bian)輻(fu)射(she)達(da)五(wu)(wu)萬(wan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)畝,形(xing)成頗具(ju)規(gui)模和特色(se)的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)代農(nong)業生(sheng)(sheng)態示范園(yuan)。 茂(mao)(mao)縣千年(nian)(nian)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)鄉、萬(wan)畝李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)園(yuan),凝四(si)時精氣(qi),匯天地(di)(di)(di)人(ren)和,聚(ju)生(sheng)(sheng)態之(zhi)美(mei),備休閑(xian)之(zhi)樂。春賞李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)花(hua)香(xiang)雪海(hai)(hai),九鼎金秋(qiu)碩果(guo)(guo)(guo)彤,衣袖猶藏茂(mao)(mao)州(zhou)風,游伴爭食(shi)(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)青紅。 據(ju)《華(hua)陽國(guo)志》:“古汶山(shan)(shan)郡(今(jin)茂(mao)(mao)縣)崇(chong)伯鯀子(zi)娶有(you)莘氏女治水(shui)(shui)(shui)……汶山(shan)(shan)郡的(de)(de)涂禹山(shan)(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)禹。禹治水(shui)(shui)(shui)后,滄海(hai)(hai)變良田。昔有(you)蜀(shu)山(shan)(shan)部(bu)族開(kai)拓(tuo)桑麻桃李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。”可見(jian)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)在茂(mao)(mao)縣栽(zai)植(zhi)已有(you)幾千年(nian)(nian)歷史。 公元前三千四(si)百(bai)六十年(nian)(nian)八月(yue)(yue)初三,爾(er)(er)(er)瑪(羌族)蠶叢氏長(chang)子(zi)雅(ya)魯接任酋長(chang)后率部(bu)族依(yi)勢疏導山(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui),使沼澤變牧場,牛、羊、馬,山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)繁衍、臺地(di)(di)(di)播種(zhong)爾(er)(er)(er)咪(mi)(mi)(桃)撤(che)依(yi)咪(mi)(mi)(李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)),五(wu)(wu)谷(gu);五(wu)(wu)谷(gu)豐登。雅(ya)魯在汶山(shan)(shan)源出流(liu)經(jing)岷(min)之(zhi)小(xiao)盆地(di)(di)(di)依(yi)山(shan)(shan)傍水(shui)(shui)(shui)建(jian)城堡,四(si)周(zhou)廣植(zhi)爾(er)(er)(er)咪(mi)(mi)(桃)撤(che)依(yi)咪(mi)(mi)(李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)),因(yin)其(qi)周(zhou)身是寶,將(jiang)撤(che)依(yi)咪(mi)(mi)(李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li))種(zhong)于巷陌(mo)。茂(mao)(mao)縣為(wei)(wei)紀念他們為(wei)(wei)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)產(chan)業做出的(de)(de)巨大(da)貢獻(xian),將(jiang)兩(liang)片樹(shu)齡70年(nian)(nian)以上(shang)的(de)(de)老李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)園(yuan)分別取名(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)“禹公李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)園(yuan)”和“雅(ya)魯李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)園(yuan)”。 爾(er)(er)(er)瑪(羌族)視(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)禮,在婚喪、服飾、咂酒(jiu)和冠禮中用(yong)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)敬(jing)山(shan)(shan)神、天神,求(qiu)得祝(zhu)福和保佑。民(min)(min)國(guo)24年(nian)(nian),楊(yang)家閣為(wei)(wei)幫紅四(si)方面軍(jun)(jun)籌集軍(jun)(jun)糧(liang),發動(dong)貧(pin)苦人(ren)民(min)(min)上(shang)山(shan)(shan)采(cai)摘李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)千余(yu)(yu)(yu)擔(dan)充饑、入藥,同年(nian)(nian)7月(yue)(yue),楊(yang)家閣壯(zhuang)烈犧(xi)牲。當地(di)(di)(di)百(bai)姓為(wei)(wei)紀念他栽(zai)植(zhi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)百(bai)余(yu)(yu)(yu)株(zhu),成活至(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)有(you)30余(yu)(yu)(yu)株(zhu),取名(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)“家閣李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)”,距今(jin)70余(yu)(yu)(yu)年(nian)(nian)。1935年(nian)(nian),紅四(si)方面軍(jun)(jun)在茂(mao)(mao)縣群眾為(wei)(wei)其(qi)籌集軍(jun)(jun)糧(liang)并(bing)采(cai)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)充饑,果(guo)(guo)(guo)核為(wei)(wei)藥,為(wei)(wei)感謝羌族人(ren)民(min)(min),北上(shang)前為(wei)(wei)當地(di)(di)(di)栽(zai)植(zhi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)五(wu)(wu)十余(yu)(yu)(yu)株(zhu),成活至(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)有(you)十余(yu)(yu)(yu)株(zhu),羌人(ren)現(xian)(xian)取名(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)“紅軍(jun)(jun)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)”,距今(jin)70余(yu)(yu)(yu)年(nian)(nian)。 目前茂(mao)(mao)縣境內仍有(you)百(bai)年(nian)(nian)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)5000余(yu)(yu)(yu)株(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)開(kai)花(hua)結果(guo)(guo)(guo),其(qi)頑強的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)命力如《爾(er)(er)(er)雅(ya)》云(yun):“五(wu)(wu)沃(wo)之(zhi)土,其(qi)木(mu)宜(yi)梅李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。”令人(ren)驚嘆(tan)。 這里盛(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)面亮(liang)麗(li)、光滑有(you)光澤、果(guo)(guo)(guo)粉(fen)厚,質地(di)(di)(di)爽口(kou)脆(cui)(cui)嫩(nen)、香(xiang)氣(qi)濃(nong)郁,可溶性固形(xing)物高,果(guo)(guo)(guo)核離核,可食(shi)(shi)率高達(da)97%以上(shang),品質上(shang)等,耐貯運,深受廣大(da)消費者喜愛,售價達(da)7-10元/kg,產(chan)品遠銷新加坡、日本、韓(han)國(guo)、香(xiang)港、深圳(zhen)、重慶、云(yun)南(nan)、貴州(zhou)、西安(an)等地(di)(di)(di),產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)了巨大(da)的(de)(de)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi),名(ming)(ming)(ming)聲遠揚。
自(zi)然生態環境和人文(wen)歷史因素
茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)李(li)產(chan)(chan)區地(di)(di)(di)處四(si)川(chuan)省茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)南(nan)(nan)北部(bu),地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)西(xi)(xi)北高(gao)(gao)、東(dong)南(nan)(nan)低,形(xing)(xing)態以(yi)中(zhong)山深切(qie)割為特(te)(te)點(dian)(dian),屬(shu)四(si)川(chuan)盆地(di)(di)(di)西(xi)(xi)緣(yuan)山地(di)(di)(di),地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)以(yi)高(gao)(gao)山峽谷地(di)(di)(di)帶為主。土(tu)壤(rang)有(you)(you)機(ji)質含(han)量高(gao)(gao)達2.85%-4.83%,PH值(zhi)5.75-8.58,全(quan)氮(dan)含(han)量0.142%-0.451%、富含(han)磷(lin)(lin)、鉀(jia),全(quan)磷(lin)(lin)0.104%-0.226%、全(quan)鉀(jia)2.5%-3.3%、水解氮(dan)70.95mg/kg-116.85mg/kg、有(you)(you)效磷(lin)(lin)16.26mg/kg-555.2mg/kg、速效鉀(jia)79.10mg/kg-135.44mg/kg。土(tu)壤(rang)通透(tou)性(xing)好(hao),灌溉條(tiao)件(jian)和排(pai)水性(xing)好(hao),非常適合李(li)子生長(chang)發(fa)育,是(shi)種植茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)李(li)得天(tian)獨厚的自然條(tiao)件(jian)。 茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)屬(shu)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)型季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候,受西(xi)(xi)風環流南(nan)(nan)支急流和印度(du)洋(yang)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)風及地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)影響,形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)時空變化大(da),小氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候效應突(tu)出(chu)的特(te)(te)點(dian)(dian)。 產(chan)(chan)區環境特(te)(te)點(dian)(dian)為:冬長(chang)夏(xia)短、春秋相連(lian),雨(yu)旱分(fen)明(ming),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和,陽光(guang)(guang)充(chong)足(zu),河谷多風;有(you)(you)別于四(si)川(chuan)盆周(zhou)山地(di)(di)(di)及高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)。與省內其它李(li)產(chan)(chan)區相比具備(bei)發(fa)展(zhan)優(you)質李(li)的獨特(te)(te)環境條(tiao)件(jian):一是(shi)海拔高(gao)(gao)度(du)適宜,在(zai)海拔1470米(mi)(mi)(mi)-2300米(mi)(mi)(mi)之間,是(shi)茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)李(li)生長(chang)的最(zui)佳海拔高(gao)(gao)度(du);二是(shi)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi) 溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)適宜,該縣(xian)(xian)年(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)11.2℃,最(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)-11.6℃,7月平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)20.9℃,最(zui)高(gao)(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)32℃;三是(shi)光(guang)(guang)照條(tiao)件(jian)十分(fen)充(chong)沛,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)照時數1557.1小時,年(nian)總輻(fu)射(she)量為100.90千(qian)卡(ka)(ka)/平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),光(guang)(guang)合有(you)(you)效輻(fu)射(she)49.50 千(qian)卡(ka)(ka)/平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),適于李(li)子生長(chang)的4-9月,有(you)(you)效輻(fu)射(she)量可(ke)達29.90千(qian)卡(ka)(ka)/平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),約占總量的60.5%;四(si)是(shi)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)雨(yu)熱同季(ji),溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差年(nian)較(jiao)(jiao)差小、日(ri)較(jiao)(jiao)差達10℃以(yi)上(shang),年(nian)降水偏少,多年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)僅(jin)490.0mm,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)蒸(zheng)發(fa)量1375.7mm。 綜(zong)上(shang)所述:茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)土(tu)壤(rang)有(you)(you)機(ji)質、礦物質含(han)量高(gao)(gao),灌溉方(fang)(fang)便,冬長(chang)夏(xia)短、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差年(nian)較(jiao)(jiao)差小,日(ri)較(jiao)(jiao)差大(da),年(nian)降雨(yu)量小,日(ri)照充(chong)足(zu)的高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)型季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候獨特(te)(te)性(xing);形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)李(li)果(guo)(guo)面亮麗,光(guang)(guang)滑(hua)有(you)(you)光(guang)(guang)澤,果(guo)(guo)粉(fen)厚,質地(di)(di)(di)爽口(kou)脆嫩,香氣(qi)(qi)(qi)濃(nong)郁,可(ke)溶性(xing)固形(xing)(xing)物高(gao)(gao)達14%,果(guo)(guo)核(he)離核(he),可(ke)食率(lv)高(gao)(gao)達97%以(yi)上(shang),品質上(shang)等,耐貯(zhu)運的獨特(te)(te)品質。
地域范圍
茂縣李地(di)(di)理(li)標志地(di)(di)域保(bao)護(hu)范圍包(bao)括鳳(feng)儀、南(nan)新和疊溪(xi)(xi)3個鎮和渭門、溝口、雅都、曲(qu)谷、洼(wa)底、白溪(xi)(xi)、三龍、回龍、黑虎、飛虹、太(tai)平、松坪、石大關13個鄉(xiang)。地(di)(di)理(li)坐標為:東經(jing)102°56′-104°10′,北緯31°25′-32°16′。茂縣位于川西(xi)北地(di)(di)區,東與(yu)(yu)北川、安縣、綿竹毗鄰(lin),南(nan)與(yu)(yu)彭州市、汶川、什邡接壤,西(xi)與(yu)(yu)理(li)縣、黑水相鄰(lin),北與(yu)(yu)松潘連接,南(nan)北長94.8公里,東西(xi)寬116.5公里。保(bao)護(hu)面(mian)積(ji)2000公頃,年產量8.25萬噸。
品質特性特征
(1)獨特(te)感官特(te)征:茂縣李果實整齊度好、果形端正,具有(you)本(ben)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)的固有(you)特(te)征果皮(pi)色澤,具有(you)本(ben)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)成(cheng)熟時(shi)應有(you)的果肉色澤,李果面(mian)亮麗,光滑(hua)有(you)光澤,果粉厚,質地爽(shuang)口脆嫩(nen),香氣濃郁,果核離核,品(pin)(pin)質上等,耐貯運的獨特(te)品(pin)(pin)質。
(2)獨(du)特(te)內(nei)在品(pin)質(zhi)指標:茂縣李具(ju)有高(gao)糖低酸的(de)品(pin)質(zhi)特(te)點,硬(ying)度大于10.4kg/平(ping)方厘米(mi),可(ke)溶性固形物大于12.5%,可(ke)滴(di)定酸小于1.06%,含糖量大于9.8%,可(ke)食率大于97%。