一.產品介紹
蘄(qi)(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)蘄(qi)(qi)(qi)春(chun)縣(xian)青(qing)石(shi)鎮(zhen)的傳(chuan)統特(te)產(chan),也是(shi)(shi)(shi)桐梓河流(liu)域(yu)的重(zhong)點農作(zuo)物,其優(you)質(zhi)美味聞名于(yu)世。“蘄(qi)(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)”盛名由來已(yi)久,“蘄(qi)(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)”有(you)三奇(qi):一奇(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)長(chang)在(zai)青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)綠水間。“蘄(qi)(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)”主產(chan)于(yu)蘄(qi)(qi)(qi)春(chun)縣(xian)青(qing)石(shi)鎮(zhen)高溪村一帶(dai),這里位于(yu)神奇(qi)的北緯30°,北倚大別(bie)山(shan)(shan)(shan),南(nan)臨長(chang)江,青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)綠水,環境潔凈無污染。二奇(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)在(zai)飲食延(yan)年壽(shou)。蘄(qi)(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)枝肥個大,淀(dian)粉豐富,色白多汁(zhi),食味香甜(tian)。據《本(ben)草綱目》記(ji)載:蘄(qi)(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao),“甘,溫平無毒”,有(you)“益(yi)腎氣,健脾胃,止瀉痢(li),化痰涎,潤皮毛”之功效。蘄(qi)(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)富含(han)多種營養,尤其多糖(tang)含(han)量高。其中多糖(tang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)認的山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)主要活性(xing)成分,據報道,山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)多糖(tang)具(ju)有(you)抗腫瘤(liu)、調節免疫、抗突變、抗衰老等(deng)藥(yao)(yao)理(li)作(zuo)用(yong)。而(er)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)做粥叫“神仙粥”,山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)做粒(li)(li)叫“仙人(ren)粒(li)(li)”。 三奇(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)種在(zai)田野(ye)效益(yi)豐。2013年,青(qing)石(shi)鎮(zhen)高溪村種植(zhi)的“蘄(qi)(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)”畝產(chan)3500-4000斤(jin),售(shou)價平均6元(yuan)/斤(jin),畝平純收入16000元(yuan)以(yi)上。產(chan)品(pin)遠銷全(quan)省各(ge)地乃至外(wai)地區。
二.自(zi)然生態環境和人文歷史因(yin)素
1、地(di)(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao):蘄春縣地(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)大別山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)麓余脈,長(chang)江中游北(bei)(bei)岸。境(jing)內地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢起伏(fu)大,海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)最高(gao)處(chu)1244.1米(mi);地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)結構復雜,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、丘陵(ling)、平原兼具,且呈現多層次(ci)立體分布。整(zheng)(zheng)個地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢東北(bei)(bei)高(gao)、西南(nan)低,由(you)東北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)西南(nan)漸(jian)次(ci)傾斜,形成(cheng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)南(nan)敞口的不完整(zheng)(zheng)盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)。屬于中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區和低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區類型。大體分為自(zi)北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)東南(nan)走向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和自(zi)北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)西南(nan)走向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)兩大支系(xi)。蘄山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥主產地(di)(di)(di)(di)為自(zi)北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)東南(nan)走向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)支系(xi)的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。主要山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰有由(you)云丹(dan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)1244.1米(mi))向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)北(bei)(bei)走向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的三面尖(jian)(海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)1009.9米(mi))、鼓角山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)1144米(mi))、桐山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)1070.9米(mi))、將軍(jun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)1109.7米(mi))和向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)東南(nan)走向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的橫(heng)崗山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)815米(mi))等。
2、土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi):蘄山藥生產的(de)土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)主要以山區的(de)沖積物形成的(de)沙壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)為主,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)熟化程度高,土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深厚、疏(shu)松、富含有機質(zhi)(zhi),非常適合蘄山藥生長。
3、水(shui)質:蘄山藥生產(chan)用水(shui)來源區域內主要(yao)以(yi)水(shui)庫(ku)和山泉水(shui)為主,常年水(shui)源充沛,水(shui)質清(qing)潔,無污染,符合Ⅱ級飲用水(shui)標準。
4、氣(qi)候情況:蘄(qi)春(chun)屬亞熱帶季(ji)風性濕潤氣(qi)候。雨量(liang)充(chong)沛,光照(zhao)充(chong)足,氣(qi)候溫(wen)和,四(si)季(ji)交替明(ming)顯,產地年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)為17.2℃,≧10℃年(nian)活動(dong)積(ji)溫(wen)5476.2℃,無霜期平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)為259天,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降水(shui)量(liang)為1418mm,其(qi)中春(chun)、夏季(ji)降水(shui)量(liang)多,秋(qiu)季(ji)較少,冬季(ji)最少,與(yu)蘄(qi)山藥生長需水(shui)特性基(ji)本吻合(he),年(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)總(zong)日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)為1950.2小時(shi),年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)相對濕度78%。
5、品質特征的(de)形(xing)成與環境(jing)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)的(de)關系(xi):蘄山藥(yao),產地區域土壤屬山區沖積(ji)物,水源來自天(tian)然的(de)山泉(quan)水,水源條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)良(liang)好,保水性能(neng)好,土層(ceng)深(shen)厚,有機質含量(liang)豐富的(de)沙壤土,光(guang)照(zhao)充(chong)足,氣(qi)候(hou)溫和,四季(ji)交替明顯,產地年(nian)平均氣(qi)溫為(wei)(wei)17.2℃,≧10℃年(nian)活動(dong)積(ji)溫5476.2℃,無霜(shuang)期平均為(wei)(wei)259天(tian),年(nian)平均降(jiang)水量(liang)為(wei)(wei)1418mm,其中春、夏季(ji)降(jiang)水量(liang)多(duo),秋季(ji)較(jiao)少(shao)(shao),冬季(ji)最少(shao)(shao),氣(qi)候(hou)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)和環境(jing)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)與蘄山藥(yao)生長需(xu)要(yao)的(de)水、肥、氣(qi)、土特性基本(ben)吻合,而且其品種從當地的(de)野生馴化栽培而來,至今已有千余(yu)年(nian)的(de)歷史。
三.地域范圍
蘄春縣(xian)(xian)地處(chu)長(chang)江(jiang)中游(you)北(bei)岸,大別山南(nan)麓(lu),鄂東(dong)邊陲,位(wei)(wei)于北(bei)緯(wei)29°59′-30°41′;東(dong)經(jing)115°12′-115°55′。縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)地域東(dong)與湖北(bei)省(sheng)黃梅縣(xian)(xian)、武穴市(shi)和安徽省(sheng)宿松(song)縣(xian)(xian)3個縣(xian)(xian)接壤;西與湖北(bei)省(sheng)浠水縣(xian)(xian)毗連;北(bei)與湖北(bei)省(sheng)英(ying)山縣(xian)(xian)和安徽省(sheng)太湖縣(xian)(xian)兩縣(xian)(xian)交界(jie);南(nan)與湖北(bei)省(sheng)陽新縣(xian)(xian)隔江(jiang)相(xiang)望。蘄山藥主產(chan)(chan)區為(wei)蘄春縣(xian)(xian)三個鄉鎮,位(wei)(wei)于北(bei)緯(wei)30°14′-30°28′;東(dong)經(jing)115°44′-115°55′之間,其中在青石鎮10000畝(mu)、劉(liu)河鎮2000畝(mu)、漕(cao)河鎮3000畝(mu)等(deng)3個鄉鎮一(yi)些區域,生產(chan)(chan)面積共(gong)計15000畝(mu),總(zong)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)在2250萬kg。
四(si).產品品質特(te)性特(te)征(zheng)
1、外部主要特征:外表(biao)形態如棒(bang)槌狀(zhuang),根(gen)莖粗,直(zhi)生,一般棒(bang)長(chang)(chang)在20—30cm,長(chang)(chang)有許多須根(gen),清洗后皮色黃亮,肉白色。
2、內在(zai)品質(zhi)指標: 內含蛋(dan)白質(zhi)等(deng)多種營養元(yuan)素(su),其中蛋(dan)白質(zhi)(以(yi)干(gan)基(ji)計)≥12.5%、總糖(以(yi)干(gan)基(ji)計)≥2.0%、淀粉(以(yi)干(gan)基(ji)計)≥65.0%、氨基(ji)酸(以(yi)干(gan)基(ji)計)≥10.0%、水(shui)分(fen)≥65.0%、鈣(gai)≥137、鐵(tie)≥5.8、鉀≥2600、鋅≥4.5、鎂≥130等(deng)元(yuan)素(su)。
3、安全要求:蘄山藥應符合中華(hua)人(ren)民共(gong)和國農(nong)業行(xing)業標準,NY5089—2005 無(wu)公(gong)害農(nong)產品的規定。