產品介紹
茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)全國(guo)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)落葉水(shui)果(guo)(guo)之(zhi)鄉,擁有(you)(you)3萬(wan)畝(mu)茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)脆李(li)(li)、青脆李(li)(li)、脆紅(hong)李(li)(li),是(shi)(shi)國(guo)家A級(ji)綠(lv)色(se)食品生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產基地,并(bing)向(xiang)周(zhou)邊輻射達(da)五(wu)(wu)萬(wan)余畝(mu),形成頗具規模和特(te)色(se)的(de)(de)(de)現代農業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態示范園(yuan)。 茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)千年(nian)李(li)(li)鄉、萬(wan)畝(mu)李(li)(li)園(yuan),凝四時(shi)精(jing)氣(qi),匯(hui)天地人(ren)和,聚(ju)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態之(zhi)美,備休閑之(zhi)樂。春(chun)賞(shang)李(li)(li)花(hua)香(xiang)雪海,九鼎金秋(qiu)碩果(guo)(guo)彤,衣(yi)袖猶藏茂(mao)(mao)州風,游伴爭食李(li)(li)青紅(hong)。 據《華陽國(guo)志(zhi)》:“古汶山(shan)郡(jun)(今(jin)(jin)茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian))崇伯鯀子娶有(you)(you)莘氏女治水(shui)……汶山(shan)郡(jun)的(de)(de)(de)涂禹(yu)山(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)禹(yu)。禹(yu)治水(shui)后(hou),滄海變良田。昔有(you)(you)蜀山(shan)部族(zu)開拓桑(sang)麻(ma)桃李(li)(li)。”可(ke)(ke)見李(li)(li)子在(zai)茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)栽(zai)(zai)植已有(you)(you)幾千年(nian)歷史。 公元前三(san)千四百(bai)六(liu)十年(nian)八月初三(san),爾(er)瑪(羌族(zu))蠶(can)叢氏長(chang)(chang)子雅(ya)魯(lu)接任酋長(chang)(chang)后(hou)率部族(zu)依勢(shi)疏導山(shan)水(shui),使沼澤(ze)變牧場,牛、羊(yang)、馬,山(shan)地繁衍、臺地播種爾(er)咪(mi)(mi)(桃)撤(che)依咪(mi)(mi)(李(li)(li)),五(wu)(wu)谷(gu);五(wu)(wu)谷(gu)豐登。雅(ya)魯(lu)在(zai)汶山(shan)源出流經岷之(zhi)小盆地依山(shan)傍水(shui)建城堡,四周(zhou)廣植爾(er)咪(mi)(mi)(桃)撤(che)依咪(mi)(mi)(李(li)(li)),因其(qi)周(zhou)身是(shi)(shi)寶,將(jiang)撤(che)依咪(mi)(mi)(李(li)(li))種于(yu)巷陌。茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)他們(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)李(li)(li)產業(ye)做出的(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)(ju)大(da)貢獻,將(jiang)兩片(pian)樹齡70年(nian)以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)老李(li)(li)園(yuan)分(fen)別取名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“禹(yu)公李(li)(li)園(yuan)”和“雅(ya)魯(lu)李(li)(li)園(yuan)”。 爾(er)瑪(羌族(zu))視李(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禮(li),在(zai)婚喪、服(fu)飾、咂(za)酒和冠(guan)禮(li)中用李(li)(li)敬山(shan)神、天神,求得祝福(fu)和保佑。民國(guo)24年(nian),楊(yang)家閣為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)幫(bang)紅(hong)四方(fang)(fang)面(mian)軍(jun)(jun)籌(chou)集(ji)軍(jun)(jun)糧,發動貧苦(ku)人(ren)民上(shang)山(shan)采摘(zhai)李(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)千余擔充饑、入(ru)藥,同(tong)年(nian)7月,楊(yang)家閣壯烈(lie)犧牲。當(dang)地百(bai)姓為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)他栽(zai)(zai)植李(li)(li)樹百(bai)余株,成活(huo)至(zhi)今(jin)(jin)有(you)(you)30余株,取名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“家閣李(li)(li)樹”,距(ju)今(jin)(jin)70余年(nian)。1935年(nian),紅(hong)四方(fang)(fang)面(mian)軍(jun)(jun)在(zai)茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)群眾(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)籌(chou)集(ji)軍(jun)(jun)糧并(bing)采李(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)充饑,果(guo)(guo)核為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藥,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)感謝羌族(zu)人(ren)民,北上(shang)前為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)當(dang)地栽(zai)(zai)植李(li)(li)樹五(wu)(wu)十余株,成活(huo)至(zhi)今(jin)(jin)有(you)(you)十余株,羌人(ren)現取名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)李(li)(li)樹”,距(ju)今(jin)(jin)70余年(nian)。 目前茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)境內仍有(you)(you)百(bai)年(nian)李(li)(li)樹5000余株生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)開花(hua)結果(guo)(guo),其(qi)頑強的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命力如《爾(er)雅(ya)》云:“五(wu)(wu)沃之(zhi)土,其(qi)木宜(yi)梅李(li)(li)。”令人(ren)驚嘆。 這里(li)盛產的(de)(de)(de)李(li)(li)子果(guo)(guo)面(mian)亮(liang)麗、光滑有(you)(you)光澤(ze)、果(guo)(guo)粉(fen)厚,質地爽口脆嫩、香(xiang)氣(qi)濃郁,可(ke)(ke)溶性(xing)固形物高,果(guo)(guo)核離核,可(ke)(ke)食率高達(da)97%以上(shang),品質上(shang)等(deng)(deng),耐貯運,深受廣大(da)消費(fei)者喜愛(ai),售價達(da)7-10元/kg,產品遠銷新加坡(po)、日本、韓(han)國(guo)、香(xiang)港、深圳、重(zhong)慶、云南、貴(gui)州、西(xi)安等(deng)(deng)地,產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了(le)巨(ju)(ju)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)經濟效益,名(ming)聲遠揚。
自然生態(tai)環(huan)境和人文歷史因素
茂(mao)縣(xian)李(li)(li)產區地(di)處四(si)川(chuan)省茂(mao)縣(xian)南(nan)北部,地(di)形(xing)(xing)西(xi)北高(gao)、東南(nan)低(di),形(xing)(xing)態以(yi)中山(shan)(shan)深(shen)切割為(wei)特(te)點,屬四(si)川(chuan)盆(pen)地(di)西(xi)緣山(shan)(shan)地(di),地(di)貌以(yi)高(gao)山(shan)(shan)峽(xia)谷地(di)帶為(wei)主。土壤(rang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)高(gao)達(da)(da)2.85%-4.83%,PH值(zhi)5.75-8.58,全(quan)氮(dan)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)0.142%-0.451%、富含(han)磷(lin)、鉀,全(quan)磷(lin)0.104%-0.226%、全(quan)鉀2.5%-3.3%、水(shui)解(jie)氮(dan)70.95mg/kg-116.85mg/kg、有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)磷(lin)16.26mg/kg-555.2mg/kg、速效(xiao)(xiao)鉀79.10mg/kg-135.44mg/kg。土壤(rang)通透性好,灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)條件(jian)(jian)和(he)排(pai)水(shui)性好,非常適合李(li)(li)子生長(chang)(chang)發(fa)育(yu),是(shi)(shi)種植茂(mao)縣(xian)李(li)(li)得(de)天獨厚(hou)的(de)自然(ran)條件(jian)(jian)。 茂(mao)縣(xian)屬高(gao)原(yuan)型(xing)季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou),受西(xi)風環(huan)流南(nan)支急流和(he)印(yin)度洋西(xi)南(nan)風及地(di)形(xing)(xing)地(di)貌影響,形(xing)(xing)成時空(kong)變(bian)化(hua)大,小氣(qi)候(hou)效(xiao)(xiao)應突出的(de)特(te)點。 產區環(huan)境特(te)點為(wei):冬(dong)長(chang)(chang)夏(xia)短、春秋相連,雨旱分(fen)明,氣(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)和(he),陽光(guang)(guang)充(chong)足,河(he)谷多風;有(you)(you)(you)(you)別于四(si)川(chuan)盆(pen)周山(shan)(shan)地(di)及高(gao)原(yuan)。與省內其它李(li)(li)產區相比具備發(fa)展優質李(li)(li)的(de)獨特(te)環(huan)境條件(jian)(jian):一是(shi)(shi)海拔高(gao)度適宜(yi),在海拔1470米-2300米之(zhi)間,是(shi)(shi)茂(mao)縣(xian)李(li)(li)生長(chang)(chang)的(de)最(zui)佳海拔高(gao)度;二是(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi) 溫(wen)(wen)適宜(yi),該縣(xian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)11.2℃,最(zui)低(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-11.6℃,7月平(ping)(ping)均溫(wen)(wen)度20.9℃,最(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)32℃;三(san)是(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)條件(jian)(jian)十分(fen)充(chong)沛,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均日照(zhao)時數1557.1小時,年(nian)(nian)(nian)總輻射(she)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)100.90千卡/平(ping)(ping)方厘米,光(guang)(guang)合有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)輻射(she)49.50 千卡/平(ping)(ping)方厘米,適于李(li)(li)子生長(chang)(chang)的(de)4-9月,有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)輻射(she)量(liang)(liang)(liang)可(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)29.90千卡/平(ping)(ping)方厘米,約(yue)占總量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)60.5%;四(si)是(shi)(shi)全(quan)縣(xian)雨熱同季(ji)(ji),溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)年(nian)(nian)(nian)較(jiao)差(cha)小、日較(jiao)差(cha)達(da)(da)10℃以(yi)上,年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)偏少,多年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均僅490.0mm,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均蒸(zheng)發(fa)量(liang)(liang)(liang)1375.7mm。 綜上所述:茂(mao)縣(xian)土壤(rang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質、礦(kuang)物質含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)高(gao),灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)方便,冬(dong)長(chang)(chang)夏(xia)短、溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)年(nian)(nian)(nian)較(jiao)差(cha)小,日較(jiao)差(cha)大,年(nian)(nian)(nian)降雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)小,日照(zhao)充(chong)足的(de)高(gao)原(yuan)型(xing)季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou)獨特(te)性;形(xing)(xing)成茂(mao)縣(xian)李(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)面亮(liang)麗,光(guang)(guang)滑有(you)(you)(you)(you)光(guang)(guang)澤,果(guo)(guo)粉厚(hou),質地(di)爽口(kou)脆嫩,香氣(qi)濃郁,可(ke)(ke)溶性固形(xing)(xing)物高(gao)達(da)(da)14%,果(guo)(guo)核離核,可(ke)(ke)食率高(gao)達(da)(da)97%以(yi)上,品質上等,耐(nai)貯運(yun)的(de)獨特(te)品質。
地域范圍
茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)李地(di)理標(biao)志地(di)域保護范(fan)圍包(bao)括(kuo)鳳儀、南新和(he)疊溪3個鎮(zhen)和(he)渭門、溝口(kou)、雅(ya)都、曲谷、洼底、白溪、三龍、回龍、黑虎(hu)、飛虹、太(tai)平、松(song)坪、石大(da)關13個鄉。地(di)理坐(zuo)標(biao)為(wei):東(dong)經102°56′-104°10′,北緯31°25′-32°16′。茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)位(wei)于川西北地(di)區,東(dong)與(yu)(yu)北川、安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、綿竹毗鄰,南與(yu)(yu)彭州市(shi)、汶川、什邡接壤,西與(yu)(yu)理縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、黑水相鄰,北與(yu)(yu)松(song)潘連接,南北長(chang)94.8公里,東(dong)西寬116.5公里。保護面積2000公頃,年產量8.25萬噸。
品質特性特征
(1)獨(du)特感官特征(zheng):茂縣李果(guo)實(shi)整齊(qi)度好、果(guo)形端正,具(ju)有本(ben)品種的(de)(de)固有特征(zheng)果(guo)皮色澤,具(ju)有本(ben)品種成熟(shu)時應(ying)有的(de)(de)果(guo)肉色澤,李果(guo)面亮(liang)麗(li),光(guang)滑(hua)有光(guang)澤,果(guo)粉厚,質地爽口脆嫩,香氣濃郁,果(guo)核(he)離核(he),品質上等,耐貯運的(de)(de)獨(du)特品質。
(2)獨(du)特內在品(pin)質指標:茂縣李具(ju)有(you)高糖低酸(suan)的品(pin)質特點,硬度大(da)于10.4kg/平方厘米,可溶(rong)性固形(xing)物大(da)于12.5%,可滴(di)定酸(suan)小于1.06%,含(han)糖量(liang)大(da)于9.8%,可食率大(da)于97%。