品種特性
因樹干木質化而形(xing)成小(xiao)樹俗(su)稱“樹子(zi)海椒”,是多年生植(zhi)物。最(zui)初隨著藏(zang)(zang)傳佛(fo)教的(de)傳入從印(yin)度引進,后經當(dang)地(di)特殊的(de)地(di)理(li)位置和氣候環境長期栽培選育(yu)出(chu)的(de)一種原始的(de)地(di)方辣椒品種。該品種頭(tou)年以(yi)種子(zi)育(yu)苗(miao)移栽,當(dang)年開花結果(guo)(guo),可(ke)以(yi)露地(di)越(yue)冬,經冬不死,每(mei)年春季(ji)又可(ke)發(fa)生新芽開花結果(guo)(guo),植(zhi)株高可(ke)達數米,葉片(pian)披針形(xing),果(guo)(guo)實(shi)短(duan)角(jiao)形(xing),頂端稍(shao)尖,成熟后果(guo)(guo)實(shi)金黃(huang)鮮亮,其椒果(guo)(guo)肉(rou)薄(bo)、辣味濃,可(ke)開胃健脾,曾入藏(zang)(zang)藥,而其樹壽(shou)命可(ke)長達上百(bai)年。
營養價值
樹(shu)椒的(de)主要特點是維生素E、鈣、硒維生素C、核黃素含量(liang)高。
1、核黃素
樹椒(jiao)中含核黃(huang)素(su)0.566mg/100g,(干),其營豐富。核黃(huang)素(su)又稱(cheng)維生(sheng)素(su)B2,它具有促進生(sheng)長(chang),預防皮膚炎、唇炎等。
2、 維生素E
樹(shu)椒中維(wei)生素(su)E含量為12.56mg/100g(干),其營養極(ji)其豐富。維(wei)生素(su)E是一種(zhong)(zhong)重要(yao)的(de)(de)生理活性(xing)物質,維(wei)生素(su)E是可(ke)提高機體免疫能力,具(ju)有(you)保持(chi)血紅細胞的(de)(de)完(wan)整并促進血紅細胞的(de)(de)生物合成的(de)(de)作用等。所以(yi)維(wei)生素(su)E是一種(zhong)(zhong)經現代科(ke)學證實的(de)(de)食品功能因子。
3、維生素C
樹椒中(zhong)含(han)維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)C30.4mg/100g(干(gan)),其(qi)(qi)營養極其(qi)(qi)豐富。維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)C在(zai)人體代謝具有(you)極其(qi)(qi)重要(yao)的生(sheng)理功(gong)能,如(ru)促進膠原的生(sheng)物合成,促進骨(gu)骼和牙齒生(sheng)長,促進氨基酸低謝、發源對(dui)鐵、鈣和葉酸的利用(yong)等(deng)作用(yong)。
4、微(wei)量活(huo)性元素
樹椒(jiao)中(zhong)含鈣(gai)量(liang)高,為(wei)240mg/100g。鈣(gai)對(dui)于人(ren)(ren)體骨(gu)骼和牙齒發育(yu)、血液凝(ning)固(gu)、心(xin)肌和骨(gu)骼的(de)(de)收縮、神經細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)功能的(de)(de)調節(jie)有重要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)。樹椒(jiao)中(zhong)硒(xi)(xi)含量(liang)為(wei)5.2ug/100g,與其相對(dui)照的(de)(de)干(gan)辣椒(jiao)中(zhong)不含硒(xi)(xi)。硒(xi)(xi)是人(ren)(ren)體必需的(de)(de)微量(liang)活性元(yuan)素,其重要(yao)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是可清除人(ren)(ren)體內產生過(guo)多的(de)(de)活性氧(yang)自由基,抑制細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)膜(mo)的(de)(de)脂質過(guo)氧(yang)化(hua),避免其對(dui)組織(zhi)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)損傷。延緩其對(dui)組織(zhi)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)衰退老過(guo)程,表(biao)現出明顯(xian)的(de)(de)抗衰老作(zuo)用(yong)。
生產情況
得榮縣(xian)位(wei)(wei)于金沙江下游干熱河(he)谷(gu)區(qu)(qu)域,獨特的地(di)(di)理位(wei)(wei)置和氣(qi)候條(tiao)件(jian)使這里成為“樹椒”特產區(qu)(qu)。經過千(qian)年(nian)基因變化及長期栽培選育,成為該縣(xian)一種(zhong)原始地(di)(di)方辣椒品種(zhong)。但由于效益因素,21世紀前的數(shu)百年(nian)時間(jian)里,樹椒只是零星而(er)散落地(di)(di)生長在(zai)當(dang)地(di)(di)一些鄉村的山溝地(di)(di)邊。
2002年,得榮縣開始調整農(nong)業產(chan)業結構,經過大(da)量(liang)調研和科學論證,樹(shu)椒作(zuo)為(wei)當(dang)地(di)特產(chan)被納(na)入推廣種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)的經濟作(zuo)物之(zhi)一(yi),讓當(dang)地(di)適宜種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)樹(shu)椒地(di)區的農(nong)戶(hu)選種(zhong)(zhong)。
2003年(nian),得(de)(de)榮(rong)縣(xian)開(kai)(kai)始規(gui)模化種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao),當(dang)年(nian)規(gui)模達到(dao)30畝(mu)(mu),2005年(nian),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)走出(chu)得(de)(de)榮(rong),順利(li)在周邊(bian)幾個縣(xian)域市(shi)場(chang)內(nei)銷售,樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)價(jia)格開(kai)(kai)始從(cong)每公斤3元回(hui)升到(dao)4元錢的(de)(de)價(jia)格。為了(le)將品(pin)牌(pai)做強,2006年(nian)5月,經過嚴(yan)格認證,得(de)(de)榮(rong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)又獲得(de)(de)國家質量(liang)監督(du)檢(jian)驗檢(jian)疫局認定的(de)(de)地(di)(di)理標志產(chan)品(pin)保護,加上(shang)周邊(bian)銷售市(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)不(bu)斷開(kai)(kai)發(fa),擁有品(pin)牌(pai)的(de)(de)得(de)(de)榮(rong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)開(kai)(kai)始在國內(nei)市(shi)場(chang)崛起(qi),遠(yuan)銷到(dao)上(shang)海、廣州等地(di)(di)市(shi)場(chang):當(dang)年(nian),得(de)(de)榮(rong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)價(jia)格就從(cong)每公斤4元上(shang)漲到(dao)10元,每戶(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)戶(hu)(hu)因此至少多(duo)(duo)獲利(li)2000余元。品(pin)牌(pai)效應、市(shi)場(chang)價(jia)格上(shang)漲,給當(dang)地(di)(di)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)戶(hu)(hu)帶來了(le)甜(tian)頭,從(cong)最先的(de)(de)不(bu)愿意種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)到(dao)零(ling)星種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),再從(cong)零(ling)星種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)又不(bu)想(xiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),然后到(dao)自發(fa)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)開(kai)(kai)始當(dang)地(di)(di)適(shi)宜地(di)(di)區迅速(su)發(fa)展。2007年(nian)該縣(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)規(gui)模達到(dao)200多(duo)(duo)畝(mu)(mu),產(chan)量(liang)達到(dao)75噸(dun)左(zuo)右,但(dan)還是供(gong)不(bu)應求。 2008,得(de)(de)榮(rong)縣(xian)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)規(gui)模達750多(duo)(duo)畝(mu)(mu),如果按畝(mu)(mu)產(chan)750公斤計算,得(de)(de)榮(rong)縣(xian)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)產(chan)量(liang)大概在562.5噸(dun)左(zuo)右。2010年(nian)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)在得(de)(de)榮(rong)已(yi)形成規(gui)模化,該縣(xian)5個鄉、鎮先后建立起(qi)了(le)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)基(ji)地(di)(di)。
產品加工
為(wei)(wei)進(jin)一步打開樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)銷售(shou)(shou)市(shi)場,增加(jia)種植(zhi)戶收(shou)入(ru),得榮縣2010年(nian)投入(ru)12萬元(樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)專項資金)委托省食品(pin)研究院研發了(le)6個樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)深(shen)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)產(chan)品(pin)。該縣根據(ju)市(shi)場加(jia)需(xu)求(qiu)積極尋求(qiu)銷售(shou)(shou)市(shi)場,與(yu)四川省都江堰欣(xin)禾實業(ye)有限責任(ren)公(gong)司(si)(si)達成樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生產(chan)協(xie)(xie)議,為(wei)(wei)康師傅集(ji)團公(gong)司(si)(si)提供料包原料。與(yu)此同(tong)時(shi)該縣還與(yu)四川省甘孜州華(hua)康進(jin)出口(集(ji)團)公(gong)司(si)(si)簽(qian)訂(ding)了(le)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)意向性協(xie)(xie)議,加(jia)大樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)辣椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)深(shen)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)力(li)度,時(shi)下正是得榮縣樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)出產(chan)期,全年(nian)預計產(chan)鮮椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)600噸(dun),可(ke)增加(jia)農民收(shou)入(ru)650余萬元。樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)農副產(chan)業(ye)的種植(zhi)、銷售(shou)(shou)規模化將為(wei)(wei)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種植(zhi)戶帶來(lai)了(le)可(ke)觀(guan)的經(jing)濟收(shou)入(ru)。