一.產品介紹
蘄(qi)山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)蘄(qi)春縣青(qing)石鎮的(de)傳統特產,也是(shi)(shi)桐(tong)梓河流域的(de)重點農作物,其優質美味(wei)聞名于(yu)世。“蘄(qi)山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)”盛名由來(lai)已久,“蘄(qi)山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)”有三(san)奇:一奇是(shi)(shi)長在(zai)(zai)青(qing)山(shan)綠水間。“蘄(qi)山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)”主產于(yu)蘄(qi)春縣青(qing)石鎮高溪村(cun)一帶(dai),這里位于(yu)神(shen)奇的(de)北(bei)緯30°,北(bei)倚大別(bie)山(shan),南臨長江,青(qing)山(shan)綠水,環境潔(jie)凈無污染。二奇是(shi)(shi)用(yong)在(zai)(zai)飲(yin)食延年壽。蘄(qi)山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)枝肥個大,淀(dian)粉豐富(fu),色白多汁(zhi),食味(wei)香甜。據《本(ben)草綱目》記載:蘄(qi)山(shan)藥(yao)(yao),“甘(gan),溫(wen)平無毒”,有“益腎(shen)氣,健脾胃,止(zhi)瀉痢(li),化痰涎,潤(run)皮毛”之(zhi)功效。蘄(qi)山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)富(fu)含多種(zhong)(zhong)營(ying)養(yang),尤其多糖(tang)含量(liang)高。其中多糖(tang)是(shi)(shi)公認的(de)山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)主要活性成分(fen),據報道,山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)多糖(tang)具有抗(kang)腫瘤、調節免疫、抗(kang)突變、抗(kang)衰老等藥(yao)(yao)理作用(yong)。而山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)做(zuo)粥(zhou)叫(jiao)“神(shen)仙粥(zhou)”,山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)做(zuo)粒叫(jiao)“仙人粒”。 三(san)奇是(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)田野效益豐。2013年,青(qing)石鎮高溪村(cun)種(zhong)(zhong)植的(de)“蘄(qi)山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)”畝產3500-4000斤,售價平均6元/斤,畝平純收入16000元以上(shang)。產品遠(yuan)銷全省各地(di)乃至(zhi)外地(di)區。
二(er).自然生(sheng)態環境和人文(wen)歷史因素
1、地(di)(di)形地(di)(di)貌(mao):蘄春縣地(di)(di)處大(da)別山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南麓余脈,長江(jiang)中(zhong)游北(bei)岸。境(jing)內地(di)(di)勢(shi)起伏大(da),海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔最高處1244.1米(mi)(mi);地(di)(di)貌(mao)結構復雜,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)、丘陵、平(ping)原兼具,且呈現多層次立體分布。整個(ge)地(di)(di)勢(shi)東(dong)北(bei)高、西(xi)(xi)南低,由東(dong)北(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)(xi)南漸(jian)次傾斜(xie),形成向(xiang)(xiang)南敞(chang)口的不完整盆地(di)(di)。屬于中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區和低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區類型(xing)。大(da)體分為自北(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)南走(zou)向(xiang)(xiang)和自北(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)(xi)南走(zou)向(xiang)(xiang)兩大(da)支(zhi)系(xi)。蘄山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥主(zhu)產地(di)(di)為自北(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)南走(zou)向(xiang)(xiang)支(zhi)系(xi)的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)。主(zhu)要山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)有由云丹山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔1244.1米(mi)(mi))向(xiang)(xiang)北(bei)走(zou)向(xiang)(xiang)的三面尖(海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔1009.9米(mi)(mi))、鼓角山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔1144米(mi)(mi))、桐(tong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔1070.9米(mi)(mi))、將軍山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔1109.7米(mi)(mi))和向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)南走(zou)向(xiang)(xiang)的橫崗(gang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔815米(mi)(mi))等(deng)。
2、土(tu)質:蘄山藥生產(chan)的(de)土(tu)質主要以山區(qu)的(de)沖積物形成的(de)沙(sha)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)為主,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)熟(shu)化程度高,土(tu)層深厚、疏松、富含有機質,非(fei)常適合蘄山藥生長。
3、水(shui)(shui)質:蘄山藥生產用(yong)水(shui)(shui)來源區域內主要以水(shui)(shui)庫和山泉水(shui)(shui)為主,常年水(shui)(shui)源充沛,水(shui)(shui)質清潔(jie),無污染,符合Ⅱ級飲用(yong)水(shui)(shui)標(biao)準。
4、氣(qi)候情況:蘄春屬亞熱帶季風性濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)氣(qi)候。雨量(liang)充(chong)沛(pei),光照充(chong)足,氣(qi)候溫和,四季交替(ti)明顯,產地年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫為(wei)17.2℃,≧10℃年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)活動積溫5476.2℃,無霜(shuang)期(qi)平(ping)均(jun)為(wei)259天,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)量(liang)為(wei)1418mm,其中(zhong)春、夏季降水(shui)量(liang)多(duo),秋季較少(shao),冬季最少(shao),與蘄山藥生長需水(shui)特(te)性基本吻合,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)總日照時數(shu)為(wei)1950.2小時,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)相對濕(shi)(shi)度78%。
5、品質(zhi)(zhi)特征的形成與(yu)環(huan)境條件(jian)(jian)的關系:蘄山(shan)(shan)藥,產地(di)區(qu)域土(tu)壤屬山(shan)(shan)區(qu)沖積(ji)物,水(shui)(shui)源來(lai)自天然的山(shan)(shan)泉水(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)源條件(jian)(jian)良好,保水(shui)(shui)性能好,土(tu)層深(shen)厚,有(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)豐富(fu)的沙壤土(tu),光(guang)照充足,氣(qi)(qi)候溫和(he),四季(ji)交替明顯(xian),產地(di)年平均氣(qi)(qi)溫為17.2℃,≧10℃年活動積(ji)溫5476.2℃,無霜期平均為259天,年平均降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)為1418mm,其中春、夏季(ji)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)多,秋季(ji)較少,冬(dong)季(ji)最少,氣(qi)(qi)候條件(jian)(jian)和(he)環(huan)境條件(jian)(jian)與(yu)蘄山(shan)(shan)藥生長需要的水(shui)(shui)、肥、氣(qi)(qi)、土(tu)特性基本吻合,而(er)且其品種從當地(di)的野生馴化栽培而(er)來(lai),至今(jin)已有(you)千(qian)余年的歷史。
三.地域范圍
蘄(qi)(qi)春縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地處長江(jiang)中游北(bei)岸(an),大別(bie)山南麓,鄂東(dong)邊陲,位于北(bei)緯(wei)29°59′-30°41′;東(dong)經(jing)115°12′-115°55′。縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境地域東(dong)與湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)省(sheng)黃(huang)梅縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、武穴(xue)市和安徽省(sheng)宿(su)松(song)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)3個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)接壤;西與湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)省(sheng)浠水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)毗連(lian);北(bei)與湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)省(sheng)英山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和安徽省(sheng)太湖(hu)(hu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)兩縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)交(jiao)界(jie);南與湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)省(sheng)陽(yang)新縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)隔(ge)江(jiang)相望。蘄(qi)(qi)山藥(yao)主產區為蘄(qi)(qi)春縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)三個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen),位于北(bei)緯(wei)30°14′-30°28′;東(dong)經(jing)115°44′-115°55′之間,其中在(zai)青石鎮(zhen)(zhen)10000畝(mu)、劉河(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)2000畝(mu)、漕河(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)3000畝(mu)等3個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)一些(xie)區域,生(sheng)產面積共計15000畝(mu),總產量在(zai)2250萬kg。
四.產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
1、外部(bu)主要特征:外表形態(tai)如棒槌狀,根莖粗,直(zhi)生(sheng),一般棒長在20—30cm,長有許多須根,清洗后(hou)皮色黃亮,肉白色。
2、內(nei)(nei)在品質(zhi)指標(biao): 內(nei)(nei)含(han)蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)等(deng)多種營(ying)養(yang)元素(su)(su),其中蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(以(yi)(yi)干(gan)(gan)基(ji)計(ji))≥12.5%、總(zong)糖(以(yi)(yi)干(gan)(gan)基(ji)計(ji))≥2.0%、淀粉(fen)(以(yi)(yi)干(gan)(gan)基(ji)計(ji))≥65.0%、氨基(ji)酸(以(yi)(yi)干(gan)(gan)基(ji)計(ji))≥10.0%、水分≥65.0%、鈣≥137、鐵(tie)≥5.8、鉀≥2600、鋅≥4.5、鎂≥130等(deng)元素(su)(su)。
3、安全要求:蘄山藥應符(fu)合中華人民共(gong)和國農業行業標準,NY5089—2005 無公害農產品的(de)規定。