產品介紹
茂(mao)縣(xian)是全國著名(ming)的(de)落葉水(shui)果(guo)(guo)之鄉,擁(yong)有(you)(you)(you)3萬畝(mu)茂(mao)縣(xian)脆李(li)(li)(li)(li)、青(qing)脆李(li)(li)(li)(li)、脆紅(hong)李(li)(li)(li)(li),是國家(jia)A級綠色(se)食(shi)(shi)品生(sheng)產基地(di)(di)(di)(di),并向周(zhou)邊(bian)輻射(she)達五萬余(yu)(yu)畝(mu),形成頗具規模和(he)特色(se)的(de)現代農(nong)業生(sheng)態示范園(yuan)。 茂(mao)縣(xian)千年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)李(li)(li)(li)(li)鄉、萬畝(mu)李(li)(li)(li)(li)園(yuan),凝四(si)時(shi)精氣,匯(hui)天(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)人和(he),聚生(sheng)態之美,備(bei)休閑(xian)之樂。春賞李(li)(li)(li)(li)花香雪海,九(jiu)鼎(ding)金秋碩果(guo)(guo)彤,衣袖猶藏茂(mao)州風,游伴爭食(shi)(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)青(qing)紅(hong)。 據《華陽國志》:“古汶山(shan)郡(今(jin)茂(mao)縣(xian))崇伯鯀子(zi)娶有(you)(you)(you)莘氏女治(zhi)水(shui)……汶山(shan)郡的(de)涂(tu)禹山(shan)生(sheng)禹。禹治(zhi)水(shui)后,滄海變(bian)(bian)良田。昔有(you)(you)(you)蜀山(shan)部族(zu)(zu)(zu)開(kai)拓桑麻(ma)桃(tao)李(li)(li)(li)(li)。”可見李(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)在(zai)茂(mao)縣(xian)栽植已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)幾千年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)歷史。 公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)三千四(si)百(bai)(bai)六十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)八月初(chu)三,爾瑪(羌族(zu)(zu)(zu))蠶叢氏長子(zi)雅魯(lu)接(jie)任酋長后率部族(zu)(zu)(zu)依勢疏導山(shan)水(shui),使(shi)沼(zhao)澤變(bian)(bian)牧場,牛、羊、馬,山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)繁(fan)衍、臺地(di)(di)(di)(di)播種(zhong)爾咪(mi)(mi)(mi)(桃(tao))撤依咪(mi)(mi)(mi)(李(li)(li)(li)(li)),五谷;五谷豐(feng)登。雅魯(lu)在(zai)汶山(shan)源出流經岷之小盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)依山(shan)傍水(shui)建城堡,四(si)周(zhou)廣植爾咪(mi)(mi)(mi)(桃(tao))撤依咪(mi)(mi)(mi)(李(li)(li)(li)(li)),因其(qi)周(zhou)身(shen)是寶,將(jiang)撤依咪(mi)(mi)(mi)(李(li)(li)(li)(li))種(zhong)于巷(xiang)陌。茂(mao)縣(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)紀(ji)(ji)念他(ta)們為(wei)(wei)(wei)李(li)(li)(li)(li)產業做出的(de)巨大貢獻,將(jiang)兩片樹(shu)齡(ling)70年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)老李(li)(li)(li)(li)園(yuan)分別取名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“禹公(gong)(gong)李(li)(li)(li)(li)園(yuan)”和(he)“雅魯(lu)李(li)(li)(li)(li)園(yuan)”。 爾瑪(羌族(zu)(zu)(zu))視(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)禮,在(zai)婚喪(sang)、服飾、咂酒(jiu)和(he)冠禮中(zhong)用李(li)(li)(li)(li)敬山(shan)神(shen)、天(tian)神(shen),求得祝(zhu)福和(he)保佑。民國24年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),楊(yang)家(jia)閣為(wei)(wei)(wei)幫紅(hong)四(si)方面軍籌集(ji)軍糧(liang),發動貧苦(ku)人民上(shang)山(shan)采摘李(li)(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)千余(yu)(yu)擔充饑(ji)、入藥,同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月,楊(yang)家(jia)閣壯烈犧牲。當地(di)(di)(di)(di)百(bai)(bai)姓為(wei)(wei)(wei)紀(ji)(ji)念他(ta)栽植李(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)百(bai)(bai)余(yu)(yu)株,成活至(zhi)今(jin)有(you)(you)(you)30余(yu)(yu)株,取名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“家(jia)閣李(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)”,距今(jin)70余(yu)(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。1935年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),紅(hong)四(si)方面軍在(zai)茂(mao)縣(xian)群眾(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)籌集(ji)軍糧(liang)并采李(li)(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)充饑(ji),果(guo)(guo)核為(wei)(wei)(wei)藥,為(wei)(wei)(wei)感謝羌族(zu)(zu)(zu)人民,北上(shang)前(qian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)栽植李(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)五十余(yu)(yu)株,成活至(zhi)今(jin)有(you)(you)(you)十余(yu)(yu)株,羌人現取名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“紅(hong)軍李(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)”,距今(jin)70余(yu)(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。 目前(qian)茂(mao)縣(xian)境內仍有(you)(you)(you)百(bai)(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)李(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)5000余(yu)(yu)株生(sheng)長開(kai)花結果(guo)(guo),其(qi)頑強的(de)生(sheng)命力如(ru)《爾雅》云:“五沃之土,其(qi)木宜梅李(li)(li)(li)(li)。”令(ling)人驚嘆。 這里盛產的(de)李(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)果(guo)(guo)面亮麗、光滑有(you)(you)(you)光澤、果(guo)(guo)粉厚,質地(di)(di)(di)(di)爽口脆嫩、香氣濃郁(yu),可溶(rong)性固(gu)形物(wu)高,果(guo)(guo)核離核,可食(shi)(shi)率高達97%以(yi)上(shang),品質上(shang)等(deng),耐貯運(yun),深(shen)受廣大消費者喜愛,售價達7-10元(yuan)/kg,產品遠銷新加坡、日本(ben)、韓(han)國、香港(gang)、深(shen)圳、重慶、云南、貴州、西安(an)等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di),產生(sheng)了巨大的(de)經濟效益,名(ming)聲遠揚(yang)。
自(zi)然(ran)生態環境和人文(wen)歷史因素
茂(mao)(mao)縣李產區地(di)(di)(di)(di)處四(si)川省茂(mao)(mao)縣南(nan)北(bei)部,地(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)西(xi)北(bei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)、東(dong)南(nan)低(di),形(xing)(xing)態以(yi)中山深切割為(wei)特(te)點,屬四(si)川盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)西(xi)緣山地(di)(di)(di)(di),地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌以(yi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山峽(xia)谷地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)為(wei)主。土壤(rang)(rang)(rang)有(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)達2.85%-4.83%,PH值5.75-8.58,全氮含(han)量(liang)(liang)0.142%-0.451%、富含(han)磷(lin)、鉀,全磷(lin)0.104%-0.226%、全鉀2.5%-3.3%、水(shui)解氮70.95mg/kg-116.85mg/kg、有(you)(you)效(xiao)磷(lin)16.26mg/kg-555.2mg/kg、速(su)效(xiao)鉀79.10mg/kg-135.44mg/kg。土壤(rang)(rang)(rang)通透性(xing)好(hao),灌溉條件(jian)和(he)排水(shui)性(xing)好(hao),非常適(shi)(shi)合(he)李子生長發育,是(shi)種植茂(mao)(mao)縣李得天獨(du)厚的(de)(de)(de)自然條件(jian)。 茂(mao)(mao)縣屬高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)原(yuan)型季風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou),受西(xi)風(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)流南(nan)支急流和(he)印度(du)洋(yang)西(xi)南(nan)風(feng)(feng)及(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌影響(xiang),形(xing)(xing)成時(shi)(shi)空變化大,小(xiao)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)效(xiao)應突(tu)出的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點。 產區環(huan)(huan)境特(te)點為(wei):冬(dong)長夏(xia)短(duan)、春(chun)秋(qiu)相連,雨(yu)(yu)旱分明,氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)(wen)和(he),陽光充足,河谷多風(feng)(feng);有(you)(you)別于四(si)川盆周山地(di)(di)(di)(di)及(ji)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)原(yuan)。與(yu)省內(nei)其它李產區相比具(ju)備發展優質(zhi)(zhi)李的(de)(de)(de)獨(du)特(te)環(huan)(huan)境條件(jian):一是(shi)海拔(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)(yi),在海拔(ba)(ba)1470米(mi)-2300米(mi)之間(jian),是(shi)茂(mao)(mao)縣李生長的(de)(de)(de)最佳海拔(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du);二是(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi) 溫(wen)(wen)適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)(yi),該縣年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)11.2℃,最低(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-11.6℃,7月平(ping)均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)20.9℃,最高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)32℃;三(san)是(shi)光照條件(jian)十分充沛,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日照時(shi)(shi)數1557.1小(xiao)時(shi)(shi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)總輻(fu)射量(liang)(liang)為(wei)100.90千(qian)卡(ka)/平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)厘(li)米(mi),光合(he)有(you)(you)效(xiao)輻(fu)射49.50 千(qian)卡(ka)/平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)厘(li)米(mi),適(shi)(shi)于李子生長的(de)(de)(de)4-9月,有(you)(you)效(xiao)輻(fu)射量(liang)(liang)可(ke)達29.90千(qian)卡(ka)/平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)厘(li)米(mi),約占總量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)60.5%;四(si)是(shi)全縣雨(yu)(yu)熱(re)同季,溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)較(jiao)差(cha)小(xiao)、日較(jiao)差(cha)達10℃以(yi)上(shang),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)偏少,多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)僅(jin)490.0mm,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)蒸發量(liang)(liang)1375.7mm。 綜上(shang)所述:茂(mao)(mao)縣土壤(rang)(rang)(rang)有(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)、礦物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),灌溉方(fang)(fang)(fang)便,冬(dong)長夏(xia)短(duan)、溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)較(jiao)差(cha)小(xiao),日較(jiao)差(cha)大,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)小(xiao),日照充足的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)原(yuan)型季風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)獨(du)特(te)性(xing);形(xing)(xing)成茂(mao)(mao)縣李果(guo)面亮(liang)麗,光滑有(you)(you)光澤(ze),果(guo)粉(fen)厚,質(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)爽口脆嫩,香氣(qi)濃(nong)郁,可(ke)溶性(xing)固(gu)形(xing)(xing)物(wu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)達14%,果(guo)核離核,可(ke)食率高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)達97%以(yi)上(shang),品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)等(deng),耐貯運的(de)(de)(de)獨(du)特(te)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)。
地域范圍
茂縣(xian)李地(di)理標(biao)志地(di)域保(bao)護(hu)范(fan)圍包括鳳(feng)儀(yi)、南(nan)新和疊溪3個鎮和渭門、溝口(kou)、雅(ya)都、曲谷(gu)、洼底、白(bai)溪、三龍、回龍、黑虎、飛虹(hong)、太平、松(song)坪、石大關13個鄉(xiang)。地(di)理坐標(biao)為(wei):東(dong)經102°56′-104°10′,北緯31°25′-32°16′。茂縣(xian)位(wei)于川(chuan)西(xi)(xi)北地(di)區,東(dong)與(yu)北川(chuan)、安(an)縣(xian)、綿(mian)竹(zhu)毗鄰,南(nan)與(yu)彭(peng)州市、汶川(chuan)、什邡接壤,西(xi)(xi)與(yu)理縣(xian)、黑水(shui)相(xiang)鄰,北與(yu)松(song)潘連接,南(nan)北長94.8公(gong)里,東(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬116.5公(gong)里。保(bao)護(hu)面積2000公(gong)頃,年產量8.25萬噸。
品質特性特征
(1)獨特感官特征(zheng):茂縣李果實整齊度好、果形端(duan)正,具有本品種(zhong)的固有特征(zheng)果皮色澤,具有本品種(zhong)成熟時應有的果肉(rou)色澤,李果面(mian)亮(liang)麗,光(guang)滑(hua)有光(guang)澤,果粉厚,質(zhi)地爽(shuang)口脆嫩(nen),香氣濃郁,果核(he)離核(he),品質(zhi)上等,耐貯運的獨特品質(zhi)。
(2)獨特內在(zai)品質指標:茂縣李具有高(gao)糖(tang)低(di)酸(suan)的(de)品質特點(dian),硬度(du)大(da)于(yu)10.4kg/平(ping)方厘米,可溶性固形物大(da)于(yu)12.5%,可滴(di)定酸(suan)小于(yu)1.06%,含(han)糖(tang)量大(da)于(yu)9.8%,可食率大(da)于(yu)97%。