產品介紹
茂(mao)縣是(shi)(shi)全(quan)國(guo)著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)(de)落葉水果(guo)之(zhi)鄉(xiang),擁(yong)有3萬(wan)畝(mu)茂(mao)縣脆李(li)(li)(li)、青(qing)脆李(li)(li)(li)、脆紅李(li)(li)(li),是(shi)(shi)國(guo)家(jia)A級綠色食(shi)(shi)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地(di),并(bing)向(xiang)周邊(bian)輻射(she)達五萬(wan)余(yu)(yu)畝(mu),形成(cheng)(cheng)頗具規模和(he)(he)(he)(he)特色的(de)(de)現代農業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態示范園(yuan)(yuan)。 茂(mao)縣千年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)李(li)(li)(li)鄉(xiang)、萬(wan)畝(mu)李(li)(li)(li)園(yuan)(yuan),凝四(si)時精氣,匯天地(di)人(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)(he)(he),聚(ju)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態之(zhi)美,備休閑之(zhi)樂(le)。春賞李(li)(li)(li)花(hua)香雪海,九(jiu)鼎金秋碩果(guo)彤,衣袖猶(you)藏茂(mao)州風,游伴爭(zheng)食(shi)(shi)李(li)(li)(li)青(qing)紅。 據《華陽國(guo)志》:“古(gu)汶(wen)(wen)山郡(今(jin)(jin)(jin)茂(mao)縣)崇伯鯀子娶有莘氏女治水……汶(wen)(wen)山郡的(de)(de)涂禹山生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)禹。禹治水后,滄海變良(liang)田(tian)。昔有蜀山部族(zu)(zu)開拓桑(sang)麻桃(tao)李(li)(li)(li)。”可(ke)見李(li)(li)(li)子在(zai)茂(mao)縣栽植已有幾千年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)歷(li)史。 公(gong)元前三千四(si)百六十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)八月初三,爾瑪(羌族(zu)(zu))蠶(can)叢氏長子雅魯(lu)接任酋(qiu)長后率部族(zu)(zu)依勢疏(shu)導山水,使沼澤變牧場,牛、羊、馬,山地(di)繁衍、臺地(di)播種爾咪(桃(tao))撤(che)依咪(李(li)(li)(li)),五谷(gu);五谷(gu)豐登。雅魯(lu)在(zai)汶(wen)(wen)山源出流經(jing)岷之(zhi)小盆地(di)依山傍水建城堡,四(si)周廣(guang)植爾咪(桃(tao))撤(che)依咪(李(li)(li)(li)),因其(qi)(qi)周身是(shi)(shi)寶,將撤(che)依咪(李(li)(li)(li))種于巷(xiang)陌。茂(mao)縣為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紀念他們為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)李(li)(li)(li)產(chan)(chan)業做出的(de)(de)巨(ju)大(da)貢獻,將兩片樹齡70年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)上的(de)(de)老李(li)(li)(li)園(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)別(bie)取(qu)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“禹公(gong)李(li)(li)(li)園(yuan)(yuan)”和(he)(he)(he)(he)“雅魯(lu)李(li)(li)(li)園(yuan)(yuan)”。 爾瑪(羌族(zu)(zu))視(shi)李(li)(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禮,在(zai)婚喪(sang)、服飾、咂酒和(he)(he)(he)(he)冠禮中用李(li)(li)(li)敬山神、天神,求得祝福(fu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)保佑。民國(guo)24年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),楊(yang)(yang)家(jia)閣為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)幫紅四(si)方(fang)面(mian)軍(jun)(jun)籌集軍(jun)(jun)糧(liang),發動貧苦人(ren)(ren)民上山采(cai)摘李(li)(li)(li)果(guo)千余(yu)(yu)擔充饑、入藥,同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月,楊(yang)(yang)家(jia)閣壯(zhuang)烈犧牲。當地(di)百姓為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紀念他栽植李(li)(li)(li)樹百余(yu)(yu)株(zhu),成(cheng)(cheng)活至今(jin)(jin)(jin)有30余(yu)(yu)株(zhu),取(qu)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“家(jia)閣李(li)(li)(li)樹”,距(ju)(ju)今(jin)(jin)(jin)70余(yu)(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。1935年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),紅四(si)方(fang)面(mian)軍(jun)(jun)在(zai)茂(mao)縣群眾(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)籌集軍(jun)(jun)糧(liang)并(bing)采(cai)李(li)(li)(li)果(guo)充饑,果(guo)核(he)(he)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藥,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)感謝羌族(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)民,北上前為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)當地(di)栽植李(li)(li)(li)樹五十余(yu)(yu)株(zhu),成(cheng)(cheng)活至今(jin)(jin)(jin)有十余(yu)(yu)株(zhu),羌人(ren)(ren)現取(qu)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“紅軍(jun)(jun)李(li)(li)(li)樹”,距(ju)(ju)今(jin)(jin)(jin)70余(yu)(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。 目前茂(mao)縣境內仍有百年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)李(li)(li)(li)樹5000余(yu)(yu)株(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長開花(hua)結果(guo),其(qi)(qi)頑強的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)力如(ru)《爾雅》云:“五沃之(zhi)土,其(qi)(qi)木宜梅李(li)(li)(li)。”令人(ren)(ren)驚嘆。 這里盛產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)李(li)(li)(li)子果(guo)面(mian)亮麗、光滑(hua)有光澤、果(guo)粉(fen)厚,質(zhi)地(di)爽口脆嫩、香氣濃郁,可(ke)溶性固形物高(gao),果(guo)核(he)(he)離核(he)(he),可(ke)食(shi)(shi)率高(gao)達97%以(yi)上,品(pin)質(zhi)上等(deng),耐(nai)貯運,深(shen)受廣(guang)大(da)消(xiao)費者喜愛,售(shou)價(jia)達7-10元/kg,產(chan)(chan)品(pin)遠銷新加(jia)坡、日本、韓(han)國(guo)、香港、深(shen)圳、重(zhong)慶、云南(nan)、貴州、西安(an)等(deng)地(di),產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了巨(ju)大(da)的(de)(de)經(jing)濟效益,名(ming)聲遠揚。
自(zi)然(ran)生態環境和人文(wen)歷史因素
茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)李(li)(li)產區地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)四(si)川省茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)南(nan)北部,地(di)(di)(di)形西(xi)(xi)北高(gao)(gao)(gao)、東南(nan)低,形態以中山(shan)深切(qie)割(ge)為(wei)特(te)(te)點,屬四(si)川盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)西(xi)(xi)緣山(shan)地(di)(di)(di),地(di)(di)(di)貌以高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)峽谷地(di)(di)(di)帶為(wei)主(zhu)。土(tu)壤(rang)有(you)機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)達(da)(da)(da)2.85%-4.83%,PH值5.75-8.58,全(quan)氮含(han)量(liang)(liang)0.142%-0.451%、富含(han)磷(lin)、鉀(jia),全(quan)磷(lin)0.104%-0.226%、全(quan)鉀(jia)2.5%-3.3%、水(shui)解氮70.95mg/kg-116.85mg/kg、有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)磷(lin)16.26mg/kg-555.2mg/kg、速效(xiao)(xiao)鉀(jia)79.10mg/kg-135.44mg/kg。土(tu)壤(rang)通透性(xing)好,灌溉條(tiao)件(jian)和(he)排水(shui)性(xing)好,非常(chang)適合(he)(he)李(li)(li)子生(sheng)長(chang)發育,是種植茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)李(li)(li)得天(tian)獨厚的(de)(de)自然條(tiao)件(jian)。 茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)屬高(gao)(gao)(gao)原(yuan)型季風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou),受西(xi)(xi)風(feng)環(huan)流南(nan)支(zhi)急流和(he)印度洋西(xi)(xi)南(nan)風(feng)及地(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)貌影(ying)響,形成時空變化大,小(xiao)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)效(xiao)(xiao)應突出(chu)的(de)(de)特(te)(te)點。 產區環(huan)境特(te)(te)點為(wei):冬長(chang)夏(xia)短、春(chun)秋相連,雨(yu)旱分明,氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he),陽光(guang)充足(zu),河谷多風(feng);有(you)別于四(si)川盆(pen)周山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)及高(gao)(gao)(gao)原(yuan)。與省內(nei)其它李(li)(li)產區相比具備發展優質(zhi)李(li)(li)的(de)(de)獨特(te)(te)環(huan)境條(tiao)件(jian):一(yi)是海拔高(gao)(gao)(gao)度適宜(yi),在海拔1470米(mi)-2300米(mi)之間(jian),是茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)李(li)(li)生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)佳海拔高(gao)(gao)(gao)度;二是年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi) 溫(wen)(wen)(wen)適宜(yi),該縣(xian)(xian)(xian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)11.2℃,最(zui)(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-11.6℃,7月(yue)平均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度20.9℃,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)32℃;三是光(guang)照條(tiao)件(jian)十分充沛,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)日照時數1557.1小(xiao)時,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)總輻射(she)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)100.90千卡/平方(fang)(fang)厘米(mi),光(guang)合(he)(he)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)輻射(she)49.50 千卡/平方(fang)(fang)厘米(mi),適于李(li)(li)子生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)4-9月(yue),有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)輻射(she)量(liang)(liang)可(ke)達(da)(da)(da)29.90千卡/平方(fang)(fang)厘米(mi),約占總量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)60.5%;四(si)是全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)雨(yu)熱(re)同(tong)季,溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)(cha)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)較差(cha)(cha)小(xiao)、日較差(cha)(cha)達(da)(da)(da)10℃以上,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)偏少,多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)僅490.0mm,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)蒸發量(liang)(liang)1375.7mm。 綜上所述(shu):茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)土(tu)壤(rang)有(you)機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)、礦物質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao),灌溉方(fang)(fang)便,冬長(chang)夏(xia)短、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)(cha)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)較差(cha)(cha)小(xiao),日較差(cha)(cha)大,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)小(xiao),日照充足(zu)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)原(yuan)型季風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)獨特(te)(te)性(xing);形成茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)李(li)(li)果面亮麗,光(guang)滑有(you)光(guang)澤,果粉厚,質(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)爽口脆嫩(nen),香氣(qi)(qi)濃郁(yu),可(ke)溶性(xing)固形物高(gao)(gao)(gao)達(da)(da)(da)14%,果核(he)離核(he),可(ke)食(shi)率(lv)高(gao)(gao)(gao)達(da)(da)(da)97%以上,品質(zhi)上等(deng),耐貯(zhu)運的(de)(de)獨特(te)(te)品質(zhi)。
地域范圍
茂(mao)縣李地理標(biao)志(zhi)地域(yu)保(bao)護范圍包括鳳儀、南(nan)新(xin)和(he)疊溪3個鎮(zhen)和(he)渭(wei)門、溝口、雅(ya)都(dou)、曲谷、洼底、白溪、三龍、回龍、黑虎、飛虹(hong)、太(tai)平、松(song)坪、石大關(guan)13個鄉。地理坐標(biao)為:東經102°56′-104°10′,北(bei)緯31°25′-32°16′。茂(mao)縣位于川(chuan)西北(bei)地區(qu),東與北(bei)川(chuan)、安縣、綿(mian)竹(zhu)毗鄰,南(nan)與彭州(zhou)市、汶川(chuan)、什邡接壤,西與理縣、黑水(shui)相(xiang)鄰,北(bei)與松(song)潘連(lian)接,南(nan)北(bei)長94.8公(gong)里,東西寬116.5公(gong)里。保(bao)護面積2000公(gong)頃,年(nian)產量(liang)8.25萬噸。
品質特性特征
(1)獨特(te)感官特(te)征(zheng):茂縣李果(guo)(guo)實整齊度(du)好、果(guo)(guo)形端正,具有(you)本品(pin)種的(de)固有(you)特(te)征(zheng)果(guo)(guo)皮色澤(ze),具有(you)本品(pin)種成熟時應有(you)的(de)果(guo)(guo)肉色澤(ze),李果(guo)(guo)面亮麗,光滑有(you)光澤(ze),果(guo)(guo)粉厚,質(zhi)地爽口脆(cui)嫩,香(xiang)氣濃郁,果(guo)(guo)核(he)(he)離核(he)(he),品(pin)質(zhi)上等,耐貯運的(de)獨特(te)品(pin)質(zhi)。
(2)獨特(te)內在品質指標:茂縣李(li)具有高糖低酸的品質特(te)點,硬度(du)大于(yu)10.4kg/平方厘米,可(ke)溶性固形物大于(yu)12.5%,可(ke)滴(di)定酸小于(yu)1.06%,含糖量(liang)大于(yu)9.8%,可(ke)食率大于(yu)97%。